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HISTORY    OF   IOWA 

From    the    Earliest   Times 
TO    THE    Beginning  of  the    Twentieth    Century 

four  volumes 
By  benjamin  F.  GUE 

Illustrated  with  Photographic   Views  of  the  Natural  Scenery  of 
the  State,   Public  Buildings,   Pioneer  Life,    Etc. 

WITH   PORTRAITS   AND   BIOGRAPHIES    OF    NOTABLE    MEN    AND    WOMEN    OF   IOWA 

VOLUME  IV 
IOWA    BIOGRAPHY 


SEAL    OF    THE    STATK    OF   IOWA 


THE   CENTURY   HISTORY   COMPANY 

41    Lafayette    Place 

New  York  City 


••■>  11^  i } /  1  > , 


'  •  '  J  J  J    1 


^^"^  Vqo^^ 


COPYKIGHT,    1903 

B.  F.  GuE 

ALL    RIGHTS    RESERVED 


Publication  Office 

41  Lafayette  Place 

New  York,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS 


VOLUME 


FOUR 


Biographical  Sketches  of  Notable  Iowa  Men  and  Women 


PAGE 

Charles  H.  Abbott 1 

Alonzo  Abernethy 1 

Austin  Adams 1 

Mary  Newbury  Adams 2 

Lueian  L.  Ainsworth 3 

Charles   Aldrich 3 

William  V.  Allen 4 

William  B.  Allison 5 

Albert  R.  Anderson 7 

Daniel  Anderson 7 

Alfred  T.  Andreas 7 

Robert  B.  Armstrong 8 

Charles   Ashton 8 

Washington  I.  Babb 9 

Lysander  W.  Babbitt 9 

A.  K.  Bailey 10 

Gideon  S.  Bailey 10 

James    Baker 11 

Nathaniel  B.  Baker 11 

Thomas  Baker 12 

Caleb  Baldwin 13 

John  N.  Baldwin 13 

Jabez  Banbury 13 

Willis  H.  Barris 13 

Willard   Barrows 14 

George  W.  Bassett 15 

John  F.  Bates 15 

William  M.  Beardshear 15 

Charles    Beardsley 300 

Joseph  M.  Beck IG 

Byron  A.  Beeson 17 

William  W.  Belknap 17 

George  W.  Bemis 18 

Narcissa  T.  Bemis 18 

Thomas  H.  Benton 18 

William  H.  Berry 19 

James  G.   Berryhill 19 

[Vol.   4] 


PAGE 

Charles  E.  Bessey 20 

Samuel  L.  Bestow 20 

Benjamin  P.  Birdsall 21 

Charles  A.  Bishop 21 

Frederick  E.  Bissell 21 

Lueian  C.  Blanehard 22 

Amelia  Jenks  Bloomer 22 

Dexter  C.  Bloomer 23 

Norman  Boardman 23 

Horace   Boies 24 

Lemuel  K.  Bolter 24 

Nathan  Boone 25 

Caleb  H.  Booth 25 

Edmund  Booth 26 

Daniel  H.  Bowen 26 

Thomas  Bowman 26 

Philip  B.  Bradley 27 

John  M.  Brainard 27 

Nathan  H.  Brainard 28 

Isaac   Brandt 28 

John   Brennan 28 

Ansel  Briggs 29 

Johnson   Brigham 30 

Aaron    Brown 30 

John  L.  Brown 31 

Timothy    Brown 31 

Jesse  B.  Browne 31 

J.  L.  Budd 32 

Hem-y  C.  Bulls 32 

Samuel  S.  Burdett 33 

Robert  J.   Burdette 33 

Theodore  W.  Burdick 34 

Howard  A.  Burrell 34 

Cyrus    Bussey 34 

Walter  H.  Butler 35 

Eber  C.  Byam 35 

Howard  W.  Byers 35 


IV 


HISTORY 


PAGE 

Melvin  H.  Byers 36 

Samuel  H.  M.  Byers 36 

Henry  C.  Caldwell 36 

Timothy  J.  Caldwell 37 

Ambrose  A.  Call 37 

Asa  C.  Call 38 

Martha  C.  Callanan 38 

James   Callanan 39 

Samuel  Calvin 39 

Edward  Campbell 40 

Frank  T.  Campbell 41 

Margaret  W.  Campbell 41 

Cyrus  C.  Carpenter 42 

George  T.  Carpenter 42 

William  L.  Carpenter 43 

Phineas  M.  Casady 44 

Carrie  L.  C.  Catt 44 

Jonathan  W.  Cattell 45 

John   Chambers 45 

John  W.  Chapman 46 

William  W.  Chapman 46 

Daniel  D.  Chase 47 

George  M.  Christian 47 

Thomas  W.  Clagett 48 

Charles  A.  Clark 48 

George  W.   Clark 49 

James  S.  Clark 49 

Lincoln    Clark 50 

Rush   Clark 50 

Samuel  M.  Clark 51 

Talton  E.  Clark 51 

James  Clarke 52 

William  P.  Clarke 52 

Coker  F.  Clarkson 53 

James  S.  Clarkson 54 

Richard  P.  Clarkson 55 

David  C.  Cloud 55 

Lorenzo  S.  Coffin 55 

Chester  C.  Cole 56 

Edwin  H.  Conger 57 

John  Connell 58 

James  P.  Connor 58 

John  C.  Cook 59 


PAGE 

John  P.  Cook 59 

Datus  E.  Coon 59 

George  B.  Corkhill 60 

John  M.  Corse 60 

Aylett  R.  Cotton 61 

Robert  G.  Cousins 61 

John  Cownie 62 

Phillip  M.  Crape 62 

Samuel  A.  Cravath 62 

Marcellus  M.  Crocker 63 

Henry  J.  B.  Cummings 64 

Albert  B.  Cummins 64 

Charles  F.  Curtiss 65 

George  M.  Curtis 65 

Samuel  R.  Curtis 66 

Marsena  E.  Cutts 66 

Mark  A.  Dashiell 67 

George    Davenport 67 

Samuel  T.  Davis 68 

Timothy  Davis 68 

James  G.  Day 68 

Henry  Clay  Dean 69 

Horace  E.  Deemer 70 

Nathaniel  C.  Deering 70 

Orsborn  W.  Deignan 70 

Jesse  W.  Denison 71 

Michael  L.  Devin 71 

William  Dewey 72 

Peter  A.  Dey 72 

John  F.  Dillon 73 

Jacob  W.  Dixon 75 

John  N.  Dixon 74 

Augustus  C.  Dodge 75 

Grenville  M.  Dodge 76 

William  W.  Dodge 78 

Jonathan  P.  Dolliver 78 

William  G.  Donnan 79 

William  G.  Dows 79 

Francis  M.  Drake 80 

Thomas    Drummond 80 

John  F.  Duncombe 81 

Warren  S.  Dungan 81 

Clark   Dunham 82 


OF  IOWA 


FAGB 

William  McE.  Dye 82 

Joseph  Dysart 83 

David  C.  Early 83 

Enoch  W.  Eastman 84 

Ariel  K.  Eaton 84 

Willard  L.  Eaton 85 

Ezra  C.  Ebersole 85 

John  Edwards 85 

Joseph   Eiboeck 86 

John  D.  Elbert 300 

John  A.  Elliott 86 

Washington  L.  Elliott 87 

Lyman  A.  Ellis 87 

Charles  J.  A.  Ericson 87 

Samuel  B.  Evans 88 

Samuel  H.  Fairall 88 

David  S.  Fairchild 89 

Sewell  S.  Farwell 89 

Oran  Faville 89 

Joseph  D.  Fegan 90 

Liberty  E.  Fellows 90 

Stephen  N.  Fellows 91 

Andrew  J.  Felt 91 

Robert  S.  Finkbine 92 

Maturin  L.  Fisher 92 

William  H.  Fleming 93 

James  P.  Flick 93 

John  G.  Foote 94 

Sidney  A.  Foster 94 

Suel  Foster 94 

Benjamin  T.  Frederick 95 

Alice  French 95 

William  E.  Fuller 95 

Ambrose  C.  Fulton 96 

Alexander  R.  Fulton 96 

Abraham  B.  Funk 97 

James  H.  Funk 97 

Washington  Galland 98 

William  H.  Gallup 98 

Hamlin   Garland 99 

John  A.  Garrett 99 

Conduce  H.  Gatch 99 

John  H.  Gear 100 


PAGE 

James  L.  vjeddes 101 

James  I.  Gilbert 102 

Gilbert  S.  Gilbertson 102 

Edward  H.  Gillette 102 

Charles  G.  Gilman 103 

Josiah   Given 103 

Welker  Given 104 

Samuel  L.  Glasgow 104 

George  L.  Godfrey 104 

Stewart   Goodrell 105 

Joseph  R.  Gorrell 106 

James  O.  Gower 106 

Harvey  Graham 106 

Barlow  Granger 106 

Charles  T.  Granger 107 

James    Grant 107 

Julius  K.  Graves lOS 

George  Greene 108 

James  W.  Grimes 109 

Josiah  B.  Grinnell Ill 

Benjamin  F.  Gue Ill 

David  J.  Gue 112 

Edward  A.  Guilbert 113 

Francis   Guittar 113 

William  H.  F.  Gurley 114 

A.  L.  Hager 114 

Augustus  Hall 114 

Benton  J.  Hall 115 

Jonathan  C.  Hall 115 

Moses  M.  Ham 116 

John  T.  Hamilton 116 

William  W.  Hamilton 117 

William  G.  Hammond 117 

Philip  C.  Hanna 118 

James  Harlan 118 

W.  F.  Harriman 120 

Elden  J.  Hartshorn 120 

Serranus  C.  Hastings 120 

Edward   Hatch 121 

Frank   Hatton 121 

Gilbert  N.  Haugen 122 

Walter  I.  Hayes 122 

Edward  R.  Hays 122 


VI 


HISTORY 


PAGE 

William  C.  Hayward 122 

Albert  Head 123 

Thomas  D.  iiealy 123 

Alfred  Hebard 124 

Thomas  Hedge 124 

John  M.  Hedrick 124 

Herman  C.  Hemenway 125 

Stephen   Hempstead 125 

Henry  B.  Hendershott 126 

David  B.  Henderson 126 

Paris  P.  Henderson 127 

Joel  E.  Hendricks 127 

Bernhart   Henn 128 

William  P.  Hepburn 128 

John   Herriott 129 

Francis  J.  Herrou 129 

Sumner  B.  Hewett 130 

Azro  B.  F.  Hildreth 130 

Gershom  H.  Hill 131 

Sylvester  G.  Hill 131 

David  B.  Hillis 131 

John  Hilsinger 132 

Alfred  X.  Hobson 132 

Adoniram  J.  Holmes 132 

William  H.  Holmes 133 

Asa  Horr 133 

Charles  C.  Horton 133 

Henry  Hospers 134 

Emerson  Hough 134 

Noel  B.  Howard 135 

Orlando  C.  Howe 135 

Samnel  A.  Howe 136 

James  B.  Howell 136 

Asahel  W.  Hubbard 137 

Elbert  H.  Hubbard 137 

Nathaniel  M.  Hubbard 137 

Silas  A.  Hudson 138 

Joseph  C.  Hughes 138 

John  A.  T.  Hull 139 

John  D.  Hunter 139 

James  S.  Hurley 140 

Stilson   Hutchins 140 

James  G.  Hutchison 141 


PAGE 

Harvey    Ingham 141 

William  H.  Ingham 142 

John  P.  Irish 142 

John  N.   Irwin 143 

Norman  W.  Isbell 143 

Charles  J.  Ives 144 

Frank  D.  Jackson 144 

Berryman    Jennings 145 

Edward   Johnston 145 

George  W.  Jones 146 

Edmimd  L.  Joy 147 

\\  illiam  L.  Joy 147 

Joseph  M.  Junkin 148 

William  W.  Junkin 148 

John  L.  Kamrer 149 

John  A.  Kasson 149 

Benjamin  F.  Keables 151 

John  H.  Keatley 151 

Racine  D.  Kellogg 152 

John  C.  Kelly 153 

Daniel  Kerr 153 

Harriet  A.  Ketcham 153 

Charles  R.  Keyes 154 

Lucien  M.  Kilburn 154 

John  King 155 

William  F.  King 155 

La  Vega  G.  Kinne 156 

John  F.  Kinney 156 

William  H.  Kinsman 157 

Samuel  J.  Kirkwood 157 

Charles  W.  Kittredge 158 

Joseph  C.  Ivnapp 159 

John  B.  Ivnoepfler 159 

Frederick  M.  Knoll 159 

John  F.  Laeey , 160 

Scott  M.  Ladd 160 

Jed  Lake 161 

James  T.  Lane 161 

Joseph  R.  Lane 162 

James  L.  Langworthy 162 

William  Larrabee 163 

Henry  W.  Lathrop 163 

Jacob  G.  Lauman 164 


OF  IOWA 


Vll 


PAGE 

Albert  M.  Lea 164 

Joseph  B.  Leake 165 

Antoine  Le  Claire 166 

Henry  W.  Lee 166 

Shepherd  Leffler 167 

Frank   Leverett 167 

Lorenzo  D.  Lewelling 168 

Warner   Lewis 168 

W.  R.  Lewis 169 

James  R.  Lincoln 169 

Charles   Linderman 169 

Mathias    Loras 170 

William    Loughridge 170 

James  M.  Love 170 

Enos  Lowe 171 

Ralph  P.  Lowe 171 

Robert    Lucas 172 

Joseph    Lyman 172 

William  C.  McArthur 173 

Cornelius  G.  McCarthy 173 

Emil  McClain 173 

Moses  A.  McCoid 174 

George  W.  McCrary 174 

James  W.  McDill 175 

W  J   McGee 176 

John  F.  McJunkin 176 

John  McKean 177 

Horace  G.  McMillan 177 

Samuel   McNutt 178 

Smith  McPherson 178 

Alfred  H.  McVey 178 

Cyrus  H.  Mackay 179 

George  F.  Magoon 179 

John  Mahin 179 

Dennis  A.  Mahoney ISO 

Smith  H.  Mallory 181 

Edwin  Manning 301 

Orlando  H.  Manning 181 

Jacques  Marquette 181 

William  B.  Martin 183 

Charles   Mason 183 

Edward  R.  Mason 184 

William  E.  Mason 185 


PAGE 

Sylvester  G.  Matson 185 

Charles  L.  Matthies 185 

Sara  B.  Maxwell 186 

Peter  Melendy 186 

Nathaniel  A.  Merrill 187 

Samuel   Merrill 187 

William  H.  Merritt 188 

John  F.  Merry 189 

Stillman  T.  Meservey 189 

George    Metzgar 189 

John  Meyer 190 

J.  Fred  Myers 190 

Lewis   Miles 191 

Daniel  F.  Miller 191 

Samuel  F.  Miller 191 

William  E.  Miller 192 

James  C.  Milliman 193 

Frederick  D.  Mills 193 

Noah  W.  Mills 194 

Oliver  Mills 194 

Thomas  Mitchell 195 

William  O.  Mitchell 195 

Samuel  A.  Moore 195 

Welcome  Mowry 196 

Charles  W.  Mullan 197 

Samuel    Murdock 197 

Jeremiah  H.  Murphey 197 

John  S.  Murphy 198 

John  A.  Nash 198 

John  R.  Needham 199 

C.  C.  Nestlerode 199 

Joshua  G.  Newbold 199 

John  W.  Noble 200 

Reuben   Noble 201 

Ada  E.  North 201 

Charles  C.  Nourse 202 

Hardin  Nowlin 202 

Maurice  D.  O'Connell 203 

Henry    O'Connor 203 

Addison  Oliver 204 

Jackson  Orr 204 

Herbert   Osborne 205 

Stephen  B.  Packard 206 


Vlll 


HISTORY 


PAGE 

David  J.  Palmer 206 

Francis  W.  Palmer 207 

Jonathan  W.  Parker 207 

Leonard  F.  Parker 208 

James  C.  Parrott 208 

Matt  Parrott 209 

John  A.  Parvin 209 

Theodore  S.  Parvin 210 

William   Patterson 211 

Emlen  G.  Penrose 211 

Charles  E.  Perkins 212 

George  D.  Perkins 212 

William  B.  Perrin 213 

Theodore  B.  Perry 213 

Josiah  L.  Pickard 213 

Charles   Pomeroy 214 

Asbury  B.  Porter 214 

Joseph  B.  Powers 214 

Alfred  N.  Poyneer 215 

Henry  0.  Pratt 215 

Gilbert  B.  Pray 215 

Isaac  M.  Preston 216 

Hiram   Price 216 

Solomon  F.  Prouty 217 

William  H.  M.  Piisey 217 

John  W.  Rankin 218 

Levi  B.  Raymond 218 

Wilbur  A.  Reaser 219 

Joseph  R.  Reed 219 

Hugh  T.  Reid 219 

Robert  C.  Reiniger 220 

Milton  Remley 220 

Elliott  W.  Rice 221 

Samuel  A.  Rice 221 

A.  P.  Richardson 221 

David  N.  Richardson 222 

Jacob  S.  Richman 223 

Benjamin  S.  Roberts 223 

George  E.  Roberts 223 

Gifford  S.  Robinson 224 

Lewis  W.  Ross 225 

George  W.  Ruddick 225 

John  N.  W.  Rumple 225 


PAGE 

Nicholas  J.  Rusch 226 

Edward    Russell 226 

John  Russell 227 

David   Ryan 228 

Henry  Sabin 228 

Mary  A.  Safford 228 

William    Salter 229 

Ezekiel  S.  Sampson 230 

Addison  H.  Sanders 230 

Alfred    Sanders 231 

James  H.  Sanders 232 

James  P.  Sanford 232 

William  F.  Sapp 233 

Alvin   Saunders 233 

Charles  A.  Schaflfer 233 

William  O.  Schmidt 234 

Henry  P.  Scholte 235 

John   Scott 235 

William  A.  Scott 236 

Eugene  Secor 237 

Edward  P.  Seeds 237 

Homer  H.   Seerley 238 

John  J.  Seerley 238 

William  H.  Seevers 238 

Cato   Sells 238 

Elijah    Sells 239 

Joshua  M.  Shaffer 239 

Benjamin  F.  Shambaugh 240 

John  Shane 240 

Albert   Shaw 241 

Leslie  M.   Shaw 241 

William  T.  Shaw 242 

Stephen  B.  Shelledy 242 

Buren  R.  Sherman 243 

Hoyt    Sherman 243 

John  C.   Sherwin 244 

James  H.  Shields 244 

John  G.  Shields 244 

Oliver  P.  Shiras 215 

Christian  W.  Slagle 245 

Robert  Sloan 301 

Hiram  Y.  Smith 245 

Lewis  H.  Smith 246 


OF  IOWA 


IX 


PAGE 

Milo  Smith 246 

Eoderick  A.  Smith 246 

Walter  I.  Smith 247 

William  R.  Smith 247 

Robert   Smyth 248 

William  Smyth 248 

Francis    Springer 248 

Frank    Springer 249 

Edgar  W.  Stanton 250 

Thaddeus  H.  Stanton 250 

John  L.  Stevens 251 

Edward  H.  Stiles 251 

Lacon  D.  Stockton 251 

George  A.  Stone 252 

John  Y.  Stone 252 

Joseph  C.  Stone 252 

William  M.  Stone 253 

Henry  L.  Stout 253 

Joseph  M.  Street 254 

George  R.  Struble 254 

Isaac  S.  Struble 254 

Daniel  P.  Stubbs 255 

Samuel  W.  Summers 255 

Adeline  M.  Swain 256 

Albert  W.  Swalm 256 

Pauline  G.  Swalm 257 

Joseph  H.  Sweney 257 

Richard  H.  Sylvester 257 

Stephen  J.  W.  Tabor 258 

Hawkins    Taylor 259 

William  H.  Tedford 259 

John  Teesdale 259 

Edward  A.  Temple 260 

Marcellus  L.  Temple 260 

Edward  H.  Thayer 261 

Lot  Thomas 261 

James  K.  P.  Thompson 261 

William  Thompson 262 

William  G.  Thompson 262 

James   Thorington 263 

Rodney  W.  Tirrill 264 

George  M.  Titus 264 

Lewis  Todhunter 265 


PAGE 

William  M.  G.  Torrenee 265 

Horace  M.  Towner 266 

John  S.  Townsend 302 

Henry  C.  Traverse 266 

James  H.  Trewin 266 

Henry  H.  Trimble 267 

Mathew  M.  Trumbull 268 

John  Q.  Tufts 268 

Asa  Turner 268 

James  M.   Tuttle 269 

Voltaire  P.  Twombly 270 

Nathan  Udell 271 

Thomas  Updegraff 271 

William  Vandever 271 

George  Van  Home 272 

Francis  Varga 272 

Philip  Viele 273 

Henry  Vollmer 273 

Charles  Wachsmuth 273 

Martin  J.  Wade 275 

John  L.  Waite 275 

George  W.   Wakefield 275 

Madison  M.  Walden 275 

William  W.  Walker 276 

John  H.  Wallace 276 

Fitz  Henry  Warren 278 

Charles  M.  Waterman 279 

James  B.  Weaver 279 

Silas  M.  Weaver 281 

Andonijah  S.   Welch 281 

Mary  B.  Welch 282 

Luman  H.  Weller 283 

D.  Franklin  Wells 283 

Clark  R.  Wever 283 

Loring  Wheeler 284 

Charles  A.  White 284 

Frederick  E.  White 285 

Charles  E.  Whiting 285 

Leonard  Whitney 286 

Elias  H.  Williams 286 

Joseph  Williams 287 

J.  Wilson  Williams 287 

William  Williams 287 


HISTOEY  OF  IOWA 


PAGE 

Wilson  G.  Williams 288 

James  A.  Williamson 288 

David  S.   Wilson 289 

James  Wilson 289 

James  F.  Wilson 290 

Thomas  S.  Wilson 290 

Walter  C.  Wilson 291 

Edward  F.  Winslow 291 

Thomas  F.  Withrow 292 

Annie  T.  Wittenmyer 292 

William  P.  Wolfe 293 


PAGE 

Marcus  C.  Woodruff 294 

Joseph  J.  Woods 294 

William  G.  Woodward 295 

John  S.  Woolson 295 

Ed   Wright 295 

George  F.   Wright 296 

George  G.  Wright 296 

Joseph  A.  0.  Yeoman 297 

Stephen  P.  Yeoman 298 

George  H.  Yewell 298 

Lafayette  Young 299 


LIST       OF      PORTRAITS 


William  B.  Allison Frontispiece 

Austin  Adams Facing  page  1 

Mary  N.  Adams Facing  page  2 

Charles  Aldrich Facing  page  3 

A.  K.  Bailey Facing  page  10 

Joseph  M.  Beck Facing  page  16 

George  W.  Bemis • Facing  page  18 

William  H.  Berry 19 

James  G.  Berryhill Facing  page  20 

Samuel  L.  Bestow Facing  page  21 

Lucian  C.  Blanchard Facing  page  22 

Amelia  J.  Bloomer Facing  page  23 

Ambrose  A.  Call Facing  page  37 

Martha  C.  Callanan Facing  page  38 

James  Callanan Facing  page  39 

William  L.  Carpenter Facing  page  43 

Phineas  M.  Casady Facing  page  44 

Charles  A.  Clark Facing  page  48 

James  S.  Clark Facing  page  49 

Coker  F.  Clarkson Facing  page  54 

James  S.  Clarkson , Facing  page  54 

Richard  P.  Clarkson Facing  page  54 

Lorenzo  S.  Coffin Facing  page  55 

Chester  C.  Cole Facing  page  56 

Edwin  H.  Conger Facing  page  57 

James  P.  Connor Facing  page  58 

Philip  M.  Crapo Facing  page  62 

Charles  F.  Curtiss Facing  page  65 

George  M.  Curtis Facing  page  66 

Mark  A.  Dashiell Facing  page  67 

Horace  E.  Deemer Facing  page  70 

John  F.  Dillon Facing  page  73 

Jacob  W.  Dixon Facing  page  75 

Jonathan  P.  Dolliver Facing  page  78 

Warren  S.  Dungan Facing  page  81 

Willard  L.  Eaton Facing  page  84 

Ezra  C.  Ebersole Facing  page  85 


xii  HISTORY 

Joseph  Eiboeck Facing  page    86 

David  S.  Fairchild Facing  page    88 

Sewell  S.  Farwell Facing  page    89 

Robert  S.  Finkbine Facing  page    92 

Alice  French Facing  page    94 

WilHam  E.  Fuller    Facing  page    95 

Ambrose  C.  Fulton Facing  page    96 

Abraham  B.  Funk Facing  page    97 

Harriet  F.  Gear Facing  page  100 

Charles  C.  Oilman Facing  page  103 

George  L.  Godfrey Facing  page  104 

Barlow  Granger Facing  page  106 

James  Grant Facing  page  107 

Benjamin  F.  Gue Facing  page  111 

Moses  M.  Ham Facing  page  116 

William  C.  Hayward Facing  page  122 

Herman  C.  Hemenway Facing  page  125 

Gershom  H.  Hill Facing  page  131 

Alfred  N.  Hobson Facing  page  132 

James  B.  Howell Facing  page  136 

Elbert  H.  Hubbard Facing  page  137 

John  A.  T.  Hull , Facing  page  139 

Stilson  Hutchins Facing  page  140 

James  G.  Hutchison Facing  page  141 

Harvey  Ingham Facing  page  142 

John  P.  Irish Facing  page  143 

Charles  J.  Ives Facing  page  144 

Joseph  M.  Junkin Facing  page  148 

Benjamin  F.  Keables Facing  page  151 

Daniel  Kerr 153 

La  Vega  G.  Kinne , Facing  page  156 

John  F.  Lacey Facing  page  160 

James  T.  Lane Facing  page  161 

Joseph  R.  Lane Facing  page  162 

W.  R.  Lewis Facing  page  169 

Charles  Linderman Facing  page  170 

Emil  McClain Facing  page  173 

Moses  A.  McCoid Facing  page  174 


OF  IOWA  xiii 

George  W.  McCrary  .......    Facing  page  175 

James  W.  McDill Facing  page  176 

Horace  G.  McMillan Facing  page  177 

Smith  McPherson Facing  page  178 

Alfred  H.  McVey Facing  page  179 

Edwin  Manning Facing  page  301 

Sara  B.  Maxwell Facing  page  186 

John  F.  Merry Facing  page  189 

Stillman  T.  Meservey Facing  page  190 

Samuel  F.  Miller Facing  page  191 

Welcome  Mowry Facing  page  196 

Charles  W.  Mullan , Facing  page  197 

Ada  E.  North Facing  page  201 

Henry  O'Connor Facing  page  203 

Stephen  B.  Packard Facing  page  206 

Francis  W.  Palmer Facing  page  207 

Leonard  F.  Parker Facing  page  208 

Emlen  G.  Penrose Facing  page  211 

George  D.  Perkins Facing  page  212 

Theodore  B.  Perry Facing  page  213 

Gilbert  B.  Pray Facing  page  215 

Joseph  R.  Reed Facing  page  219 

David  N.  Richardson Facing  page  222 

George  E.  Roberts Facing  page  223 

Gifford  S.  Robinson Facing  page  224 

John  Russell Facing  page  227 

Henry  Sabin Facing  page  228 

Mary  A.  Safford Facing  page  229 

Eugene  Secor Facing  page  237 

Cato  Sells Facing  page  238 

Hoyt  Sherman Facing  page  243 

James  H.  Shields Facing  page  244 

Oliver  P.  Shiras Facing  page  245 

Robert  Sloan Facing  page  301 

Edgar  W.  Stanton Facing  page  250 

John  L.  Stevens Facing  page  251 

George  R.  Struble Facing  page  254 

Daniel  P.  Stubbs Facing  page  255 


xiv  HISTORY  OF  IOWA 

Adeline  M.  Swain , Facing  page  256 

Marcellus  L.  Temple Facing  page  260 

Rodney  W.  Tirrill Facing  page  264 

George  M.  Titus Facing  page  265 

James  H.  Trewin Facing  page  266 

Henry  Vollmer Facing  page  273 

John  H.  Wallace Facing  page  276 

Andonijah  S.  Welch Facing  page  281 

Mary  B.  Welch Facing  page  282 

Frederick  E.  White Facing  page  285 

James  Wilson Facing  page  289 

James  F.  Wilson Facing  page  290 

John  S.  Woolson .Facing  page  295 

George  H.  Yewell Facing  page  298 


PREFACE 

A  STATE  or  Nation  is  in  a  large  degree  what 
its  people  make  it.  If  they  are  ignorant,  in- 
dolent, or  bigoted  the  institutions  of  the  land 
in  which  they  live  will  partake  of  these  char- 
"  acteristics.  Had  Iowa  remained  a  Spanish 
possession  and  become  settled  by  immigrants 
from  that  Nation,  they  would  inevitably  have  planted  upon 
its  soil  many  of  the  institutions,  laws  and  customs  of  the 
mother  country.  The  influence  of  its  early  inliabitants 
would  have  been  stamped  upon  its  laws,  educational  in- 
stitutions, social  condition  and  religious  tendencies.  Its 
status  in  the  beginning  of  the  Twentieth  Century  would 
not  have  been  dissimilar  to  that  of  New  or  Old  Mexico, 
or  the  South  American  nations.  But  fortunately  the  far- 
seeing  wisdom  of  the  Jefferson  administration  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  Nineteenth  Century  ordained  a  better  des- 
tiny for  Iowa.  The  acquisition  of  Louisiana  by  the 
Republic  of  the  United  States  more  than  doubled  the 
extent  of  its  territory  and  preserved  its  vast  domain  from 
European  occupation  for  all  time,  dedicating  its  millions 
of  acres  to  homes  for  our  growing  population.  Almost 
immediately  after  the  acquisition  of  the  Louisiana  Pur- 
chase the  most  adventurous  people  of  the  then  western 
States  and  Territories  began  to  seek  homes  in  the  new 
possession.  Spanish  and  French  rule  was  ended  and  the 
self-reliant  young  men  of  the  new  Nation,  which  had  re- 
cently won  independence  from  the  strongest  government 
of  Europe,  began  to  cross  the  Mississippi  River  and  grad- 
ually dominated  the  new  Territory.  The  Indians  were 
crowded  farther  westward  by  adventurers  and  home-seek- 
ers and  before  the  middle  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  new 


xvi  HISTORY 

States  were  coming  into  the  Union,  created  from  the  wild 
lands  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase. 

The  first  settlers  in  the  Black  Hawk  Purchase  were 
largely  from  the  immediate  valley  of  the  Ohio  River  and 
Missouri.  Many  came  to  a  land  dedicated  by  the  Missouri 
Compromise  to  freedom  from  slavery,  because  of  its  dedi- 
cation to  freedom.  They  preferred  homes  where  labor 
was  honorable  and  bore  no  badge  of  abject  servitude  to  a 
class  exempt  from  toil. 

While  many  of  them  retained  prejudices  imbibed  from 
environment  in  early  life,  which  found  expression  in 
legislative  acts  in  pioneer  years,  as  the  immigration 
from  New  England,  New  York,  northern  Ohio  and  Mich- 
igan increased,  the  policy  of  local  government  and  free 
schools  gradually  became  engrafted  upon  the  statute 
books.  Race  prejudice  was  slowly  overcome,  liberal  sup- 
port was  given  to  education  by  public  funds,  a  sound 
banking  system  devised  and  the  restrictions  to  corpora- 
tions so  modified  as  to  encourage  works  of  internal  im- 
provement. The  pioneers  found  a  vast  domain  of  wild 
prairie  and  woodland,  fertile  soil,  navigable  rivers,  abun- 
dant water  power  and  a  genial  climate.  The  foundation 
was  here  for  a  great  and  prosperous  State.  It  devolved 
upon  them  to  develop  its  boundless  resources,  frame  a 
Constitution  and  a  system  of  laws. 

How  well  and  wisely  the  people  of  the  Nineteenth  Cen- 
tury who  occupied  Iowa,  accomplished  this  mission,  has 
been  partially  recorded  in  the  preceding  volumes  of  this 
history.  The  generations  to  come  will  want  to  know  more 
of  the  lives  of  the  leaders  in  the  work  of  founding  the 
State  which,  in  the  opening  years  of  the  Twentieth  Cen- 
tury, has  attained  a  position  among  the  members  of  the 
Union  which  by  general  consent  is  regarded  as  creditable 
to  its  architects.  While  it  would  be  impracticable  to  give 
even  a  brief  sketch  of  the  thousands  who  have  contributed 
to  the  founding  and  develoiDment  of  Iowa  in  the  various 


OF  IOWA  xvii 


lines  of  useful  work,  a  few  hundred  who  have  perhaps 
been  most  prominent  have  been  selected  for  this  volume 
as  representative  men  and  women  in  various  lines  of  work. 
Realizing  the  importance  of  having  the  counsel  of  some 
of  the  most  competent  citizens  of  the  State  in  making  these 
selections,  several  years  ago  the  author  consulted  General 
George  W.  Jones,  Ex-Senator  James  Harlan,  Judge 
George  G.  Wright  and  Theodore  S.  Parvin,  who  Idndly 
assisted  in  designating  the  persons  who  should  not  be 
omitted.  Since  that  time  as  others  have  attained  promi- 
nence, Charles  Aldrich  and  Willia^m  H.  Fleming  have 
assisted  in  making  additions  to  the  list  first  selected. 

Lawmakers,  State  and  National,  including  those  who 
have  been  chosen  to  execute,  construe  and  administer  the 
laws,  occupy  a  large  place  in  history.  Educators,  journal- 
ists, reformers,  authors,  artists,  scientists  and  founders 
of  benevolent  and  reformatory  institutions  have  attained 
eminence  in  our  State.  Military  achievements  in  the  wars 
which  have  called  our  citizens  from  peaceful  pursuits, 
both  by  officers  and  private  soldiers,  have  brought  addi- 
tional honors  to  Iowa  people. 

In  the  representative  citizens  of  these  different  classes 
selected  for  biographical  sketches,  the  reader  may  follow 
the  brief  record  of  nativity,  educational  opportunities, 
occupation  and  special  work  which  has  brought  the  vari- 
ous individuals  into  public  notice  It  is  especially  inter- 
esting to  observe  what  a  large  majority  of  those  who  have 
attained  State-wide  prominence  in  every  line  of  useful 
work,  belonged  to  the  middle  classes  who  have  relied  en- 
tirely upon  their  own  industry,  perseverance  and  per- 
sonal determination  for  the  success  achieved.  Nearly  all 
have  been  workers,  rising  slowly  step  by  step,  attaining 
the  positions  sought  without  the  aid  of  wealth  or  influ- 
ential friends.  Thousands  of  others  are  yearly  pursuing 
a  similar  course  with  a  prospect  of  equal  success. 


xviii  HISTORY  OF  IOWA 

Upward  of  six  hundred  of  the  most  prominent  people 
of  the  first  half  century  of  our  State  are  here  represented 
in  brief  biography;  a  few  have  left  no  attainable  data 
from  which  such  sketches  can  be  prepared,  and  a  few  have 
failed  to  furnish  such  data,  though  still  living.  If  other 
editions  of  this  work  shall  be  demanded,  additions  to  the 
biographical  volume  will  be  made  from  those  who  are 
continually  coming  into  prominence. 


^,/U./^:^cc<^  tyf-a^a^c^^ 


IOWA  BIOGRAPHY 

Sketches  of  Notable  Men  and  Women  op  the  State 

CHARLES  H.  ABBOTT  was  born  in  Concord,  New  Hampshire,  Janu- 
ary 25,  1819.  After  completing  his  education  he  started  west,  stopping 
in  Michigan.  In  1850  he  came  to  Iowa  and  settled  in  Louisa  County,  but 
later  removed  to  Muscatine,  where  he  engaged  in  farming,  banking  and 
real  estate  business.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  Thirtieth  Iowa  Volun- 
teer Infantry  in  the  summer  of  1862,  Mr.  Abbott  was  appointed  colonel  of 
the  regiment  and  at  once  took  command.  He  participated  in  the  Battle 
of  Chickasaw  Bayou,  and  while  leading  his  regiment  in  the  assault  upon 
Vieksburg,  May  22,  1863,  was  killed. 

ALONZO  ABERNETHY  was  born  April  14,  1836,  in  Sandusky 
County,  Ohio.  His  early  education  was  received  in  the  public  schools  of 
that  State.  In  March,  1854,  he  came  with  his  father's  family  to  Fayette 
County,  Iowa.  He  entered  the  Chicago  University,  leaving  the  senior 
class  in  August,  1861,  to  enlist  in  the  Ninth  Iowa  Infantry  as  a  private. 
He  was  engaged  in  seventeen  battles  and  won  rapid  promotion,  attaining 
the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  before  the  regiment  was  mustered  out.  In 
1865  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  Eleventh  Gen- 
eral Assembly  from  Fayette  County.  In  1870  he  removed  to  Denison,  in 
Crawford  County,  but  was  soon  chosen  president  of  Des  Moines  College. 
In  1871  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  Superintendent  of  Public 
Instruction,  serving  six  years  by  reelections.  He  was  largely  instrumental 
in  securing  the  enactment  of  the  laws  providing  for  Teachers'  Normal  In- 
stitutes and  the  establishment  of  a  State  Normal  School.  In  September, 
1876,  he  resigned  his  office  to  accept  the  presidency  of  the  University  of 
Chicago.  After  two  years'  service  he  made  a  trip  to  Europe  and  upon  his 
return  made  his  home  on  a  farm  near  Denison.  In  July,  1881,  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Cedar  Valley  Seminary  at  Osage.  Colonel  Aber- 
nethy  has  long  ranked  among  the  eminent  educators  of  the  State. 

AUSTIN  ADAMS  was  born  at  Andover,  Vermont,  May  24,  1826.  He 
worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  fourteen  years  of  age,  attending  the 
district  school  during  the  winter  months.  He  prepared  for  college  at 
Black  River  Academy,  teaching  school  winters  from  the  time  he  was 
sixteen,  to  assist  in  defraying  expenses  through  college.  Entering  Dart- 
mouth he  graduated  in  1848.     While  pursuing  his  legal  studies  he  served 

[Vol.  4] 


HISTORY 


five  years  as  principal  of  West  Randolph  Academy.  In  1853  he  attended 
Harvard  Law  School  and  the  following  year  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
entering  into  partnership  with  Ex-Governor  Coolidge.  Mr.  Adams  soon 
removed  to  the  far  West,  becoming  a  resident  of  Dubuque,  Iowa,  in  July, 
1854.  There  he  began  the  practice  of  law,  also  took  an  active  part  in 
promoting  public  education,  assisting  at  Teachers'  Institutes.  He  was  a 
prominent  speaker  in  the  first  Republican  campaign  in  Iowa.  In  one  of 
his  addresses  he  said: 

"  If  the  day  has  come  that  John  C.  Fremont  or  any  other  man  in  the 
country  cannot  be  elected  President  without  that  election  destroying  the 
Government,  then  we  have  no  republican  government." 

In  1855  and  in  1861  he  delivered  courses  of  lectures  to  raise  funds 
for  the  establishment  of  a  public  library.  Attending  the  famous  discus- 
sion in  1858  between  Abraham  Lincoln  and  Stephen  A.  Douglas  at  Galena, 
Judge  Adams  remarked  of  Mr.  Lincoln: 

"  I  have  heard  the  greatest  man  I  ever  listened  to ;  he  ought  to  be 
our  next  President." 

In  1875  Mr.  Adams  was  elected  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  and 
became  Chief  Justice  in  1880.  At  the  close  of  his  first  term  he  was 
reelected,  Serving  a  period  of  twelve  years,  again  becoming  Chief  Justice 
in  1886.  He  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  State  University  and  was  one  of 
the  Regents  for  sixteen  years.  He  was  also  a  Law  Lecturer  in  the  in- 
stitution from  1875,  as  long  as  he  lived.  The  students  of  the  Law  School 
spoke  of  Judge  Adams  as  the  intensely  practical  lawyer  who  taught 
largely  by  illustration.  He  was  the  sympathetic  friend  of  young  people. 
In  1883  Dartmouth  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  In 
1886,  as  Chief  Justice,  he  presided  over  the  opening  of  the  new  Supreme 
Court  rooms  in  the  recently  completed  State  House.  Judge  Adams  was 
an  earnest  advocate  of  the  study  of  law  for  women  and  always  welcomed 
them  to  the  lecture  room  at  the  State  University.  He  was  the  first 
Chief  Justice  to  admit  a  woman  to  practice  in  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Iowa  and  spoke  in  the  highest  terms  of  the  manner  in  which  she  tried 
a  case  at  the  time  she  was  admitted.  Judge  Adams  retired  from  the 
bench  at  the  close  of  his  second  term,  and  died  in  Dubuque  on  the  17th 
of  October,  1890. 

MARY  NEWBURY  ADAMS,  wife  of  Judge  Austin  Adams,  was  born 
at  Peru,  Indiana,  October  17,  1837.  Her  ancestors  had  been  for  genera- 
tions in  public  life  in  New  England,  five  of  whom  had  been  Governors, 
Her  parents  removed  to  the  West  and  her  childhood  was  passed  in  a  log 
cabin  amid  the  wilderness  of  towering  black  walnut  trees,  surrounded  by 
Indir>TT=  with  whom  the  family  lived  on  terms  of  friendship.     The  older 


MARY  NEWBERRY  ADAMS 


OF   IOWA 


sister  of  Mrs.  Adams  became  the  wife  of  Governor  John  J.  Bagley  of 
Michigan.  Her  early  education  was  received  from  her  mother,  but  after 
the  family  removed  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  Mary  enjoyed  the  privilege  of 
entering  the  classes  of  Emerson  E.  White,  who  was  one  of  the  great  educa- 
tors of  the  State.  When  eighteen  she  graduated  from  the  Emma  Willard 
Seminary  at  Troy,  New  York,  and  at  nineteen  was  married  to  Austin 
Adams,  a  talented  young  lawyer.  They  came  to  Iowa,  making  their  home 
in  Dubuque.  Both  were  students  of  science,  history,  philosophy  and  poetry. 
Mrs.  Adams  was  one  of  the  earliest  and  most  enthusiastic  advocates  of 
the  advancement  of  women,  and  was  a  leader  in  the  progressive  move- 
ments of  the  times.  She  was  one  of  the  original  members  of  the  Associa- 
tion for  the  Advancement  of  Women,  of  the  Social  Science  Association, 
the  Anthropological  Society,  National  Science  Association,  Woman  Suff- 
rage Association,  American  Historical  Association,  the  Federation  of 
Women's  Clubs  and  many  other  progressive  and  scientific  organizations. 
She  was  an  accomplished  public  speaker  and  addressed  various  associa- 
tions and  meetings  throughout  the  country  on  subjects  in.  which  she  was 
deeply  interested.  She  was  chairman  of  the  historical  committee  of  the 
Columbian  Exposition  at  Chicago  in  1893.  Mrs.  Adams  died  at  Dubuque, 
August  5,  1901. 

LUCIAN  L.  AINSWORTH  was  born  in  Madison  County,  New  York, 
on  the  2l8t  of  June,  1831.  He  acquired  a  liberal  education,  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1854.  Mr.  Ainsworth  came  to  Iowa  in 
August,  1855,  locating  at  West  Union  in  Fayette  County  where  he  opened 
a  law  office.  He  soon  attained  high  rank  in  the  profession  and  in  1859 
was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  for  State  Senator  in  the  district  com- 
posed of  the  counties  of  Fayette  and  Bremer.  He  made  a  vigorous  can- 
vass, overcame  the  Republican  majority  and  was  elected,  serving  four 
years  with  marked  ability.  In  1862  Mr.  Ainsworth  raised  a  company  for 
the  Sixth  Cavalry,  of  which  he  was  appointed  captain.  In  1871  Captain 
Ainsworth  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature,  serving  two  years  in  the 
House.  In  1874  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  of  the  Third  District 
for  Congress  and  by  his  personal  popularity  overcame  the  Republican  ma- 
jority of  nearly  2,000  and  was  the  first  Democrat  elected  to  Congress 
from  Iowa  in  twenty  years.     He  died  in  April,  1902. 

CHARLES  ALDRICH  was  born  at  Ellington,  Chautauqua  County, 
New  York,  October  2,  1828.  He  attended  the  public  schools  and  for  one 
year  was  a  student  at  Jamesto\vn  Academy.  In  1846  he  entered  a  print- 
ing office,  learned  the  trade,  and  in  1850  estaolished  a  paper  at  Randolph. 
In  1857  he  removed  to  Iowa  and  located  at  the  then  frontier  town  of 
Webster  City,  Hamilton  Coimty,  where  he  established  the  Hamiltoji  Free- 
man in  May  of  that  year.     In    1860  he  was    chosen   Chief   Clerk   of   the 


HISTORY 


House  of  Representatives  of  the  Eighth  General  Assembly  and  in  1862  was 
reelected.  In  September  of  that  year  he  entered  the  military  service  as 
adjutant  of  the  Thirty-second  Infantry  Regiment,  serving  a  year  and  a 
half.  In  1865  he  became  editor  of  the  Dubuque  Daily  Times  and  in  1866 
purchased  the  Marshall  Times  which  he  conducted  for  about  three  years. 
He  again  served  as  chief  clerk  of  the  House  in  1866  and  1870.  In  1872 
he  was  appointed  one  of  the  commissioners  to  investigate  the  claims  of 
the  settlers  on  the  lands  embraced  in  the  Des  Moines  River  grant.  When 
Congress  provided  for  a  commission  to  examine  into  these  claims  Mr. 
Aldrich  was  one  of  the  members.  In  1875  he  served  on  the  Hay  den  Geo- 
logical Survey  in  the  western  Territories.  In  1881  he  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  the  Nineteenth  General  Assembly  from  Hamilton  County  and 
was  the  author  and  advocate  of  a  bill  to  prohibit  the  use  of  free  railroad 
passes  by  public  officials.  In  1887  he  was  instrumental  in  having  a  tablet 
placed  in  the  court-house  of  Hamilton  County,  on  which  were  inscribed  the 
names  of  the  members  of  the  company  from  that  county  which,  in  1857, 
marched  to  the  relief  of  the  survivors  of  the  Spirit  Lake  Massacre.  At 
the  assembly  gathered  upon  that  occasion  a  large  amount  of  valuable 
historical  material  was  secured  in  the  addresses  of  several  of  the  chief 
actors  in  that  great  tragedy.  From  early  life  Mr.  Aldrich  was  ft  collector 
of  autographs  of  notable  persons  and  during  Governor  Sherman's  ad- 
ministration he  conceived  the  idea  of  making  his  collection  the  nucleus 
of  a  historical  department  for  the  State.  He  was  granted  space  in  the 
State  Library  where  he  worked  for  several  years  in  collecting  manu- 
Bcripts,  photographs,  files  of  early  newspapers  and  historical  documents 
of  value  which  were  recognized  by  legislative  action  and  became  the  foun- 
dation of  the  Historical  Department  established  in  1892  of  which  Mr. 
Aldrich  was  appointed  Curator.  He  has  since  given  his  entire  time  to  the 
upbuilding  of  this  department  and  conducting  the  Annals  of  Iowa  a  his- 
torical publication  which  was  established  in  1863.  He  was  one  of  the 
Commissioners  appointed  by  the  State  in  1895  to  erect  a  monument  to  the 
memory  of  the  victims  of  the  Spirit  Lake  Massacre.  In  addition  to  many 
years'  work  in  journalism,  Mr.  Aldrich  has  been  a  frequent  contributor 
to  scientific  and  historical  publications. 

WILLIAM  V.  ALLEN  was  born  in  Midway,  Madison  County,  Ohio, 
on  the  28th  of  January,  1847,  He  attended  the  public  schools  in  Ohio  and 
Iowa  and  finally  the  Upper  Iowa  University  but  did  not  take  a  full 
college  course.  His  father  removed  with  his  family  to  Iowa  in  1857,  mak- 
ing his  home  on  a  farm  near  Nevada.  When  the  War  of  the  Rebellion 
began  William,  who  was  but  fourteen  years  af  age,  enlisted  in  the  Four- 
teenth Regiment  of  Volunteers.  He  was  rejected  at  the  mustering  in  of 
the  regiment  on  account  of  his  youth.  In  August,  1862,  he  again  en- 
listed in  Company  G,  Thirty-second  Iowa  Infantry,  was  accepted  and  served 


OF   IOWA 


to  the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  in  all  of  the  marches  and  battles  of 
this  regiment  and  the  last  few  months  was  on  the  staff  of  General 
James  I.  Gilbert.  At  the  close  of  the  war,  Mr.  Allen  read  law  with  L. 
L.  Ainsworth  at  West  Union,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1869  and  at 
once  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1884  he  removed 
to  Madison,  Nebraska,  and  in  1891  was  nominated  by  the  Populist  party 
for  judge  of  the  Ninth  Judicial  District  and  elected.  In  February,  1893, 
he  was  elected  by  a  union  of  the  Populists  and  Democrats  to  a  seat  in  the 
United  States  Senate.  As  a  judge  he  had  acquired  a  State-wide  reputa- 
tion and  in  the  Senate  he  soon  attained  high  rank  in  debate  and  waa  the 
acknowledged  leader  of  his  party  in  Congress.  He  served  six  years  in  the 
Senate,  and  upon  the  expiration  of  his  term  was  appointed  judge  of  his 
old  district  where  he  served  until  December  13,  when  he  was  appointed 
United  States  Senator  to  fill  the  term  of  Senator  Hayward  whose  death 
had  caused  a  vacancy.  Mr.  Allen  has  served  as  chairman  of  four  State 
Conventions  of  his  party  in  Nebraska  and  was  president  of  the  National 
Convention  at  St.  Louis  in  1896. 

WILLIAM  B.  ALLISON  was  born  in  Wayne  County,  Ohio,  March  2, 
1829.  He  worked  on  his  father's  farm  summers  and  attended  school 
^-inters  until  the  age  of  sixteen  when  he  entered  the  Academy  at  Wooster. 
Later  he  spent  a  year  in  Meadville  College  and  one  at  Western  Reserve 
College  at  Hudson,  Ohio.  He  then  studied  law  and  in  1852  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  of  Wayne  Coimty  and  began  practice  in  Ashland.  In  April, 
1857,  he  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Dubuque,  and  two  years  later  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Republican  State  Convention  which  nominated  Samuel  J. 
Kirkwood  for  Governor.  In  1860  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Re- 
publican Convention  which  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for  President,  act- 
ing as  one  of  the  secretaries.  When  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  began,  Mr. 
Allison  was  appointed  a  member  of  Governor  Kirkwood's  staff  to  assist  in 
organizing  the  volunteer  service.  In  1862  he  was  elected  to  Congress  in 
the  Third  District  and  was  three  times  reelected,  serving  until  1871.  In 
1865  he  became  a  member  of  the  committee  of  ways  and  means  and 
entered  upon  a  career  which  eventually  made  him  authority  on  financial 
legislation.  In  1870  he  was  a  prominent  candidate  for  United  States 
Senator  but  was  not  successful.  In  1872  he  was  again  a  candidate,  was 
nominated  over  Senator  Harlan  and  elected,  taking  his  seat  in  the  Senate 
March  4,  1873.  Mr.  Allison  was  appointed  on  the  committee  on  appro- 
priations of  which  he  became  chairman  in  1881.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  Indian  affairs  from  1875  to  1881,  and  chairman  of  the  joint 
committee  of  investigation  of  the  affairs  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  in 
which  capacity  he  wrote  a  report  which  was  embodied  in  a  bill  that  has 
since  constituted  the  municipal  government.  He  has  been  a  member  of 
the   Senate   finance   committee    since   1877    and   was   largely   instrumental 


6  HISTOEY 


in  perfecting  the  act  of  Congress  known  as  the  Bland-Allison  bill,  which 
was  a  compromise  between  the  advocates  of  a  single  gold  standard  and 
free  coinage  of  silver.  The  bill,  after  a  long  discussion,  passed  both 
houses  of  Congress  but  was  vetoed  by  President  Hayes.  It  was  passed 
over  the  veto,  and  under  its  provisions  370,000,000  silver  dollars  were 
coined  before  it  was  changed  by  the  act  of  1890.  When  our  Government 
made  provision  for  an  international  conference  in  1892,  Senator  Allison 
was  chosen  by  President  Harrison  as  chairman  on  behalf  of  the  United 
States.  When  the  legislation  of  1900  on  the  currency  was  under  con- 
sideration by  Congress,  Senator  Allison  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
debates  and  the  formulation  of  the  law  known  as  the  Currency  Act  of 
March  14th,  which  provided  for  a  permanent  reserve  sufficient  to  make 
certain  the  convertibility  of  all  forms  of  money  into  gold  at  the  will  of 
the  holder.  Senator  Allison  had  a  large  share  in  shaping  the  tariff 
legislation  since  1877,  and  especially  the  revision  of  the  tariff  which  fol- 
lowed the  report  of  the  Tarifif  Commission  of  1882.  He  has  long  been 
at  the  head  of  the  committee  on  appropriations  and  all  expenditures  of 
money  made  by  Congress  pass  under  his  scrutiny.  No  Senator  now  a 
member  of  that  body  has  served  so  long  continuously  as  the  senior  Senator 
from  Iowa,  and  no  member  of  either  branch  of  Congress  has  done  so  much 
to  shape  National  legislation  for  the  last  quarter  of  a  century  as  William 
B.  Allison.  Iowa  has  wisely  retained  the  services  of  one  so  influential 
in  the  councils  of  the  country,  and  has  reelected  him  in  1878,  1884,  1890, 
1896  and  again  in  1902.  He  was  strongly  urged  by  President  Garfield 
to  accept  the  position  of  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  and  again  tendered 
the  position  by  President  Harrison  and  was  offered  the  position  of  Sec- 
retary of  State  by  President  McKinley,  but  has  wisely  chosen  to  hold  his 
place  in  the  Senat*.  He  has  been  frequently  mentioned  as  an  available 
candidate  for  President,  and  in  1888  was  as  near  a  nomination  as  any 
candidate  who  was  unsuccessful.  Senator  Hoar  of  Massachusetts  tells  the 
story  of  that  convention  in  Scribner's  Magazine  for  February,  1899.  In 
brief  he  says: 

"  After  several  ineffectual  ballots,  the  Convention  took  a  recess.  A 
meeting  was  held  by  a  number  of  gentlemen  representing  different  dele- 
gations to  see  if  we  could  agree  upon  a  candidate.  Among  these  was 
James  S.  Clarkson,  representing  Mr.  Allison.  Piatt,  Miller,  Depew  and 
Hiscock  represented  the  different  shades  of  opinion  in  New  York,  and  all 
were  present  except  Depew.  Several  names  were  discussed,  and  I  made  a 
very  earnest  speech  in  favor  of  Mr.  Allison.  Finally  all  agreed  that  their 
States  should  vote  for  Allison  when  the  Convention  assembled.  I  suppose 
everybody  in  that  room  when  he  left  it  felt  as  certain  as  of  any  event  in 
the  future  that  Mr.  Allison  would  be  nominated  in  the  Convention.  When 
Mr.  Depew  was  informed  of  our  action  he  said  that  he  had  been  compelled 
to  withdraw  a^  a  candidate  owing  to  the  strong  opposition  of  the  northwest 
from  which  Allison's  chief  support  was  derived.  He  protested  against  allow- 
ing that  section  to  name  the  candidate  for  the  Republican  party.    The  three 


OF  IOWA 


other  New  York  men  therefore  withdrew  from  the  support  of  Allison. 
But  for  this  New  York,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Pennsylvania,  Massachusetts, 
Iowa,  California  and  Missouri  would  have  cast  their  unanimous  votes  for 
Allison  and  his  nomination  would  have  been  assured.  I  think  no  other 
person  ever  came  so  near  the  Presidency  of  the  United  States  and  missed 
it." 

ALBERT  R.  ANDERSON  was  born  in  Adams  County,  Ohio,  Novem- 
ber 8,  1837.  He  attained  prominence  in  his  native  State  before  removing 
to  Taylor  County,  Iowa,  in  1857.  There  he  studied  law  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar,  soon  after  removing  to  Clarinda  where  he  enlisted  at 
the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  in  the  Fourth  Iowa  Infantry.  He  won 
rapid  promotion,  being  commissioned  first  lieutenant  for  gallant  service  at 
the  Battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  became  captain  during  the  siege  of  Vicksburg 
and  assistant  Adjutant-General  during  the  Atlanta  campaign.  Mr.  An- 
derson reached  the  rank  of  major  before  the  close  of  the  war.  Upon 
returning  to  Iowa  after  peace  was  established,  he  became  a  resident  of 
Fremont  Coimty  and  was  soon  appointed  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue 
for  the  Fifth  Congressional  District.  In  1881  he  was  appointed  Railroad 
Commissioner,  serving  until  1884.  In  1886  he  was  elected  Representative 
in  Congress  as  an  independent  Republican.  He  died  at  Hot  Springs,  South 
Dakota,  November  17,  1898. 

DANIEL  ANDERSON  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1821.  He  studied  law, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  in  1843  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Albia,  in 
Monroe  County.  He  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1854  as  "  an  Anti- 
Nebraska  man  "  in  the  district  composed  of  Wapello,  Lucas,  Clarke  and 
Monroe  counties,  serving  two  terms.  Mr.  Anderson  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Republican  party  and  in  1856  was  a  delegate  to  the 
National  Republican  Convention  which  nominated  John  C.  Fremont  for 
President.  Upon  the  beginning  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  he  raised  a 
company  for  the  First  Iowa  Cavalry  of  which  he  was  commissioned  cap- 
tain; in  July,  1862,  he  was  promoted  to  major  and  in  August  following 
became  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  regiment.  In  August,  1863,  he  war  pro- 
moted to  colonel  and  for  some  time  was  in  command  of  a  brigade  until 
his  health  failed  when,  in  May,  1864,  he  resigned  and  returned  to  his 
home  in  Albia.  He  was  an  able  and  gallant  officer  and  universally  es- 
teemed as  a  citizen.  He  resumed  the  practice  of  law  and  died  on  the 
4th  of  February,  1901. 

ALFRED  T.  ANDREAS  was  born  in  Amity,  Orange  County,  New 
York,  May  29,  1839.  After  acquiring  a  liberal  education  he  went  west, 
taught  school  for  some  years  and  engaged  in  several  business  enterprises. 
He  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Twelfth  Illinois  Infantry  and  served  through 
the  war,  fighting  in  a  number  of  the  great  battles.     Mr.  Andreas  located  in 


8  HISTORY 


Davenport,  Iowa,  after  the  restoration  of  peace  and  for  many  years  en- 
gaged in  compiling  and  publishing  county  and  State  atlases.  In  1875 
he  completed  and  published  his  greatest  work,  which  was  an  "  Illustrated 
Historical  Atlas  of  Iowa."  It  was  a  work  involving  a  vast  amount  of 
careful  labor  as  it  contained  large  and  reliable  maps  of  each  of  the 
ninety-nine  counties.  These  maps  contained  a  complete  plat  of  the  sec- 
tion lines  as  well  as  townships,  showing  the  wagon  roads,  railroads,  native 
groves  and  belts  of  woodland,  towns,  cities  and  water  courses  on  a  large 
scale.  It  also  contained  histories  of  the  various  counties,  biographies  and 
portraits  of  the  prominent  State  officials  and  notable  men  of  Iowa.  It 
was  by  far  the  most  useful  and  valuable  publication  made  in  the  State 
up  to  that  time.  It  was  accurate  and  became  an  official  authority  for 
real  estate  dealers,  county  and  State  officers.  Later  Mr.  Andreas  moved 
to  Chicago  and  organized  the  "  Western  Historical  Company,"  and  gave 
his  time  to  historical  writing.  He  died  at  New  Rochelle,  New  York,  Feb- 
ruary  10,  1900. 

ROBERT  B.  ARMSTRONG  was  born  at  Polk  City,  Iowa,  .\ugust  19, 
1873.  He  graduated  at  the  local  high  school  at  the  age  of  fourteen  and 
two  years  later  entered  the  Iowa  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Me- 
chanic Arts,  relying  largely  upon  his  own  resources  in  obtaining  an  edu- 
cation. Meeting  with  an  almost  fatal  accident  he  was  obliged  to  enter  a 
printing  office  to  procure  money  to  continue  his  college  course.  In  1894 
Mr.  Armstrong  secured  a  position  on  the  Des  Moines  Leader  and  later  be- 
came city  editor  of  the  Des  Moines  News.  In  1895  he  went  to  Chicago 
and  soon  obtained  a  position  on  the  Daily  Record,  working  in  the  local  de- 
partment. In  1896  he  came  to  Iowa  as  the  representative  of  the  Chicago 
Record  during  the  political  campaign  in  which  Leslie  M.  Shaw  was  first 
a  candidate  for  Governor.  So  rapidly  had  Mr.  Armstrong  developed  news- 
paper talent  that  in  1898  he  was  sent  to  New  York  to  take  charge  of  the 
eastern  news  and  editorial  matter  for  the  Record.  Attracting  attention 
of  leading  journalists  in  New  York  by  his  marked  newspaper  ability,  in 
1901  he  was  employed  by  the  New  York  Herald  as  chief  of  its  Chicago 
bureau.  After  Governor  Shaw  became  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in  1902, 
he  selected  Robert  B.  Armstrong  as  his  private  secretary,  where  he  de- 
veloped such  unusual  talent  and  practical  business  ability  that  Secretary 
Shaw  secured  his  promotion  to  the  responsible  position  of  Assistant  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury  in  January,  1903. 

CHARLEiS  ASHTON,  pioneer  preacher  and  journalist,  is  a  native  of 
Lincolnshire,  England,  where  he  was  born  June  2,  1823.  His  parents 
emigrated  to  America  in  1832,  locating  on  a  farm  in  Richland  County, 
Ohio.  Three  winter  terms  at  district  school  comprised  his  educational 
advantages.     Early  in  the  fifties  he  became  a  minister  of  the  Methodist 


OF   IOWA 


Episcopal  Church,  and  in  1860  entered  the  itinerant  work.  In  1870  he 
was  transferred  from  the  Central  Ohio  to  the  Des  Moines  Conference, 
preaching  for  nine  years  in  western  Iowa.  Retiring  from  the  ministry  in 
1879,  he  became  editor  of  the  Guthrian,  a  Republican  weekly  newspaper 
published  at  Guthrie  Center.  He  was  the  organizer  and  first  president 
of  the  Guthrie  &  Northwestern  Railway,  now  a  branch  of  the  Rock  Island, 
running  from  Guthrie  Center  to  Menlo.  Mr.  Ashton  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Iowa  Columbian  Commission,  and  as  chairman  of  the 
archaeological,  historical  and  statistical  committee  of  the  Commission  he 
wrote  and  published  the  "Hand  Book  of  Iowa"  of  which  25,000  copies 
were  distributed.  He  was  also  superintendent  of  the  horticultural  exhibit 
and  under  his  direction  Iowa  made  one  of  the  finest  pomological  displays 
at  the  exposition.  Mr.  Ashton  has  ever  been  known  as  an  advocate  of 
sobriety,  good  government  and  the  promotion  of  all  liberal  enterprises. 

WASHINGTON  I.  BABB  was  born  in  Des  Moines  County,  Iowa,  Oc- 
tober 2,   1844.     His  education   was  begun  in  the  public  schools   and  con- 
tinued in  the  Wesleyan  University  at  Mount  Pleasant.     Early   in   1863 
he  enlisted  in  the  Eighth  Iowa  Cavalry,  serving  with  his  regiment  in  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland  until  the  close  of  the  war.     He  took  part  in  the 
Atlanta  campaign,  the  battles  of  Franklin  and  Nashville  and  the  Wilson 
expedition   through    Alabama    and   Georgia.      Upon   his   return   to    Mount 
Pleasant,   Mr.   Babb   reentered  the   University,   graduating   in    1866.     He 
studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  entered  upon  practice  in   1868. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Woolson  &  Babb,  which  for  eighteen 
■  years  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  ablest  in  that  section  of  the  State.     Al- 
though originally  a  Republican,  Mr.  Babb  differed  with  his  party  on  re- 
construction  policy   and   united   with   the   Democrats   after   the   war.      In 
1883  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Twentieth  General  Assembly  in  a 
strong   Republican    county,    serving   as    a    member   of   the   committees    on 
judiciary  and  railroads.     In  1890  he  was  chosen  judge  of  the  Second  Judi- 
cial District,  resuming  practice  upon  leaving  the  bench  in   1895.     When 
the   free  silver   issue  became  prominent  Judge   Babb   was   largely   instru- 
mental in  securing  the  adoption  of  a  sound  money  platform  at  the  Demo- 
cratic State  Convention  of  1895,  which  nominated  him  for  Governor.     In 
1896  he  received  the  Democratic  vote  in  the  General  Assembly  for  United 
States  Senator.     He  adhered  to  the  sound  money  wing  of  the  party  in  the 
campaign  of  1896.     Judge  Babb  has  taken  a  deep  interest  in  education, 
serving  for  more  than  twenty  years  as  a  trustee  of  the  Iowa  Wesleyan 
University,    and   several   years   as   regent  of   the   State  University.     The 
former  institution  has  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 

LYSANDER  W.  BABBITT  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Iowa.     He  was 
born  in  Seneca  County,  New  York,  January  31,  1812,  and  came  to  the  Mis- 


10  HISTORY 


sissippi  valley  in  1836,  locating  at  Burlington,  which  was  then  in  Michigan 
Territory.  In  1838  he  was  appointed  by  General  Henry  Dodge  adjutant  of  a 
regiment  organized  to  protect  the  frontier.  In  1842  he  explored  the  upper 
valley  of  the  Des  Moines  River  and  while  camped  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Raccoon,  predicted  that  the  future  capital  of  the  State  would  be  located 
in  that  vicinity.  In  1844  he  journeyed  with  an  ox  team  to  Knoxville 
where  he  built  a  mill  and  opened  a  store.  In  1848  he  was  elected  on  the 
Democratic  ticket,  Representative  in  the  Legislature  for  the  district  com- 
posed of  Marion,  Jasper,  Polk  and  Dallas,  and  all  of  the  counties  in  that 
tier  to  the  Missouri  River.  He  served  two  terms  in  the  House.  While  a 
member  he*  introduced  and  urged  the  passage  of  a  bill  to  remove  the 
capital  from  Iowa  City  to  Des  Moines,  then  a  new  town  laid  out  upon 
the  spot  where  he  had  camped  six  years  before.  In  1853  he  was  ap- 
pointed Register  of  the  United  States  Land  Office  at  Council  Bluffs  and 
removed  to  that  place.  In  1857  he  purchased  the  Council  Bhiffs  Bugle, 
one  of  the  leading  journals  of  his  party  in  the  State.  In  1859  he  was 
the  Democratic  candidate  for  Lieutenant-Governor  but  was  defeated.  In 
1867  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature.  He  removed  to  Arkansas 
in  1881  where  he  died  October  4,  1885.  He  had  been  one  of  the  influential 
leaders  of  the  Democratic  party  of  Iowa  for  half  a  century. 

A.  K.  BAILEY  was  born  in  Wales,  Erie  County,  New  York,  November 
18,  1835.  After  attending  school  until  he  was  thirteen,  he  entered  his 
father's  office  and  learned  the  printer's  trade.  In  1860  Mr.  Bailey  came 
to  Iowa,  locating  in  Winneshiek  County  and  with  his  father,  Wesley 
Bailey,  founded  the  Decorah  Repuilican.  For  more  than  forty  years  he 
has  remained  vsdth  that  journal  as  one  of  the  editors  and  publishers.  It 
has  long  ranked  among  the  best  weekly  newspapers  in  the  State.  He 
has,  during  that  period,  in  addition  to  conducting  the  Republican,  held 
the  office  of  treasurer  and  recorder  of  the  county,  served  sixteen  years  as 
postmaster  of  Decorah  and  for  four  years,  from  1890  to  1894,  represented 
his  county  in  the  State  Senate.  While  a  member  of  the  Senate  he  was  an 
earnest  advocate  of  the  Australian  ballot  law  and  one  of  the  zealous  sup- 
porters of  the  establishment  of  the  State  Historical  Department.  He  and 
his  father  were  among  the  pioneer  journalists  of  northern  Iowa  and 
widely  known  throughout  the  State  as  among  the  ablest  editors. 

GIDEON  S.  BAILEY  was  born  in  the  State  of  Kentucky  in  1810  and 
came  to  the  "  Black  Hawk  Purchase  "  in  1837,  locating  on  the  west  bank 
of  the  Des  Moines  River  in  Van  Buren  County.  He  was  a  physician  but 
from  boyhood  had  taken  a  deep  interest  in  public  affairs.  When  the  Ter- 
ritory of  Iowa  was  established  in  1838,  Dr.  Bailey,  then  a  young  man  of 
twenty-eight  was  chosen  one  of  the  members  of  the  First  Legislative  As- 
sembly.    He  was  the  author  of  the  first  school  system  established  in  the 


A.  K.  BAILEY 


OF  IOWA  11 


Territory.  As  chairman  of  the  committee  on  schools  he  framed  a  bill, 
which  became  a  law  on  the  24th  of  December,  1838,  providing  for  public 
schools  in  each  county  free  to  all  children  between  the  ages  of  four  and 
twenty-one.  The  bill  also  provided  for  the  building  of  schoolhouses.  Dr, 
Bailey  was  reelected  to  the  House  of  the  Second  Legislative  Assembly  and 
in  1840  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Council  where  he  served  two  terms. 
In  1844  he  was  a  member  of  the  First  Constitutional  Convention.  In  1845 
he  was  appointed  by  the  President  United  States  Marshal  for  Iowa.  In 
1857  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  in  the  Seventh  and  Eighth 
General  Assemblies.  This  honored  pioneer  lawmaker,  who  helped  to  frame 
the  first  statutes  and  first  Constitution,  has  long  been  the  only  survivor 
of  the  earliest  legislators  and  has  lived  to  witness  the  marvelous  develop- 
ment of  the  educational  system  he  helped  to  found  in  the  First  Territorial 
Legislature  of  Iowa.  He  was  for  forty  years  one  of  the  trusted  leaders  of 
the  Democratic  party  of  the  State. 

JAMES  BAKER  was  born  in  Gallatin  County,  Kentucky,  December 
25,  1823.  His  father  removed  to  Shelbyville,  Indiana,  where  the  son  re- 
ceived his  education.  In  1852  he  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Bloomfield  in 
Davis  County,  where  he  studied  law  and  entered  into  partnership  with 
his  brother-in-law,  H.  H.  Trimble.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War 
Mr.  Baker  entered  the  volunteer  service  and  received  a  commission  as 
captain  of  Company  G,  Second  Infantry.  In  November  he  wa«  promoted 
to  lieutenant-colonel  and  eight  months  later  became  colonel  of  that  famous 
regiment.  He  was  mortally  wounded  while  gallantly  leading  his  regi- 
ment at  the  Battle  of  Corinth  on  the  3d  of  October,  1862.  He  lived  until 
the  7th  of  October,  when  death  ended  his  sufferings. 

NATHANIEL  B.  BAKER  is  a  name  which  will  for  all  time  be  inti- 
mately associated  with  Iowa's  war  history.  He  was  born  at  Hillsborough, 
New  Hampshire,  September  29,  1818.  A  graduate  of  Harvard,  he  en- 
tered the  law  office  of  Franklin  Pierce  in  1839  and  began  practice  in  1842. 
He  was  for  three  years  editor  of  the  'New  Hampshire  Patriot  and  in  1846 
became  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court.  In  1851  he  was  elected  to  the  Legis- 
lature and  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  serving  two 
terms.  In  1852  he  was  one  of  the  presidential  electors  and  voted  for  his 
old  preceptor  for  President.  In  1854  he  was  elected  Governor  of  New 
Hampshire  and  was  the  last  Democrat  who  held  that  office  before  the 
political  revolution  which  left  his  party  in  the  minority.  In  1856  Gover- 
nor Baker  became  a  resident  of  Iowa,  locating  at  Clinton.  In  1859  he 
was  elected  to  the  Iowa  Legislature  and  when  the  War  of  the  Rebellion 
began  he  led  the  war  wing  of  his  party  to  give  cordial  support  to  Gover- 
nor Kirkwood's  administration.  The  Governor  appointed  him  Adjutant- 
General  of  the  State  and  all  through  the  Rebellion  his  superb  executive 


14  HISTORY 


ghany  College  at  Meadville  in  1835  and  graduating,  took  a  course  of  civil 
engineering,  which  he  completed  in  1841.     From  his  youth  Mr.  Bar r is  was 
a  student  of  natural  science,  especially  geology,  in  which  later  he  prose- 
cuted original  studies.     At  the  age  of  twenty-one  he  entered  the  General 
Theological  Seminary  in  New  York  City  from  which  he  was  graduated  in 
1850,  being  ordained  in  1852.     Upon  the  advice  of  Bishop  Lee,  Mr.  Barris 
came  to  Iowa  in   1855,  becoming  rector  of  Trinity  churoh  at  Iowa  City. 
While  there  he  continued  his  work  in  geology  and  became  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Regents  of  the  University  in  1858.     The  following  year  he  be- 
came rector  of  Christ's  church  at  Burlington  and  "  contributed    largely 
to  the  creation  of  that  scientific  interest  with  which  Burlington  limestone 
is  now  regarded."     Portions  of  his  collection  went  to  the  British  Museum, 
but  a  larger  part  went  to  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology  at  Cam- 
bridge,  and  a   large  number   of  crinoid   forms   described  by  Wachsmuth, 
Springer  and  others  were  first  discovered  by  Dr.  Barris.   In  1866  he  became 
professor  of  ecclesiastical  history    (including  Greek  and  Hebrew)    in  the 
Theological  Department  of  Griswold  College  at  Davenport,  the  chair  having 
been   created  and   endowed  for   his   occupancy.     Dr.   Barris   occupied  the 
chair  for  twenty-five  years,  being  above  all  else  a  churchman.     He  was, 
however,  a  leading  spirit  in  all  scientific  research  and  while  at  Davenport 
published   many  valuable   articles,   mainly   in   the    Geological   Reports  of 
Illinois.     He  was  largely  instrumental  in  founding  the  Davenport  Academy 
of  Sciences,  served  on  its  board  of  trustees  and  was  its  president,  1876,  and 
later  was  curator  and  corresponding  secretary  for  many  years.      He  was  a 
member  of  many  scientific  societies  and  in  1869  Griswold  College  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity.     Dr.  Barris  died  at  his  home  in 
Davenport  June  10,  1901,  having  been  a  citizen  of  Iowa  for  forty-six  years. 

WILLARD  BARROWS  was  one  of  the  first  Government  surveyors 
of  the  public  lands  of  Iowa.  He  was  born  at  Munson,  Massachusetts,  in 
1806  and  received  a  good  education.  In  1832  he  was  employed  in  sur- 
veying the  lands  of  the  Choctaw  Purchase  and  later  the  swamp  lands  of 
the  Yazoo  River.  In  1837  he  came  to  Iowa  and  was  employed  in  the  first 
surveys  of  the  "  Black  Hawk  Purchase,"  along  the  Wapsipinicon  River, 
In  1838  he  located  with  his  family  at  the  new  town  of  Rockingham  on  the 
Iowa  side  of  the  Mississippi  River,  five  miles  below  Rock  Island.  In  1840 
he  surveyed  the  islands  in  the  Mississippi  between  the  Rock  River  and 
Quincy.  In  1853  he  made  a  careful  examination  of  northern  Iowa  and 
published  an  excellent  map  of  the  State,  with  descriptive  notes.  It  was 
by  far  the  best  map  of  Iowa  that  had  been  made  and  was  adopted  as  the 
ofiicial  map  of  the  State,  when  published  in  1854.  Mr.  Barrows  was  an 
extensive  traveler  over  the  American  continent  and  an  accomplished  writer. 
He  was  the  author  of  the  first  history  of  Scott  County,  which  was  pub- 
lished in  the  old  Annals  of  Iowa. 


OF  IOWA  15 


GEORGE  W.  BASSETT  was  born  in  Canada  in  1827.  He  received 
his  education  in  Wabash  College,  Indiana,  and  the  Cincinnati  Law  School. 
He  came  to  Iowa  in  1856,  studying  law  with  John  A.  Kasson  in  Des 
Moines.  He  located  at  Fort  Dodge  in  1858  where  he  practiced  his  profes- 
sion. In  1861  he  was  a  lieutenant  in  a  company  of  cavalry  raised  at  Fort 
Dodge  which  was  attached  tc  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  was  disabled 
by  wounds  in  battles  and  had  to  resign  in  consequence.  Upon  his  return 
to  Fort  Dodge  in  1863  Lieutenant  Bassett  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
for  the  northwestern  district  consisting  of  twenty-eight  counties  and  rep- 
resented more  than  one-third  of  the  territory  of  the  State  in  the  Tenth 
and  Eleventh  General  Assemblies.  For  nearly  twenty  years  Mr.  Bassett 
was  the  general  agent  for  the  leasing  and  sale  of  the  lands  embraced  in  the 
Agricultural  College  grant,  disposing  of  nearly  200.000  acres  of  lands.  He 
died  in  California  on  the  6th  of  February,   1896. 

JOHN  F.  BATES  was  the  first  colonel  of  the  first  regiment  furnished 
by  Iowa  to  the  War  of  the  Rebellion.  He  was  born  on  the  3d  of  Janu- 
ary, 1831,  at  Utica,  New  York.  He  paid  his  expenses  at  school  for  six 
years  by  performing  the  labors  of  janitor.  From  1852  to  1855  he  was  an 
insurance  agent  in  New  York  City  and  then  removed  to  Iowa  locating  at 
Dubuque.  There  he  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  District  Court  in  1858.  When 
Governor  Kirkwood  issued  his  proclamation  on  the  17th  of  April,  1861, 
calling  for  volunteers  for  a  regiment  to  serve  for  three  months,  thousands 
of  citizens  responded.  But  one  thousand  could  be  accepted  and  when  they 
were  organized  into  the  First  Iowa  Infantry  in  May,  John  F.  Bates  was 
chosen  colonel.  He  commanded  the  regiment  in  the  battles  of  Boone- 
ville  and  Dug  Springs  under  General  Lyon,  but  at  the  greater  Battle  of 
Wilson's  Creek  he  was  not  present.  His  military  career  closed  at  the  end 
of  three  months  when  the  First  Iowa  was  mustered  out. 

WILLIAM  M.  BEARDSHEAR  was  of  Scotch  ancestry  and  was  born 
November  7,  1850,  at  Dayton,  Ohio.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  at- 
tended the  public  schools  until  fourteen  years  of  age  when  he  enlisted  in 
the  Union  army  and  was  accepted  because  of  his  unusual  size  and 
strength.  He  served  through  the  entire  war  in  the  Army  of  the  Cum- 
berland and  returning,  entered  Otterbein  University  from  which  he  gradu- 
ated. In  1876  he  entered  the  ministry  in  the  United  Brethren  church, 
preaching  at  Arcanum  and  Dayton,  Ohio.  Meanwhile  he  attended  Yale 
Theological  Seminary  foi  two  years.  In  1881  he  came  to  Iowa,  accepting 
the  presidency  of  Western  College  at  Toledo,  being  one  of  the  youngest 
college  presidents  in  the  country.  In  1889  he  was  elected  principal  of  the 
Des  Moines  public  schools,  but  in  1891  resigned  to  accept  the  presidency 
of  the  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts.  For  fifteen  years 
Dr.  Beardshear  took  an  active  interest  in  education,  attending  every  ses- 


16  HISTOEY 


sion  of  the  Iowa  State  Teachers'  Association^  of  which  he  was  president 
in  1894.  In  the  National  Educational  Association  he  served  as  manager 
and  delegate  from  Iowa,  as  president  of  the  industrial  department  and  in 
1901  was  unanimously  chosen  president.  In  1897  Dr.  Beardshear  was 
appointed  by  President  McKinley  a  member  of  the  United  States  Indian 
Commission.     He  died  at  Ames,  August  5,  1902. 

JOSEPH  M.  BECK  was  born  in  Clearmont  County,  Ohio,  April  21st, 
1823,  of  English-Welsh  descent,  of  best  ancestry  on  maternal  and  paternal 
sides — in  some  respects  distinguished  families.  He  was  educated  in  Indiana 
schools  and  at  Hanover  College,  Madison,  Indiana,  where  he  read  law  with 
Judge  Miles  C.  Eggleston.  He  taught  in  Kentucky — characteristically  ad- 
vocating anti-slavery  views  at  that  perilous  time.  ( As  a  nephew  of  Thom;is 
Morris,  U.  S.  senator  from  Ohio,  who  as  early  as  1832  was  a  fearless  aboli- 
tionist, this  was  quite  natural.)  He  came  to  Montrose,  Iowa,  in  1847.  Two 
years  later  he  went  to  Fort  Madison,  his  home  until  his  death.  In  1850  he 
was  elected  mayor  of  Fort  Madison.  The  same  year  he  was  elected  prose- 
cuting attorney.  In  1867  he  was  elected  to  the  Iowa  Supreme  bench  and 
re-elected  three  times,  serving  continuously  twenty- four  years — "  the  peer  of 
any  member  of  the  bench,  old  or  new." 

"  He  was  always  a  leader  in  the  affairs  of  his  state,  devotedly  attached 
to  the  party  and  church  of  his  choice,  to  education  and  everything  tending  to 
the  upbuilding  of  our  commonwealth.  As  a  lawyer  he  was  fearless  in  all  he 
vmdertook,  safe  and  discreet  in  counsel,  honorable  and  gentlemanly  at  the 
trial  table,  an  admitted  power  in  every  stage  of  a  prosecution,  or  defense. 
He  was  an  able  judge,  of  spotless  integrity,  most  industrious  and  faithful  to 
the  highest  trusts,  laboring  with  a  fidelity  seldom  equalled,  to  know  and  de- 
clare the  law,  utterly  regardless  of  who  might  be  helped,  or  injured,  pleased, 
or  offended.  He  believed  that  men  should  live  honestly  and  soberly,  so  to 
work  as  to  insure  integrity,  morality,  temperance  and  all  that  tends  to  make 
us  better  citizens.  He  was  naturally  and  logically  apt  to  solve  every  issue  in 
favor  of  all  that  led  this  way  "  .  .  .  "in  such  matters  his  mind  was  a 
very  Gibraltar  of  conviction,  a  constant  menace  to  evil  doing  and  all  viola- 
tion of  law." 

During  these  twenty-four  years  the  procedure  of  courts,  questions  con- 
cerning land  grants  to  settlers,  railways,  etc.;  constitutional  questions,  for 
example  the  right  of  the  people  to  tax  and  govern  themselves — these,  and 
other  matters  of  vital  importance,  were  adjudicated.  Laws  as  to  property 
rights,  domestic  relations,  common  carriers,  protection  of  life  and  property, 
etc.,  were  made  and  interpreted.  By  inclination  and  necessity  Judge  Beck 
became  an  authority  on  these  subjects.  His  work  appears  in  88  vols,  of 
Iowa  Reports — his  opinions  as  justice  in  62  of  these  volumes. 

He  had  few  superiors  as  a  conversationalist,  for  he  had  great  mental 

Note.— The  above  sketch,  condensed  from  Vol.  89,  Iowa  Reports,  addresses  by  Sena- 
tor and  ex-Chief  Justice  George  G.  Wright  and  ex-Chief  Justice  Robinson  is  a  part  of 
the  records  of  the  Supreme  Court . 


'/7>^/^,^y^ 


OF  IOWA  17 


power,  a  fine  memory,  knew  history  and  literature,  appreciated  the  best  in 
the  arts,  had  been  an  observant  traveller  and  was  in  sympathy  with  current 
affairs.  "  As  ti*ustee  of  the  State  library  during  his  long  term  he  was  largely 
instrumental  in  building  it  up  in  law,  literature  and  all  departments." 
A  marked  characteristic  was  his  devotion  to  his  children,  to  his  beloved 
wife — a  woman  of  rare  charm,  culture  and  spirituality — and  to  his  home, 
where  he  died  May  30th,  1903. 

BYRON  A.  BEESON  was  born  in  Columbiana  County,  Ohio,  Febru- 
ary 26,  1838.  His  education  was  obtained  in  the  public  schools,  and  in 
1854  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  on  a  farm  in  Marshall  County.  When 
the  Civil  War  began  he  enlisted  in  a  company  raised  by  William  P.  Hep- 
burn which  became  a  part  of  the  Second  Iowa  Cavalry.  Mr.  Beeson 
served  in  that  famous  regiment  three  years  and  then  reenlisted  as  a  veteran 
in  1864  and  was  proinoted  to  first  lieutenant  of  Company  B,  serving  to 
the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  elected  treasurer  of  Marshall  County,  serv- 
ing until  1882.  In  July,  1878,  he  was  commissioned  adjutant  in  the  Iowa 
National  Guards  and  was  repeatedly  promoted  holding  the  position  of 
captain,  lieutenant-colonel,  colonel  and  Brigadier-General.  In  1889  he  was 
appointed  Adjutant-General  of  the  State,  and  in  1890  he  was  elected  on 
the  Republican  ticket,  State  Treasurer,  serving  four  years.  In  1897  he 
was  appointed  quartermaster  of  the  Iowa  Soldiers'  Home  at  Marshalltown 
where  he  served  until  1903,  when  he  was  appointed  Treasurer  of  the 
National   Soldiers'  Home  at  Norfolk,  Virginia. 

WILLIAM  W.  BELKNAP  was  born  in  Newburg,  New  York,  in  1829. 
He  graduated  at  Princeton  College  in  1848,  studied  law  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1851.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1853,  locating  at  Keokuk 
where  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  in  partnership  with  Ralph  P. 
Lowe,  afterwards  Governor  of  the  State.  He  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
the  Seventh  General  Assembly  in  1857  on  the  Democratic  ticket.  When 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion  began  he  was  commissioned  major  of  the  Fif- 
teenth Iowa  Infantry.  He  was  in  command  of  the  regiment  at  the  Battle 
of  Corinth  and  was  soon  after  placed  on  the  staff  of  General  McPherson. 
After  the  Battle  of  Atlanta  he  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General  and  at 
the  close  of  the  war  was  brevetted  Major-General.  He  was  offered  a  com- 
mission in  the  regular  army  but  preferred  to  return  to  civil  life.  General 
Belknap  had  become  a  Republican,  supporting  Lincoln  for  President  in 
1864  and  in  1866  was  appointed  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the 
First  District.  When  General  Grant  became  President,  General  Belknap 
was  invited  into  his  Cabinet  as  Secretary  of  War,  where  he  served  seven 
years,  resigning  in  March,  1876.  Charges  of  official  misconduct  had  been 
preferred  against  him  by  the  House  of  Representatives  in  a  time  of  great 
political  bitterness,  but  in  the  trial  by  the  Senate  he  was  acquitted.     Judge 

[Vol.  4] 


IS  HISTORY 


George  G.  Wright,  who  was  a  member  of  the  Senate  from  Iowa,  pro- 
nounced his  acquittal  just  and  hia  opinion  was  heartily  indorsed  by  the 
people  of  Iowa  who  never  lost  confidence  in  the  gallant  officer.  General 
Belknap  died  at  Washington,  October  13,  1890,  and  was  buried  in  the 
National  Cemetery  at  Arlington.  Hugh  J.,  a  son  of  General  Belknap, 
became  a  member  of  Congress  from  Chicago. 

GEORGE  W.  BEMIS  was  born  in  Spencer,  Massachusetts,  on  the  13th 
of  October  1826.  His  father  removed  with  his  family  to  Genesee  County, 
New  York,  in  1837,  where  George,  who  was  the  only  son,  remained  on  his 
father's  farm  until  the  age  of  twenty-one.  He  received  a  good  education 
and  taught  school  for  several  years.  In  1854  he  came  to  Iowa,  taking  up 
his  residence  at  Independence,  Buchanan  County,  which  became  his  per- 
manent home.  Mr.  Bemis  served  several  years  as  county  surveyor.  In 
1859  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the  House  of  the  Eighth 
General  Assembly,  sei-ving  through  the  regular  and  extra  sessions.  He 
was  for  seven  years  in  the  postal  service.  In  1871  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate,  serving  four  years.  He  was  for  many  years  Commissioner 
of  the  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at  Independence  of  which  he  was  treas- 
urer. In  1876  he  was  elected  State  Treasurer  on  the  Republican  ticket 
and  at  the  expiration  of  the  term  was  reelected,  serving  four  years.  The 
State  has  never  had  a  more  competent  and  faithful  public  official  than 
George  W.  Bemis. 

NARCISSA  T.  BEMIS  was  born  in  Alabama,  Genesee  County,  New 
York,  May  8,  1829.  She  came  to  Iowa  and  on  the  11th  of  April,  1855,  mar- 
ried George  W.  Bemis,  who  became  a  prominent  public  official  of  the 
State.  Their  home  was  at  Independence,  in  Buchanan  County.  During 
the  Civil  War  Mrs.  Bemis  was  one  of  the  most  efficient  and  devoted  work- 
ers on  the  Sanitary  Commission  and  untiring  in  her  labor  to  aid  the  sol- 
diers in  camp,  hospital  and  field.  She  was  an  active  worker  in  the  Chil- 
dren's Aid  Society,  the  Woman's  Christian  Temperance  Union  and  many 
other  good  works.  Mrs.  Bemis  was  especially  interested  in  the  Political 
Equality  Club  and  was  a  life-long  worker  for  the  enfranchisement  of 
women,  giving  her  time,  work  and  means  liberally  for  the  advancement  of 
this  cause  before  the  State  Legislatures.  She  was  a  valued  worker  in  the 
Iowa  Unitarian  Association.     She  died  on  the  9th  of  August,  1899. 

THOMAS  H.  BENTON,  JR.,  was  a  nephew  of  the  great  Missouri 
statesman  whose  name  he  bore.  He  was  born  in  Williamson  County,  Ten- 
nessee, on  the  5th  of  September,  1816.  His  education  was  acquired  at 
Huntington  Academy  and  he  graduated  from  Marion  College,  Missouri. 
In  1839  he  located  at  Dubuque,  Iowa,  where  he  taught  school  and  after- 
wards became  a  merchant.     In  1846  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  the 


GEORGE    W.    BEMIS 


NE 
PUBL 


iior,  Lenox  ami  "i  llden  //: 
\\      foundations. 


OF  IOWA  19 


First  General  Assembly,  two  years  later  elected  on  the  Democratic  ticket 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  and  was  reelected,  serving  six  years. 
Mr.  Benton  became  a  resident  of  Council  BluflFs  and  was  chosen  Secre- 
tary of  the  State  Board  of  Education  in  1858,  serving  four  years.  In 
1862  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Iowa  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, served  during  the  war  and  in  1865  was  brevetted  Brigadier-Gren- 
eral.  In  1865  he  was  the  Democratic  and  anti-negro  suffrage  candidate  for 
Governor  but  was  defeated.  In  1866  he  became  a  supporter  of  President 
Johnson  after  the  latter  left  the  Republican  party  and  in  August  was 
appointed  by  the  President  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  in  place  of  the 
Republican  incumbent  removed.  He  died  in  St.  Louis  on  the  10th  of  April, 
1879. 

WILLIAM  H.  BERRY  was  born  in  Cass  County,  Illinois,  October  23, 
1849.  Coming  to  Iowa  in  1867,  he  located  in  Warren  County,  completing 
his  education  at  Simpson  College,  Indianola,  from  which  he  graduated  in 
1872.  He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1873,  entering  into 
partnership  with  Judge  J.  H.  Henderson,  remaining  a  member  of  the  firm 
until  1885.  Mr.  Berry  has  for  a  long  time  been  one  of  the  influential 
trustees  of  Simpson  College.  He  is  an  active  Republican  and  in  1895  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of 
Clarke  and  Warren,  serving  in  the  Twenty-sixth  and  Twenty-seventh  Gen- 
eral Assemblies.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  codifying  the  laws  of  the 
State  and  was  one  of  the  leading  advocates  of  the  law  providing  for  the 
collateral  inheritance  tax.  In  the  Twenty-seventh  General  Assembly  Sen- 
ator Berry  was  an  active  promoter  of  the  legislation  which  established 
the  State  Board  of  Control. 

JAMES  G.  BERRYHILL  was  born  in  Iowa  City  on  the  5th  of  Novem- 
ber, 1852.  His  father,  Charles  H.  Berryhill,  became  a  resident  of  John- 
son County  in  1838,  before  Iowa  City  had  an  existence,  Iowa  Territory 
having  been  organized  that  year.  The  son  attended  the  public  schools  and 
took  the  collegiate  course  in  the  State  University,  graduating  in  1873. 
He  then  entered  the  Law  Department  from  which  he  graduated  in  1876. 
Removing  to  Des  Moines  in  1877,  Mr.  Berryhill  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  In  1885  Mr.  Berryhill  was  elected  a  Representative  in 
the  Twenty-first  General  Assembly,  and  became  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  appropriations  in  which  position  he  did  excellent  service.  He 
was  reelected  at  the  close  of  his  term  and  in  the  Twenty-seventh  General 
Assembly  organized  and  led  the  movement  which  resulted  in  the  enact- 
ment of  laws  exercising  control  over  railroad  corporations  in  the  interest 
of  the  people.  A  full  account  of  this  legislation  will  be  found  in  Volume 
III  of  this  history.  Mr.  Berryhill  is  a  man  of  affairs,  having  large  business 
enterprises  under  his  management.     In  politics  he  is  an  active  Republi- 


20  HISTORY 


can  and  at  one  time  was  strongly   supported  for  Representative  in   Con- 
gress in  the  Seventh  District. 

CHARLES  E.  BESSEY  was  born  at  Llilton,  Ohio,  May  21,  1845.  His 
education  was  obtained  in  the  public  schools,  Seville  and  Canaan  Acade- 
mies in  Ohio,  Michigan  Agricultural  College  and  Harvard  University.  He 
has  received  the  degrees  of  B.  Sc,  Ph.D.,  LL.  D.  He  taught  school  from 
1863  to  1869  and  in  1870  was  appointed  instructor  in  Botany  and  Horti- 
culture in  the  Iowa  Agricultural  College,  in  1872  he  was  promoted  to  profes- 
6or  of  the  two  departments,  and  from  1873  to  1880  was  professor  of  Botany 
and  Zoology.  From  1880  to  1884  the  chair  of  Botany  occupied  his  entire 
time,  save  in  1882  when  he  was  acting  president  of  the  college  during  the 
absence  of  President  Welch.  In  1884  he  was  elected  to  the  chairs  of  Botany 
and  Horticulture  in  the  University  of  Nebraska  and  removed  to  that 
State.  During  Professor  Bessey's  term  of  service  in  the  Iowa  Agricultural 
College  he  aided  in  giving  form  to  the  general  work  of  the  institution,  and 
assisted  in  formulating  the  plan  and  purpose  of  the  Agi'icultural  Experi- 
mental Stations  established  by  act  of  Congress.  He  helped  to  draft  the 
section  of  the  law  defining  the  work  of  the  stations.  In  1875  he  began  to 
advocate  the  laboratory  method  in  the  study  of  Botany,  soon  beginning  its 
practice  which  has  since  been  adopted  in  all  colleges.  The  botanical 
laboratory  at  the  Iowa  Agricultural  College  was  the  second  in  the  country, 
Harvard  only  preceding  it.  In  Nebraska,  Professor  Bessey  has  success- 
fully advocated  the  setting  aside  of  two  forest  reserves  in  the  sandhill 
region  of  the  State,  which  were  established  by  proclamation  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  early  in  1902.  Professor  Bessey  has  occupied 
the  chair  of  Botany  in  the  University  of  Nebraska  since  1891.  He  is  the 
author  of  Bessey's  Botany,  widely  used  throughout  the  country  as  a  text 
book  in  high  schools  and  colleges. 

SAMUEL  L.  BESTOW  was  born  in  Erie  County,  New  York,  on  the 
8th  of  March,  1823,  and  in  boyhood  attended  the  schools  of  that  county 
later  receiving  instruction  at  Professor  Dewey's  Academy  in  Rochester. 
He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  followed  that  business  for  many  years  in 
New  York  but  for  a  time  was  engaged  in  manufacturing.  He  served 
as  superintendent  of  public  schools  and  county  supervisor  before  leaving 
that  State.  In  1870  he  removed  to  Iowa,  making  his  home  on  a  new  farm 
in  Lucas  County.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  volunteered  but 
was  rejected  by  the  examining  surgeon  because  of  physical  disability.  In 
the  early  years  of  the  slavery  agitation  he  was  a  member  of  the  Re- 
publican party  but  of  late  has  become  a  prominent  Democrat.  In  1875 
he  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  of  the  Sixth  District  for  State  Senator, 
to  represent  the  counties  of  Lucas  and  Clarke  and  was  elected  for  four 
years,  serving  in  the  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  General  Assemblies.     H6 


l^bO^LV''^ 


y  :...  4,.  -,.     /-/t: ¥^;r/L4   /~c 


I  HE 
NEW  YORK      \\ 
^'UBLIG  LiSRARYf 

^^Astor,  Lenox  and  TiJden  // 
foundations. 


* 


OF  IOWA  21 


was  the  author  of  the  resolutions  passed  by  the  latter  providing  for  an 
investigation  of  the  affairs  and  management  of  the  Fort  Madison  Peniten- 
tiary and  was  made  a  member  of  the  commission.  In  1891  he  was  nom- 
inated by  the  Democratic  State  Convention  for  Lieutenant-Governor  on 
the  ticket  with  Governor  Boies  and  was  elected  over  George  Van  Houten, 
the  Republican  candidate,  by  a  plurality  of  3,098,  being  the  only  Democrat 
ever  elected  to  that  office  in  Iowa. 

BENJAMIN  P,  BIRDSALL  was  born  at  Weyamwega,  Wisconsin,  Oc- 
tober 26,  1858.  Coming  to  Iowa  in  1870,  he  located  at  Alden,  in  Hardin 
County.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Wisconsin  and  Iowa 
and  the  State  University.  He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1878  and  was  a  successful  practitioner  until  1893  when  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  Eleventh  Judicial  District,  serving  five  years.  In  1898  he 
was  reelected,  but  resigned  after  two  years,  returning  to  the  practice  of 
law.  In  1902  he  was  elected  Representative  in  Congress  for  the  Third 
District  to  succeed  Hon.  David  B.  Henderson. 

CHARLES  A.  BISHOP  was  born  at  Eagle,  Waukesha  County,  Wiscon- 
sin, May  22,  1854.  He  was  educated  in  the  district  schools,  applying 
himself  to  the  more  advanced  studies  at  home.  He  read  law  while  work- 
ing on  the  farm  and  teaching  school  winters;  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1875.  The  following  year  he  removed  to  La  Port  City,  Iowa,  where  he  be- 
gan the  practice  of  law.  Removing  to  Des  Moines,  he  entered  the  office 
of  Baker  and  Kavanaugh;  he  served  as  assistant  Attorney-General  for 
several  years.  In  1889  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  District  Court, 
and  in  1897  was  again  appointed  to  the  same  position.  In  the  following 
year  he  was  elected  to  a  full  term.  In  1902  Judge  Bishop  was  appointed 
by  Governor  Cummins  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and 
at  the  following  election  was  chosen   for   a   full  term. 

FREDERICK  E.  BISSELL,  a  pioneer  teacher  and  lawyer  of  Iowa,  was 
born  in  St.  Lawrence  County,  New  York,  December  8,  1819.  He  was  educa- 
ted in  the  common  schools  and  at  Potsdam  Academy.  Coming  to  Iowa  in 
1845,  while  it  was  a  Territory,  he  located  at  Dubuque,  then  a  frontier  town. 
He  there  taught  school  two  years  and  then  studied  law  with  James  Craw- 
ford, afterwards  becoming  his  partner.  During  his  practice  he  was  the 
partner  of  Timothy  Davis  and  Lincoln  Clark,  both  of  whom  represented 
the  Second  District  in  Congress.  He  was  later  a  law  partner  of  Judge 
Shiras,  Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  of  Northern  Iowa.  He 
was  for  many  years  a  member  of  the  Dubuque  Board  of  Education  and 
also  of  the  city  council.  He  was  at  one  time  president  of  the  Dubuque, 
St.  Paul  and  St.  Peter  Railway  Company,  and  was  later  a  member  of  the 
Dubuque  Improvement  Company.     In  January,  1863,  he  was  appointed  by 


22  HISTORY 


Governor  Stone,  Attorney-General  of  Iowa,  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  at  the 
following  general  election  was  chosen  for  a  full  term  on  the  Republican 
ticket.  He  was  called  upon  during  his  first  term  to  give  an  opinion  to 
the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  State  College  of  Agriculture,  as  to  whether 
the  lands  granted  by  Congress  for  the  support  of  that  institution,  were 
taxable.  He  decided  that  they  were  not,  and  under  his  decision  the  trus- 
tees were  able  to  lease  them  for  a  term  of  years  and  thus  derive  a  revenue 
that  enabled  them  to  open  the  college  many  years  before  it  could  otherwise 
have  been  supported.  He  died  at  Dubuque  June  12,  1867,  before  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term. 

LUCIAN  C.  BLANCHARD  is  a  native  of  Diana,  Lewis  County,  New 
York,  where  he  was  born  April  15,  1839.  Not  satisfied  with  the  meager 
education  obtainable  in  the  district  school  of  that  period,  he  attended 
Carthage  Academy,  coming  west  in  1858.  He  entered  Rock  River  Semi- 
nary at  Mount  Morris,  Illinois,  teaching  school  a  portion  of  the  time. 
Coming  to  Iowa,  at  Newton  he  taught  school  and  studied  law.  When  the 
Civil  War  came  he  enlisted  in  Company  K,  Twenty-eighth  Iowa  Volun- 
teers and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Port  Gibson,  Champion's  Hill  and 
the  siege  of  Vicksburg.  In  1864  he  entered  the  Law  Department  of  the 
University  of  Michigan  from  which  he  graduated  in  1866.  He  began  the 
practice  of  law  at  Montezuma  and  soon  after  was  elected  county  judge  of 
Poweshiek,  serving  in  that  position  until  1868  when  he  was  chosen  Circuit 
Judge  of  the  Sixth  Judicial  District,  filling  the  position  for  twelve  years. 
In  1890  Judge  Blanchard  was  chosen  senior  vice-commander  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic.  In  1893  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket 
Representative  in  the  Legislature  for  Mahaska  County,  and  in  1895  was 
elected  Senator,  serving  in  the  Twenty-sixth,  Twenty-seventh,  Twenty- 
eighth  and  Twenty-ninth  General  Assemblies.  With  the  assistance  of 
Judge  Wilson  he  prepared  the  Masonic  Digest  published  by  the  Grand 
Lodge. 

AMELIA  JENKS  BLOOMER  was  born  in  Cortland  County,  New  York, 
Mav  27,  1818.  Her  education  was  obtained  in  the  common  schools  and 
at  the  age  of  seventeen  she  began  to  teach  at  Clyde.  Mrs.  Bloomer  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  movement  to  secure  increased  rights  and  privi- 
leges for  women  and  was  associated  with  Susan  B.  Anthony,  Elizabeth 
C.  Stanton  and  Abby  Kelley  in  the  inauguration  of  the  Woman  Suffrage 
movement.  In  1849  Mrs.  Bloomer  established  a  paper  which  was  the 
special  advocate  of  temperance  and  woman  suflFrage.  She  was  an  ac- 
complished writer  and  an  able  public  speaker  and  for  many  years  lec- 
tured upon  the  two  reforms.  In  1851  a  friend,  Elizabeth  Smith  Miller,  a 
daughter  of  Gerrit  Smith,  invented  a  new  style  of  costume  consisting  of  a 
skirt  reaching  a  little  below  the  knees  with  wide  Turkish  trousers  gath- 


// 


o  i^  l_  i '_ 


,  Aster, 


N>.. 


foUildtfi'Ofti, 


MRS.  AMELIA  JENKS   BLOOMER 


OF  IOWA  23 


ered  at  the  ankle.  Elizabeth  C.  Stanton  was  the  second  woman  to  ap- 
pear in  the  new  style  of  dress,  and  Mrs.  Bloomer  was  the  third.  Mrs. 
Bloomer  began  to  advocate  the  dress  reform  in  her  paper  and  the  public 
obtained  the  impression  that  she  was  the  originator  of  the  new  costume 
and  it  became  known  as  the  "  Bloomer  dress.''  The  notoriety  of  the 
"  Bloomer  Costume  "  brought  to  her  paper  thousands  of  new  subscribers  and 
greatly  enlarged  her  constituency  to  whom  she  urged  the  reforms  in  which 
she  was  deeply  interested  and  she  soon  acquired  national  fame.  In  1855 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Bloomer  removed  to  Iowa,  settling  at  Council  Bluffs,  where 
Mrs.  Bloomer  continued  to  advocate  woman  suffrage  and  prohibition  as  a 
lecturer.  In  October,  1871,  she  was  chosen  president  of  the  Iowa  Woman's 
Suffrage  Association  at  its  second  annual  session.  Mrs.  Bloomer  died  at 
Council  Bluffs  on  the  30th  of  December,   1894. 

DEXTER  C.  BLOOMER  was  born  at  Aurora,  New  York,  on  the  4th  of 
July,  1816.  He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  but  soon  after 
entered  upon  journalism,  serving  as  an  editor  both  in  New  York  and  Ohio. 
In  1855  he  moved  to  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  where  he  practiced  law.  He 
was  elected  mayor  of  the  city  and  for  several  years  Receiver  of  the 
United  States  Land  Office.  He  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the  public 
library  of  that  city  and  for  many  years  one  of  the  trustees.  He  was  a 
frequent  contributor  to  historical  publications,  and  in  1895  wrote  and 
published  the  "  Life  and  Times  of  Amelia  Bloomer,"  his  wife,  who  was  a 
noted  reformer  in  New  York  and  Iowa.  He  was  also  the  author  of  a 
"  History  of  Pottawattamie  Coimty."  Mr.  Bloomer  died  on  the  24th  of 
February,  1900. 

NORMAN  BOARDMAN  was  born  at  Morristown,  Vermont,  April  30, 
1813.  During  boyhood  he  worked  on  his  father's  farm,  attending  district 
school  in  the  winter.  He  earned  his  way  through  Johnstown  Academy 
before  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age,  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  and  in  1853  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Lyons,  in  Clinton  County. 
Here  he  engaged  in  the  real  estate  business  with  great  success.  In  the 
spring  of  1854  he,  in  company  with  three  associates,  laid  out  a  town  in 
Mitchell  County  which  they  named  Osage  in  honor  of  Dr.  Oren  Sage.  In 
early  life  Mr.  Boardman  was  a  Democrat  but  upon  the  organization  of  the 
Republican  party  he  united  with  it.  In  1861  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Republicans  for  the  State  Senate  and  was  elected  by  a  large  majority. 
He  became  an  influential  member  of  the  Senate,  was  made  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  schools,  was  a  member  of  the  committee  of  ways  and  means 
and  the  author  of  some  of  the  most  important  legislation  for  the  pro- 
tection and  safe  keeping  of  the  school  funds  of  the  State.  He  was  a  firm 
friend  of  the  State  University  and  Agricultural  College.  In  1869  Mr. 
Boardman  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  to  the  office  of  Collector  of 


24  HISTORY 


Internal  Revenue  for  the  Second  District.  During  his  term  he  discovered 
secret  and  fraudulent  methods  practiced  by  distillers  to  cheat  the  Gov- 
ernment which  led  to  the  exposure  of  the  gigantic  whiskey  frauds  of  1874. 
In  1886  Mr.  Boardman  first  suggested  a  reunion  of  the  pioneer  lawmakers 
of  the  State  at  Des  Moines,  resulting  in  the  organization  of  the  "  Pioneer 
Lawmakers'  Association,"  which  holds  biennial  sessions  devoted  largely 
to  the  collection  and  preservation  of  the  early  history  of  the  State.  Mr. 
Boardman  died  at  his  home  in  Lyons  on  the  30th  of  April,  1894. 

HORACE  BOIES,  thirteenth  Governor  of  Iowa,  was  born  on  a  farm 
in  Erie  County,  New  York,  on  the  7th  of  December,  1827.  He  received 
but  a  common  school  education  and  when  sixteen  years  of  age  removed 
to  Wisconsin  and  worked  some  time  on  a  farm;  returning  to  his  old  home 
he  decided  to  study  law.  He  opened  an  office  in  Hamburg,  near  Buffalo,  and 
practiced  there  some  years.  In  1855  he  was  elected  to  the  New  York 
Legislature  on  the  Republican  ticket,  serving  but  one  session.  He  after- 
wards removed  to  Buffalo  where  he  practiced  law  until  1856  when  he 
came  west  and  located  at  Waterloo.  In  1880  Mr.  Boies  left  the  Repub- 
lican party  on  the  ground  of  its  adoption  of  the  policy  of  a  protective 
tariff  and  the  prohibition  of  the  liquor  traffic.  Becoming  a  Democrat  in 
1889  he  was  nominated  by  that  party  for  Governor.  After  a  vigorous  cam- 
paign in  which  Mr.  Boies  made  powerful  assaults  upon  the  prohibitory 
liquor  law,  advocating  license,  he  was  elected  by  a  plurality  of  6,573  in  a 
vote  of  360,623.  In  1891  he  was  renominated  and  reelected  upon  the 
same  issue,  receiving  the  votes  of  several  thousand  license  Republicans. 
At  the  close  of  his  second  term  he  was  again  a  candidate  but  the  Repub- 
lican party  having  abandoned  prohibition  and  declared  for  a  law  permitting 
the  establishment  of  saloons  upon  petition  of  a  majority  of  the  voters  of 
cities,  the  saloon  Republicans  returned  to  the  party  and  defeated  Gover- 
nor Boies  by  a  plurality  of  32,161.  In  1896  Governor  Boies  was  a  candi- 
date before  the  Democratic  National  Convention  for  President  and  upon 
one  ballot  received  a  very  complimentary  vote.  During  his  four  years' 
administration  as  Governor  he  used  his  influence  to  secure  the  repeal  of 
the  prohibitory  liquor  law  but  was  unable  to  accomplish  it. 

LEMUEL  R.  BOLTER  was  born  in  Richland  County,  Ohio,  July  27, 
1834.  He  received  a  college  education  and  taught  for  a  short  time.  In 
1852  he  made  the  overland  trip  to  California,  remaining  there  two  years. 
He  returned  to  the  States  in  1854,  taught  in  Michigan  and  studied  law. 
Mr,  Bolter  became  a  resident  of  Iowa  in  1863,  locating  on  a  farm  in 
Harrison  County.  In  1866  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  the  same  year 
was  elected  Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Eleventh  General  As- 
sembly. He  was  a  member  of  the  House  in  the  Fifteenth,  Sixteenth,  Nine- 
teenth  and  Twentieth  General   Assemblies   and  a   member  of  the   Senate 


OF  IOWA  25 


in  the  Twenty-first,  Twenty-second,  Twenty-third,  Twenty-fourth,  Twenty- 
seventh  and  Twenty-eighth  General  Assemblies.  He  enjoyed  the  distinction 
of  having  served  more  terms  in  the  Iowa  Legislature  than  any  other 
citizen,  having  been  a  member  twenty-two  years  in  the  aggregate.  Mr. 
Bolter  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  of  the  Eighth  District  for  Con- 
gress in  1876  but  was  defeated.  He  was  a  life-long  Democrat  and  one  of 
the  leaders  of  his  party  in  the  State  for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  He  died 
on  the  29th  of  April,  1901. 

NATHAN  BOONE,  the  famous  pioneer  of  Iowa  in  whose  honor 
Boone  River,  Boonesboro,  Boone  and  Booneville  were  named,  was  a  son  of 
the  noted  Indian  fighter  of  Kentucky,  Colonel  Daniel  Boone.  He  was  born 
in  Kentucky  in  1782  and  lived  with  his  father  until  he  reached  manhood 
when  he  removed  to  Missouri.  In  March,  1812,  he  was  commissioned  cap- 
tain in  a  regiment  of  mounted  "  Rangers,"  raised  to  protect  the  frontier 
against  the  British  and  their  Indian  allies.  He  was  promoted  to  major  of 
the  regiment  in  1813  and  served  to  the  close  of  the  war.  He  served  in  the 
Black  Hawk  War  under  Major  Henry  Dodge  and  at  its  close  became  cap- 
tain of  a  company  of  United  States  Dragoons.  While  stationed  at  old 
Fort  Des  Moines  Captain  Boone  was  sent  in  command  of  an  exploring 
expedition  up  the  Des  Moines  valley  and  from  thence  eastward.  Lieuten- 
ant Albert  M.  Lea  was  under  his  command  and  wrote  an  account  of  the 
country  through  which  they  passed.  They  named  the  Boone  River  and  Lieu- 
tenant Lea  had  his  description  of  the  region  published  in  which  it  was  called 
the  "  Iowa  District."  This  is  believed  to  have  been  the  first  time  that  the 
name  of  "  Iowa  "  was  given  to  the  country  which  became  the  Territory 
and  later  the  State  of  Iowa.  Captain  Boone  served  on  the  Indian  fron- 
tier and  in  the  War  with  Mexico  and  became  Lieutenant  of  the  Second 
United  States  Dragoons.     He  died  in  1857. 

CALEB  H.  BOOTH,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Dubuque,  was  born  in 
Delaware  County,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  25th  of  December,  1814.  At  the 
ago  of  seventeen  he  began  to  study  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1836.  In  July  of  that  year  he  came  west  and  located  in  the  frontier  village 
of  Dubuque,  then  in  Michigan  Territory,  of  which  he  was  the  first  mayor. 
In  1841  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislative  Assembly  of  Iowa  Territory.  In 
1849  he  was  appointed  Surveyor  General  for  Iowa,  Wisconsin  and  Minne- 
sota. In  1857  he  was  chosen  treasurer  of  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Rail- 
road Company  in  which  he  was  largely  interested.  He  built  the  first 
flouring  mill  in  Dubuque  in  1848  and  was  extensively  engaged  in  lead  min- 
ing. As  one  of  the  Iowa  State  Bank  Commissioners  he  helped  to  establish 
the  branches.  In  1872  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Legislature.  He  died 
at  his  home  in  Dubuque  on  the  19th  of  June,  1898,  after  a  residence  in 
the  city  of  sixty-two  years. 


26  HISTORY 


EDMUND  BOOTH,  pioneer  journalist,  came  to  the  Territory  of  Iowa 
in  1839,  locating  in  Jones  County,  where  he  built  the  first  frame  house. 
It  was  he  who  gave  to  his  home  town  the  beautiful  Indian  name,  Ajoa- 
mosa,  which  signifies  "  White  Fawn,"  and  belonged  to  a  bright  Indian  girl 
of  that  section  of  the  country.  Mr.  Booth  was  born  in  Springfield,  Massa- 
chusetts, August  24,  1810.  At  the  age  of  four  he  lost  his  hearing  through 
illness  and  was  educated  at  the  American  School  for  the  Deaf  at  Hart- 
ford, Connecticut,  where  he  served  several  years  as  a  teacher.  He  re- 
ceived no  college  education,  but  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  M.  has  been 
conferred  upon  him  by  the  Gallaudet  College  of  the  Deaf  at  Washington, 
D.  C.  In  1855  Mr.  Booth  became  editor  of  the  Anamosa  Eureka  which 
was  a  radical  antislavery  journal  and  one  of  the  most  ably  conducted  in 
the  State.  When  the  Republican  party  was  organized  the  Eureka  became 
an  advocate  of  its  principles.  Mr.  Booth  was  the  originator  of  the  move- 
ment to  secure  the  education  of  the  deaf  children  of  Iowa  at  Jacksonville, 
Illinois,  before  our  State  provided  an  institution  for  their  accommoda- 
tion. He  was  chairman  of  the  National  Convention  of  Deaf  Mutes  at 
Cincinnal^i  in  1880.  During  all  of  the  years  that  Mr.  Booth  has  lived  in 
Iowa  he  has  been  a  positive  force  in  the  community  and  in  the  field  of 
journalism  has  been  an  influential  factor  in  politics. 

DANIEL  H.  BOWEN  was  born  in  Decatur,  Wisconsin,  September  6, 
1850.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  a  liberal  education,  teaching 
school  for  several  years.  At  twenty-two  years  of  age  he  began  the  study 
of  medicine  in  Broadhead,  Wisconsin,  and  soon  after  entered  Bush  Medi- 
cal College  from  which  he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1876.  He  removed  to 
Iowa,  locating  at  Waukon  in  Allamakee  County,  where  he  has  practiced 
medicine  for  more  than  twenty-five  years.  He  was  an  active  Republican 
and  in  1895  was  elected  Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Twenty-sixth 
General  Assembly,  and  has  been  twice  reelected,  serving  in  the  Twenty- 
seventh  and  Twenty-eighth  General  Assemblies.  He  was  chosen  speaker  of 
the  House  of  the  latter  session,  having  been  selected  by  the  supporters  of 
Senator  John  H.  Gear.  For  seven  years  Dr.  Bowen  was  a  surgeon  of  the 
Fourth  Regiment  of  the  Iowa  National  Guard  and  has  held  many  official 
positions  in  his  home  city  and  county. 

THOMAS  BOWMAN  was  born  at  Wiscasset,  Lincoln  County,  Maine, 
May  25,  1848.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1868,  making  his  home  at  Council 
Bluffs,  where  he  engaged  in  commercial  business.  In  1875  he  was  elected 
treasurer  of  Pottawattamie  County  and  was  twice  reelected,  serving  six 
years.  He  was  chosen  mayor  of  Council  Bluffs  in  1882  and  in  1885  was 
appointed  postmaster,  serving  until  1889.  In  1883  he  acquired  a  control- 
ling interest  in  the  Council  Bluffs  Olohe,  a  Democratic  daily  of  which  he 
assumed  the  editorial  management.     He  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats 


OF  IOWA  27 


of  the  Ninth  District  for  representative  in  Congress  in  1890  and  was 
elected  over  Judge  J.  R.  Reed,  the  Republican  candidate,  by  a  plurality  of 
1,285.     He  was  not  a  candidate  for  reelection,  serving  but  one  term. 

PHILIP  B.  BRADLEY  was  born  in  Ridgefield,  Connecticut,  January 
6,  1809.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Union  College,  New  York,  and  studied  law. 
In  1834  he  located  at  Galena,  Illinois,  in  1836,  was  appointed  Prosecuting 
Attorney  and  a  year  later,  postmaster  of  Galena.  In  1839  he  removed 
to  Iowa,  making  his  home  in  Jackson  County,  where  he  became  Clerk  of 
the  District  Court  in  1843.  In  1845  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Council  of  the  Legislative  Assembly.  The  following  year  Iowa  became  a 
State  and  Mr.  Bradley  was  largely  instriimental  in  securing  the  nomin- 
ation of  his  friend  and  neighbor  Ansel  Briggs  for  Governor,  by  the  Demo- 
cratic State  Convention.  Mr.  Bradley  was  at  the  same  time  elected  to 
the  State  Senate  from  Jones  and  Jackson  counties.  He  was  the  trusted 
adviser  of  Governor  Briggs  during  his  four  years'  term.  Mr.  Bradley 
was  Secretary  of  the  Senate  in  1850  and  again  in  1852.  He  was  chairman 
of  the  Iowa  delegation  in  the  National  Democratic  Convention  in  1852 
which  nominated  Franklin  Pierce  for  President.  In  1858  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House  of  the  Seventh  General  Assembly  and  again  in  1877  he 
served  a  term.  For  more  than  thirty  years  he  was  one  of  the  trusted 
leaders  of  his  party  and  through  his  long  legislative  career  helped  to 
shape  the  laws  of  the  Territory  and  State.  He  died  at  his  home  in  An- 
diew,  March  27,   1890. 

JOHN  M.  BRAINARD  was  born  at  Blairsville,  Pennsylvania,,  on  the 
30th  of  March,  1836.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools.  Elders- 
ridge  Academy  and  at  Beloit  College,  Wisconsin.  In  1856  he  came  to 
Iowa,  locating  at  Charles  City  where  he  engaged  in  school  teaching.  For 
the  two  following  years  he  taught  at  Mason  City  and  Clear  Lake  in  Cerro 
Gordo  County.  In  the  spring  of  1860,  he  founded  the  Clear  Lake  Inde- 
pendent in  company  with  Silan  Noyes  and  entered  upon  his  career  as  a 
journalist  which  he  followed  in  Iowa  for  forty-two  years.  In  1868-9  he 
was  the  editor  of  the  Council  Bluffs  Daily  Nonpareil.  In  1879  he  be- 
came the  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Boone  Standard,  conducting  that 
journal  until  1902.  Mr.  Brainard  was  an  accomplished  writer,  but  found 
time  during  his  busy  life  to  serve  as  superintendent  of  schools  in  Cerro 
Gordo  County,  clerk  of  the  court  in  Story,  member  of  the  city  council  and 
postmaster  in  Boone.  In  1860-61  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of 
Education  when  that  body  had  entire  legislative  control  of  the  school 
system  of  the  State.  He  was  one  of  the  promoters  of  the  railroad  from 
Boone  to  Des  Moines  in  company  with  L.  W.  Reynolds,  which  was  built 
in  1880-81.  He  secured  the  employment  of  the  late  Colonel  George  E. 
Waring  by  the  city  of  Boone   to  plan  and  direct  the  construction  of  its 


28  HISTORY 


twenty-five  miles  of  seAvers.  He  has  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  schoola 
of  that  city,  serving  on  the  board,  and  is  secretary  of  the  Ericson  Free 
Public  Library. 

NATHAN  H.  BRAINARD,  pioneer  journalist,  was  born  in  Bridge- 
water,  New  Hampshire,  January  11,  1818.  After  acquiring  an  elementary 
education  he  was  employed  in  an  ax  factory.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1856, 
taking  up  his  residence  at  Iowa  City.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  military 
secretary  to  Governor  Kirkwood.  He  purchased  the  Iowa  City  Republi- 
can in  1863  which  he  conducted  until  1874.  He  was  an  able  and  inde- 
pendent editor  and  was  a  trusted  and  confidential  friend  and  adviser  of 
Governor  Kirkwood.     He  died  in  Iowa  City,  July  31,  1901. 

ISAAC  BRANDT  was  born  near  Lancaster,  Ohio,  April  7,  1827.  He 
was  reared  on  a  farm,  receiving  only  a  common  school  education.  He  came 
to  Iowa  in  1856,  locating  in  Des  Moines,  where  for  several  years  he  was 
engaged  in  selling  dry  goods.  During  antislavery  days  he  was  a  friend  of 
John  Brown  and  cooperated  with  him  in  aiding  slaves  to  freedom  by 
the  "  underground  railroad."  In  1867  Mr.  Brandt  was  appointed  deputy 
State  Treasurer,  serving  six  years.  In  1873  he  was  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative in  the  House  of  the  Fifteenth  General  Assembly,  serving  on  the 
committees  of  ways  and  means  and  cities  and  towns.  In  1883  he  was 
appointed  by  the  President  one  of  the  commissioners  to  inspect  fifty 
miles  of  the  North  Pacific  Railroad,  and  was  chairman  of  the  commis- 
sion. In  1890  Mr.  Brandt  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Des  Moines  and 
during  his  term  of  four  years  introduced  many  reforms  in  the  service. 
For  more  than  thirty  years  he  has  been  one  of  the  influential  working 
members  of  the  Republican  party,  exercising  large  influence  in  State  and 
congressional  conventions.  It  was  through  his  untiring  personal  eff'orts 
that  the  permanent  State  Fair  grounds  were  secured  in  Des  Moines.  He 
has  long  been  an  officer  of  the  Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association. 

JOHN  BRENNAN,  a  notable  Irish-American  orator,  rose  from  a 
lowly  position  to  a  national  reputation.  He  was  born  at  Elphin,  county 
of  Roscommon  in  Ireland,  on  the  14th  of  July,  1845,  and  was  educated 
in  the  schools  of  his  native  town.  While  a  boy  he  imbibed  a  strong  aver- 
sion to  the  English  Government  for  the  wrongs  it  had  inflicted  upon 
his  countrymen  and,  seeing  no  hope  for  escape  from  oppression,  he  de- 
termined to  emigrate  to  America  where  he  arrived  in  1865,  without  money 
or  friends  and  was  employed  as  a  railroad  grader,  teamster,  porter  and 
farm  hand,  for  the  first  four  years,  and  while  thus  earning  a  living  he 
determined  to  study  law.  In  1867  he  was  employed  by  A.  J.  Poppleton, 
a  prominent  lawyer  of  Omaha,  and  found  time  evenings  to  begin  his 
studies.     He   persevered   until  he  was   admitted   to   the  bar   and   entering 


OF  IOWA  29 


upon  the  practice  he  soon  developed  a  remarkable  power  as  advocate  be- 
fore a  jury  and  was  on  the  way  to  great  success  in  the  profession  when 
he  became  afflicted  with  deafness  to  a  degree  that  rendered  it  necessary 
for  him  to  seek  some  other  occupation.  In  1869  he  became  a  writer  on 
the  Sioux  City  Times,  where  he  was  employed  five  years.  He  became  a 
member  of  the  city  council  and  was  chosen  city  attorney  where  he  de- 
veloped wonderful  eloquence  as  a  public  speaker.  He  took  a  deep  interest 
in  public  affairs  and  was  one  of  the  most  effective  stump  speakers  in  the 
State.  Mr.  Brennan  never  forgot  the  wrongs  of  his  native  land  at  the 
hands  of  the  English  oppressors  and  no  one  could  recount  them  with  more 
fervid  eloquence.  His  fame  had  become  national  and,  in  1884,  when 
James  G.  Blaine  was  the  Republican  candidate  for  President,  John  Bren- 
nan received  an  invitation  from  "  the  plumed  knight "  to  accompany  him 
on  his  remarkable  speaking  campaign  through  the  east.  During  the  agi- 
tation in  America  in  behalf  of  Home  Rule  in  Ireland  Mr.  Brennan  was 
closely  allied  with  Patrick  Egan  and  John  P.  Finnerty,  taking  a  conspicu- 
ous part  in  the  national  gatherings  of  the  Irish  leaders.  He  was  a  de- 
vout Catholic  and  during  the  later  years  of  his  life,  gave  most  of  his 
time  to  editorial  work  on  The  Northwestern  Catholic,  published  at  Sioux 
City.     He  died  suddenly  on  the  5th  of  October,  1900. 

ANSEL  BRIGGS,  first  Governor  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  was  born  in 
Vermont  on  the  3d  of  February,  1806.  He  attended  the  common  schools 
when  a  boy  with  but  one  term  at  an  academy.  In  1830  his  father  re- 
moved with  his  family  to  Cambridge,  Ohio,  where  the  son  established 
various  stage  lines.  In  1836  he  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Andrew  in 
Jackson  County,  where  he  established  several  stage  routes  and  took  con- 
tracts for  carrying  the  mails.  He  had  been  a  Whig  in  early  life  but 
after  coming  to  Iowa  became  a  Democrat.  In  1842  he  was  elected  to  rep- 
resent Jackson  County  in  the  Territorial  Legislature.  He  was  chosen 
sheriff  of  the  county  at  a  later  period.  At  the  Democratic  State  Conven- 
tion held  at  Iowa  City  on  the  24th  of  September,  1846,  there  were  three 
candidates  for  Governor,  Ansel  Briggs,  Jesse  Williams  and  William  Thomp- 
son. On  the  first  ballot  the  vote  stood  sixty-two  for  Briggs,  thirty-two  for 
Williams  and  thirty-one  for  Thompson.  The  other  candidates  then  with- 
drew and  Briggs  was  nominated  by  acclamation.  At  the  election  he  was 
chosen  over  the  Whig  candidate,  Thomas  McKnight,  by  the  small  major- 
ity of  two  hundred  forty-seven.  His  political  adviser  was  Philip  B.  Brad- 
ley, a  shrewd  politician  who  had  successfully  conducted  his  campaign. 
Governor  Briggs  served  his  term  of  four  years  in  a  quiet  manner  in  har- 
mony with  his  party,  retiring  to  private  life  at  its  close  with  many  warm 
friendships.  In  1870  Governor  Briggs  removed  to  Council  Bluffs  and  the 
last  six  years  of  his  life  were  spent  with  his  son.  John  S.,  in  Omaha, 
Nebraska,  where  he  died  on  the  5th  of  May,  1881.     Governor  Gear  issued 


30  HISTORY 


a  proclamation  reciting  his  aervices  as  the  first  Governor  of  the  State  and 
the  national  flag  was  floated  at  half-mast  from  the  State  House  on  the 
day  of  his  funeral. 

JOHNSON  BRIGHAM  was  born  at  Cherry  Valley,  New  York,  in  1846. 
His  early  education  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools  of  Elmira  and 
Watkins,  while  later  he  attended  Hajnilton  College  and  Cornell  University. 
When  the  Civil  War  began  Mr.  Brigham  enlisted  in  the  One  Hundred 
Fifty- third  New  York  Volunteers,  but  was  rejected  by  reason  of  being 
under  age.  He  then  applied  for  a  position  in  the  service  of  the  United 
States  Sanitary  Commission,  was  accepted,  remaining  in  Washington  for  a 
year.  He  was  promoted  to  chief  clerk,  first  assistant  in  the  central  ofi&ce 
at  the  National  Capital  for  services  rendered  during  and  following  the 
exchange  of  prisoners  near  Savannah  in  the  autumn  of  1864.  Nine  years 
later  he  was  appointed  canal  collector  at  Brockport,  New  York.  In  1881 
Mr.  Brigham  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Cedar  Rapids  where  for  twelve 
years  he  was  editor-in-chief  of  the  Daily  Republican.  While  there  he 
served  as  chairman  of  the  Fifth  District  Congressional  Committee  and  in 
1892  was  president  of  the  Republican  League  of  Iowa  and  prominently 
mentioned  for  Congress.  Later  he  was  appointed  United  States  Consul 
to  Aix  la  Chapelle,  which  position  he  resigned  and,  coming  to  Des  Moines, 
founded  the  Midland  Monthly,  a  periodical  devoted  to  the  development  of 
the  literary  interests  of  the  middle  west.  In  1899  he  was  appointed  State 
librarian  by  Governor  Shaw,  and  sold  his  magazine  which  was  moved  to 
St.  Louis.  He  has  been  chosen  president  of  the  State  Library  Commis- 
sion. Mr.  Brigham  is  a  man  of  wide  culture  and  unusual  literary  ability. 
Articles  from  his  pen  are  sought  by  such  periodicals  as  the  Century  Maga- 
zine, Youth's  Companion,  Chautauquan,  Forum,  Review  of  Reviews,  In- 
ternational Monthly,  Library  Journal,  as  well  as  the  Annals  of  Iowa  and 
the  Iowa  Journal  of  History  and  Politics. 

AARON  BROWN  was  a  native  of  Mississippi,  where  he  was  born  in 
1822.  Detesting  human  slavery  he  came  north  and  settled  in  Fayette 
County,  Iowa.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  organizing  the  movement 
against  the  extension  of  slavery  in  the  new  Territories  which  resulted  in 
the  establishment  of  the  Republican  party.  In  the  fall  of  1856  he  was 
nominated  for  State  Senator  by  the  Republicans  of  the  Third  District  com- 
posed of  the  counties  of  Fayette,  Bremer,  Butler,  Franklin.  Grundy,  Har- 
din, Wright.  Webster,  Boone,  Story,  Greene  and  Humboldt  and  made  a 
vigorous  canvass  of  that  large,  sparsely  settled  territory,  traveling  on 
horseback,  then  the  only  mode  of  conveyance  practicable,  and  holding 
meetings  in  rude  log  cabins.  He  was  elected  and  served  four  years  with 
marked  ability.  When  the  Civil  War  began  he  was  commissioned  first 
lieutenant  of  Company  A,  Third  Volunteer  Infantry.     He  was  soon  pro- 


JOHNSON    BRIGHAM, 
State  Librarian 


OF  IOWA  31 


moted  to  captain  and  when  Major  W.  M.  Stone  resigned  Captain  Brown 
succeeded  to  that  rank.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh  and  Corinth, 
Hatchie  and  Jackson.  In  Lauman's  disastrous  charge  at  Jackson^  Colo- 
nel Brown  was  wounded.  In  July,  1864,  he  resigned  his  commission  and 
returned  home.  In  1870  he  was  elected  Register  of  the  State  Land  Office, 
serving  four  years. 

JOHN  L.  BROWN  was  born  in  Essex  County,  New  Jersey,  October 
31,  1838.  He  first  came  to  Iowa  in  1856  but  returned  to  Indiana  where 
his  father  had  located  and  attended  and  taught  school.  When  the  Civil 
War  began,  he  enlisted  in  Company  A,  Seventeenth  Indiana  Volunteers, 
and  at  the  Battle  of  Resaca  received  a  gunshot  wound  which  caused  the 
amputation  of  his  arm.  Upon  the  close  of  the  war  he  attended  a  Metho- 
dist Academy  at  Danville,  and  in  1870  moved  to  Chariton  in  Lucas  County, 
Iowa,  which  became  his  permanent  home.  He  has  held  many  offices  in  the 
county,  serving  seven  years  as  auditor,  and  resigning  to  become  Auditor  of 
State  in  1883.  He  inaugurated  many  reforms  in  the  insurance  depart- 
ment which  arrayed  against  him  powerful  corporations  which  sought  to 
have  him  impeached  for  official  misconduct.  After  a  lengthy  trial  he 
was  acquitted  of  all  serious  charges  and  a  subsequent  Greneral  Assembly 
reimbursed  him  for  expenses  incurred  in  the  trial.  The  reforms  which  he 
accomplished  placed  the  insurance  companies  of  the  State  on  a  sound 
basis  requiring  them  to  make  good  impaired  capital.  Upon  the  retire- 
ment of  Mr.  Brown  from  official  life  he  returned  to  Chariton  and  pur- 
chased the  Herald,  of  which  he  became  the  editor  and  publisher. 

TIMOTHY  BROWN  is  an  attorney  who  has  practiced  law  in  Mar- 
shalltown  for  a  period  of  nearly  fifty  years.  He  was  bom  in  Otsego 
County,  New  York,  December  27,  1827.  Mr.  Brown  was  reared  on  a  farm, 
acquiring  his  education  in  the  district  schools  with  two  years  at  an  acad- 
emy and  read  law  before  coming  to  Iowa  in  1855.  He  first  stopped  at 
Toledo,  but  soon  changed  his  residence  to  Marshalltown.  He  is  a  lawyer 
of  ability  and  aside  from  practice  has  found  time  to  compile  and  publish 
a  standard  work  on  "  Jurisdiction  of  Courts."  He  has  literary  and  scien- 
tific tastes,  is  a  thorough  believer  in  evolution  as  taught  by  Htixley,  Dar- 
win and  Spencer,  holding  that  man  is  a  part  of  created  life,  simply  higher 
in  development  than  other  animal  life.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume 
called  "  Biogeny  "  setting  forth  his  ideas  of  animate  nature.  He  is  inde- 
pendent in  politics  and  opposed  to  the  recent  policy  of  wars  of  conquest 
by  our  Republic.  He  is  an  earnest  advocate  of  compulsory  education  and 
the  establishment  of  public  libraries. 

JESSE  B.  BROWNE,  one  of  the  earliest  lawmakers  of  Iowa,  was 
born  in   Christian   County,   Kentucky,   early  in   the   Nineteenth   Century. 


32  HISTOEY 


He  removed  to  Illinois  when  a  young  man  and  commanded  a  company  of 
Rangers  in  the  Black  Hawk  War.  In  August  1833,  he  was  appointed  cap- 
tain in  the  First  Dragoons  in  the  regular  army  and  was  stationed  at  a 
military  post  at  Montrose  in  the  "  Black  Hawk  Purchase."  In  1837  Cap- 
tain Browne  resigned  his  commission  and  settled  at  Fort  Madison.  When 
the  Territory  of  Iowa  was  established  in  1838,  he  was  elected  member  of 
the  Legislative  Council  on  the  Whig  ticket  and  upon  its  organization  was 
chosen  President.  He  served  in  the  Council  four  terms  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House  of  the  Eighth  and  last  Territorial  Legislature.  After 
Iowa  became  a  State,  Captain  Browne  was  elected  to  the  First  General 
Assembly  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House,  serving  at  a  regular  and 
extra  session.  In  1847  he  was  nominated  for  Congress  by  the  Whigs  of 
the  First  District  but  was  defeated  in  the  election  by  William  Thompson. 
He  became  a  Brigadier-General  of  the  State  militia  and  was  appointed  by 
the  President  one  of  the  visitors  to  West  Point  Military  Academy.  He 
was  a  man  six  feet  seven  inches  tall,  of  commanding  presence,  polished  man- 
ners and  popular.  He  was  the  only  Iowa  legislator  ever  elected  to  preside 
over  both  branches  of  the  General  Assembly.  He  died  in  Kentucky  in 
1864. 

J.  L.  BUDD  was  born  near  West  Point,  New  York,  in  1837.  He  was 
educated  in  the  common  schools  and  normal  institutes  and  taught  school 
several  years  in  Illinois.  In  1858  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  on  a  farm 
in  Benton  County,  where  he  engaged  in  fruit  tree  propagation  and  ex- 
perimental work  in  fruit  growing.  In  1873  he  was  elected  secretary  of  the 
Iowa  State  Horticultural  Society,  a  position  which  he  held  for  twenty 
years,  editing  the  annual  report  of  the  society.  In  1876  he  was  chosen 
Professor  of  Horticulture  and  Forestry  in  the  Iowa  Agricultural  College 
serving  until  1899.  During  this  time  he  engaged  in  experimental  work 
in  the  propagation  of  trees  and  plants  to  demonstrate  which  varieties  were 
best  adapted  to  Iowa  climate  and  soils.  He  imported  varieties  from 
Europe  and  Asia,  for  many  years  testing  them  in  the  college  grounds 
and  reporting  upon  success  and  failure  of  different  varieties.  He  was  for 
many  years  horticultural  editor  of  the  Iowa  State  Register  and  contributed 
to  other  publications.  He  has  been  engaged  in  preparing  a  Handbook  of 
Horticulture  and  the  American  Horticultural  Manual. 

HENRY  C.  BULIS  was  born  in  Clinton  County,  New  York.  Novem- 
ber 7,  1830.  His  father  removed  to  Vermont  and  settled  on  a  farm  where 
Henry  lived  until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  assisting  at  farm  work  during 
the  summers  and  attending  district  school  during  the  winter  months.  He 
taught  school  several  terms  and  attended  medical  lectures,  taking  a  de- 
gree at  a  medical  college  in  Philadelphia  in  1854.  In  October  of  that 
year  he  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Decorah,  where  he  entered  upon  the 


OF   IOWA  33 


practice  of  medicine.  In  1858  he  was  elected  superintendent  of  schools. 
In  the  fall  of  1865  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  for  the  State 
Senate  and  elected  for  four  years.  In  that  body  he  served  as  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  schools  and  State  University.  In  1871  he  became  the 
Republican  candidate  for  Lieutenant-Governor  and  was  elected,  serving 
one  term.  In  1876  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Sioux  Indian  Com- 
mission for  the  purpose  of  purchasing  the  Black  Hills  reservation.  In 
1878  he  was  appointed  a  special  Indian  agent  but  resigned  after  nine 
months'  service.  He  served  in  1883  as  a  special  agent  of  the  Land  De- 
partment. Mr.  Bulis  was  a  prominent  candidate  before  the  Republican 
Convention  in  1889  for  Representative  in  Congress  in  the  Fourth  Dis- 
trict but  after  sixty  ballots  withdrew  in  favor  of  J.  H.  Sweeney,  who  was 
nominated.  He  served  as  a  regent  of  the  State  University  many  years 
and  was  curator  of  the  State  Historical  Society,  mayor  and  postmaster 
of  Decorah.    Dr.  Bulis  died  at  Decorah  on  the  7th  of  September,  1897. 

SAMUEL  S.  BURDETT  was  born  in  England,  in  1835,  and  emigrated 
to  America  in  1856.  After  graduating  at  Oberlin  College  he  located  at 
De  Witt  in  Clinton  County,  where  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  with 
Judge  Graham.  He  was  a  radical  Abolitionist  and  an  active  agent  of  the 
"  underground  railroad,"  a  warm  friend  of  John  Brown,  assisting  many 
fugitive  slaves  on  their  way  to  Canada.  He  was  a  prominent  Republican 
speaker  in  the  Lincoln  campaign  of  1860.  When  the  Rebellion  began  he 
helped  raise  a  company  for  the  First  Iowa  Cavalry,  was  commissioned 
lieutenant  of  Company  B,  and  was  soon  promoted  to  captain.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Provost  Marshal  at  St.  Louis  and  organized  the  plans  for  the 
arrest  of  Mulligan  and  his  gang  of  so-called  "  Sons  of  Liberty  "  in  Indi- 
ana. In  1868  he  was  one  of  the  Presidential  electors  in  Iowa,  casting  the 
vote  of  the  State  for  General  Grant.  He  removed  to  Osceola,  Missouri, 
where  he  served  two  terms  in  Congress.  In  1877  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Hayes  Commissioner  of  the  United  States  Land  Department  at 
Washington,  where  he  served  eight  years.  In  1885  he  was  chosen  Grand 
Commander  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic. 

ROBERT  J.  BURDETTE,  journalist,  lecturer  and  author,  was  born 
July  30,  1844,  in  Greensborough,  Pennsylvania.  He  removed  to  Peoria, 
Illinois,  and  when  the  Civil  War  began  enlisted  as  a  private  and  served 
until  peace  was  established,  when  he  returned  to  a  position  as  a  clerk  in 
the  Peoria  post-office.  He  afterwards  became  a  proofreader  on  the  Peoria 
Transcript,  and  later  night  editor  of  the  same  paper.  Here  he  began  to 
develop  a  remarkable  talent  which  attracted  the  attention  of  the  news- 
paper fraternity  and  was  offered  a  position  on  the  Burlington  Hawkeye. 
In  a  few  years  he  gave  that  paper  a  national  reputation  and  correspond- 
ing circulation  outside  of  the  State.     As  a  humorous  writer  he  had  few 

[Vol.  4] 


34  HISTORY 


equals  and  his  fame  extended  wherever  the  English  language  was  read. 
He  remained  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  Hawkeye  for  more  than  ten  years, 
when  his  ever  growing  fame  brought  him  tempting  offers  from  the  great 
metropolitan  journals  and  he  accepted  a  position  on  the  Brooklyn  Eagle. 
He  entered  the  lecture  field  and  was  in  great  demand  over  the  entire 
country,  winning  additional  reputation.  He  wrote  several  books  which 
had  large  sales,  among  which  were  "  Hawkeyes,"  "  Rise  and  Fall  of  the 
Mustache,"  "  Innaeh  Garden  and  Other  Comic  Sketches,"  and  "  Life  of  Wil- 
liam Penn." 

THEODORE  W.  BURDICK  was  born  at  Evansburg,  Crawford  County, 
Pennsylvania,  October  7,  1836.  He  received  a  liberal  education  and  came 
with  his  father  to  Iowa  in  1853,  taking  up  his  residence  at  Decorah.  In 
1854  he  was  appointed  deputy  treasurer  of  the  county  and  later  was  elected 
recorder  and  treasurer,  serving  until  1862  when  he  resigned  to  raise  a 
company  for  the  Union  Army.  He  was  appointed  Captain  of  Company  D, 
Sixth  Iowa  Cavalry,  where  he  served  three  years  in  the  Department  of  the 
Northwest  against  the  Indians.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to 
Decorah  and  became  cashier  of  the  First  National  Bank.  In  1876  he  was 
elected  to  Congress  from  the  Third  District  on  the  Republican  ticket,  serv- 
ing but  one  term. 

HOWARD  A.  BURRELL  of  the  Washington  Press  has  won  a  State- 
wide reputation  as  a  journalist.  Independent  in  action  and  fearless  in 
criticism,  he  possesses  a  style  peculiar  to  himself.  He  is  an  enthusiastic 
lover  of  nature  and  sees  beauties  in  the  woods,  fields,  animals  and  sky, 
that  find  poetic  expression  in  words  of  deep  appreciation.  Mr.  Burrell 
was  born  in  Sheffield,  Ohio,  January  4,  1838,  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools  and  at  Oberlin  College.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1866,  making  his 
home  at  Washington,  in  Washington  County.  He  first  taught  school,  then 
worked  on  a  newspaper,  finding  congenial  occupation  in  the  latter.  He 
has  been  editor  of  the  Washington  Press  long  enough  to  rank  with  the 
veteran  journalists  of  Iowa,  and  his  paper  is  among  the  brightest  and 
most  widely  known  in  the  State.  He  is  a  Republican  who  has  never 
sought  office  but  has  done  good  service  for  twelve  years  as  one  of  the 
Regents  of  the  State  University. 

CYRUS  BUSSEY  was  born  October  5,  1833,  in  Trumbull  County, 
Ohio,  and  was  educated  at  various  places  where  his  father  was  stationed 
as  a  Methodist  minister.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  began  the  study 
of  medicine.  In  July,  1855,  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Bloomfield  in 
Davis  County  where  he  opened  a  store.  In  1859  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Democrats  of  Davis  County  for  State  Senator  and  elected.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Convention   in    1860  which   met  at 


OF  IOWA  35 


Baltimore  and  nominated  Stephen  A.  Douglas  for  President.  At  the 
extra  session  of  the  Legislature  in  May,  1861,  called  by  Governor  Kirk- 
wood  to  place  the  State  on  a  war  footing,  Cyrus  Bussey  was  among  the 
Democrats  who  gave  a  warm  support  to  the  war  measures.  At  the  close 
of  the  session  he  helped  raise  the  Third  Iowa  Cavalry  Regiment  of  which 
he  was  commissioned  colonel.  He  was  a  gallant  ofBcer  and  in  1864  was 
promoted  to  Brigadier-General.  After  the  war  he  located  at  New  Or- 
leans and  became  President  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce.  In  1868  he 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  which  nominated 
General  Grant  for  President.  In  1880  he  was  again  a  delegate  to  the  Re- 
publican Convention  and  was  one  of  the  famous  three  hundred  six  dele- 
gates who  voted  for  Grant  for  a  third  term.  In  1889  General  Bussey  was 
appointed  by  President  Harrison  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Interior  where 
he  served  until  1893.  General  Bussey  left  the  Democratic  party  early  in 
the  Civil  War  and  became  a  Republican,  often  taking  an  active  part  in 
the  national  campaigns  as  a  public  speaker. 

WALTER  H.  BUTLER  was  born  in  Springboro,  Crawford  County, 
Pennsylvania,  on  the  13th  of  February,  1852.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1875, 
making  his  home  at  West  Union  in  Fayette  County.  In  1890  he  was 
nominated  for  Representative  in  Congress  by  the  Democrats  of  the  Fourth 
District  and  was  elected  over  J.  H.  Sweeney,  Republican,  by  a  plurality  of 
1,949.     He  served  but  one  term,  being  defeated  for  reelection,  in  1892. 

EBER  C.  BYAM  was  born  in  Canada  in  1826.  He  came  to  Iowa, 
locating  in  Linn  County.  He  was  for  many  years  a  minister  of  the  Metho- 
dist church  and  at  one  time  presiding  elder.  In  the  organization  of  the 
Twenty-fourth  Iowa  Infanti-y,  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Kirkwood 
its  colonel.  He  did  not  prove  adapted  to  military  command  and  resigned 
his  commission  on  the  30th  of  June,  1863.  In  1871  he  was  appointed 
Register  of  the  United  States  Land  Office  at  Fort  Dodge  and  remained  in 
that  city  several  years  in  the  real  estate  business.  He  finally  moved  to 
Rochester,  New  York,  where  he  died  many  years  ago. 

HOWARD  W.  BYERS  was  born  in  Woodstock,  Wisconsin,  on  Christ- 
mas Day,  1856.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools  of 
Wisconsin.  In  1873  he  came  to  Iowa,  first  locating  on  a  farm  near  Gar- 
ner, in  Hancock  County.  Subsequently  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  in  1888.  He  removed  to  Shelby  County,  where  in  1893  he  was 
elected  Representative  in  the  Twenty-fifth  General  Assembly,  on  the  Re- 
publican ticket.  He  was  reelected  in  1895  and  chosen  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  the  Twenty-sixth  General  Assembly.  In  1899  Mr.  Byers  was 
again  elected   Representative,   serving   in  the   Twenty-eighth   General   As- 


36  HISTORY 


sembly.     In  the  political  contest  for  Governor  in  1901,  Mr.  Byers  was  a 
warm  supporter  of  Mr.   Cummins  for  that  position. 

MELVIN  H.  BYERS  was  born  in  Noble  County,  Ohio,  January  12, 
1846.  When  seven  years  of  age  his  father  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Glen- 
wood,  Mills  County,  later  removing  to  a  farm  where  the  son  worked  sum- 
mers, attending  the  public  schools  winters.  In  January,  1864,  Melvin 
enlisted  in  Company  B,  Twenty-ninth  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry,  serving 
until  the  close  of  the  Civil  War.  He  served  as  recorder  of  Mills  County 
and  mayor  of  Glenwood.  In  1879  he  enlisted  in  the  Iowa  National  Guard 
and  has  been  promoted  from  private  to  major.  In  1898  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  Governor  Shaw  Adjutant  General  of  the  State.  Upon  him 
devolved  the  responsibility  of  organizing  the  quota  of  troops  which  Iowa 
was  called  upon  to  furnish  for  the  Spanish  War.  This  duty  was  per- 
formed with  a  degree  of  energy  and  ability  that  placed  the  Iowa  troops 
in  the  field  with  thorough  drill  and  equipment  unsurpassed  by  those  of 
any  State  in  the  Union.  During  his  administration  General  Byers  has 
brought  the  National  Guard  of  Iowa  to  a  high  degree  of  efficiency  in  all 
soldierly  qualities. 

SAMUEL  H.  M.  BYERS  was  born  in  Pulaski,  Pennsylvania,  in  1838. 
Coming  to  Iowa  in  1851  with  his  father  he  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  Oskaloosa,  where  his  father  located.  He  enlisted  in  the  Fifth  Iowa  In- 
fantry and  served  in  the  army  until  March,  1865,  was  promoted  to  adju- 
tant in  April,  1863.  He  was  in  many  battles  and  in  a  charge  at  Mia- 
aionary  Ridge  was  taken  prisoner  and  for  fifteen  months  suffered  the  hor- 
rors of  Libby  and  other  Confederate  prisons.  He  finally  escaped  and  re- 
turned to  the  army,  where  for  a  time  he  was  on  General  Sherman's  staff. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  brevetted  major.  While  in  prison  at 
Columbia,  South  Carolina,  he  wrote  the  well-known  song,  "  The  March  to 
the  Sea,"  which  brought  him  into  national  notice.  It  gave  the  name  to 
Sherman's  famous  march  and  thousands  of  copies  were  sold  immediately 
after  the  war.  Major  Byers  was  sent  by  General  Sherman  to  General 
Grant  and  President  Lincoln  as  bearer  of  dispatches  announcing  his  great 
victories.  He  served  fifteen  years  as  American  consul  at  Zurich  in 
Switzerland  and  was  under  President  Arthur,  Consul  General  for  Italy. 
Under  President  Harrison  he  served  as  Consul  to  St.  Gall  and  later  as 
Consul  General  for  Switzerland.  Major  Byers  has  been  a  contributor  to 
the  leading  magazines  of  the  country.  He  is  the  author  of  "  Iowa  in  War 
Times,"  "  Switzerland  and  the  Swiss,"  "  Twenty  Years  in  Europe "  and 
several  volumes  of  poetry. 

HENRY  C.  CALDWELL  was  born  in  Marshall  County,  Virginia,  Sep- 
tember 4,  1832.     His  father  came  with  his  family  to  the  "  Black  Hawk 


OF  IOWA  37 


Purchase  "  in  1836,  locating  at  Bentonsport,  in  Van  Buren  County.  Here 
the  son  assisted  in  the  work  of  the  farm,  attending  the  public  school  in 
the  winter.  He  began  to  read  law  at  the  early  age  of  thirteen  and  in  1847 
walked  to  Keosauqua  and  procured  a  place  in  the  law  oflQce  of  Wright 
and  Knapp.  After  a  few  years  he  became  a  partner  in  the  firm  and  when 
twenty- four  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney.  In  1859  he  was  elected 
to  the  House  of  the  Eighth  General  Assembly  and  was  appointed  chair- 
man of  the  judiciary  committee.  When  the  Civil  War  began  he  was 
commissioned  major  of  the  Third  Cavalry  and  reached  the  rank  of  colonel 
in  1864.  In  June  of  that  year  he  was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln 
Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  Arkansas.  He  served  in  that 
position  until  1891  when  he  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  United  States 
Circuit  Court  for  the  District  of  Arkansas,  Missouri,  Kansas,  Nebraska, 
Iowa,  Minnesota,  North  and  South  Dakota,  Wyoming  and  Colorado.  He 
has  rendered  many  important  and  far-reaching  decisions  affecting  the 
rights  of  the  common  people  and  especially  protecting  laborers  from  oppres- 
sion of  powerful  corporations.  In  his  official  capacity  he  is  above  the  in- 
jSuence  which  wealth  and  power  too  often  combine  to  accomplish  selfish 
purposes. 

TIMOTHY  J.  CALDWELL,  pioneer  physician,  was  born  in  North 
Carolina,  in  1839,  growing  to  manhood  on  a  farm  and  acquiring  his  early 
education  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  State.  In  1853  he  removed 
to  Iowa,  settling  at  Redfield  in  Dallas  County,  and  three  years  later  be- 
gan the  study  of  medicine.  Later  he  entered  the  Medical  College  at  Keo- 
kuk, from  which  he  was  graduated  in  the  class  of  1861.  He  located  at 
Adel  where  he  began  to  practice  medicine.  In  1864  he  was  appointed  sur- 
geon of  the  Twenty-third  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry,  serving  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  He  then  spent  a  year  in  study  at  Philadelphia  and  another 
in  Bellevue  Hospital  in  New  York.  In  1891  he  took  post-graduate  work 
in  New  York  and  gave  one  winter  to  study  at  New  Orleans.  He  has 
served  as  president  of  the  State  Medical  Society  of  Iowa.  In  politics  Dr. 
Caldwell  is  a  Republican  arid  in  1881  was  elected  Representative  in  the 
Nineteenth  General  Assembly.  At  the  close  of  his  term  he  was  elected  to 
the  Senate  from  the  District  composed  of  the  counties  of  Audubon,  Guthrie 
and  Dallas,  where  he  served  by  reelection  in  the  Twentieth,  Twenty-first, 
Twenty-second  and  Twenty-third  General  Assemblies.  Dr.  Caldwell  was 
president  of  the  company  which  built  the  railroad  from  Waukee  to  Adel 
and  has  always  been  interested  in  the  growth  of  his  home  town. 

AMBROSE  A.  CALL,  one  of  the  earliest  pioneers  of  Kossuth  County, 
was  born  in  Huron  County,  Ohio,  June  9,  1833.  He  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  Indiana  and  left  home  at  the  age  of  fifteen.  In  the 
spring  of  1854  he  came  to  Iowa,  journeying  from  Iowa  City  over  the  wild 


38  HISTORY 


prairies  to  Kossuth  County,  where  with  his  -brother,  Asa  C,  he  formed 
the  nucleus  of  a  settlement  by  erecting  the  first  log  cabin  north  of  Fort 
Dodge.  The  two  brothers  founded  the  town  of  Algona,  and  in  1861  Am- 
brose established  the  Algona  Pioneer  Press,  the  first  newspaper  in  that 
section  of  the  State.  For  years  these  pioneers  labored  to  secure  railroads 
and  develop  their  town  and  county,  working  also  for  the  material  inter- 
ests and  settlement  of  northwestern  Iowa.  Ambrose  has  acquired  large 
interests  in  land  and  business  enterprises  in  Algona  and  has  expended 
his  means  freely  in  the  improvements  which  have  made  Algona  one  of  the 
most  prosperous  towns  of  northwestern  Iowa.  He  has  contributed  many 
valuable  historical  articles  to  the  literature  of  early  times  in  that  sec- 
tion of  the  State. 

ASA  C.  CALL,  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  Kossuth  County,  was  born 
in  Ohio  in  1825.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Oberlin  College  and  studied  law. 
In  1850  he  went  to  California  remaining  several  years.  In  1854  he,  with 
his  brother,  .Ambrose  A.,  made  a  journey  into  northwestern  Iowa  far  be- 
yond any  settlement  and  entered  a  large  tract  of  prairie  and  woodland 
on  the  east  fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River.  Here  they  built  log  cabins 
and  began  to  found  a  settlement.  They  built  a  mill  on  the  river  bank  and 
laid  out  a  town  which  they  named  Algona.  They  secured  the  organiza- 
tion of  Kossuth  County,  of  which  Algona  was  made  the  county-seat.  Here, 
for  years,  the  two  enterprising  brothers  labored  with  great  success  to 
secure  settlers  and  were  liberal  promoters  of  every  enterprise  for  building 
up  Algona.  They  established  a  newspaper,  projected  a  college  and  finally 
secured  one  of  the  trunk  lines  of  railroad.  Asa  C.  was  the  first  judge  of 
the  county,  an  influential  Republican  and  in  1884  a  delegate  from  Iowa 
to  the  National  Republican  Convention.  The  two  brothers  were  for  more 
than  thirty  years  the  most  widely  known  of  the  pioneer  settlers  of  north- 
western Iowa  and  realized  ample  fortunes  from  their  early  investments. 
Asa  C.  died  on  the  6th  of  January,  1892. 

MARTHA  COONLEY  CALLANAN  was  born  in  Albany  County,  New 
York,  May  18,  1826.  Her  youthful  days  were  spent  on  a  farm  near  the 
Hudson  River.  She  received  a  good  education  in  the  schools  of  Albany  and 
in  1846  was  married  to  James  Callanan.  In  1863  they  removed  to  Iowa, 
locating  at  Des  Moines.  Mrs.  Callanan  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  re- 
form movements  of  the  times  and  in  1870  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  State  Equal  Suffrage  Association,  which  was  established  at  a  conven- 
tion held  in  Des  Moines.  She  was  always  a  liberal  contributor  to  its 
finances  and  an  earnest  and  faithful  worker  in  the  cause.  For  many  years 
she  was  the  editor  and  publisher  of  the  Woman's  Standard  and  a  constant 
contributor  to  its  columns.  She  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Woman's 
Christian  Temperance  Union  and  one  of  the  founders  and  contributors  of 


Ji^-Uf^^ 


^':^rica!i  ffiofi,  r^nLoi.njca^Q 


OF  JOWA  39 


the  Benedict  Home  for  friendless  girls.  Mrs.  Callanan  was  also  one  of  the 
founders  and  generous  supporters  of  the  Home  for  the  Aged  which  was 
erected  at  Des  Moines.  She  was  many  times  president  of  the  Equal  Suff- 
rage Association  and  always  one  of  its  trusted  counselors.  Mrs.  Callanan 
took  a  deep  interest  in  missionary  work  and  was  a  liberal  contributor  to 
the  cause.  Her  whole  life  was  filled  with  good  deeds  and  her  wealth  was 
used  liberally  in  aiding  the  worthy  unfortunate  and  promoting  good  works. 
She  died  on  the  16th  of  August,  1901. 

JAMES  CALLANAN  is  a  native  of  Albany  County,  New  York,  where 
in  the  toAvn  of  New  Scotland,  he  was  born  on  the  12th  of  November,  1818. 
He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  at  Caze- 
novia  Seminary,  where  he  remained  three  years.  Later  he  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1845,  at  once  entering  upon  practice  at  Al- 
bany. In  1863  Mr.  Callanan  was  called  to  Iowa  to  look  after  real  estate 
investments  in  and  near  Des  Moines  and  has  since  made  that  city  his 
home.  He  has  been  largely  interested  in  many  of  the  financial  institutions 
of  the  Capital  City,  being  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Hawkeye  Insurance 
Company,  president  of  the  Capital  City  Bank,  and  a  stockholder  or  direc- 
tor in  the  Citizens'  National  and  State  Savings  Banks  and  in  the  Iowa 
Loan  and  Trust  Company.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  promoters 
of  the  Des  Moines  and  Minneapolis  Railroad  Company  and  largely  inter- 
ested in  raining  properties.  Mr.  Callanan  has  been  a  life-long  advocate  of 
temperance  and  always  been  a  large  contributor  to  the  cause.  He  has 
given  liberal  aid  to  a  number  of  benevolent  institutions  of  Des  Moines, 
among  which  are  the  Home  for  the  Aged,  the  Iowa  Methodist  Hospital 
and  the  Children's  Home.  He  has  been  a  liberal  promoter  of  churches 
and  education  and  was  a  large  contributor  in  the  establishment  of  Calla- 
nan College.  He  saved  the  closing  of  his  Alma  Mater  at  a  critical  period 
by  buying  the  bonds  of  the  institution.  The  aid  that  Mr.  Callanan  has 
rendered  friendless  boys  and  girls  toward  a  start  in  the  right  direction, 
can  never  be  known  to  the  public.  He  has  always  been  one  of  the  chief 
promoters  and  a  liberal  contributor  to  the  work  of  the  Humane  Society. 

SAMUEL  CALVIN  is  a  native  of  Scotland,  where  he  was  born  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1840.  The  first  eleven  years  of  his  life  were  spent  amid  the 
scenes  made  famous  by  Walter  Scott  and  later  by  Crockett.  With  his 
father's  family  he  then  came  to  America,  remaining  four  years  in  Sara- 
toga County,  New  York,  then  removing  to  Buchanan  County,  Iowa.  Here 
he  learned  the  trade  of  carpenter  and  joiner,  devoting  his  summers  to 
work  and  his  winters  to  study  and  teaching.  In  1862  he  entered  Lenox 
College,  remaining  until  1864  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Forty- fourth  Iowa 
Volunteers  and  served  in  southern  Tennessee  and  northern  Mississippi 
until  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  service.     Study  was  now  resumed, 


40  HISTORY 


to  which  was  added  teaching,  first  as  instructor  and  later  as  professor  of 
mathematics  and  natural  history.  In  1869  Professor  Calvin  was  made 
principal  of  the  Fourth  Ward  School  of  Dubuque  where  he  remained  until 
1874  when  he  was  elected  Professor  of  Natural  Science  at  the  State 
University,  succeeding  Dr.  C.  A.  White.  At  that  time  the  professor  of 
natural  science  was  required  to  teach  geology,  zoology,  physiology  and 
botany.  This  wide  field  has  been  gradually  divided  among  other  profes- 
sors and  instructors  until  Professor  Calvin  occupied  the  chair  of  geology 
alone.  He  has  been  a  constant  investigator  and  contributor  to  the  liter- 
ature of  his  chosen  specialty.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  and  remains 
one  of  the  editors  of  the  American  Geologist,  the  oldest  exclusively  geo- 
lo<pcal  journal  in  America.  He  was  one  of  the  original  fellows  of  the 
Geological  Society  of  America  and  has  long  been  a  member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science.  In  1890  he  served  as 
secretary  of  the  geological  section  and  in  1894  as  vice-president  of  the 
association  and  presiding  officer  of  the  section.  His  address  delivered  in 
Brooklyn,  attracted  much  favorable  comment,  both  in  this  country  and 
Europe.  The  degree  of  M.  A.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  Cornell  College 
and  that  of  Ph.D.  by  Lenox  College.  In  1892  Professor  Calvin  was  ap- 
pointed State  Geologist  of  Iowa,  which  position  he  has  filled  with  marked 
ability  as  shown  by  the  high  standing  the  survey  has  attained  at  home 
and  abroad. 

"The  economical  results  of  the  work  are  becoming  more  and  more 
apparent  and  to  Professor  Calvin  the  State  is  mainly  indebted  for  them. 
He  will  probably,  however,  be  longest  remembered  and  best  known  as  the 
teacher  of  hundreds  of  men  and  women  occupying  important  positions 
throughout  the  State." 

EDWARD  CAMPBELL,  farmer,  lawmaker  and  politician,  was  born 
in  Washington  County,  Pennsylvania,  January  1,  1820.  From  early  boy- 
hood he  was  obliged  to  rely  upon  his  own  resources  but  he  procured  a 
good  education  by  reading  without  instruction.  He  was  a  Democrat  from 
the  time  he  was  old  enough  to  take  an  interest  in  politics  and  during  his 
entire  life  retained  that  faith  and  was  one  of  the  trusted  leaders  of  his 
party  in  Iowa.  He  was  a  warm  supporter  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas  in 
1860,  and  served  as  sheriff  and  prothonotary  for  many  years  in  Pennsyl- 
vania before  coming  to  Iowa  in  1865.  Locating  on  a  farm  in  Jefferson 
County,  near  Fairfield,  he  became  a  progressive  farmer,  intelligent  and 
successful.  For  ten  years  he  was  chairman  of  the  Democratic  State  Cen- 
tral Committee  and  one  of  the  most  trusted  councilors  of  his  party  up  to 
the  time  of  William  J.  Bryan's  nomination  for  President,  when  he  affili- 
ated with  the  ■'  Gold  Standard  "  wing  which  supported  Palmer  for  Presi- 
dent. He  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Fourteenth  General  Assembly 
in  the  fall  of  1871,  serving  in  the  regular  and  extra  session,  which  re- 
vised the  code.     When  Cleveland  was  elected  President,  Mr.  Campbell  was 


OF  IOWA  41 


appointed  United  States  Marshal  for  the  Southern  District  of  Iowa.     Death 
came  to  him  on  the  9th  of  March,  1901. 

FRANK  T.  CAMPBELL  was  born  on  the  8th  of  May,  1836,  in  the 
State  of  Ohio.  He  received  a  good  education  and  in  1856  moved  to  New- 
ton, Iowa,  where  for  several  years  he,  with  his  brother  A.  K.  Campbell, 
published  the  'Newton  Journal.  In  1869,  Frank  T.  was  elected  on  the  Re- 
publican ticket  member  of  the  State  Senate.  In  that  body  he  was  one  of 
the  leading  advocates  of  legislation  fixing  by  law  a  tariff  for  railroad 
freight  charges.  He  had  carefully  prepared  for  the  leadership  in  that 
first  energetic  attempt  by  the  Iowa  Legislature  to  regulate  by  law  rail- 
road charges,  and  was  able  to  meet  and  successfully  overcome  objections 
raised  by  the  attorneys  of  the  corporations.  Under  his  judicious  manage- 
ment the  famous  legislation  was  successfully  carried  through  which  be- 
came known  as  the  "  Grange  Laws."  He  served  in  the  Senate  eight  years 
and  in  the  fall  of  1877  was  nominated  by  the  Republican  State  Conven- 
tion for  the  office  of  Lieutenant-Governor.  He  was  elected  serving  with 
marked  ability  as  President  of  the  Senate  for  four  years.  In  1888  he  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Larrabee  Railroad  Commissioner  for  the  term  of 
three  years.  The  Twenty-second  General  Assembly,  having  provided  for 
the  election  of  the  Commissioners,  Mr.  Campbell  was  elected  in  November 
to  serve  three  years  from  January,  1889.  He  removed  to  Des  Moines 
which  has  since  been  his  residence. 

MARGARET  W.  CAMPBELL  was  born  in  Hancock  County,  Maine, 
on  the  16th  of  January,  1827,  and  received  her  education  in  the  district 
schools.  As  early  as  1850  her  attention  was  called  to  the  subject  of  woman 
suffrage  by  reading  the  proceedings  of  the  first  Woman's  Rights  Conven- 
tion held  at  Worcester,  Massacliusetts.  She  soon  became  a  firm  believer  in 
the  reform  but  did  not  enter  the  field  as  a  worker  until  1863.  She  came 
to  Iowa  in  1857,  locating  in  Linn  County.  During  the  War  of  the  Re- 
bellion she  was  active  in  soldiers'  aid  societies  and  at  this  time  made  her 
first  public  speeches  in  the  suffrage  cause,  writing  also  on  the  subject  for 
the  newspapers.  In  February,  1869,  she  attended  an  important  suffrage 
convention  at  Springfield,  Massachusetts,  where  a  number  of  the  national 
leaders  were  among  the  speakers.  Here  Mrs.  Campbell  made  an  eloquent 
address  which  attracted  general  attention.  The  same  year  she  was  sent  as 
a  delegate  to  the  Convention  of  the  American  Woman  Suffrage  Association 
at  Cleveland,  Ohio,  and  in  1870  was  a  delegate  to  the  State  Convention  of 
the  Massachusetts  Woman  Suffrage  Association.  From  this  time  Mrs. 
Campbell  became  one  of  the  prominent  public  speakers  in  the  cause,  in 
New  England  and  New  York.  For  more  than  twenty  years  she  was  an 
officer  of  the  American  Woman  Suffrage  Association  and  for  a  long  time 
was  connected  with  the  Womcm's  Journal.  She  was  associated  with  Lucy 
Stone,  Julia  Ward  Howe  and  other  national  leaders  in  the  reform,  often 


42  HISTORY 


speaking  with  them  at  conventions  in  various  States.  In  November,  1879, 
Mrs.  Campbell  again  settled  in  Iowa  and  was  ever  active  in  the  suffrage 
cause,  taking  part  in  all  of  the  State  campaigns,  in  which  she  has  been 
one  of  the  ablest  and  most  widely  sought  of  the  public  speakers.  She  was 
four  years  President  of  the  State  Suffrage  Association  and  for  two  years 
Corresponding  Secretary.     In  1901  she  removed  to  Joliet,  Illinois. 

CYKUS  C.  CARPENTER,  eighth  Governor  of  Iowa,  was  born  at 
Hartford,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  24th  of  November,  1829.  He  was  reared 
on  a  farm,  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  an  academy  in  his 
native  town.  He  taught  school  two  years  in  Licking  County,  Ohio,  and 
in  the  spring  of  1854  came  to  Iowa,  stopping  a  short  time  at  Des  Moines 
and  then  walking  to  Fort  Dodge.  He  there  engaged  in  surveying,  school 
teaching  and  the  study  of  law.  In  1856  he  was  chosen  county  surveyor 
and  in  March,  1857,  joined  the  relief  expedition  sent  to  Spirit  Lake  to 
aid  the  settlers  driven  from  their  homes  by  the  Sioux  Indians.  In  the 
fall  of  that  year  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  of  the  District 
embracing  seventeen  counties  of  northwestern  Iowa  for  Representative  in 
the  Seventh  General  Assembly.  His  Democratic  competitor  was  the  bril- 
liant young  lawyer  John  F.  Duncombe.  After  a  vigorous  campaign  of  the 
District,  Carpenter  was  elected.  In  that  first  Legislature  under  the  new 
Constitution,  made  up  of  men  of  unusual  ability,  Mr.  Carpenter  laid  the 
foundation  of  his  long  and  honorable  public  career.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  Rebellion  he  was  appointed  to  a  military  position  and  during  the  war 
served  on  the  staff  of  Generals  Rosecrans,  Dodge  and  Logan.  In  1866 
Colonel  Carpenter  was  elected  Register  of  the  State  Land  OflSce,  serving 
two  terms.  In  1871  he  was  nominated  for  Governor  by  the  Republican 
State  Convention  and  elected  by  a  majority  of  more  than  40,000.  He  was 
reelected  in  1873  serving  four  years.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term  he 
was  appointed  Second  Comptroller  of  the  Treasury  of  the  United  States, 
where  he  sei-ved  two  years.  In  1878  he  was  appointed  Railroad  Commis- 
sioner and  before  the  expiration  of  his  term  was  nominated  for  Congress 
by  the  Republicans  of  the  Ninth  District.  He  was  elected,  serving  two 
terms.  In  1884  he  served  another  term  in  the  State  Legislature.  He  was 
postmaster  of  Fort  Dodge  for  several  years.  The  last  years  of  his  life 
were  given  to  the  care  of  his  fine  farm.  He  died  on  the  29th  of  May, 
1898.  At  his  funeral  were  assembled  many  of  the  prominent  men  of  the 
State,  including  the  Governor.  No  man  ever  served  the  public  more  faith- 
fully, or  brought  to  the  performance  of  his  official  duties  a  more  conscien- 
tious regard  for  the  general  welfare  of  the  people  than  Governor  C.  C. 
Carpenter. 

GEORGE  T.  CARPENTER  was  born  in  Nelson  County,  Kentucky, 
March  4,  1832.     He  graduated  at  Abdington  College  in  1859.     Soon  enter- 


roundiil'.ofti 


OF  IOWA  43 


ing  the  ministry  he  preached  two  years  at  Winterset,  Iowa.  Later  he 
became  a  member  of  the  faculty  of  Oskaloosa  College,  where  he  remained 
for  twenty  years,  serving  a  large  portion  of  the  time  as  president  of  the 
institution.  For  many  years  he  was  editor  of  the  Christian  Evangelist, 
In  1873  he  was  one  of  the  Iowa  Commissioners  to  the  World's  Fair  at 
Vienna.  He  was  an  active  prohibitionist  and  in  1879  was  nominated  by 
that  party  for  Governor  but  declined.  In  1881  Professor  Carpenter,  Gen- 
eral F.  M.  Drake  and  D.  R.  Lucas  founded  Drake  University,  of  which 
Carpenter  was  chosen  Chancellor.  From  this  time  he  gave  his  best  ener- 
gies to  the  building  up  of  that  institution.  It  was  a  severe  blow  to  the 
college  when  he  died  on  the  29th  of  July,  1893,  in  the  midst  of  his  devoted 
labors  and  great  usefulness. 

WILLIAM  L.  CARPENTER  was  born  near  Salem,  Ohio,  on  the  5th 
of  October,  1841.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools  and 
at  Epworth  Academy.  His  father  and  family  removed  to  Iowa  in  1854, 
locating  on  a  farm  in  Dubuque  County  where  William  remained  until 
a  few  years  before  the  Civil  War  when  he  went  to  Black  Hawk  County  where 
he  engaged  in  school  teaching  and  farming.  In  August,  1862,  he  enlisted  in 
Company  G,  Thirty-second  Iowa  Volunteers,  in  May,  1863,  was  promoted  to 
second  lieutenant  and  in  1864  became  adjutant  of  the  regiment  in  which  po- 
sition he  served  to  the  close  of  the  war.  His  gallantry  at  the  Battle  of  Nash- 
ville was  commended  by  special  mention  in  general  orders.  When  the  Grange 
movement  began  he  took  an  active  interest  in  the  cause  and  in  1875  was 
elected  secretary  of  the  State  Grange,  holding  the  position  several  years. 
Removing  to  Des  Moines,  he  engaged  in  manufacturing.  When  the 
barb  wire  trust  of  Washburn,  Moen  &  Co.  was  organized  and  undertook 
to  control  the  manufacture  and  fix  the  price  of  wire  fencing,  Captain 
Carpenter  was  one  of  the  first  to  suggest  to  the  farmers  to  unite  in 
resisting  the  powerful  monopoly  in  fixing  prices.  The  fight  continued  for 
seven  years  in  the  courts  during  which  time  the  "  Farmers'  Protective  As- 
sociation," through  the  factory  established  by  Carpenter  and  Given,  con- 
tinued to  manufacture  and  fix  a  reasonable  price  for  fence  wire.  Litigation 
of  a  formidable  character  was  instituted  against  the  managers  of  the 
free  factory;  intimidation  and  bribery  were  attempted,  and  finally  when 
all  efi"orts  failed  to  suppress  competition  the  trust  was  compelled  to  re- 
duce prices  to  those  fixed  by  the  farmers'  association.  Through  the 
struggle  William  L.  Carpenter  kept  the  free  factory  running,  unawed  by 
threats  and  scorning  all  attempts  at  bribery.  The  same  nerve  that  won 
promotion  on  the  field  of  battle  was  shown  by  Carpenter  in  his  contest 
with  the  powerful  Washburn  Syndicate.  In  1886  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Democrats  of  the  Seventh  District  for  Congress  but  the  District  had  too 
large  a  Republican  majority  to  be  overcome.  He  was  elected  mayor  of 
Des  Moines  in  1888,  serving  two  years.     In  1890  he  was  appointed  Custo- 


44  HISTORY 


dian  of  the  Public  Buildings  of  the  State,  serving  four  years.  He  has 
been  active  in  all  humane  works,  serving  on  the  commissions  for  aid  to  the 
Johnstown  sufferers,  the  starving  in  India  and  the  Cuban  Relief  Com- 
mission. 

PHINEAS  M.  CASADY  was  born  at  Connersville  in  Indiana,  Decem- 
ber 3,  1818.  He  acquired  a  liberal  education,  studied  law  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar.  In  1846  he  came  to  the  new  State  of  Iowa,  traveling 
westward  over  its  wild  prairies  to  Fort  Des  Moines  then  on  the  Indian 
frontier.  He  was  appointed  by  President  Polk  the  first  postmaster  of 
the  future  Capital  of  Iowa.  He  opened  a  law  office  and  soon  procured  his 
share  of  the  legal  business  of  the  vicinity.  In  1847  he  was  elected 
school  fund  commissioner  with  custody  of  the  school  money.  In  1848 
he  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  for  State  Senator  in  an  immense 
district  embracing  the  counties  of  Polk,  Dallas,  Jasper,  Marion  and  all  of 
the  unorganized  region  north  and  west  to  the  Missouri  River.  He  was 
elected  and  took  his  seat  in  the  Second  General  Assembly.  In  looking 
over  the  map  of  the  State  he  observed  that  nearly  one-half  of  its  terri- 
tory was  unnamed.  He  at  once  determined  to  prepare  a  bill  providing  for 
its  divisions  into  counties.  The  bill  was  referred  to  the  committee  on 
new  counties  of  which  he  was  a  member.  He  gave  much  time  to  this  bill 
as  there  was  a  wide  difference  of  opinion  as  to  names.  The  differences 
were  finally  harmonized  and  forty  new  counties  were  created  and  named. 
It  was  by  far  the  most  important  act  of  the  Second  General  Assembly 
and  the  name  of  Senator  P.  M.  Casady  became  imperishably  associated 
with  one  of  the  most  interesting  events  of  Iowa  history.  A  paper  of 
great  value  was  prepared  in  1894  by  Judge  Casady  for  the  Pioneer  Law- 
makers' Association  giving  an  account  of  the  incidents  which  led  to  the 
naming  of  these  counties.  In  1854  Mr.  Casady  was  elected  Judge  of  the 
Fifth  District.  Soon  after  he  was  appointed  Receiver  of  the  United 
States  Land  Office  by  President  Pierce.  In  1872  he  was  elected  one  of  the 
regents  of  the  State  University,  serving  four  years.  He  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association  and  has  contributed  many 
valuable  historical  articles  for  its  publications.  For  nearly  a  quarter  of  a 
century  he  has  been  president  of  the  Des  Moines  Savings  Bank. 

CARRIE  LANE  CHAPMAN  CATT  was  born  in  Wisconsin  and  came 
with  her  parents  to  Floyd  County,  Iowa,  when  she  was  seven  years  of 
age.  Her  maiden  name  was  Carrie  Lane  and  her  early  education  was  ac- 
quired in  the  public  schools  of  Charles  City.  She  taught  several  terms 
and  was  elected  principal  of  the  High  School  of  Mason  City.  Miss  Lane 
pursued  her  studies  for  some  time  at  the  State  Agricultural  College. 
Later  she  was  chosen  superintendent  of  the  public  schools  of  Mason  City, 
serving  two  years,  when  she  married  Leo  Chapman,  editor  of  the  Repub- 


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OF  IOWA  45 


lican.  His  wife  became  a  partner  in  the  establishment,  and  associate  edi- 
tor of  the  paper.  A  few  years  later  they  removed  to  San  Francisco  where 
Mr.  Chapman  died.  Mrs.  Chapman  secured  a  position  on  one  of  the  city 
papers  and  is  said  to  have  been  the  first  woman  editor  in  San  Francisco. 
While  there  she  was  deeply  impressed  with  the  wrongs  of  working  women 
and  gave  lectures  on  women's  rights  and  wrongs.  She  soon  became  warmly 
enlisted  in  the  subject  of  equal  suffrage  and  the  advancement  and  social 
betterment  of  women.  In  1891  she  was  married  to  George  W.  Catt.  She 
had  become  one  of  the  most  popular  and  eloquent  advocates  of  the  suffrage 
reform  and  when  the  office  of  National  Organizer  was  created  in  1893  Mrs. 
Catt  was  chosen  to  fill  the  position.  She  soon  acquired  national  fame  as 
one  of  the  most  successful  advocates  of  the  cause  and  her  powerful  logic 
and  winning  oratory  brought  her  to  the  front  rank  of  successful  workers. 
When  the  venerable  President  of  the  National  Association,  Susan  B.  An- 
thony retired,  Mrs.  Catt  was  by  common  consent  chosen  to  succeed  her. 
For  several  years  she  has  resided  in  the  City  of  New  York. 

JONATHAN  W.  CATTELL  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania, 
June  25,  1820.  He  acquired  a  liberal  education  and  came  to  Iowa  in 
1846,  locating  on  a  farm  near  Springdale  in  Cedar  County.  In  1852  he 
was  elected  Clerk  of  the  District  Court,  serving  four  years.  In  1856  he 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Convention  which  founded  the  Republican  party  of 
Iowa.  The  same  year  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  four 
years.  In  1858  he  was  elected  Auditor  of  State  and  at  the  close  of  his 
term  was  reelected.  He  instituted  many  reforms  in  the  management  of 
the  business  of  that  important  office  and  served  three  terms.  Becoming  a 
citizen  of  Polk  County,  he  was,  in  1865,  again  elected  to  the  Senate  for 
four  years.  In  1885  Mr.  Cattell  was  appointed  by  Governor  Sherman  to 
fill  a  vacancy  in  the  office  of  Auditor  of  State.  He  was  for  several  years 
President  of  the  State  Insurance  Company.  During  his  twenty  years  of 
public  life  Mr.  Cattell  rendered  valuable  service  to  the  State,  originating 
many  excellent  laws  and  improved  methods  of  transacting  public  busi- 
ness. In  religion  he  was  a  Quaker  and  in  the  years  of  slavery  a  radical 
Abolitionist.    He  died  on  the  25th  of  September,  1887. 

JOHN  CHAMBERS,  second  Territorial  Governor  of  Iowa,  was  born 
October  6,  1780,  in  Somerset  County,  New  Jersey.  His  father.  Colonel 
Rowland  Chambers,  was  a  colonel  in  the  War  for  American  Independence. 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  removed  to  Mason  County,  Kentucky.  His 
son  after  securing  an  education  began  the  study  of  law.  He  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  and  began  practice  in  1800.  In  1812  he  was  elected  to  the 
Kentucky  Legislature  and  at  the  close  of  his  term  received  an  appointment 
on  the  staff  of  General  William  H.  Harrison  with  the  rank  of  major. 
He  did  excellent  service  during  the  war  with  Great  Britain  then  prevail- 


46  HISTORY 


ing,  especially  distinguishing  himself  at  the  Battle  of  the  Thames.  In 
1815  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature.  In  1828  he  was  elected  to 
Congress  where  he  served  but  one  term,  declining  reelection.  In  1835  he 
was  again  elected  to  Congress,  serving  four  years.  In  1841  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  President  Harrison,  his  old  commander.  Governor  of  the  Ter- 
ritory of  Iowa.  He  was  also  appointed  commissioner  to  negotiate  treaties 
with  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians  and  interested  himself  in  protecting  several 
tribes  of  Indians  from  frauds  of  agents  and  traders.  He  made  his  home 
on  a  fine  farm  of  1,000  acres  which  he  secured  and  improved  six  miles 
west  of  Burlington.  His  administration  was  wise  and  creditable  but,  as 
he  was  a  Whig,  and  the  Legislatures  during  his  term  were  strongly  Demo- 
cratic, the  relations  existing  between  the  executive  and  legislative  branches 
of  the  Territorial  government  were  not  harmonious.  Soon  after  the  in- 
auguration of  President  Polk,  Governor  Chambers  was  removed  from  office 
solely  for  political  reasons.  He  earnestly  opposed  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution  of  1846,  under  which  Iowa  became  a  State.  In  1849  Governor 
Chambers  was  appointed  by  President  Taylor  to  negotiate  a  treaty  with 
the  Sioux  Indians.  This  was  his  last  official  position.  Toward  the 
close  of  his  life  he  returned  to  Kentucky  where  he  died  on  the  21st  of 
September,  1852. 

JOHN  W.  CHAPMAN  was  born  at  Blairsville,  Pennsylvania,  July  19, 
1835.  In  1843  his  father  removed  with  his  family  to  Iowa  Territory,  mak- 
ing his  home  near  Burlington,  where  John  W.  was  reared  on  a  farm.  In 
1860  he  removed  to  Nebraska  and  was  soon  after  elected  a  member  of 
the  Territorial  Council  where  he  won  distinction  as  a  fluent  speaker  and 
acquired  wide  influence  in  that  body.  In  1867  Mr.  Chapman  returned  to 
Iowa,  locating  at  Council  Bluffs  where  he  was  one  of  the  owners  and 
editor  of  the  daily  Nonpareil.  He  was  four  years  treasurer  of  Pottawat- 
tamie County,  eight  years  United  States  Marshal  of  Iowa,  and  mayor  of 
Council  Bluffs.  He  died  in  that  city  in  1886.  Spencer  Smith  says  of  Mr. 
Chapman : 

"  He  was  a  man  of  superior  judgment,  broad  views  and  great  strength 
of  character,  qualities  that  gave  him  prominence  at  all  times  and  places. 
His  genial  nature  gave  him  social  popularity  in  the  community  in  which 
he  moved.  His  acquaintance  was  not  confined  alone  to  Iowa;  he  was  fairly 
well  knov.'n  as  a  man  of  ability  by  many  of  the  leading  statesmen  of  the 
country.  He  was  a  strong,  terse,  vigorous  writer,  with  positive  convic- 
tions upon  public  questions  and  had  much  originality  of  expression.  He 
sought  to  make  the  Nonpareil  a  moulder  of  public  opinion,  rather  than  a 
reflector  of  it." 

WILLIAM  W.  CHAPMAN,  the  first  Delegate  in  Congress  from  Iowa, 
was  born  in  Marion  County,  Virginia,  on  the  11th  of  August,  1808.  He 
received  but  a  common  school  education  and  read  law  while  serving  as 


OF  IOWA  47 


clerk  of  the  court.  After  his  admission  to  the  bar  he  opened  an  office 
at  Middleton.  In  1835  he  removed  to  Burlington  in  the  "  Black  Hawk 
Purchase "  and  was  soon  after  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  by  the 
Governor  of  Michigan  Territory.  In  1836,  when  Wisconsin  Territory  was 
created,  Mr.  Chapman  was  appointed  by  the  President  United  States  At- 
torney for  the  Territory.  In  1838,  when  the  Territory  of  Iowa  was  estab- 
lished, there  were  four  candidates  at  the  September  election  for  Delegate 
in  Congress.  Mr.  Chapman  was  chosen  by  a  plurality  of  thirty-six  votes. 
While  in  Congress  he  secured  for  Iowa  the  land  grant  of  500,000  acres 
for  the  support  of  common  schools.  He  also  obtained  a  report  from  the 
committee  on  Territories  which  finally  secured  to  the  State  a  decision  in  its 
favor  in  the  controversy  with  Missouri  over  the  boimdary.  In  1844  Mr. 
Chapman  was  a  member  of  the  First  Constitutional  Convention  and  took  a 
prominent  part  in  its  deliberations.  As  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
boundaries,  he  reported  in  favor  of  the  boundaries  as  finally  established. 
In  1847  he  removed  to  Oregon  and  became  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the 
city  of  Portland.  He  was  elected  to  the  Oregon  Legislature;  was  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  first  newspaper  established  in  the  Territory.  In  1858 
he  was  appointed  Surveyor- General  of  Oregon.  Mr.  Chapman  died  Octo- 
ber 9,  1892. 

DANIEL  D.  CHASE  of  Hamilton  County,  was  for  more  than  a  quar- 
ter of  a  century  one  of  the  best  known  public  men  of  northern  Iowa.  He 
was  born  near  Canajoharie  in  the  State  of  New  York,  July  4,  1830.  Secur- 
ing a  good  education  for  several  years  he  taught  school.  He  studied  law, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856  and  soon  after  came  to  Iowa  and  be- 
came a  resident  of  Webster  City  where  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  In  1860  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of 
Education  from  the  Eleventh  Judicial  District.  In  1861  he  was  elected 
District  Attorney  for  the  same  district  serving  more  than  four  years.  In 
1806  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  District  Court  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He 
was  twice  reelected,  serving  nine  years  and  attaining  rank  among 
the  ablest  judges  in  the  State.  In  1867  he  was  the  most  prominent  candi- 
date for  Congiess  in  the  old  Sixth  District  which  comprised  more  than  a 
third  of  the  counties  of  Iowa,  but  was  defeated.  He  was  at  one  time  a 
prominent  candidate  for  Supreme  Judge,  receiving  almost  the  unanimous 
support  of  the  delegates  from  northwestern  Iowa.  In  1864  Judge  Chase 
was  a  delegate  at  large  from  Iowa  to  the  Republican  National  Conven- 
tion which  renominated  Lincoln  for  President.  In  1877  he  was  elected 
State  Senator  from  Hardin  and  Hamilton  counties,  serving  four  years.  He 
died  at  Webster  City  on  the  27th  of  April,  1891. 

GEORGE  M.  CHRISTIAN  is  a  native  of  Chicago,  where  he  was  born 
June  19,  1847.    He  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools.    When  the 


48  HISTORY 


Civil  War  began  he  was  but  fourteen  years  of  age,  yet  he  tried  several 
times  to  enlist  but  was  rejected  on  account  of  his  youth.  Having  his  own 
way  to  make  he  came  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  in  1865,  and  attended  the  com- 
mercial college.  Five  years  later  he  removed  to  Grinnell  which  has  since 
been  his  home.  Mr.  Christian  early  became  an  expert  telegraph  operator 
and  later  an  hotel  keeper.  In  1888  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Re- 
publican Convention  at  Chicago,  and  chairman  of  the  finance  committee  of 
the  Iowa  delegation.  He  also  had  charge  of  the  Allison  Presidential  cam- 
paign during  the  sessions  of  the  Convention.  In  1889  he  was  appointed 
by  J.  S.  Clarkson,  assistant  superintendent  of  the  railway  mail  service 
and  in  July,  1890,  became  Post-office  Inspector.  This  position  he  re- 
tained through  changing  administrations  until  he  received  the  appoint- 
ment of  United  States  Marshal  in  1898. 

THOMAS  W.  CLAGETT  was  born  in  Prince  George  County,  Mary- 
land, August  30,  1815.  He  received  a  liberal  education  at  Bladensburg 
Academy,  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  He  served  two  terms  in  the  House  of  the 
Maryland  Legislature  as  a  Vthig.  In  1850  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating 
at  Keokuk,  where  he  practiced  law  and  became  editor  of  the  Keokuk  Con- 
stitution. When  the  Whig  party  disappeared  Mr.  Clagett  united  with  the 
Democrats  and  in  1857  was  elected  judge  of  the  First  District.  In  1859 
he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Eighth  General  Assembly  and  at  once 
became  one  of  the  leading  members.  He  served  in  the  extra  session  of 
May,  1861,  called  to  organize  the  military  forces  of  the  State  for  the 
Civil  War.  Judge  Clagett  took  a  deep  interest  in  fine  stock  and  general 
farming  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Lee  County  Agricultural  Soci- 
ety and  in  1853  he  also  helped  to  organize  the  State  Agricultural  Society 
and  was  its  president  for  four  years.  He  was  a  man  of  generous  im- 
pulses and  fine  social  qualities.  Judge  Clagett  died  in  Keokuk  on  the  15th 
of  April,  1876. 

CHARLES  A.  CLARK,  one  of  the  great  lawyers  of  the  State,  was 
born  at  Sangerville,  in  the  State  of  Maine,  January  26,  1841.  He  at- 
tended the  common  schools  of  his  native  town,  with  three  terms  at  Fox- 
croft  Academy.  Later,  while  working  on  a  farm,  he  walked  three  miles 
to  Guilford  several  times  each  week  to  procure  instruction  in  Greek  and 
Latin.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  he  began  to  teach  school  and  in  April,  1861, 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  A,  Sixth  Maine  Volunteers  and  as  a 
soldier  of  great  courage  he  received  rapid  promotion  to  corporal,  sergeant, 
lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the  regiment,  serving  until  he  was  severely 
wounded  and  discharged.  As  soon  as  he  recovered  he  reentered  the  army 
with  a  commission  as  captain  and  assistant  Adjutant-General,  serving 
in   General   Burnside's   Brigade  until  in  November,    1864,   failing  health 


OF  IOWA  49 


compelled  him  to  resign.  He  received  a  special  Congressional  medal  for 
gallantry  and  meritorious  services  in  paving  the  regiment  from  capture  at 
Brook's  Ford,  Virginia,  on  the  night  of  May  4,  1863.  Upon  the  personal 
recommendation  of  General  Hancock  he  was  brevetted  major  for  gallantry 
at  Marye's  Heights,  Fredericksburg,  May  3,  1863,  and  lieutenant-colonel 
for  conspicuous  bravery  at  Rappahannock  Station,  November  7,  1863. 
Colonel  Clark  participated  in  the  following  engagements:  Siege  of  York- 
town,  battles  at  Williamsburg,  Gaines  Mills,  Malvern  Hill,  Second  Bull 
Run,  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  both  at  the  first  and 
second  engagements,  Salem  Church,  Gettysburg,  Rappahannock  Station, 
Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg  and  numerous  others.  Colonel  Clark  cast  his 
first  vote  for  Abraham  Lincoln,  later  became  a  liberal  Republican,  serving 
as  a  delegate  to  the  Cincinnati  National  Convention  of  1872,  affiliating  with 
the  Democrats  until  1896.  In  1888  he  was  president  of  the  Democratic 
State  Convention  and  a  delegate  to  the  National  Convention  the  same 
year.  He  nominated  Horace  Boies  for  Governor  at  the  Ottumwa  Con- 
vention in  1891.  Colonel  Clark  returned  to  the  Republican  party  in  1896, 
assisting  in  the  canvass  for  McKinley.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1866,  becoming 
a  resident  of  Webster  City,  where  he  practiced  law  for  ten  years,  then 
removing  to  Cedar  Rapids.  For  ten  years  he  was  a  law  partner  with  Judge 
Hubbard,  practicing  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  many  States  and  in  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

GEORGE  W.  CLARK  was  born  in  Johnson  County,  Indiana,  on  the 
26th  of  December,  1833.  He  was  educated  at  Wabash  College  and  in  1856 
removed  to  Iowa,  making  his  home  at  Indianola.  He  was  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  law  when  the  Civil  War  began  and  was  the  first  man  in  that 
county  to  enlist  as  a  volunteer,  assisting  in  raising  Company  G  of  the 
Third  Iowa  Infantry.  He  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  and  on  the 
organization  of  the  regiment  was  appointed  quartermaster,  serving  in 
that  position  until  September  1,  1862,  when  he  was  appointed  colonel  of 
the  Thirty-fourth  Iowa  Infantry.  He  commanded  the  regiment  in  the 
battles  of  Chickasaw  Bayou  and  Arkansas  Post.  His  regiment  was  also 
in  the  Red  River  campaign  under  General  Banks.  During  the  latter  part 
of  the  war    Colonel  Clark  commanded  a  brigade. 

JAMES  S.  CLARK  was  born  near  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  October  17, 
1841.  After  spending  his  early  years  on  a  farm,  Mr.  Clark  came  to  Iowa 
and  was  a  college  student  at  Mount  Pleasant  when  the  Civil  War  began.  In 
April,  1861,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  F,  First  Iowa  Volunteers, 
participating  in  the  Battle  of  Wilson's  Creek.  Later  he  was  promoted  to 
lieutenant  and  captain  of  Company  C,  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Infantry,  which 
was  engaged  in  seventeen  battles  and  sieges  during  its  term  of  service. 
On  the  day  that  General  Lee  surrendered  Captain  Clark  led  his  regiment 

[Vol.  4] 


50  HISTORY 


in  a  desperate  charge  on  the  forts  of  Mobile,  Alabama.  He  is  the  his- 
torian of  that  gallant  regiment,  having  gathered  the  events  of  its  career 
in  the  Civil  War  which  have  been  published,  adding  to  the  valuable  liter- 
ature of  the  deeds  of  Iowa  soldiers  in  the  great  Rebellion.  He  is  president 
of  the  Regimental  Association  of  the  First  Iowa  Regiment  of  volunteer 
soldiers  in  the  Civil  War  and  has  published  a  sketch  of  General  Lyon  and 
"  The  Fight  for  Missouri."  Captain  Clark  is  a  graduate  of  the  Ohio 
Wesleyan  University  and  also  of  the  Iowa  State  University.  He  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law  in  Des  Moines  from  1870  to  1890,  when  he  retired 
to  accept  the  position  of  secretary  of  the  Des  Moines  Insurance  Company, 
later  becoming  president  of  the  Anchor  Insurance  Company,  as  well  as 
president  of  the  Iowa  Alliance  of  Insurance  Men. 

LINCOLN  CLARK  was  born  in  Hampshire  County,  Massachusetts, 
June  6,  1800.  His  boyhood  was  spent  on  his  father's  farm  where  he  at- 
tended district  school  during  the  winter  months  until  he  acquired  suffi- 
cient education  to  teach  in  the  common  schools.  He  entered  Amherst  Col- 
lege and,  taking  the  classical  course,  graduated.  He  then  went  to  Vir- 
ginia and  engaged  in  teaching,  earning  money  enough  to  support  himself 
while  pursuing  his  law  studies.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Pickens 
County,  Alabama,  where  he  had  decided  to  locate.  In  1834  he  was  elected 
to  a  seat  in  the  House  of  the  Alabama  Legislature,  serving  three  terms. 
He  removed  to  Tuscaloosa,  then  the  Capital  of  the  State,  in  1836,  and  in 
1839  was  appointed  Attorney-General.  In  1846  he  was  appointed  judge 
of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1848,  locating  in 
Dubuque,  where  in  1852  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  presidential  electors  on 
the  Democratic  ticket,  casting  his  vote  for  Franklin  Pierce  for  President. 
In  1850  he  received  the  nomination  for  Congress  in  the  old  Second  Dis- 
trict which  at  that  time  embraced  more  than  half  of  the  State.  His  com- 
petitor on  the  Whig  ticket  was  John  P.  Cook  of  Davenport.  The  contest 
was  close,  but  Clark  was  elected  by  the  narrow  margin  of  but  one  hun- 
dred fifty  in  a  total  vote  of  15,696.  At  the  close  of  his  term  the  same 
candidates  renewed  the  contest  but  Cook  won  the  election.  In  1857  Mr. 
Clark  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Seventh  General  Assembly  and  gave 
the  State  valuable  service  in  adapting  the  laws  to  the  new  Constitution. 
He  was  a   life-long  Democrat. 

RUSH  CLARK  was  born  at  Shellsburg,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  1st  of 
October.  1834.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Jefferson  College  and  studied  medi- 
cine. But  in  1853  he  decided  upon  the  study  of  law  and  at  Iowa  City 
entered  the  law  office  of  his  brother.  For  a  time  he  had  editorial  charge 
of  the  /oira  City  Republican  in  the  campaign  which  resulted  in  the  election 
of  James  W.  Grimes  for  Governor.  This  was  the  first  defeat  of  a  Demo- 
cratic State  ticket.     In  1859  Mr.  Clark  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the 


OF  IOWA  51 


Eighth  General  Assembly  on  the  Republican  ticket.  He  took  high  rank 
as  a  legislator,  was  reelected  in  1861  and  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  in 
1862.  In  1875  he  was  again  elected  to  the  House,  and  in  1876  was  elected 
to  Congress.  He  was  reelected  at  the  expiration  of  his  first  term  and  died 
during  the  first  session  of  the  next  Congress,  in  1879. 

TALTON  E.  CLARK  was  born  in  Nicholasville,  Kentucky,  October  18, 
1845.  He  attended  the  Richmond  High  School,  of  which  his  father  was 
principal,  until  1854  when  the  family  removed  to  Booneville,  Missouri, 
where  his  education  was  continued  in  Shelby  College.  In  1867  the  family 
came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Clarinda,  where  Mr.  Clark  studied  law  for  three 
years  with  Hon.  William  P.  Hepburn  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He 
became  a  well-known  and  successful  lawyer  in  that  section  of  the  State 
and  in  1881  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  on  the  Republican  ticket, 
serving  by  reelection  in  the  Nineteenth,  Twentieth,  Twenty-first  and 
Twenty-second  General  Assemblies.  He  was  for  six  years  chairman  of  the 
Senate  committee  for  the  suppression  of  intemperance  and  was  the  author 
of  important  amendments  to  the  prohibitory  liquor  law  rendering  its  en- 
forcement much  more  effective.  He  died  at  Los  Angeles,  California,  April 
20,  1902. 

SAMUEL  M.  CLARK  was  born  in  Van  Buren  County,  Iowa,  on  the 
11th  of  October,  1842.  He  was  educated  at  the  Des  Moines  Valley  Col- 
lege at  West  Point,  in  Lee  County,  and  began  the  study  of  law  when 
eighteen  years  of  age  in  the  office  of  Judge  George  G.  Wright  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Keokuk  in  1864.  Immediately  thereafter  he  be- 
came associate  editor  with  J.  B.  Howell  of  the  Oate  City,  the  leading 
Republican  daily  of  southeastern  Iowa.  This  proved  to  be  his  life  work 
for  which  he  rapidly  developed  remarkable  talent  and  in  a  few  years 
became  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  versatile  editorial  writers  in  the  State. 
He  was  a  studious  reader  of  literary  and  scientific  works,  an  independent 
and  philosophic  thinker,  his  editorials  often  ranking  as  finished  essays 
on  the  subject  treated.  Few  men  in  Iowa  had  a  wider  acquaintance  with 
the  notable  people  of  his  native  State  and  no  one  warmer  or  more  abiding 
friendships.  It  was  one  of  the  greatest  pleasures  of  his  busy  life  to  serve 
his  friends.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Conventions  of 
1872,  '76  and  '80,  was  seldom  absent  from  the  State  Conventions  of  his 
party  and  was  the  author  of  many  of  the  platforms  for  a  quarter  of  a 
century.  For  a  period  of  fourteen  years  he  was  president  of  the  school 
board  of  Keokuk  and  for  eight  years  was  postmaster  of  that  city.  In  1889 
he  was  appointed  by  the  President  Commissioner  of  the  Paris  Exposition. 
In  1894  he  was  elected  to  the  popular  branch  of  Congress  on  the  Repub- 
lican ticket  and  at  the  close  of  his  first  term  was  reelected,  serving  four 


52  HISTORY 


years.     Death  came  to  him  in  the  meridian  of  his  useful  and  noble  life  on 
the  11th  of  August,  1900. 

JAMES  CLARICE,  third  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Iowa,  was  born 
July  5,  1812,  in  Westmoreland  County,  Pennsylvania.  When  a  boy  he 
learned  the  printer's  trade  and  worked  in  the  State  printing  office  in 
Harrisburg.  In  1836  he  went  to  St.  Louis  and  found  employment  on  the 
Missouri  Republican.  Upon  the  organization  of  Wisconsin  Territory  he 
went  to  Belmont,  then  the  Capital,  and  in  company  with  John  B.  Russell 
established  the  Belmont  Chizette,  a  Democratic  weekly  newspaper.  The 
first  number  was  issued  October  25,  1836.  Its  proprietors  were  chosen 
State  Printers  for  the  Territorial  Legislature.  The  Capitol  was  soon  after 
removed  to  Burlington  on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  and  Mr.  Clarke 
repaired  to  that  place  and  established  the  Wisconsi/n  Territorial  Gazette 
in  1837.  This  was  the  first  newspaper  published  at  Burlington  and  the 
Daily  Gazette  of  that  city  has  grown  from  that  establishment.  The  public 
printing  was  given  to  Mr.  Clarke  and  he  was  appointed  by  Grovernor  Dodge 
Territorial  Librarian.  James  W.  Grimes  was  his  assistant  in  the  library. 
Upon  the  death  of  William  B.  Conway,  Secretary  of  the  Territory  of  Iowa 
in  November,  1839,  Mr.  Clarke  was  appointed  by  the  President  his  succes- 
sor. He  was  mayor  of  Burlington  in  1844  and  was  chosen  a  delegate  to 
the  First  Constitutional  Convention  which  assembled  in  October,  1844. 
On  the  18th  of  November,  1845,  Mr.  Clarke  was  appointed  by  President 
Polk  Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Iowa.  The  Constitution  of  1844,  hav- 
ing been  rejected  by  the  people,  a  second  Constitution  framed  in  1846  was 
adopted  and  on  the  28th  of  December  Governor  Clarke  retired  from  office 
upon  the  inauguration  of  the  new  State  government.  In  1848  Governor 
Clarke  resumed  the  management  of  the  Burlington  Gazette  and  served  as 
a  delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Convention  which  nominated  Lewis 
Cass  for  President.  In  July,  1850,  Burlington  was  visited  by  the  cholera, 
from  which  Governor  Clarke's  wife  and  youngest  son  died.  A  few  days 
later  the  Governor  was  seized  with  the  disease  and  he,  too,  died  on  the 
28th  of  the  same  month,  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-eight.  The  following 
General  Assembly  gave  his  name  to  the  new  county  adjoining  Lucas  and 
thus  the  names  of  the  first  and  last  Territorial  Governors  of  Iowa  were  per- 
petuated side  by  side. 

WILLIAM  PENN  CLARKE  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  Octo- 
ber 1,  1817.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  went  to  Gettysburg,  Pennsylvania, 
and  learned  the  printing  business.  In  1838  he  came  west  on  foot  at  the 
age  of  twenty-one  and  reaching  Cincinnati  established  a  daily  newspaper, 
and  later  became  editor  of  the  Logan  Gazette,  in  Ohio.  In  1844  he  went 
farther  west  and  located  at  Iowa  City  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1845.     He  was  a  ready  writer  and  contributed  frequently  to  the  news- 


OF  IOWA  53 


papers  on  the  slavery  issue,  being  a  "  free-soiler "  in  politics.  He  at- 
tended the  Pittsburg  National  Convention  which  took  the  preliminary 
steps  toward  the  organization  of  the  Republican  party  in  1856,  acting  as 
one  of  the  secretaries.  At  the  National  Republican  Convention  in  1860, 
Mr.  Clarke  was  one  of  the  delegates  from  Iowa  and  was  chosen  chairman 
of  the  delegation.  He  soon  after  purchased  the  State  Press  at  Iowa  City 
and  took  an  active  part  in  the  antislavery  contest  leading  to  the  Kansas 
war.  As  a  member  of  the  National  Kansas  Committee  he  sent  a  com- 
pany of  men  to  aid  the  citizens  of  that  Territory  in  expelling  the  "  Border 
RuflBan"  invaders.  He  was  for  many  years  the  keeper  of  a  station  on 
the  "  underground  railroad  "  and  was  fearless  in  aiding  fugitive  slaves  to 
freedom,  cooperating  with  John  Brown  during  his  operations  in  Iowa.  Mr. 
Clarke  prepared  the  original  ordinances  for  the  government  of  Iowa  City. 
He  was  reporter  of  the  decisions  of  the  Iowa  Supreme  Court  for  five  years. 
As  an  influential  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1857  he 
acted  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  judiciary.  Early  in  the  Civil  War 
Mr.  Clarke  was  appointed  paymaster  in  the  army,  serving  until  1866.  He 
was  then  chosen  chief  clerk  in  the  Interior  Department  at  Washington, 
resigning  when  Andrew  Johnson  began  his  war  on  the  Republican  party, 
and  returning  to  the  practice  of  law  in  Washington,  he  died  February  7, 
1903. 

COKER  F.  CLARKSON  was  a  native  of  the  State  of  Maine  where  he 
was  born  in  the  year  1810.  His  father  removed  with  his  family  to  Indi- 
ana in  1820  going  by  wagon.  After  assisting  his  father  on  the  new  farm 
until  about  seventeen,  Coker  learned  the  printing  business.  He  secured 
a  position  in  the  office  of  the  LawrenceJturg  Statesman  and  after  three 
years  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  paper.  In  the  course  of  four  years  he 
was  able  to  buy  the  establishment  and  published  the  Brookville  American 
until  1854  when  he  disposed  of  the  property  and,  in  1855,  located  in 
Grundy  County,  Iowa.  Here  he  lived  until  1878.  He  was  a  close  observer, 
an  excellent  writer  and  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  agricultural  writing  in 
Iowa.  In  1863  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  the  district  con- 
sisting of  the  counties  of  Hardin,  Grundy,  Black  Hawk  and  Franklin.  He 
was  appointed  chairman  of  the  committee  on  agriculture  and  helped  to 
devise  the  system  of  disposing  of  the  Agricultural  College  land  grant  by 
which  a  large  revenue  was  derived  from  it  while  the  government  lands 
were  obtainable  for  free  homesteads.  He  served  four  years  in  the  Senate 
and  in  1868  was  a  prominent  candidate  for  Congress  in  the  old  Sixth  Dis- 
trict which  embraced  more  than  a  third  of  the  counties  of  the  entire 
State.  In  December,  1870  he,  with  his  two  sons,  Richard  P.  and  James  S., 
purchased  the  Iowa  State  Register,  of  which  he  became  agricultural  editor. 
In  the  contest  between  the  farmers  and  the  Washburn  Barb  Wire  Trust 
he  gave  the  Farmers'  Association  continued  and  valuable  aid,  helping  to 


54  HISTORY 

break  the  oppressive  monopoly.  He  continued  his  editorial  work  up  to 
the  time  of  his  last  sickness  and  died  on  the  7th  of  May,  1890.  In 
early  life  Mr.  Clarkson  was  a  Whig  in  politics.  When  the  Republican 
party  was  organized  he  united  with  it  and  was  an  influential  member. 

JAMES  S.  CLARKSON  was  born  at  Brookville,  Indiana,  May  17,  1842. 
His  early  education  Avas  obtained  in  the  common  schools  and  in  his  father's 
printing  office.  In  1855  his  father  removed  with  his  family  to  Grundy 
Coimty,  Iowa,  where  James  remained  eleven  years  assisting  in  farm  labor 
and  management.  In  1866  he  began  work  as  a  compositor  on  the  Iowa 
State  Register  at  Des  Moines.  He  was  soon  promoted  to  local  editor,  and 
upon  the  election  of  F.  W.  Palmer,  its  editor  in  chief,  to  Congress,  James 
S.  assumed  editorial  management.  In  1870  the  establishment  was  pur- 
chased by  the  father  and  two  sons ;  Coker  F.  conducting  an  agricultural  de- 
partment, and  the  elder  son,  Richard  P.,  assuming  the  business  manage- 
ment. Each  chief  proved  to  be  qualified  to  bring  his  department  to  the 
highest  degree  of  excellence  and  the  State  Register,  which  had  long  been 
the  leading  journal  of  Iowa,  soon  attained  national  influence  and  fame. 
Its  influence  in  the  Republican  party  of  the  State  soon  became  supreme 
and  its  brilliant  editor-in-chief  was  chosen  chairman  of  the  Republican 
State  Committee.  In  this  position  he  developed  remarkable  executive 
ability.  He  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  postmaster  of  Des  Moines, 
serving  six  years.  He  was  a  delegate  to  several  Republican  National  Con- 
ventions and  in  1880  became  a  member  of  the  National  Republican  Com- 
mittee. He  was  an  ardent  supporter  of  James  G.  Blaine  for  President 
and  a  personal  friend  of  that  statesman.  In  the  presidential  campaign  of 
1884,  Mr.  Clarkson  was  one  of  the  national  managers  for  the  Republicans 
and  from  1890  to  1892  was  chairman  of  the  National  Executive  Com- 
mittee. In  1891  he  was  president  of  the  Republican  League  of  the  United 
States.  Upon  the  election  of  President  Harrison  Mr.  Clarkson  was  ap- 
pointed First  Assistant  Postmaster-General  and  during  his  administra- 
tion of  that  department  appointed  38,000  postmasters.  As  an  editor  and 
writer  during  half  a  life-time  as  a  journalist  in  Iowa,  Mr.  Clarkson  had  few 
equals  and  no  superiors.  He  was  repeatedly  tendered  important  federal 
offices  by  Republican  Presidents.  At  twenty-five  he  was  offered  the  Swiss 
mission  by  President  Grant,  but  preferred  the  field  of  jouinalism  in  which 
he  had  won  more  than  State-wide  fame.  When  Garfield  became  President 
Mr.  Clarkson  was  again  offered  a  post  abroad,  and  in  1890  was  tendered 
his  choice  of  appointments  as  minister  to  China  or  Russia,  but  again  de- 
clined. In  1891  he  sold  his  interest  in  the  State  Register  and  removed  to 
New  York  City  which  has  since  been  his  home.  He  has  always  taken  a 
deep  interest  in  education  and  served  as  trustee  of  the  State  College  of 
Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts.  He  has  written  two  works  of  fiction 
which  have  had  large  sales,  but  do  not  bear  his  name  as  author.     In  1902 


OF  IOWA  55 


he  was   appointed  by   President   Roosevelt    Surveyor   of   Customs    for   the 
port  of  New   York. 

RICHARD  P.  CLARKSON,  eldest  son  of  Coker  F.  Clarkson,  was 
born  at  Brookfield,  Indiana,  in  1840.  He  learned  the  printing  business  in 
his  father's  office  at  that  place  and  after  the  family  removed  to  Iowa  in 
1855  Richard  worked  for  many  years  on  the  prairie  farm  which  his  father 
improved  in  Grundy  County.  He  secured  a  position  as  compositor  in  the 
office  of  the  State  Register  at  Des  Moines  in  the  spring  of  1861  and  in 
October  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Twelfth  Iowa  Infantry.  At  the 
Battle  of  Shiloh  he  Avas  captui'ed  with  the  regiment  after  a  gallant  fight 
and  for  seven  months  was  a  prisoner.  After  being  exchanged  he  returned 
to  his  regiment  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1870  the  father  and 
two  sons,  Richard  P.  and  James  S.  purchased  the  Iowa  State  Register 
establishment  and  for  many  years  worked  together  in  their  several  depart- 
ments, making  it  the  most  influential  Republican  paper  in  the  State. 
Richard  P.  was  the  business  manager  and  in  1889  became  the  sole  owner 
of  the  establishment  and  from  that  time  forward  assumed  editorial  man- 
agement of  the  paper.  In  June,  1902,  after  thirty- two  years  of  service  in 
the  exacting  field  of  daily  journalism  he  sold  the  establishment  and  was 
appointed  by  President  Roosevelt  United  States  Pension  Agent  for  Iowa 
and  Nebraska.  ,   ; 

DAVID  C.  CLOUD  was  born  in  Champaign,  Ohio,  on  the  22d  of  Janu- 
ary, 1817.  He  received  but  a  common  school  education  and  learned  the 
carpenter's  trade.  In  1839  he  came  to  Iowa  making  his  home  at  Musca- 
tine where  he  worked  at  his  trade  several  years.  His  evenings  were  spent 
studying  law  and  at  the  end  of  six  years  without  instruction  he  was  able 
to  pass  an  examination  Avhich  admitted  him  to  the  bar.  In  1851  he  was 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  and  rose  to  prominence  in  his  new  profession. 
The  office  of  Attorney-General  was  created  in  1853  and  D.  C.  Cloud  was 
nominated  by  the  Democratic  State  Convention  for  the  position.  He  was 
elected,  serving  four  years.  In  1856  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the 
Sixth  General  Assembly  and  was  made  chairman  of  the  committee  of 
ways  and  means.  When  the  Republican  party  was  organized,  Mr.  Cloud, 
being  strongly  opposed  to  slavery,  united  with  that  party.  He  wrote  and 
published  several  books  on  political  and  industrial  subjects.  The  chief 
among  these  were  works  on  "  The  War  Power  of  the  President "  and 
"  Monopolies  and  the  People." 

LORENZO  S.  COFFIN  was  born  in  Alton,  New  Hampshire,  on  the 
9th  of  April,  1823.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  with  but  little  opportunity 
to  secure  an  education.  With  two  years'  instruction  in  Oberlin  College 
after  leaving  home  he  obtained  a  position  as  instructor  in  Geauga  Semi- 


56  HISTORY 


nary  where  James  A.  Garfield  and  the  girl  who  afterwards  became  his 
wife,  were  pupils.  In  1855  Mr.  Coffin  came  to  Iowa,  taking  a  claim  near 
Fort  Dodge.  Here  he  was  elected  superintendent  of  schools  and  made  fre- 
quent addresses  in  the  different  parts  of  the  county  urging  better  methods 
of  farming  and  improvement  in  the  public  schools.  He  was  a  frequent 
contributor  to  agricultural  journals,  and  for  several  years  conducted  an 
agricultural  department  in  the  Fort  Dodge  Messenger.  In  1883  he  was 
appointed  Railroad  Commissioner,  by  Governor  Sherman,  serving  five  years. 
During  his  term  it  became  his  duty  to  investigate  the  cases  of  serious 
accidents  and  he  became  convinced  that  many  of  them  might  be  avoided 
by  the  use  of  automatic  couplers.  From  this  time  forward  Mr.  Coffin 
entered  upon  the  formidable  work  of  securing  legislation  to  require  the 
railroads  of  the  country  to  equip  their  cars  with  automatic  couplers.  He 
has  told  the  story  of  his  successful  work  in  the  Annals  of  Iowa.  It  is 
sufficient  to  say  that  he  was  instrumental  in  procuring  acts  of  the  Iowa 
Legislature  and  also  an  act  of  Congress  requiring  the  railroads  to  use  the 
safety  couplers.  It  is  estimated  that  the  loss  of  life  of  railroad  employees 
has  been  reduced  by  this  reform  more  than  sixty  per  cent.  Mr.  Coffin  has 
also  for  years  carried  on  a  movement  among  railroad  men  against  the 
use  of  intoxicating  liquors.  His  latest  benevolent  work  is  in  behalf  of 
discharged  convicts  from  the  penitentiaries.  He  has  built  on  his  farm  a 
temporary  home  for  this  class  of  people  called  "  Hope  Hall,"  where  ex- 
prisoners  may  live  until  employment  can  be  found  for  them.  For  more 
than  twenty  years  Mr.  Coffin  has  given  a  large  share  of  his  time  to  reform 
work,  chiefly  in  the  causes  here  mentioned. 

CHESTER  C.  COLE  was  born  in  Chenango  County,  New  York,  June  4, 
1824.  He  prepared  for  college  at  Oxford  Academy  and  at  the  age  of 
eighteen  entered  the  junior  class  of  Union  College,  afterwards  taking  the 
law  course  at  Harvard  University.  Going  to  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  he  re- 
ported the  legislative  proceedings  for  a  daily  paper.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  Crittenden  County  and  there  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  in  which  he  soon  attained  high  rank.  In  May,  1857,  he  re- 
moved to  Des  Moines,  and  soon  became  one  of  the  most  successful  lawyers 
of  the  Capital  City.  In  1859  he  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  judge 
of  the  Supreme  Court  but  was  defeated.  In  1860  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Democrats  of  the  Second  District,  which  then  embraced  the  south  half  of 
the  State,  for  Representative  in  Congress  but  was  defeated  by  Samuel  R. 
Curtis,  Republican.  When  the  attack  was  made  by  Rebels  of  South  Caro- 
lina on  Fort  Sumter,  Mr.  Cole  was  one  of  the  first  of  the  prominent  Demo- 
crats to  declare  for  the  Union  and  urge  the  cooperation  of  men  of  all  par- 
ties in  support  of  the  Government.  Failing  to  bring  about  such  a  patri- 
otic stand  on  part  of  his  Democratic  associates  he  left  his  party  with 
such  men  as  Governor  N.   B.   Baker,   R.  G.   Kellogg,   Cyrus   Bussey   and 


/XO  '  'fc^'    '^£[^:C 


IC  LIBRARY,! 


A5t0f,Wene, 


EDWIN  H.  CONGER 


OF  IOWA  57 


M.  M.  Crocker  and  united  with  the  Republicans  in  support  of  the  adminis- 
tration of  Abraham  Lincoln.  In  February,  1864,  Mr.  Cole  was  appointed 
l^  Governor  Stone  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  to  which  position  he  was 
elected  by  the  people  in  November  for  a  full  term  of  six  years  and  was 
reelected,  serving  until  January  13,  1876,  when  he  resigned.  He  became 
Chief  Justice  in  January,  1870.  Judge  Cole  was  one  of  the  most  active 
promoters  of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home  and  in  1865  was  associated  with 
Judge  Wright  in  establishing  a  law  school  at  Des  Moines  which  was  after- 
wards moved  to  and  became  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  University 
at  Iowa  City.  Judge  Cole  was  for  several  years  editor  of  the  Western 
Jurist.  He  was  also  editor  of  a  new  edition  of  Iowa  Law  Reports.  As  a 
lawyer  he  has  long  ranked  among  the  ablest  of  the  State. 

EDWIN  H.   CONGER,   soldier,  banker   and  statesman,   was  born  in 

Knox  County,  Illinois,  March  7,  1843.     He  attended  the  public  schoole  in 

boyhood   and,    entering   Lombard   University   at   Galesburg,    graduated   in 

1862.    Mr.  Conger  enlisted  as  a  private  in  an  Illinois  regiment.    He  made 

a  brave  soldier  and  was  promoted  several  times,  finally  becoming  captain 

of  his  company  and  at  the  close  of  the  war  was  brevetted  major.     Upon 

his  return  home  he  entered  the  Albany  Law  School,  where  he  graduated  in 

1866  and  entered  upon  practice  at  Galesburg,  but  two  years  later  removed 

to  Iowa,  locating  on  a  farm  near  Dexter.     After  five  years  he  became  a 

resident  of  the  village  and  engaged  in  banking.     In  1875  he  established 

another  bank   at  Stuart.     He  was   for   several   years   one  of  the   trustees 

of   Mitchellville  Seminary.     In   1878   he  was  elected  treasurer  of  Dallas 

County   and   in    1880   was   nominated   by   the   Republican    Convention   for 

State  Treasurer.     He  was  elected,  serving  two  terms  with  marked  ability. 

Remaining  in  Des  Moines,    after  he  retired,   in    1886   he   was   elected   to 

Congress  in  the  Seventh  District.     In  1888  he  was  reelected,  serving  until 

appointed  by  President  Harrison  minister  to  Brazil  where  he  served  with 

distinction  for  four  years.     Upon  the  election  of  McKinley,  in  1897,  Major 

Conger  was  restored  to  the  Brazilian  mission.     But  American  interests  in 

China   requiring  an   experienced  diplomat,   the   President  transferred   him 

to  that  empire.     When  the  Boxer  uprising  took  place  and  the  massacres 

began,  great  anxiety  was  felt  for  the  safety  of  all  of  the  foreign  ministers 

at   Peking,   who   were   soon   isolated   from    all    communication   with    their 

governments,  the  city  being    surrounded    and  in  possession  of  the  hostile 

armies  of  Boxers.     For  weeks  Peking  was  cut  off  from  any  communication 

with  the  outside  world  and  it  was  feared  that  all  of  the  foreign  ministers 

with  their  families  had  perished  from  the  attacks  of  fanatical  insurgents. 

The  anxiety  of  the  Iowa  people  was  intense  for  the  safety  of  Major  Conger 

and  his  family  and  one  morning  the  news   came  that  all   of  the   foreign 

ministers   and  their   families   had,   after   a   long   and   heroic   defense,   been 

slaughtered.      Finally    the    allied    armies    of    America    and    Europe    forced 


58  HISTORY 


their  way  to  the  Chinese  Capital  and  relieved  the  besieged  ministers,  who 
with  their  families  and  other  Christians  had  been  shut  up  for  weeks  in 
the  British  legation  buildings  fighting  day  and  night  for  their  lives,  sub- 
sisting a  part  of  the  time  on  mule  meat.  All  through  the  terrible  ordeal 
Major  Conger  was  one  of  the  bravest  of  the  defenders  and  his  wise  counsel 
in  the  dire  extremity  was  acknowledged  by  all  to  have  aided  materially  in 
saving  the  little  garrison  from  extermination.  Returning  home  for  a 
few  months'  rest  Major  Conger  and  family  met  with  a  hearty  reception. 
After  consultation  with  the  President  he  returned  to  his  post  in  China. 

JOHN  CONNELL  was  born  in  Paisley,  Scotland,  on  the  16th  of 
March,  1824.  His  parents  emigrated  to  the  United  States  in  1831,  set- 
tling in  Connecticut,  where  the  son  remained  until  1852,  when  he  came  to 
Iowa  and  located  in  Tama  County.  He  lived  on  a  farm  near  Buckingham 
and  later  moved  to  Toledo,  being  one  of  the  early  settlers  in  the  county 
which  helped  to  organize  it.  In  1854  he  was  the  Whig  candidate  for 
Representative  in  the  Fifth  General  Assembly  for  the  Twenty-third  Rep- 
resentative District  composed  of  the  counties  of  Poweshiek,  Jasper,  Ben- 
ton and  Tama,  was  elected  and,  when  the  Whig  party  ceased  to  exist,  Mr. 
Connell  united  with  the  new  Republican  party.  In  September,  1862,  he 
was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Twenty-eighth  Iowa  Volunteer  In- 
fantry. In  March,  1863,  he  was  promoted  to  colonel  and  took  command 
of  the  regiment.  He  was  in  Bank's  Red  River  campaign,  and  at  the 
Battle  of  Sabine  Cross  Roads  lost  his  left  arm  and  was  taken  prisoner. 
He  retired  from  the  service  in  March,  1865.  In  1867  he  was  appointed 
Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Fourth  District,  serving  until  1877, 
when  he  became  collector  of  the  same  District. 

JAMES  P.  CONNOR  was  born  January  27,  1851,  in  Delaware  County, 
Indiana.  When  a  child  the  family  moved  to  Black  Hawk  County,  Iowa, 
where  he  grew  to  manhood.  He  worked  in  the  fields  and  attended  the 
district  school  until  the  age  of  sixteen  when  he  entered  Upper  Iowa  Univer- 
sity where,  for  four  years,  he  earned  the  means  to  pay  his  expenses.  In 
1872  he  entered  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  University,  graduating 
in  June,  1873,  beginning  to  practice  the  same  year  at  Denison,  which  has 
since  been  his  home.  In  1880  he  was  elected  District  Attorney  for  the 
Thirteenth  District,  holding  the  oflice  for  four  years,  when  he  was  chosen 
circuit  judge,  retaining  that  position  until  the  change  in  the  judicial 
system.  In  1886  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  Sixteenth  Judicial  District, 
serving  four  years,  when  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  In  1900  Judge 
Connor  was  elected  Representative  in  Congress  from  the  Tenth  District, 
and  in  1902  he  was  reelected,  for  a  second  term.  He  has  been  an  active 
Republican  and  in  1892  was  a  delegate  from  Iowa  to  the  National  Repub- 
lican Convention. 


JAMES   P.    CONNOR 


OF  IOWA  59 


JOHN  C.  COOK  was  born  in  Seneca  County,  Ohio,  December  26,  1846. 
He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  came  to  Iowa,  taking 
up  his  residence  at  Newton  in  Jasper  County,  where  he  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  In  1878  he  was  chosen  judge  of  the  Sixth 
Judicial  District.  In  1880  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  for  Rep- 
resentative in  Congress  in  the  Sixth  Congressional  District.  His  com- 
petitor on  the  Republican  ticket  Avas  M.  E.  Cutts.  The  returns  in  several 
precincts  were  disputed  but  the  certificate  was  awarded  by  the  canvass- 
ers to  Mr.  Cutts.  Mr.  Cook  contested  the  seat  before  Congress  and,  after 
a  long  delay,  during  which  time  Mr.  Cutts  was  acting  as  the  member, 
the  seat  was  awarded  to  Mr.  Cook  who  served  the  remainder  of  the  term. 
He  removed  from  Newton  to  Webster  City  Avhere  he  became  the  attorney 
for  a  railroad  company. 

JOHN  P.  COOK,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Iowa,  was  born  in  White- 
side, Oneida  County,  New  York,  August  31,  1817.  His  education  was  ac- 
quired in  the  public  schools  and  at  an  early  age  he  began  the  study  of 
law.  In  1836  he  went  west  first  stopping  at  the  frontier  village  of  Daven- 
port in  the  "  Black  Hawk  Purchase."  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  be- 
gan to  practice  in  Tipton,  Cedar  County  and  in  1842  he  was  elected  to 
the  Council  of  the  Territorial  Assembly  from  the  District  composed  of 
the  counties  of  Cedar,  Jones  and  Linn.  He  served  through  the  term  of 
four  years,  in  two  regular  and  one  extra  session.  In  1848  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  and  was  one  of  the  leading  members  of  the  Second 
and  Third  General  Assemblies.  Soon  after  the  expiration  of  his  term, 
Mr.  Cook  moved  to  Davenport  and  entered  into  partnership  with  his 
brother,  Ebenezer,  in  the  practice  of  law.  Soon  after  he  became  a  member 
of  the  banking  firm  of  Cook  and  Sargent  which  established  banks  at  Iowa 
City.  Des  Moines  and  Florence,  Nebraska.  In  1852  Mr.  Cook  was  nomi- 
nated by  the  Whigs  of  the  Second  District  for  Representative  in  Congress. 
The  District  then  embraced  the  entire  north  half  of  the  State  and  his 
Democratic  competitor  was  Lincoln  Clark  then  a  member  of  Congress.  Mr. 
Cook  was  elected  by  a  majority  of  five  hundred  seventy-three  and  served 
but  one  term.  When  the  \^'hig  party  disappeared  Mr.  Cook  became  a 
Democrat.     He  died  in  Davenport  on  the  16th  of  April,  1872. 

DATUS  E.  COON  was  one  of  the  pioneer  newspaper  men  of  Iowa. 
He  established  the  first  newspaper  in  IMitchell  County,  at  Osage,  in  1856, 
called  the  Democrat  and  supported  the  administration  of  James  Buchanan. 
In  1858  he  established  a  paper  called  the  Ccr7-o  Gordo  Press,  at  Mason 
City,  the  first  in  the  county.  Two  years  later,  in  1860,  he  moved  to  Elling- 
ton and  there  established  the  first  paper  published  in  Hancock  County. 
When  the  Civil  War  began  he  received  authority  from  Governor  Kirk- 
wood  to  raise  a  company  for  the  Second  Towa  Cavalry.     It  became  Com- 


60  HISTORY 


pany  I  in  the  organization  of  the  regiment.  He  was  a  gallant  soldier  and 
was  promoted  to  major  in  September,  1861,  to  colonel  in  1864  and  bre- 
vetted  Brigadier-General  in  March,  1865.  He  located  in  Alabama  at  the 
close  of  the  war  and  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  during  the  recon- 
struction period.  Mr.  Coon  was  appointed  by  President  Hayes  Consul  to 
Babaca,  Cuba.  In  1875  he  went  to  San  Diego,  California,  as  Superintend- 
ent of  the  Chinese  Exclusion  Law,  where  he  was  killed  by  the  accidental 
discharge  of  a  pistol  on  the  17th  of  December,  1893. 

GEORGE  B.  CORKHILL,  lawyer,  soldier  and  editor,  was  born  Ib 
Harrison  County,  Ohio,  in  1838.  In  1847  the  family  removed  to  Iowa, 
locating  at  Mount  Pleasant.  He  graduated  from  the  Wesleyan  Univer- 
sity of  Mount  Pleasant,  afterwards  taking  the  law  course  at  Harvard 
University.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Mount  Pleasant  and  began 
practice;  but  in  1862  entered  the  Union  army,  having  been  appointed  by 
President  Lincoln  Commissary  of  Subsistence  and  assigned  to  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  where  he  served  until  the  close  of  the  war,  having  been  pro- 
moted to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  After  leaving  the  army  be  be- 
came a  law  partner  of  A.  H.  Bereman  at  St.  Louis  for  a  time  but  re- 
turned to  Mount  Pleasant  and  in  1869  was  appointed  District  Attorney  of 
the  First  District.  He  was  later  appointed  clerk  of  the  United  States  Dis- 
trict Court  for  Iowa.  Mr.  Corkhill  was  for  some  time  private  secretary  to 
Senator  Harlan  and  was  special  agent  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior 
under  him.  He  was  editor-in-chief  of  the  Washington  Chronicle  for  some 
time.  In  1880  he  was  appointed  by  President  Hayes  United  States  Dis- 
trict Attorney  for  the  District  of  Columbia  and  acquired  national  fame 
in  conducting  the  prosecution  of  Guiteau,  the  assassin  of  President  Gar- 
field. He  also  prosecuted  the  suits  against  the  famous  "  Star  Route " 
officials.  Colonel  Corkhill  was  a  life-long  Republican.  His  first  wife  was 
Olive  B.  Miller,  the  eldest  daughter  of  Judge  Samuel  F.  Miller,  Iowa 
member  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court.  Colonel  Corkhill  died  at 
Mount  Pleasant  July  6,  1886,  from  disability  contracted  during  the  war. 

JOHN  M.  CORSE  was  born  April  27,  1835,  at  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania. 
In  1842  his  father  removed  to  the  new  Territory  of  Iowa,  locating  at  Bur- 
lington. The  son,  John,  after  acquiring  an  education  became  a  clerk  in  a 
drug  and  book  store.  In  1853  General  A.  C.  Dodge,  who  was  a  friend  of 
the  father,  secured  the  son  an  appointment  in  the  Military  Academy  at 
West  Point.  After  two  years'  instruction  he  left  the  Academy  and  en- 
gaged in  business  with  his  father  at  Burlington.  Later  he  studied  law 
with  C.  Ben  Darwin,  finally  took  the  law  course  at  Albany,  New  York, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  was  a  "Douglas  Democrat"  and  in  1860 
received  the  nomination  of  that  party  for  Secretary  of  State,  but  with 
his  party  was  defeated.     When  the  Civil  War  began  he  helped  raise  men 


OF  IOWA  61 


for  the  First  Battery  of  Light  Artillery.  Soon  after  he  received  the  ap- 
pointment of  major  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  of  Infantry  and  was  in  the 
Battle  of  Shiloh.  In  May  he  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel  and  was 
in  command  of  the  regiment.  In  March,  1863,  he  was  commissioned  colonel 
and  in  August  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General.  In  1864  he  was  in 
Sherman's  great  campaign  through  the  Gulf  States  and  greatly  distin- 
guished himself  by  an  heroic  defense  of  Allatoona  against  an  assault  by 
a  greatly  superior  force.  He  served  with  distinction  to  the  close  of  the 
war  and  was  brevetted  Major-General  of  volunteers  in  April,  1866.  In 
1867  he  was  appointed  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  in  Chicago.  He  was 
one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Texas  Pacific  Railroad  Company.  In  1871 
he  removed  to  Boston  where  in  1886  he  was  appointed  postmaster.  He 
died  in  that  city  on  the  27th  of  April,  1893. 

AYLETT  R.  COTTON  was  born  in  Austintown,  Ohio,  November  29, 
1826.  He  received  a  liberal  education  and  first  engaged  in  school  teach- 
ing. In  1844  he  came  with  his  father's  family  to  Iowa  and  located  at 
De  Witt  in  Clinton  County,  where  he  began  to  study  law.  After  making 
a  journey  to  California,  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  De  Witt 
in  1851.  He  was  elected  county  judge  serving  two  years  and  then  became 
Prosecuting  Attorney.  Removing  to  Lyons  he  became  mayor  of  the  city 
in  1855.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  in 
1856  and  took  an  active  part  in  framing  the  new  Constitution.  Mr.  Cotton 
was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Twelfth  General  Assembly  in  1867,  was 
reelected  at  the  close  of  his  term  and  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  in  the 
session  of  1870.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  the  fall  of  1870,  serving 
two  terms,  having  been  a  Republican  from  the  time  of  the  organization  of 
that  party.    He  removed  to  California. 

ROBERT  G.  COUSINS  was  born  in  Cedar  County,  Iowa,  in  1859, 
graduated  from  Cornell  College,  Mount  Vernon,  having  finished  his  course 
in  1881  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  the  following  year.  In  the  fall  of 
1885  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Twenty-first  General  Assembly 
and  at  the  session  of  the  Senate  held  in  1887  to  try  the  impeachment 
charges  preferred  against  J.  L.  Brown,  Auditor  of  State,  Mr.  Cousins  was 
chosen  by  the  House  to  act  as  one  of  the  prosecutors.  The  Senate  acquit- 
ted the  auditor:  but  it  was  conceded  that  the  prosecution  was  ably  con- 
ducted and  Mr.  Cousins'  argument  was  an  eloquent  presentation  of  the 
case  and  brought  the  young  laAvyer  into  prominence.  In  1888  he  was 
chosen  Prosecuting  Attorney  and  Presidential  elector  in  the  Fifth  Dis- 
trict. In  1892  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  of  the  Fifth  District 
for  Representative  in  Congress  and  elected  by  a  plurality  of  1,098.  He 
has  been  repeatedly  reelected,  serving  in  the  Fifty-fourth,  Fifty-fifth,  Fifty- 
sixth  and  Fifty-seventh  Congresses  and  has  won  the  reputation  of  being 


62  HISTORY 


one  of  the  most  eloquent   public   speakers   in   the   House   of  Representa- 
tives. 

JOHN  COWNIE  was  born  in  Alyth,  Perthshire,  Scotland,  December  8, 
1843.  The  family  coming  to  America  located  in  Scott  County,  Iowa,  when 
the  son  was  but  twelve  years  of  age.  His  education  began  in  Scotland  and 
after  coming  to  this  country  he,  by  hard  study,  qualified  himself  for  teach- 
ing. He  became  deeply  interested  in  farming  and  became  an  active  and 
enterprising  member  of  the  Swine  Breeders'  Association,  Iowa  Draft  and 
Coach  Horse  Association,  the  Improved  Stock  Breeders'  Association,  and  in 
1894  became  one  of  the  directors  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society.  In 
1896  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  presidential  electors  on  the  Republican 
ticket,  and  in  1898  was  elected  President  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society. 
When  the  State  Board  of  Control  was  established,  Mr.  Cownie  was  ap- 
pointed one  of  its  members  by  Governor  Shaw. 

PHILIP  M.  CRAPO  is  a  native  of  Freetown,  near  New  Bedford, 
Massachusetts,  where  he  was  born  June  30,  1844.  In  youth  he  enjoyed 
excellent  educational  advantages,  but  chose  to  forego  a  college  career  that 
he  might  enlist  in  the  Third  Massachusetts  Infantry,  serving  in  the  east- 
ern department.  After  the  war  he  became  a  civil  engineer  in  Michigan 
and  was  engaged  in  the  State  offices  at  Detroit  in  the  preparation  of  the 
Military  History  of  Michigan.  In  1868  Mr.  Crapo  came  to  Iowa  as  the 
representative  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Company  which 
he  served  in  various  capacities  for  more  than  twenty-one  years.  He  has 
always  been  a  public  spirited  citizen  and  aided  materially  in  numerous 
important  enterprises  in  Burlington.  Re  assured  the  establishment  of  the 
Burlington  Free  Public  Library  and  has  recently  made  possible  the  erection 
of  a  permanent  home  for  it  by  subscribing  half  the  cost  of  a  beautiful 
building.  He  was  also  chiefly  instrumental  in  providing  a  public  park  for 
Burlington  which  bears  his  name.  Mr.  Crapo  assured  the  success  of  the 
Semi-Centennial  Celebration  of  the  admission  of  the  State  into  the  Union, 
which  was  held  in  Burlington  in  1896,  serving  as  President  of  the  Board 
of  Commissioners  which  had  charge  of  the  enterprise.  He  was  largely  in- 
strumental in  securing  the  establishment  of  the  Soldiers'  Home  at  Mar- 
shalltown  and  delivered  the  address  on  behalf  of  the  soldiers  at  the  dedica- 
tion of  the  building. 

SAMUEL  A.  CRAVATH,  physician  and  journalist,  was  born  at  Con- 
neaut,  Pennsylvania,  September  27,  1836.  He  entered  the  preparatory 
department  of  Oberlin  College  in  1852,  graduating  in  1858.  On  account  of 
his  high  standing  as  a  classical  student  he  was  chosen  to  teach  Greek  and 
Latin  while  pursuing  his  studies  and  also  taiight  district  school  during 
vacations  to  defray  his  expenses.  After  graduating  he  became  principal 
of  Madison  Seminary  and  later  superintendent  of  the  schools  of  Madison, 


OF  IOWA  63 


studying  medicine  in  the  meantime.  In  1864  he  received  the  degree  of 
M.  D.  from  the  Cincinnati  College  of  Medicine  and  Surgery.  He  began  the 
practice  of  medicine  at  Springfield,  Ohio,  but  removed  to  Iowa  in  1865, 
locating  at  Mitchell,  where  he  established  the  Mitchell  County  News  in 
1869.  In  January,  1872,  he  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  Grinnell 
Herald,  where  for  a  time  he  was  associated  with  Albert  Shaw,  the  founder 
of  the  Review  of  Reviews.  Dr.  Cravath  retained  editorial  management  of 
the  Herald  until  1890.  He  has  held  large  business  interests  in  Grinnell 
and  has  served  as  one  of  the  trustees  of  Iowa  College. 

MARCELLUS  M.  CROCKER,  lawyer  and  soldier,  was  born  in  Johnson 
County,  Indiana,  February  6,  1830.  With  his  father's  family  he  came  to 
Jefferson  County,  Iowa,  in  1844,  where  he  attracted  the  notice  of  Shepherd 
Leffler,  who  was  a  member  of  Congress  living  at  Burlington.  When 
Crocker  was  sixteen  years  of  age  he  had  acquired  an  education.  Leffler 
and  General  A.  C.  Dodge,  who  was  a  United  States  Senator,  joined  in  se- 
curing him  the  appointment  of  cadet  in  the  Military  Academy  at  West 
Point.  He  entered  upon  his  military  education,  but  the  death  of  his 
father  made  it  necessary  for  him  to  leave  the  Academy  before  he  could 
graduate.  It  was  in  the  fall  of  1849  when  he  returned  home  to  look  after 
the  affairs  of  his  father's  estate  that  he  entered  the  office  of  Judge  Olney 
and  took  up  the  study  of  law.  In  the  course  of  two  years  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  and  began  practice  at  Lancaster,  in  Keokuk  County.  In 
the  spring  of  1854  he  removed  to  Des  Moines  and  entered  into  partnership 
with  D.  0.  Finch.  In  1857  he  and  P.  M.  Casady  became  partners  in  the 
practice  of  law  and  soon  after  J.  S.  Polk  became  a  member  of  the  firm. 
Mr.  Crocker  became  in  a  few  years  one  of  the  most  prominent  and  suc- 
cessful lawyers  in  central  Iowa.  He  was  attending  court  at  Adel  when  the 
news  of  the  firing  on  Fort  vSumter  was  received.  He  returned  to  Des 
Moines  and  made  a  thrilling  address  at  a  war  meeting.  From  this  time 
forward  he  was  an  uncompromising  Union  man,  supporting  Lincoln's  ad- 
ministration, although  he  had  been  a  firm  Democrat  from  boyhood.  He  at 
once  began  to  raise  a  company  for  the  war,  which  became  Company  D  of 
the  Second  Volunteer  Infantry,  of  which  he  was  commissioned  captain.  He 
won  rapid  promotion  and  in  October,  1862,  was  commissioned  Colonel  of 
the  Thirteenth  Infantry.  In  the  winter  following  he  was  promoted  to  a 
Brigadier-General.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh  and 
Corinth,  and  in  the  latter  commanded  a  brigade  which  was  composed  of  tlie 
Eleventh,  Thirteenth,  Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  Iowa  regiments  and  became 
one  of  the  most  famous  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee.  He  was  promoted 
to  Major-General  and  placed  in  command  of  the  Seventh  Division  of  the 
Seventeenth  Army  Corps,  which  fought  most  gallantly  with  heavy  loss  at 
the  battles  of  Jackson  and  Champion's  Hill.  In  this  campaign  under  the 
eye  of  General  Grant,  that  great  chieftain  pronounced  Crocker  "  competent 
to  command  an  army."     In  1863  he  came  home  on  sick  leave.     While  in 


64  HISTORY 


Des  Moines  the  Republican  State  Convention  was  in  session,  and  there 
was  a  movement  inaugurated  to  nominate  him  for  Governor.  But  he  de- 
clined the  honor  with  the  remark :  "  If  a  soldier  is  worth  anything  he  can- 
not be  spared  from  the  field;  if  he  is  worthless,  he  will  not  make  a  good 
Governor."  His  last  active  service  in  the  Civil  War  was  with  Sherman  in 
the  march  to  the  sea,  where  his  health  began  to  fail.  Early  in  the  summer 
he  was  transferred  to  a  command  in  New  Mexico  where  it  was  hoped  the 
climate  would  be  beneficial  to  him.  But  he  was  already  stricken  with  a 
fatal  malady  and  in  June,  1865,  he  went  to  Washington  where  he  was 
prostrated  with  sickness,  but  lingered  until  August  26,  when  he  passed 
away  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-five. 

HENRY  J.  B.  CUMMINGS  was  born  at  Newton,  New  Jersey,  May  31, 
1831.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Pennsylvania  and  at  the 
age  of  nineteen  became  editor  of  a  newspaper  in  Schuylkill  County.  He 
studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Williamsport,  Pennsylvania;  but 
in  1856  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Winterset.  He  was  elected  Prosecut- 
ing Attorney.  When  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  began  Mr.  Cummings  helped 
raise  Company  F  of  the  Fourth  Infantry  and  was  elected  captain.  In 
September,  1862,  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Kirkwood  colonel  of  the 
Thirty-ninth  Volunteer  Infantry,  serving  until  1865.  Upon  his  return 
home  he  became  the  editor  of  the  Winterset  Madisonimi.  In  1876  he  was 
nominated  by  the  Republicans  of  the  Seventh  District  for  Representative 
in  Congress  and  elected,  serving  one  term. 

ALBERT  B.  CUMMINS,  seventeenth  Governor  of  Iowa,  was  born  in 
Greene  County,  Pennsylvania,  February  15,  1850.  He  acquired  a  good 
education,  attending  Waynesburg  College.  In  1869  he  came  to  Iowa  and 
secured  a  position  in  the  recorder's  office  of  Clayton  County  at  Elkader. 
Later  he  became  a  civil  engineer  and  was  engaged  in  the  location  and  con- 
struction of  the  Richmond  &  Fort  Wayne  Railroad  in  Indiana.  He  studied 
law  and  in  1875  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  began  practice  in  Chicago. 
In  January,  1878.  he  located  at  Des  Moines,  and  in  1881  entered  into  part- 
nership with  Judge  George  G.  Wright  and  his  son  Thomas  S.  Wright. 
Soon  after  he  entered  the  firm  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  litigation 
known  as  the  barb  wire  conflict.  The  farmers  of  Iowa  had  organized  the 
Protective  Association  to  resist  the  exorbitant  demands  of  the  Washburn 
and  Moen  syndicate  which  had  purchased  many  patents  and  sought  to 
control  the  manufacture  and  fix  the  price  of  all  wire  fencing.  Mr.  Cum- 
mins was  employed  by  the  Farmers'  Protective  Association  to  fight  the 
monopoly  in  the  courts.  The  contest  lasted  several  years.  Mr.  Cummins 
was  obliged  to  meet  the  ablest  patent  lawyers  in  the  country  and  equipped 
himself  by  a  thorough  study  of  patent  law  and  decisions.  To  the  surprise 
of  the  syndicate,  its  lawyers  found  the  young  Des  Moines  attorney  a  match 
for  them  on  every  point  raised.     In  the  end  the  monopoly  was  broken  and 


THE 
NEW  YOR''< 
'public  LlBRARYjj 

'Astor,  Lenox  and  Tilden  jj 
Foundat'ons.       '^ 


7\       C^'^.^:^-^-^^::,^,^, 


OF  IOWA  65 


Mr.  Cummins  had  acquired  State  wide  reputation  as  one  of  its  ablest 
lawj^ers.  In  1887  he  was  an  independent  candidate  for  Representative  in 
the  Twenty-second  General  Assembly  and  was  elected  over  the  Republican 
candidate.  In  1892  he  presided  over  the  Republican  State  Convention  and 
was  chosen  as  one  of  the  Presidential  Electors  on  the  Republican  ticket. 
He  was  twice  a  candidate  for  United  States  Senator  against  Ex-Governor 
John  H.  Gear  but  was  not  successful.  In  1896  he  was  President  of  the 
Republican  State  Convention  and  one  of  the  Delegates  to  the  National  Con- 
vention. He  served  in  the  Presidential  campaign  as  a  member  of  the 
National  Republican  Committee.  In  1901  he  was  nominated,  after  a  not- 
able contest,  as  the  Republican  candidate  for  Governor  of  the  State  and 
elected  by  a  large  majority. 

CHARLES  F.  CURTISS  was  born  near  Galena,  Illinois,  December  12, 
1863.  About  a  year  later  the  family  removed  to  Story  County,  Iowa,  and 
the  son  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  at  the  State  College 
of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts,  graduating  as  president  of  the  class. 
For  three  years  Mr.  Curtiss  managed  the  home  farm  of  a  thousand  acres 
and  was  engaged  in  importing  and  breeding  fine  stock.  During  President 
Harrison's  administration  he  was  appointed  State  Statistical  Agent,  and 
in  1891  became  assistant  director  of  the  Experimental  Station  of  the  Iowa 
State  College.  Professor  Curtiss  succeeded  Secretary  James  Wilson  as  Di- 
rector of  the  Experimental  Station  and  Professor  of  Agriculture  in  1897. 
He  has  a  wide  acquaintance  among  the  agriculturists  of  the  country  and 
is  a  member  of  numerous  organizations  in  which  he  has  held  the  following 
positions:  President  of  the  Stock  Breeders'  Association,  member  of  the 
executive  committee  of  the  International  Live  Stock  Exposition,  member  of 
the  executive  committee  of  the  American  Association  of  Agricultural  Col- 
leges and  Experimental  Stations.  He  has  served  as  judge  of  stock  at  a 
large  number  of  State  Fairs,  the  Pan-American,  Trans-Mississippi  and 
International  Expositions.  He  is  a  frequent  contributor  to  American  and 
foreign  agricultural  publications,  and  the  results  of  his  investigations  have 
been  translated  and  republished  in  foreign  countries. 

GEORGE  M.  CURTIS  was  born  in  Oxford,  Chenango  County,  New 
York,  April  I,  1844.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  in  1856  came  with  his 
parents  to  Ogle  County,  Illinois,  and  completed  his  education  at  Rock 
River  Seminary,  Mount  Morris.  He  located  at  Clinton,  Iowa,  in  1867  and 
engaged  in  the  lumber  business.  In  the  fall  of  1887  he  was  nominated  by 
the  Republicans  of  Clinton  County  for  Representative  in  the  Twenty-second 
General  Assembly.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Con- 
vention of  1892  and  in  1894  was  nominated  for  Representative  in  Congress 
for  the  Second  District.  It  had  long  been  represented  by  a  Democrat  but 
Mr.  Curtis  overcame  the  Democratic  majority  and  was  elected  by  a  plu- 

[Vol.  4] 


66  HISTORY 


rality   of  3,320.     He  was  reelected   and   at  the  close   of  his   second  term 
declined  a  third. 

SAMUEL  R.  CURTIS  was  born  in  Ohio  on  the  3d  of  February,  1807. 
He  entered  the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point  and  graduated  in  1831. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  War  with  Mexico  he  was  appointed  Adjutant 
General  of  Ohio  and  soon  after  was  commissioned  Colonel  of  the  Third 
Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  served  with  distinction  through  the  war  and 
was  military  governor  of  several  of  the  captured  cities.  In  1847  he  re- 
moved to  Keokuk,  Iowa  and  was  for  several  years  chief  engineer  of  the 
Des  Moines  River  improvement.  He  became  civil  engineer  for  several 
railroads  constructed  in  Iowa,  Indiana  and  Illinois.  In  1856  he  was  nomi- 
nated by  the  Republicans  of  the  First  District  for  Representative  in  Con- 
gress and  elected,  serving  until  1861,  when  he  resigned  his  seat  to  enter 
the  military  service.  He  was  the  first  colonel  of  the  Second  Iowa  Infantry 
and  was  soon  promoted  to  Brigadier-General.  He  commanded  the  Union 
army  in  the  Battle  of  Pea  Ridge  where  he  won  a  brilliant  victory  over  supe- 
rior numbers.  General  G.  M.  Dodge,  one  of  the  ablest  of  the  higher  oflacers 
from  Iowa  writes  of  that  battle: 

"  Probably  no  one  had  a  better  opportunity  than  I  to  judge  of  the 
battle.  My  command  opened  the  battle,  and  I  think  was  the  last  to  fire 
a  gun.  General  Curtis,  the  commander  of  that  army,  was  entitled  to  the 
full  credit  of  that  great  victory.  The  battle  virtually  cleared  up  the  south- 
west and  allowed  all  our  forces  to  concentrate  on  or  east  of  the  Mississippi. 
General  Curtis  had  under  him  as  the  division  commanders  several  experi- 
enced, educated  soldiers,  who  performed  their  duties  with  great  ability, 
but  it  was  General  Curtis  who  met  and  defeated  on  their  own  ground, 
three  hundred  miles  away  from  any  base,  twice  his  number.  He  was 
attacked  in  the  rear  and  on  the  flank  with  great  force,  the  fighting  lasting 
three  days,  and  he  defeated,  yes,  virtually  destroyed,  Van  Dorn's  army." 

General  Curtis  was  promptly  promoted  to  Major-General  in  rec- 
ognition of  his  great  victory  and  given  command  of  the  Department 
of  Missouri.  After  a  vigorous  campaign  a  clique  of  unscrupulous 
politicians  of  Missouri  secured  his  removal  and  he  was  transferred 
to  the  Department  of  Kansas  where  he  won  additional  honors.  He 
was  the  first  Major-General  from  Iowa,  the  only  one  who  commanded  an 
independent  army.  He  was  never  defeated  in  battle  and  it  was  not  credit- 
able to  the  administration  that  a  commander  so  able  and  successful  should 
have  been  displaced  from  a  Department  where  he  had  won  enduring  fame. 

MARSENA  E.  CUTTS  was  born  at  Orwell,  Addison  County,  Vermont, 
May  22,  1833.  He  received  a  liberal  education  and  came  to  Iowa  in  June, 
1855,  settling  in  Poweshiek  County.  He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  and  in  1858  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  that  county  and  served 
as  Representative  in  the  Legislature  for  the  extra  session  of  1861.     In  1863 


THE 

NEW  YORK      \\ 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY' 


Astor,  Lenox  and  Tilden 
Foundations. 


NEW  YORK 


liioxar.a  Ulaon 
;■-.|^3{ions. 


^M^  A.hr^'^^^UUX^ 


OF  IOWA  67 


he  was  elected  Senator  for  the  Twenty-sixth  District,  composed  of  the 
counties  of  Iowa  and  Poweshiek,  serving  in  the  Tenth  and  Eleventh  Gen- 
eral Assemblies.  In  1872  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Carpenter  Attor- 
ney-General of  the  State  to  fill  a  vacancy.  In  November  of  the  same  year 
he  was  elected  to  a  full  term  of  two  years  and  reelected  in  1874.  In  1880 
he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  of  the  Sixth  District  for  Repre- 
sentative in  Congress  and  in  a  very  close  vote  was  awarded  the  certificate 
of  election.  He  served  a  part  of  the  term  but  his  election  being  contested 
by  John  C.  Cook  his  Democratic  competitor,  the  seat  was  finally  awarded 
to  him.  In  1882  Mr.  Cutts  was  again  nominated  for  Representative  in 
Congress  in  the  Fifth  District  and  was  elected  by  a  plurality  over  each 
of  his  competitors.  He  died  before  the  expiration  of  his  term  in  the  prime 
of  life.  He  was  a  lawyer,  legislator  and  public  speaker  of  marked  ability 
and  for  many  years  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Republican  party  of  Iowa. 

MARK  A.  DASHIELL,  a  pioneer  in  central  Iowa,  was  born  in  Dearborn 
County,  Indiana,  October  2,  1826.  He  received  his  education  at  Aurora  and 
Wilmington  in  his  native  Stnte  and  obtained  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from  the 
Indiana  Central  Medical  College  at  Indianapolis  in  1851.  Two  years  later 
he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Hartford,  Warren  County,  where  he  en- 
tered upon  the  practice  of  medicine.  He  was  one  of  the  early  Republicans 
of  the  State  and  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Medical  Examin- 
ers of  the  Pension  Bureau  under  Lincoln's  administration  and  still  holds 
the  position.  Dr.  Dashiell  was  elected  Representative  in  the  House  of  the 
Twelfth  General  Assembly,  in  1868,  and  in  1872  was  elected  to  the  Senate, 
serving  four  years.  In  1878  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Senate,  thus 
serving  in  the  General  Assembly  for  a  period  of  twelve  years.  During  his 
term  he  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  the  suppression  of  intemper- 
ance and  on  reform  schools.  He  has  been  a  prominent  member  of  the 
Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association  and  was  a  trustee  of  the  State  Reform 
Schools  for  ten  years. 

GEORGE  DAVENPORT,  in  whose  honor  the  city  of  Davenport  was 
named,  was  born  in  England  in  1783.  He  was  a  sailor  in  his  youth  and 
coming  to  New  York  in  1804  enlisted  in  the  army  and  served  ten  years. 
In  the  spring  of  1816  he  was  with  the  expedition  under  Colonel  Lavirrence 
Avhich  was  sent  to  Rock  Island  to  build  a  fort.  After  he  was  discharged 
from  the  army  he  engaged  in  trade  with  the  Indians  and  in  a  few  years 
built  up  a  profitable  business.  In  1825  a  post-office  was  established  at 
Rock  Island  of  which  Mr.  Davenport  was  appointed  postmaster.  In  1826 
he  became  a  member  and  agent  of  the  American  Fur  Company  and  had 
charge  of  its  business  from  the  Iowa  to  the  Turkey  River.  In  the  Black 
Hawk  War  he  was  quartermaster  with  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  had  built 
a  residence  on  the  lower  part  of  Rock  Island  near  the  old  fort  and  in  18.35 


68  HISTORY 


in  company  with  six  others  purchased  a  large  tract  of  land  on  the  Iowa 
side  of  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  the  island.  Here  a  town  was  platted 
which  was  called  Davenport.  In  1842  he  rendered  the  Government  valu- 
able service  in  assisting  Governor  Chambers  in  negotiating  a  treaty  for  the 
purchase  of  Iowa  lands  from  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians.  On  the  Fourth 
of  July,  1845,  while  alone  in  his  house,  Colonel  Davenport  was  robbed  and 
murdered.  Three  of  the  murderers  were  convicted  and  executed  for  the 
crime. 

SA3IUEL  T.  DAVIS,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Sioux  City,  was  born  in 
Meadville,  Pennsylvania,  August  15,  1828.  His  early  education  was  ac- 
quired in  Mercer  County,  of  his  native  State,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  he 
entered  the  preparatory  department  of  Allegheny  College  at  Meadville,  tak- 
ing a  course  which  he  thought  would  best  serve  him  in  a  business  career. 
After  leaving  college  he  first  became  principal  of  Greenville  Academy,  but 
having  the  practice  of  law  in  view  soon  began  that  study  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1855.  Coming  west  he  located  at  the  frontier  town  of 
Sioux  City  in  1856,  opening  a  law  and  real  estate  office.  He  has  been  the 
promoter  of  several  important  lines  of  railroad  in  Northwestern  Iowa,  Min- 
nesota, Dakota  and  Nebraska,  and  has  aided  local  manufacturing.  Mr. 
Davis  served  as  Register  of  the  United  States  Land  Office  at  Sioux  City, 
under  President  Lincoln's  administration,  and  was  elected  on  the  Repub- 
lican ticket  to  the  State  Senate  in  18G8  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  a  Demo- 
crat until  the  fall  of  Sumter  when  he  became  a  Republican.  He  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  Sioux  City  Journal. 

TmOTHY  DAVIS  was  born  in  Newark,  New  Jersey,  in  March,  1794. 
He  received  but  a  common  school  education,  went  to  Kentucky  and  studied 
law  in  1816.  He  practiced  his  profession  for  twenty  years  in  the  State 
of  Missouri  and  then  removed  to  Dubuque  in  Iowa.  In  1847  he  was  nom- 
inated by  the  Whigs  of  the  Second  District  for  Representative  in  Con- 
gress but  was  defeated  by  Shepherd  Leffler  the  Democratic  candidate.  He 
united  with  the  Republicans  upon  the  organization  of  that  party  and  was 
elected  to  Congress  in  1856  but  retired  at  the  end  of  the  term. 

JAMES  G.  DAY,  jurist,  was  born  in  Jefferson  County,  Ohio,  June  28, 
1832.  In  youth  he  attended  Richmond  Academy  and  afterwards  graduated 
from  the  Cincinnati  Law  School  in  the  class  of  1857.  He  soon  after  located 
at  Afton,  in  Union  County,  Iowa,  where  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
his  profession.  In  the  fall  of  18G1,  when  it  became  evident  that  the  Civil 
War  was  to  be  a  long  and  desperate  conflict.  Mr.  Day  closed  his  law  office 
and  joined  a  military  company  which  was  incorporated  into  the  Fifteenth 
Regiment  of  Infantry.  He  was  chosen  one  of  the  lieutenants  of  Company 
F,  and  was  soon  at  the  seat  of  war,  where  for  gallant  service  he  was 


OF  IOWA  69 


promoted  to  captain  of  the  company.  He  was  severely  wounded  at  the 
Battle  of  Shiloh,  so  that  he  was  compelled  to  relinquish  his  command  and 
retired  from  the  service  in  September,  1862.  Before  his  return  home  he 
had  been  nominated  by  the  Republicans  for  judge  of  the  Third  District, 
was  elected  and  was  serving  his  second  term  when  appointed  judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  on  the  1st  of  September,  1870,  to  fill  a  vacancy  caused  by 
the  resignation  of  Judge  Wright  who  had  been  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate.  He  was  continued  on  the  Supreme  bench  by  election  until  Janu- 
ary 1,  1884,  serving  as  Chief  Justice  the  last  year  of  his  term.  He  was 
defeated  in  convention  for  nomination  in  consequence  of  a  decision  ren- 
dered by  the  Court,  declaring  the  prohibitory  amendment  proposed  to 
the  Constitution  void,  in  consequence  of  failure  of  the  Legislature  to 
submit  it  to  the  voters  in  a  legal  manner.  Judge  Day  wrote  the  opinion 
of  the  Court  and  thus  incurred  the  opposition  of  enough  prohibition  dele- 
gates in  the  State  Convention  to  accomplish  his  defeat.  That  Judge  Day 
was  actuated  by  the  purest  motives,  in  pronouncing  this  decision,  has  never 
been  doubted  and  its  soundness  has  been  conceded  by  many  of  the  ablest 
lawyers  of  the  State.  He  removed  to  Des  Moines  and  resumed  the  prac- 
tice of  law,  where  he  died  suddenly  on  the  1st  of  May,  1898. 

HEKRY  CLAY  DEAN"  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania, 
October  27,  1822.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Madison  College,  Pennsylvania, 
taught  for  a  time  and  studied  law.  In  1845  he  joined  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Conference  of  Virginia  and  began  to  preach  in  the  mountain 
region  of  that  State  where  he  remained  for  four  years.  In  1850  he  re- 
moved to  Iowa,  locating  at  Pittsburg,  Van  BiU'en  County,  where  he 
preached  through  the  Keosauqua  circuit,  joining  the  Fairfield  Conference. 
Through  the  influence  of  General  George  W.  Jones,  one  of  our  first  United 
States  Senators,  Mr.  Dean  was  chosen  chaplain  of  the  Senate.  He  was  one 
of  the  trustees  of  the  Iowa  Wesleyan  University  at  Mount  Pleasant.  Mr. 
Dean  was  admitted  to  the  bar  but  did  not  practice  law.  He  was  a  public 
speaker  of  rare  eloquence  and  was  frequently  invited  to  deliver  lectures, 
among  which  was  a  "  Beply  to  Ingersoll,"  "  The  Constitution,"  "  Declara- 
tion of  Independence  "  and  many  other  topics.  During  the  Civil  War  he 
was  arrested  for  disloyal  utterances  and  confined  in  prison  for  several 
months  by  order  of  Government  officials.  Upon  his  release  he  wrote  and 
published  a  book  with  the  title,  "  Crimes  of  the  Civil  War."  It  was  a 
bitter  assault  upon  President  Lincoln  and  the  administration  in  the  great 
work  of  subduing  the  Rebellion.  He  removed  to  a  farm  in  Putnam  County, 
Missouri,  which  he  named  "  Rebel  Cove  " ;  it  was  about  four  miles  from  a 
station  on  the  C.  B.  &  Q.  Railroad  where  a  postoffice  was  named  Dean. 
Here  he  had  gathered  a  great  library  which  was  destroyed  by  fire.  He 
died  on  this  farm  February  6,  1887. 


70  HISTORY 


HORACE  E.  DEEMER  was  born  on  the  24th  of  September,  1858,  at 
Bourbon,  Marshall  County,  Indiana.  In  1864  his  parents,  who  were 
Quakers,  removed  to  Iowa,  making  their  home  near  the  Quaker  colony  of 
Springdale,  made  famous  by  harboring  John  Brown  while  he  drilled  his 
band  for  the  Harper's  Ferry  raid.  Here  the  young  man  began  his  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools,  taking  a  course  later  in  the  High  School  at  West 
Liberty  and  finally  graduating  from  the  State  University  at  Iowa  City. 
He  first  engaged  in  the  furniture  business  at  West  Liberty  but  later  took 
up  the  study  of  law  and  removing  to  Red  Oak,  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  his  new  profession.  He  met  with  marked  success  and  was  chosen  chair- 
man of  the  Republican  county  committee  and  secretary  of  the  county  agri- 
cultural society.  In  November,  1886,  he  was  elected  a  Republican  judge 
of  the  Fifteenth  Judicial  District  and  at  the  close  of  the  term  was 
reelected  but,  before  the  expiration  of  his  second  term  was  appointed  by 
Governor  Jackson,  Associate  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court.  In  1898  he  be- 
came Chief  Justice,  one  of  the  youngest  men  who  has  attained  that  posi- 
tion in  Iowa.  In  1898  he  was  reelected.  Judge  Deemer  has  been  one  of 
the  Lecturers  at  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  University,  author  of 
Synopsis  of  Legal  Subjects;  member  of  the  State  and  American  Bar  As- 
sociations. He  has  written  several  opinions  involving  constitutional  ques- 
tions. 

NATHANIEL  C.  DEERING  was  born  in  Denmark,  Maine,  on  the  2d 
of  September,  1827.  He  acquired  a  liberal  education  and  taught  school 
several  winters.  In  1850  he  went  with  a  party  of  gold  seekers  to  California, 
by  the  Panama  route.  He  remained  there  for  two  years  and  acquired  a 
small  fortune  with  which  he  returned  home  and  established  a  paper  mill. 
In  1856  his  establishment  was  destroyed  by  fire.  In  September,  1855  he 
was  elected  to  the  Maine  Legislature,  serving  two  terms.  In  Septen)ber, 
1857  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Osage,  Mitchell  County,  wheie  he 
engaged  in  the  lumber  business.  In  July,  1861,  while  on  a  visit  to  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  he  was  appointed  to  a  clerkship  in  the  Senate.  In  the  spring 
of  1865  he  was  appointed  special  agent  of  the  Post-office  Department  for 
Iowa,  Minnesota  and  Nebraska,  serving  four  years.  In  July,  1872.  he  was 
appointed  National  Bank  Examiner,  serving  nearly  five  years.  In  1876  he 
was  elected  to  Congress  on  the  Republican  ticket,  from  the  Fourth  District 
and  was  twice  reelected,  serving  until  1883. 

ORSBORN  W.  DEIGNAN,  the  Iowa  hero  of  the  Merrimac,  was  born 
at  Stuart,  Iowa,  in  February,  1877.  His  father  was  conductor  of  the  pas- 
senger train  which  was  wrecked  near  Grinnell  in  the  tornado  which  de- 
stroyed the  college  and  a  large  part  of  the  town.  Yoimg  Deignan  was  in- 
I'iistiious  and  ambitious,  taking  an  especial  interest  in  history.  At  the  age 
<•!'  fourteen  he  went  to  the  far  West  to  make  his  own  way  in  the  world 


HORACE  E.  DEEMER 


OF   IOWA  71 


and  shipped  as  a  seaman.  After  several  years  he  entered  the  service  in 
the  United  States  Navy  and  was  first  rifleman  on  the  cruiser  Lancaster. 
He  enlisted  in  the  Spanish-American  Wtr  and  to  his  disappointment  was 
assigned  to  a  coal  boat,  but  by  this  means  was  enabled  to  be  with  Lieuten- 
ant Hobson  in  one  of  the  most  thrilling  episodes  of  our  naval  history — the 
sinking  of  the  Merrimac  in  the  channel  of  Santiago  Harbor.  Through  the 
efforts  of  the  Iowa  delegation  in  Congress  Deignan  was  offered  a  course  of 
study  in  the  Naval  Academy  at  Annapolis,  which  he  declined.  He  has 
since  served  in  the  navy  as  boatswain  and  has  visited  many  parts  of  the 
world  in  the  various  cruises. 

JESSE  W.  DENISON,  founder  of  the  county-seat  of  Crawford  County, 
was  born  in  Albany  County,  New  York,  April  9,  1818.  His  early  life  was 
passed  on  his  father's  farm  and  his  education  begun  at  the  Academy  of 
Schoharie  Court  House.  He  entered  Union  College,  graduating  in  1844, 
Later  he  studied  theology  in  New  York  City  and  Covington,  Kentucky, 
graduating  in  1846.  Mr.  Denison  came  to  Crawford  County,  Iowa,  in  1856, 
as  agent  for  the  Providence  Western  Land  Company  which,  through  him, 
acquired  21,000  acres  of  land  in  Crawford,  3,000  in  Harrison  and  1,000 
acres  each  in  Shelby  and  Pottawattamie  counties.  He  laid  out  the  town 
of  Denison  and  for  many  years  worked  for  its  interests  in  securing  the 
county-seat  and  railroad  connections.  He  organized  the  Baptist  church 
during  the  first  year  and  was  its  pastor  until  1863.  He  was  active  in  the 
promotion  of  education  and  the  establishment  of  schools  and  for  twenty 
years  was  untiring  in  all  good  work  to  develop  the  new  country  where  he 
had  settled.  In  politics  he  was  a  Republican  and  in  1859  was  elected  Rep- 
resentative for  the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of  Crawford,  Monona, 
Carroll  and  Greene,  serving  in  the  regular  session  of  the  Eighth  General 
Assembly  and  the  war  session  of  May,  1861. 

MICHAEL  L.  DEVIN  was  born  in  Morgan  County,  Ohio,  January  23, 
1823.  He  received  a  common  school  education  and  while  a  young  man  re- 
moved to  Macon  County,  Illinois,  and  from  there  to  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  in 
the  spring  of  1855,  where  he  engaged  in  selling  goods  until  1860,  when  he 
entered  eight  hundred  acres  of  Government  land  seven  miles  south  of  the 
city  where  he  opened  a  farm,  planting  a  large  orchard  and  engaged  ex- 
tensively in  breeding  fine  stock.  He  was  an  intelligent  farmer  and  a  citizen 
of  wide  influence.  He  was  active  among  the  "  Grange  "  reformers  and  from 
the  beginning  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  barb  wire  contest.  He  was 
elected  president  of  the.  Farmers'  Protective  Association  and  served  several 
years  during  the  time  of  the  continued  litigation  with  the  Washburn  Syn- 
dicate. At  one  time  when  the  attorney  of  the  Association  failed  to  appear 
on  the  day  set  for  an  important  trial  before  Judge  McCrary,  United  States 
Circuit  Judge,  the  attorney  of  Washburn  moved  for  judgment  against  the 


72  HISTORY 


association  by  default.  Mr.  Devin  was  present  and  asked  permission  of 
the  judge  to  appear  for  the  association  of  which  he  was  president.  The 
judge  consented  and  upon  explanation  by  Mr.  Devin,  he  refused  to  have  a 
default  entered  and  postponed  the  case  until  the  attorney  could  be  present. 
At  another  time  a  bond  of  $50,000  was  required  to  be  given  by  the  asso- 
ciation and  Mr.  Devin  soon  made  it  up  through  his  influence  among  busi- 
ness men  who  had  implicit  confidence  in  his  management  and  judgment. 
Mr.  Devin  raised  the  money  to  pay  for  the  first  car  load  of  wire  to  start 
the  farmers'  free  factory  and  all  through  the  struggle  with  the  syndicate 
was  a  tower  of  strength  to  the  association.  He  was  active,  alert,  full  of 
resources  to  meet  and  overcome  all  obstacles  and  never  for  a  moment  con- 
templated or  feared  defeat.  In  1878  he  was  nominated  by  both  the  Demo- 
crats and  Greenback  party  for  State  Treasurer  but  the  Eepublican  majority 
was  too  large  to  be  overcome  and  he  was  not  elected,  although  he  received 
a  large  vote. 

WILLIAM  DEWEY  was  born  on  the  26th  of  March,  1811,  in  the  town 
of  Sheffield,  Massachusetts,  was  educated  at  West  Point  Military  Academy 
and  later  studied  law  with  his  father  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of 
Indiana  in  1836.  After  practicing  law  a  few  years  he  studied  medicine  at 
the  St.  Louis  Medical  College,  then  came  to  Iowa,  becoming  a  resident  of 
Wapello  County  in  1842.  In  1850  he  was  one  of  the  commissioners  ap- 
pointed to  settle  the  disputed  boundary  line  between  Iowa  and  Missouri. 
After  completing  that  work  he  removed  to  Sidney,  Fremont  County,  where 
he  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  medicine  when  the  Rebellion  began. 
Early  in  1861  he  assisted  Colonel  Hugh  T.  Reid  to  raise  the  Fifteenth  Iowa 
Infantry,  was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  and  was  with  it  in  the  Battle 
of  Shiloh  and  the  siege  of  Corinth.  In  August,  1862,  he  was  promoted  to 
colonel  of  the  Twenty-third  Iowa  Infantry.  While  in  command  of  that 
regiment  at  Patterson,  Missouri,  he  died  of  erysipelas  on  the  30th  of  No- 
vember, 1862. 

PETER  A.  DEY  was  born  at  Romulus,  Seneca  County,  New  York, 
January  27,  1825.  He  received  his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  at 
Geneva  College,  New  Y^ork.  He  became  a  civil  engineer  and  moved  to 
Iowa  City,  Iowa,  where  he  followed  his  profession  in  railroad  construction. 
It  was  while  in  the  line  of  his  profession  that  a  supreme  test  of  the  char- 
acter of  the  man  was  made.  The  notorious  "  Credit  Mobilier  of  America  " 
had  been  organized  by  Thomas  C.  Durant,  Oliver  Ames,  Oakes  Ames  and 
other  capitalists  for  the  purpose  of  constructing  the-  Pacific  Railroad.  The 
Government  subsidies  granted  for  the  construction  of  the  road  amounted  to 
the  enormous  sum  of  $64,000  a  mile  for  a  part,  and  $96,000  a  mile  for  the 
remainder.  Peter  A.  Dey  was  the  chief  engineer  of  the  construction,  and 
having  made  a  survey  of  the  first  hundred  miles  reported  that  it  could  be 


■^ 


/^ 


OF  IOWA  73 


constructed  for  $30,000  per  mile.  The  Government  was  offering  $32,000 
and  an  enormous  land  grant  in  addition  for  this  portion  of  the  road.  An 
article  in  Scribner's  Monthly  for  March,  1874,  tells  the  story  of  how  the 
Credit  Mobilier  made  a  profit  of  $5,000,000  in  building  two  hundred  and 
forty-six  miles  of  the  road.  The  following  illustrates  the  stern  integrity  of 
the  Iowa  man  who  was  Chief  Engineer. 

"  When  his  estimate  was  made  to  the  Directors,  it  was  returned  to  him 
with  orders  to  retouch  it  with  higher  colors,  to  put  in  embankments  on 
paper  where  none  existed  on  earth,  to  make  the  old  embankments  heavier, 
to  increase  the  expense  generally,  and  he  was  requested  to  send  in  his 
estimate  that  it  would  cost  $50,000  per  mile.    When  Mr.  Dey  was  informed 

that  this  part  of  the  road  was  let  to  ^ at  $50,000  per  mile, 

which  he  knew  could  be  done  for  $30,000,  this  difference  amounting  to 
$5,000,000  on  the  two  hundred  and  forty-six  miles,  he  resigned  his  position 
as  Chief  Engineer  in  a  noble  letter  to  the  president  of  the  road.  He  closed 
that  letter  with  this  statement:  'My  views  of  the  Pacific  Road  are  per- 
haps peculiar.  I  look  upon  its  managers  as  trustees  of  the  bounty  of  Con- 
gress. .  .  .  You  are  doubtless  informed  how  disproportioned  the  amount 
to  be  paid  is  to  the  work  contracted  for.  I  need  not  expatiate  on  the  sin- 
cerity of  my  course,  when  you  reflect  upon  the  fact  that  I  have  resigned  the 
best  position  in  my  profession  this  country  has  offered  to  any  man.'  " 

This  fidelity  to  public  interest  is  the  one  bright  spot  in  that  disgrace- 
ful era  of  corruption  which  reached  into  Congress  and  blackened  the 
reputation  of  scores  of  public  ofiicials.  It  is  not  strange  that  Peter  A. 
Dey,  whose  stern  integrity  was  thus  tested,  should  have  been  chosen  as 
the  Democratic  member  of  the  Commission  which  built  the  State  House, 
a  work  which  for  all  time  will  stand  as  a  monument  to  the  ability  and 
integrity  of  Robert  S.  Finkbine,  Peter  A.  Dey  and  John  G.  Foote.  In  1878, 
upon  the  creation  of  the  State  Railroad  Commission,  Mr.  Dey  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  Governor  a  member,  where  he  served  until  the  Commis- 
sion was  reorganized  and  the  commissioners  were  elected  by  the  people. 
Notwithstanding  the  fact  that  the  State  was  strongly  Republican,  Peter 
A.  Dey,  a  life-long  Democrat,  was  elected  and  served  continuously  (with 
the  exception  of  one  year)  until  1895.  Mr.  Dey  has  been  president  of  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Iowa  City  more  than  sixteen  years. 

JOHN  F.  DILLON  was  born  in  Montgomery  County,  New  York,  De- 
cember 25,  1831.  His  parents  removed  to  Davenport  in  1838,  then  a  fron- 
tier village  in  the  new  Territory  of  Iowa.  Here  the  son  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  and  when  seventeen  began  the  study  of  medicine  with 
Dr.  E.  S.  Barrows.  He  attended  medical  lectures  at  the  Keokuk  Medical 
College  but  finally  concluded  to  study  law.  He  entered  the  office  of  John 
P.  Cook  and  pursued  his  legal  studies  until  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1852. 
Soon  after  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  and  rose  rapidly  in  the 
profession  until,  in  1858,  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  Seventh  District.  He 
served  with  distinction  four  years  and  in  1863  was  nominated  by  the  Re- 


74  HISTORY 


publican  State  Convention  for  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court.  He  was 
elected  and  in  1868  became  Chief  Justice.  In  1869  he  was  reelected  for 
six  years  but  before  qualifying  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  United 
States  Circuit  Judge  for  the  Eighth  Circuit,  consisting  of  the  States  of 
Iowa,  Kansas,  Missouri,  Arkansas,  Nebraska,  Minnesota  and  Colorado.  In 
1869  he  was  made  lecturer  on  Legal  Jurisprudence  in  the  State  University 
of  Iowa.  He  was  the  founder  and  editor  of  the  Central  Law  Journal  and 
author  of  a  "  Digest  of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa,"  as 
well  as  five  volumes  of  United  States  Circuit  Court  Reports  from  1871  to 
1880.  In  1879  he  resigned  the  Circuit  Judgeship  (a  life  appointment)  and 
removed  to  New  York  City  where  he  had  been  chosen  Professor  of  Ileal 
Estate  and  Equity  Jurisprudence  of  the  Law  Department  of  Columbia 
College.  In  1891-2  he  was  Lecturer  on  Municipal  Law  in  Yale  College.  In 
1892  he  was  chosen  president  of  the  American  Bar  Association.  He  has 
long  had  charge  of  the  legal  business  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Com- 
pany, the  Western  Union  Telegraph  Company  and  the  Manhattan  Elevated 
Railroad  Company.  He  has  found  time  to  continue  his  law  writing  as  the 
author  of  a  "  Commentary  on  the  Law  of  Municipal  Corporations,"  pub- 
lished in  1872,  which  has  run  through  four  editions;  "Removal  of  Causes 
from  State  Courts  to  Federal  Courts,"  published  in  1875,  which  has  passed 
through  three  editions ;  "  Laws  and  Jurisprudence  of  England  and  Amer- 
ica," being  a  series  of  lectures  delivered  before  Yale  University,  published 
in  Boston  in  1895.  Judge  Dillon's  works  have  had  a  large  sale  in  Eng- 
land as  well  as  in  America,  some  editions  having  been  published  in  Lon- 
don. In  this  country  they  were  from  the  first  recognized  as  standard  legal 
authority.  He  is  the  author  of  many  pamphlets  on  legal  and  historical 
affairs,  and  one  of  the  most  elegant  memorial  volumes  that  has  appeared  in 
this  country,  in  memory  of  his  wife  and  daughter  who  were  lost  at  sea 
in  July,  1898.  His  wife  was  the  accomplished  daughter  of  Hon.  Hiram 
Price,  long  member  of  Congress  from  the  Second  Iowa  District.  From  a 
boyhood  of  poverty  and  obscurity,  but  endowed  with  remarkable  intellec- 
tual powers  and  untiring  energy,  John  F.  Dillon  has  by  force  of  character, 
during  a  life  of  continuous  work,  reached  the  summit  of  the  American 
Bar. 

JOHN  N.  DIXON  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania,  February 
20,  1821.  His  education  was  acquired  at  Friends  Academy,  Mount  Plea- 
sant, Ohio,  and  c«ntinued  by  a  classical  course  in  a  college  at  Athens. 
After  graduation  he  returned  to  the  farm  and  gave  special  attention  to 
horticulture.  In  1855  he  removed  to  Mahaska  County,  Iowa,  where  he 
planted  what  was  then  the  largest  orchard  in  the  State.  He  became  a 
prominent  member  of  the  State  Horticultural  Society,  making  valuable 
practical  contributions  to  its  literature,  founded  upon  his  experimental 
work.  In  1869  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the  State  Senate, 
serving  in  the  Thirteenth  General  Assembly.     He  was  for  several  years  a 


^^?^^^ 


OF   TOWA  75 


trustee  of  the  Iowa  Agricultural  College.  He  discovered  a  remedy  for  the 
ravages  of  the  "  curculio  "  for  which  he  was  awarded  a  prize  by  the  State 
Horticultural  Society.     He  died  in  December,  1883. 

JACOB  W.  DIXON  was  born  in  New  Castle  County,  Delaware,  on  the 
25th  of  December,  1832.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  common 
schools  and  Unionville  Academy,  Pennsylvania,  with  a  two  years'  course 
at  the  Law  School  at  Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  where  he  graduated  in 
1855.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1856,  locating  at  Ottumwa,  where  he  began 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1861  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican 
ticket  to  the  State  Senate  from  Wapello  County,  serving  in  the  regular 
and  extra  sessions  of  1862  and  the  regular  session  of  1864.  In  1866  Mr. 
Dixon  was  chosen  Secretary  of  the  Senate  of  the  Eleventh  General 
Assembly.  In  1873  a  powerful  movement  of  the  people  in  favor  of  the 
legislative  control  of  railroads  had  resulted  in  the  organization  of  an 
Antimonopoly  party  to  ;secure  the  desired  legislation.  J.  W.  Dixon  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  the  Fifteenth  General  Assembly  on  this  ticket. 
The  Republicans  had  elected  fifty  members  of  the  House  and  the  entire 
opposition  numbered  fifty,  and  at  a  conference  held  Mr.  Dixon  was  selected 
as  the  candidate  for  Speaker  upon  whom  all  could  unite.  John  H.  Gear 
was  the  Republican  candidate.  For  twelve  days  the  contest  was  waged 
with  great  earnestness,  each  candidate  receiving  fifty  votes  on  every  ballot. 
Finally  when  every  effort  to  organize  the  House  had  failed,  Mr.  Dixon 
consented  to  a  compromise  which  ended  the  deadlock  by  the  election  of 
Mr.  Gear.  Mr.  Dixon's  last  public  service  was  as  a  member  of  the 
Sixteenth  General  Assembly.    He  died  on  the  1st  of  January,  1889. 

AUGUSTUS  C.  DODGE,  son  of  General  Henry  Dodge,  was  born  at 
St.  Genevieve,  then  in  the  Territory  of  Louisiana,  January  2,  1812.  In 
1827  the  family  removed  to  Galena,  Illinois,  where  General  Dodge  was 
placed  in  command  of  a  military  force  and  caused  block-houses  to  be 
erected  to  protect  the  settlers  against  the  hostile  Winnebago  Indians.  Au- 
gustus grew  up  amid  the  stirring  events  of  frontier  life  and  while  a  youth 
joined  a  military  expedition  against  the  Indians.  He  there  made  the  ac- 
quaintance of  a  young  man,  George  W.  Jones  and  the  two  became  warm 
friends.  As  they  camped  and  campaigned  together  over  the  wild  prairies 
there  was  nothing  to  indicate  that  in  the  near  future  they  were  destined 
to  work  together  in  founding  a  new  State  of  which  they  were  to  become 
the  first  United  States  Senators.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Black  Hawk 
War,  Augustus  C.  Dodge  was  chosen  lieutenant  of  a  military  company 
and  served  as  an  aid  to  his  father.  In  1838  Mr.  Dodge  was  appointed 
Register  of  the  United  States  Land  Office  at  Burlington  in  the  new  Terri- 
tory of  Iowa,  making  that  place  his  permanent  home.  In  1839  he  was 
commissioned   Brigadier-General   of  militia  by  Governor  Lucas.      In    1840 


76  HISTORY 


he  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  for  Delegate  in  Congress  and  was 
elected  over  Alfred  Rich,  the  Whig  candidate.  He  was  twice  reelected, 
serving  until  Iowa  became  a  State  in  1846.  In  December,  1848,  Augustus 
C.  Dodge  and  his  friend,  George  W.  Jones,  were  elected  to  represent  Iowa 
in  the  United  States  Senate.  Seven  years  before,  Mr.  Dodge  and  his  father 
sat  together  in  the  House  as  Delegates  from  Iowa  and  Wisconsin;  now 
they  met  as  Senators  from  the  same  States;  the  only  instance  of  the  kind 
in  the  history  of  the  country.  During  the  long  conflict  over  slavery,  Gen- 
eral A.  C.  Dodge  supported  the  "  Compromise  of  1850,"  and  followed  the 
lead  of  Stephen  A.  Douglas  in  voting  for  the  famous  doctrine  of  "  Squatter 
Sovereignty."  He  remained  in  the  Senate  until  1855  when  the  Democratic 
party  lost  control  of  the  State  and  by  a  union  of  all  of  the  "  Free  Soil " 
elements  in  the  Fifth  General  Assembly  he  was  succeeded  by  James  Harlan. 
Thereupon  President  Pierce  appointed  General  Dodge  Minister  to  Spain 
where  he  served  until  1859,  when  he  resigned  and  returned  home.  The 
Democratic  State  Convention  in  June  nominated  him  for  Governor,  and 
he  made  a  vigorous  canvass  of  the  State  but  was  defeated  by  Samuel  J. 
Kirkwood.  In  1860  the  Democratic  members  of  the  Eighth  General  As- 
sembly gave  him  their  votes  for  United  States  Senator.  During  his  long 
public  career  General  Dodge  gave  his  State  faithful  and  valuable  service 
in  every  position  intrusted  to  him.  He  won  the  respect  and  esteem  of  its 
citizens  of  both  political  parties.     He  died  on  the  20th  of  November,  1883. 

GRENVILLE  M.  DODGE  was  born  in  Putnamville,  Danvers  County, 
Massachusetts,  on  the  12th  of  April,  1831.  He  received  a  liberal  educa- 
tion, having  graduated  as  a  civil  engineer  from  Norwich  University  in 
1850.  He  then  entered  a  military  school  from  which  he  graduated  the  fol- 
lowing year.  Mr.  Dodge  went  to  Illinois,  locating  at  Peru,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  land  surveying.  In  1851  he  secured  a  position  with  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad  Company  and  was  employed  in  surveying  the  line  from 
Dixon  to  Bloomington.  Soon  after  he  was  employed  in  surveying  the  line 
of  the  Mississippi  &  Missouri  Railroad  from  Davenport  to  Council  Bluffs. 
In  1854  he  removed  to  Council  Bluffs  and  engaged  in  overland  freighting 
across  the  plains  to  Colorado.  He  also  became  a  member  of  the  banking 
firm  of  Baldwin  &  Dodge.  During  the  years  from  1854  to  1860  he  was 
engaged  in  surveying  a  line  for  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  At  the  be- 
ginning of  the  Rebellion  he  was  appointed  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Kirk- 
wood and,  going  to  Washington,  secured  for  Iowa  6,000  muskets  to  arm 
the  regiments  being  organized.  W'heu  the  Fourth  Iowa  Infantry  was  or- 
ganized Dodge  Tv^as  appointed  colonel.  His  regiment  was  sent  to  Missouri 
and  was  actively  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Sugar  Creek  and  Pea  Ridge. 
He  was  severely  wounded  in  the  latter  where  he  held  the  extreme  right 
and  lost  one-third  of  his  command.  He  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General 
and  assigned  by  General  Grant  to  the  command  of  the  Second  Division  of 
the  Army  of  the  Tennessee.     In  the  campaigns  which  followed  General 


OF  IOWA  77 


Grant  recognized  General  Dodge  as  one  of  his  ablest  officers.     He  said  of 
the   Iowa   commander :      "  Besides   being   a   most   capable   soldier   General 
Dodge  was  an  experienced  railroad  builder.     At  one  time  he  constructed 
more  than  one  hundred  miles   of  railroad  and  built  one  hundred  eighty- 
two  bridges,  many  of  them  over  wide  chasms."     He  was  with  Sherman's 
army  in  the  march  to  the  sea  and  was  promoted  to  Major-General  for  gal- 
lant services.     In  November,  1864,  General  Dodge  was  placed  in  command 
of  the  Department  of  Missouri  by  order  of  General  Grant.     In  January, 
1865,  the  Departments  of  Kansas,  Nebraska  and  Utah  were  added  to  his 
command,  where  he  served  to  the  end  of  the  war.    A  history  of  his  military 
services  would  fill  a  volume,  and  frequent  mention  of  them  will  be  found 
in  the  volume  on  the  Civil  War.    In  July,  1866,  he  was  nominated  for  Rep- 
resentative in  Congress  for  the  Fifth  District  and  elected.     While  a  mem- 
ber of  that  body  he  was  the  recognized  authority  on  all  subjects  relating 
to  the  army,  and  was  prominent  in  promoting  the  act  for  putting  the  army 
on  a  peace  footing.     He  was  an  active  supporter  of  the  legislation  promot- 
ing internal  improvements  in  the  West,  and  was  regarded  as  the  sagacious 
leader  who  had  accomplished  difficult  tasks  in  railway  construction  in  that 
then  wild  country.     He  declined  a  reelection,  preferring  to  give  his  entire 
time  and  energies  to  the  construction  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  includ- 
ing the  building  of  the  great  bridge  across   the   Missouri   River  between 
Council  BlufTs  and  Omaha.    As  an  able  military  commander  General  Dodge 
had  received  the  warmest  indorsements  of  the  three  great  chiefs  of  the 
War   Department — Secretary    Stanton,   Generals   Grant   and    Sherman;    so 
also  after  his  services  in  the  construction  of  the  Union  Pacific  Raihvay  he 
received   testimonials    of   his   remarkable   efficiency    and   ability   from   the 
highest  officials  of  the  company.     During  his  busy  life  since  the  war  and 
the  construction  of  the  first  great  line   of  railway  across   the   continent. 
General  Dodge  has  served  as  president,  chief  engineer  or  director  in  the 
construction   companies   of   the  following  railway   enterprises:      American 
Railway  Improvement  Company  of  Colorado,  1880;  International  Railway 
Improvement   Company   of   Colorado,    1880;    Missouri,   Kansas   and   Texas 
Railway  Company,  1880;   Texas  and  Colorado  Railway  Construction  Com- 
pany,  1881;  Oriental  Construction  Company,   1882;   Fort  Worth  and  Den- 
ver Railway  Company,  1889;  St.  Louis,  Des  Moines  and  Northern  Railway 
Company,     1884;     Des    Moines    Union    Railway    Company,     1884;     Colo- 
rado     and      Texas      Construction      Company,      1887;      Iron      Steamboat 
Company,    1888;     Denver,    Texas    and    Fort    Worth     Railway     Company, 
1889;  Des  Moines  and  Northern  Railway  Company,  1890;   Western  Indus- 
trial   Company,    1891;    Wichita    Valley   Railway    Company,    1891;    Union 
Pacific,  Denver  and  Gulf  Railway  Company,    1891.     Although  for  many 
years   residing  in    New    York    to    superintend    his    multitude    of    great 
business    enterprises.    General    Dodge    has    retained    his    loyalty    to    his 
Iowa  home  and  never  ceased  to  keep  intimate  relations  with  his  Iowa 


78  HISTORY 


friends  of  pioneer  years.  He  has  been  president  of  the  Society  of  the 
Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and  vice-president  of  the  Grant  Monument  Associ- 
ation of  New  York.  He  recently  had  the  remains  of  General  Kinsman 
exhumed  from  the  battle-field  of  Black  River  Bridge  and  buried  at  his 
old  home  at  Council  Bluffs  where  he  caused  to  be  erected  a  fine  monu- 
ment to  the  memory  of  his  gallant  comrade  of  war  times. 

WILLIAM  W.  DODGE,  son  of  Senator  Augustus  C.  Dodge,  was  born 
in  Burlington,  Iowa,  April  25,  1854.  He  pursued  his  education  in  Notre 
Dame  University,  taking  a  scientific  course  and  graduating  in  1874,  then 
entering  the  State  LTniversity  he  graduated  from  the  Law  Department  in 
1876,  and  began  practice  in  his  native  city.  Mr.  Dodge  is  an  earnest  Demo- 
crat, inheriting  a  taste  for  politics.  He  has  been  a  delegate  to  many  State 
Conventions  and  was  a  delegate  at  large  to  the  National  Democratic  Con- 
vention at  St.  Louis  at  which  Grover  Cleveland  was  nominated  a  second 
time.  Mr.  Dodge  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1885,  serving  by  re- 
election in  the  Twenty-first,  Twenty-second,  Twenty-third  and  Twenty- 
fourth  General  Assemblies.  Among  the  important  acts  of  the  Legis- 
latures of  which  he  was  the  author  during  his  term  of  service  may  be  men- 
tioned— one  to  prohibit  the  employment  of  children  under  fifteen  in  fac- 
tories, workshops  and  mines;  one  making  the  first  Monday  in  September 
a  holiday  known  as  Labor  Day;  and  one  to  protect  working  people  in  the 
use  of  their  labels  and  trade  marks.  Senator  Dodge  was  one  of  the  two. 
members  selected  by  the  Senate  to  investigate  charges  made  against  the 
State  University.  In  1890  he  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Colonel  on  the 
staff  of  Governor  Boies. 

JONATHAN  P.  DOI-LIVER  was  born  near  Kingwood,  in  Preston 
County,  West  Virginia,  on  the  6th  of  February,  1858.  He  received  a  liberal 
education,  graduating  from  the  West  Virginia  University  in  1875.  He 
began  the  study  of  law  and  in  1878  came  to  Iowa,  settling  at  Fort  Dodge, 
where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  at  once  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  Mr.  Dolliver  developed  a  remarkable  talent  for  public 
speaking  and  his  services  were  in  great  demand  in  the  State  political  cam- 
paigns. In  August,  1884,  Mr.  Dolliver  was  chosen  to  preside  over  the  Re- 
publican State  Convention  at  Des  Moines  and  his  opening  address,  one  of 
unusual  eloquence,  was  his  first  introduction  to  the  Republicans  of  the 
State.  In  1886  he  was  one  cf  the  most  prominent  candidates  for  nomin- 
ation for  Congress  in  the  Republican  Convention  of  the  Tenth  District. 
In  two  years  from  that  time  he  was  nominated  and  elected  by  a  plurality 
of  5.368.  He  has  been  continuously  reelected  since,  serving  up  to  the  close 
of  1900,  when  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Shaw  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the 
United  States  Senate.  Mr.  Dolliver  has  taken  an  active  part  as  a  public 
speaker  in  several  National  campaigns  and  won  a  wade  fame  as  an  orator 


JONATHAN  P.   DOLLIVER 


THE 
NEW  YORK      W 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY  1 

Astof,  Lenox  and  lilden  jj 
^-       Foundations. 


OF  IOWA  79 


and  lecturer  of  unusual  power  and  eloquence.  In  his  efforts  to  secure  jus- 
tice to  the  settlers  on  the  Des  Moines  Kiver  lands,  Mr.  DoUiver  prevailed 
upon  President  Harrison  to  direct  the  United  States  Attorney-General  to 
begin  an  action  in  the  name  of  the  Government  to  forfeit  the  original  grant. 
The  case  was  tried  in  the  United  States  District  Court  for  Northern  Iowa, 
where  Judge  Shiras  decided  against  the  Government,  which  decision  was 
affirmed  by  the  Supreme  Court.  No  other  remedy  now  being  left,  the 
settlers  at  last  united  in  asking  for  indemnity.  Mr.  Dolliver  thereupon 
secured  the  insertion  of  a  section  in  the  Sundry  Civil  Bill  of  1893,  making 
an  appropriation  for  such  indemnity  and  subsequent  additional  appropri- 
ations. Thus  a  tardy  settlement  of  the  long  controversy  was  finally  made. 
In  1902  Mr.  Dolliver  was  elected  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  in  the  United 
States  Senate  occasioned  by  the  death  of  Senator  John  H.  Gear. 

WILLIAJM  G.  DONNAN  was  born  at  West  Charleston,  New  York, 
on  the  30th  of  June,  1834.  He  lived  on  a  farm  in  boyhood  and  was  edu- 
cated at  Cambridge  Academy.  He  entered  Union  College  later  and  gradu- 
ated in  1856.  In  September  of  the  same  year  he  came  to  Iowa  and  located 
at  Independence  where  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1857.  In  September  he  was  elected  recorder  and  treasurer  of  the  county 
and  served  until  1862,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Union  army  and  was  elected 
lieutenant.  He  won  rapid  promotion  in  the  service  until  he  reached  the 
rank  of  major  before  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1867  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  on  the  Republican  ticket,  serving  four  years.  He  was  largely 
instrumental  in  securing  the  establishment  of  the  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at 
Independence.  In  1870  he  received  the  Republican  nomination  for  Repre- 
sentative in  Congress  for  the  Third  District  and  was  elected  by  a  majority 
of  4,964.  He  was  reelected  in  1872,  serving  two  terms,  declining  a  third. 
In  1884  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  and 
voted  for  the  nomination  of  President  Arthur. 

WILLIAM  G.  DOWS  was  born  in  Clayton  County,  Iowa,  August  12, 
1864.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Cedar  Rapids  and  Shat- 
tuck  Military  Academy  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1883.  Upon  the 
organization  of  Company  C,  of  the  Iowa  National  Guard,  he  became  a  mem- 
ber and  served  in  various  positions  finally  attaining  the  rank  of  colonel 
of  the  regiment.  When  the  Spanish-American  War  began,  he  became  colo- 
nel of  the  Forty-ninth  Iowa  Infantry  and  served  with  his  regiment  for 
one  year  in  Cuba.  In  1897  Colonel  Dows  was  elected  on  the  Republican 
ticket  to  a  seat  in  the  House  of  Representatives  in  the  Twenty-eighth  Gen- 
eral Assembly  from  Linn  County.  He  was  reelected  in  1899  serving  in  the 
following  Legislature  as  chairman  of  the  House  committee  on  appropria- 
tions. 


80  HISTORY 


FRANCIS  M.  DRAKE,  fifteenth  Governor  of  Iowa,  was  born  at  Rush- 
ville,  Illinois,  on  the  30th  of  December,  1830,  and  removed  to  Iowa  in  1837, 
locating  at  Fort  Madison.  Here  he  secured  an  education  in  the  schools  of 
that  city  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  became  a  clerk  in  his  father's  store. 
Soon  after  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California,  he  fitted  out  two  ox  teams 
to  make  the  overland  journey  to  the  gold  fields.  At  the  Missouri  River  a 
caravan  of  several  teams  and  twelve  additional  men  was  organized  for 
mutual  protection  from  hostile  Indians.  At  a  crossing  of  the  Platte  River 
the  party  was  attacked  by  a  band  of  Pawnees  and  a  lively  fight  ensued, 
in  which  the  emigrants  were  under  the  command  of  Mr.  Drake.  The  Indians 
were  finally  defeated  and  the  party,  after  several  months  on  the  plains, 
reached  California  in  safety.  He  remained  in  California  until  the  fall  of 
1852,  when  he  returned  to  the  States  by  water,  crossing  at  Panama,  where 
he  was  seized  with  a  fever.  In  1854  he  again  made  the  trip  overland  to 
Sacramento  and,  while  returning  by  water,  was  shipwrecked.  In  1861  he 
volunteered  to  help  defend  the  Missouri  border  from  invasion.  Upon  the 
organization  of  the  Thirty-sixth  Regiment  of  Iowa  Infantry  he  was  ap- 
pointed lieutenant-colonel  and  served  three  years  in  the  Union  army.  He 
commanded  at  the  Battle  of  Mark's  Mills  where  he  was  severely  wounded 
and  taken  prisoner.  After  his  return  to  service  he  was  brevetted  a  Briga- 
dier-General of  Volunteers.  After  the  close  of  the  war  General  Drake  be- 
came extensively  engaged  in  railroad  building,  acquiring  large  wealth.  He 
became  one  of  the  founders  of  a  college  at  Des  Moines,  to  which  he  made 
large  donations  at  various  times,  and  which  was  named  Drake  University. 
The  school  is  under  the  direction  of  the  Christians,  of  which  denomination 
General  Drake  is  a  prominent  member.  In  1895,  General  Drake  was  elected 
Governor  of  Iowa,  on  the  Republican  ticket,  serving  one  term. 

THOMAS  DRUMMOND  was  born  in  the  State  of  Virginia  in  1833  and 
came  to  Iowa  in  1855,  making  his  home  in  Vinton,  Benton  County.  He 
became  the  editor  of  the  Vinton  Eagle,  a  Republican  journal,  and  in  1856 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  which  nominated 
John  C.  Fremont  for  President.  In  1857,  when  but  twenty-five  years  of 
age,  he  was  elected  to  represent  Benton  County  in  the  House  of  the  Seventh 
General  Assembly.  In  1860  he  was  promoted  to  a  seat  in  the  Senate  and 
secured  the  location  of  the  Asylum  for  the  Blind  at  Vinton  and  an  appro- 
priation for  the  erection  of  a  building  for  its  home.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  Rebellion  he  raised  a  company  of  volunteers  and  was  commissioned 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Fourth  Iowa  Cavalry.  After  several  months  serv- 
ice he  received  a  commission  in  the  regular  army  and  was  attached  to  the 
Fifth  United  States  Cavalry.  He  was  a  gallant  officer  during  the  war  and 
was  mortally  wounded  while  bravely  leading  his  men  in  a  charge  in  Gen- 
eral Sheridan's  army,  in  the  last  battle  on  Virginia  soil,  which  resulted  in 
the  surrender  of  General  Lee's  army  in  April,  1865. 


WARREN   S.   DUNGAX 


OF  IOWA  81 


JOHN  F.  BUNCOMBE,  one  of  the  pioneer  lawyers  and  editors  of 
northwestern  Iowa,  was  born  in  Erie  County,  Pennsylvania,  October  22, 
1831.  After  living  on  his  father's  farm  until  the  age  of  sixteen,  he 
entered  Meadville  preparatory  school  and  finally  graduated  at  Allegheny 
College.  After  admission  to  the  bar  in  April,  1855,  he  went  to  Fort  Dodge, 
Iowa,  and  opened  a  law  office.  In  1856  he,  in  company  with  A.  S.  White 
established  the  first  newspaper  in  northwestern  Iowa — the  Fort  Dodge 
Sentinel.  There  was  little  law  business  on  the  frontier  and  Mr.  Duncombe 
found  time  to  write  vigorous  editorials  for  the  Democratic  party,  of  which 
he  soon  became  one  of  the  prominent  leaders.  When  the  Spirit  Lake 
massacre  in  the  spring  of  1857  horrified  the  country,  Mr.  Duncombe  was 
chosen  captain  of  one  of  the  companies  which  made  up  the  relief  expedi- 
tion which  marched  under  Major  Williams  to  the  protection  of  the  settlers. 
In  1859  Mr.  Duncombe  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  of  the  Eighth  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  representing  twenty  counties  of  northwestern  Iowa.  He 
was  an  able  and  aggressive  public  speaker  and  for  four  years  was  the 
leader  of  his  party  in  the  Senate.  Returning  to  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession, as  the  years  passed  by  he  became  a  great  la^^er.  He  was  one  of 
the  first  to  develop  the  coal  mining  interests  of  Fort  Dodge  and  was  always 
prominent  in  public  enterprises  to  build  up  that  city.  He  was  the  leading 
spirit  in  the  construction  of  several  railroads  and  long  the  attorney  of  the 
companies.  He  was  twice  elected  to  the  Legislature  from  Republican  dis- 
tricts, was  for  eighteen  years  a  regent  of  the  State  University  and  one  of 
the  commissioners  of  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  and  one  of  the 
Commissioners  who  superintended  the  erection  of  the  monument  to  the 
memory  of  the  victims  of  the  Spirit  Lake  Massacre.  In  1872  lie  was 
chairman  of  the  Iowa  delegation  in  the  National  Democratic  Convention 
and  again  held  the  same  position  in  1892.  He  was  once  a  candidate  for 
Lieutenant-Governor,  twice  a  candidate  for  Congress  and  once  a  candidate 
for  Supreme  Judge.  But  being  a  life-long  Democrat,  living  in  a  Repub- 
lican district  and  State,  his  election  was  hopeless.  Had  he  been  a  Repub- 
lican he  might  have  attained  the  highest  official  positions  in  the  State. 
Mr.  Duncombe  died  at  Fort  Dodge,  August  2,  1902. 

WARREN  S.  DUNGAN  was  born  at  Frankfort  Springs,  Beaver 
County,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  12th  of  September,  1822.  He  was  reared  on 
a  farm,  attending  school  in  the  winter  months  and  assisting  in  the 
work  of  the  farm  during  the  summers.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he 
entered  Frankfort  Academy.  He  taught  school  winters,  after  leaving  the 
academy,  until  he  was  twenty-eight,  earning  money  to  enable  him  to  study 
law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1856  and  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at 
Chariton,  where  he  opened  a  law  office.  In  1861  he  was  elected  on  the 
Republican  ticket  to  the  State  Senate  for  four  years.  When  the  war  began 
he  was  active  in  raising  troops  for  the  Union  armies  and  in  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Thirty-fourth  Infantry,  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel,  shar- 

[Vol.    4] 


82  HISTORY 


ing  all  of  the  perils  and  glories  of  that  regiment  throughout  its  term  of 
service.  During  the  last  year  he  was  on  the  staff  of  Major-General  C.  C. 
Andrews,  as  Inspector-General.  At  the  close  of  the  war  Colonel  Dungan  re- 
turned to  Chariton  and  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  In  1872  he  was  a  dele- 
gate to  the  National  Republican  Convention  which  nominated  General  Grant 
for  a  second  term  and  was  one  of  the  presidential  electors  chosen  in  Novem- 
ber. In  1880  he  was  a  member  of  the  Eighteenth  General  Assembly  and  was 
reelected  to  the  House  of  the  Nineteenth  General  Assembly.  In  1887  he  was 
again  elected  to  the  Senate  and  served  a  full  term  of  four  years.  In  189:j 
Colonel  Dungan  was  nominated  by  the  Republican  State  Convention  for 
Lieutenant-Governor  and  elected  by  a  plurality  over  Bestow,  Democrat,  of 
36,904.  His  long  legislative  experience  made  him  an  accomplished  Presi- 
dent of  the  Senate. 

CLARK  DUNHAM,  one  of  the  notable  pioneer  journalists  of  Iowa, 
was  born  at  New  Haven,  Vermont,  January  21,  1816.  His  father  removed 
to  Ohio  when  he  was  a  child  and  Clark,  after  attending  the  public  schools, 
entered  Granville  College  where  he  graduated.  He  acquired  a  knowledge 
of  the  printing  business  and  with  the  aid  of  his  father  purchased  the 
Neioark  Gazette  and  for  fourteen  years  was  its  editor  and  proprietor.  In 
1854  he  removed  to  Burlington,  Iowa,  where,  with  the  assistance  of  his 
brother-in-law,  he  purchased  the  Eawkeye,  then  a  tri- weekly  journal. 
When  the  Republican  party  was  organized  the  Eawkeye  became  one  of  the 
ablest  exponents  of  its  principles  and  Mr.  Dunham  developed  into  one  of 
the  most  successful  editors  in  the  State.  He  knew  how  to  make  a  news- 
paper before  the  era  of  telegraphs  and  daily  papers.  While  he  was  not  a 
voluminous  writer,  he  knew  just  what  the  public  wanted  in  a  paper  and 
gave  it.  The  Hawkeye  under  his  management  was  the  best  known  and 
most  influential  paper  in  Iowa  and  became  widely  known  throughout  the 
West.  Mr.  Dunham  was  a  trusted  friend  of  James  W.  Grimes,  Samuel  J. 
Kirkwood,  James  F.  Wilson  and  Samuel  F.  Miller.  During  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion  Mr.  Dunham  was  one  of  the  first  to  realize  that  it  could  only 
end  with  the  destruction  of  slavery  and  the  Haiokeye  was  striking  sturdy 
blows  against  that  remnant  of  barbarism  while  others  were  vainly  at- 
tempting compromise.  In  1867  Mr.  Dunham  was  appointed  postmaster 
of  Burlington,  which  position  he  held  until  his  death  which  occurred  on  the 
.12th  of  April,  1871. 

WILLIAM  McE.  DYE  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Pennsylvania, 
January  26,  1831.  He  entered  the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point  in 
July,  1849,  graduating  in  1853.  He  served  as  second  lieutenant  for  several 
years  in  California  and  Texas  and  in  May,  1861,  was  promoted  to  captain 
in  the  Eighth  Infantry.  He  was  living  at  Marion,  Iowa,  in  1862  and  Gov- 
ernor Kirkwood,  anxious  to  find  experienced  military  men  qualified  to  take 


OF  IOWA  83 


command  of  the  numerous  Iowa  regiments  being  organized,  tendered  the 
command  of  the  Twentieth  Volunteer  Infantry  to  Captain  Dye.  He  ac- 
cepted the  position  and  was  commissioned  colonel.  The  regiment  par- 
ticipated in  the  Vicksburg  campaign  and  was  for  a  long  time  in  the  Gulf 
Department.  Colonel  Dye  proved  to  be  an  able  officer  and  became  a  colonel 
in  the  regular  army.  In  March,  1865,  he  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-Gen- 
eral of  volunteers.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he  returned  to  the  regular 
army  where  he  served  until  September,  1870,  when  he  resigned  and  returned 
to  Marion  and  engaged  in  farming.  He  went  to  Egypt  after  several  years, 
where  he  became  a  high  officer  in  the  army  of  the  Khedive  and  was  severely 
wounded  in  one  of  the  battles.  He  returned  to  America  in  1879  and  was 
made  Superintendent  of  the  Metropolitan  Police  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia. In  1888  Colonel  Dye  went  to  Corea  where  he  became  military  adviser 
and  Instructor-General  of  the  king  of  that  country.  He  introduced  many 
reforms  in  the  army  equipment  and  arms.  He  wrote  a  valuable  book  on 
Egypt  and  Abyssinia  and  their  military  systems  and,  returning  to  Amer- 
ica in  1899,  died  at  Muskegon,  Michigan,  in  the  same  year. 

JOSEPH  DYSART  was  born  in  Huntington,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  8th 
of  July,  1820.  He  made  a  trip  to  Iowa  as  early  as  November,  1839,  and 
was  greatly  pleased  with  the  beauty  and  fertility  of  its  vast  unsettled 
prairies  but  preferred  to  remain  in  the  East  until  the  then  new  Terri- 
tory became  better  settled.  In  April,  1856,  he  returned  with  his  family 
and  became  a  resident  of  Vinton  and  for  two  years  was  editor  of  the  Vinton 
Eagle.  For  many  years  he  gave  his  chief  attention  to  farming.  In  1861 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  as  a  Republican  to  represent  the  Benton 
and  Tama  District.  In  1869  he  was  again  chosen  from  the  same  district 
to  a  full  term  of  four  years  in  the  Senate.  In  1873  he  received  the  nom- 
ination for  Lieutenant-Governor  on  the  Republican  ticket  and  was  elected, 
serving  one  term.  In  1884  he  was  elected  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  State 
Agricultural  College,  having  long  been  a  helpful  friend  of  that  institu- 
tion. The  town  of  Dysart,  in  Tama  County,  was  named  for  him  and  was 
for  many  years  his  home,  where  he  died  on  the  8th  of  September,  1893. 

DAVID  C.  EARLY  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  in  Sac  County,  having 
ventured  across  the  wild  prairies  to  that  region  as  early  as  May,  1856. 
He  and  his  companion  found  a  beautiful  grove  and  staked  oflF  a  claim, 
while  Mr.  Early  went  on  foot  to  Sioux  City  to  enter  the  land.  His  part- 
ner in  the  meantime  was  cutting  logs  for  a  cabin.  It  took  Early  six  days 
to  make  the  trip;  as  there  were  no  bridges  he  had  to  wade  the  creeks  and 
sloughs.  There  were  but  four  or  five  cabins  in  the  county,  and  they  had 
the  pick  of  as  fine  a  country  as  the  sun  ever  shone  upon.  Mr.  Early  taught 
the  first  school  in  the  county,  and  soon  after  was  appointed  deputy  treas- 
urer, transacting  the  business  of  the  office.      He  has  remained  in  the  county 


84  HISTORY 


nearly  fifty  years,  taking  an  active  part  in  its  development,  the  securing 
of  railroads,  and  building  up  the  flourishing  town  of  Sac  City.  He  was  a 
native  of  Ohio,  having  been  born  in  Brown  County,  April  21,  1830.  He 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  before  he  left  that  State. 

ENOCH  W.  EASTMAN  was  born  at  Deerfield,  New  Hampshire,  April 
15,  1810.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  with  a  few  terms  at  an 
academy,  and  worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  the  age  of  twenty-one 
when  he  began  the  study  of  law,  practicing  in  his  native  State  until  the 
summer  of  1844  when  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Burlington.  Al- 
though a  Democrat,  he  distinguished  himself  the  first  year  of  his  residence 
in  Iowa  by  taking  the  stump  against  the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  re- 
cently framed  by  his  party  and  helped  to  defeat  it  at  the  election.  Under 
this  Constitution  the  boundaries  of  the  State  would  have  extended  north 
taking  in  a  large  portion  of  southeastern  Minnesota  and  would  have  ex- 
cluded all  of  the  Missouri  slope  west  of  a  line  running  north  and  south 
from  near  the  west  side  of  Kossuth  and  Einggold  counties.  Enoch  W. 
Eastman,  Theodore  S.  Parvin  and  Frederick  D.  Mills,  all  Democrats  and 
young  men,  warmly  opposed  the  adoption  of  such  boundaries  and  influenced 
enough  of  their  Democratic  associates  to  unite  with  the  Whigs  to  defeat 
the  Constitution.  This  was  one  of  the  most  important  public  services  ever 
rendered  the  State.  When  Iowa  was  called  upon  to  contribute  a  stone  for 
the  Washington  monument  in  1850,  Enoch  W.  Eastman  was  the  author  of 
the  inscription  placed  upon  it :  "  Iowa — Her  affections  like  the  rivers  of 
her  borders,  flow  to  an  inseparable  Union."  Mr.  Eastman  removed  to 
Oskaloosa  in  1847  and  to  Eldora  in  1857.  When  the  Rebellion  began  he 
left  the  Democratic  pai'ty  and  united  with  the  Republicans.  In  1863  he 
was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  and  in  1883  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate.     He  died  on  the  9th  of  January,  1885. 

ARIEL  K.  EATON,  one  of  the  lawmakers  of  Iowa,  was  born  at  Sut- 
ton, New  Hampshire,  on  the  1st  of  December,  1813.  His  education  was 
acquired  in  the  public  schools  and  for  several  years  he  was  a  teacher.  In 
1841  he  located  at  Winchester,  Indiana,  where  he  was  elected  county  audi- 
tor. He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  for  several  years  practiced  law. 
In  1846  he  removed  to  Delaware  County,  Iowa,  where  he  built  the 
second  log  cabin  in  the  new  town  of  Delhi.  He  was  soon  elected  prosecuting 
attorney  and  afterwards  county  judge.  In  1850  he  was  elected  a  repre- 
sentative in  the  Third  General  Assembly  and  was  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  schools.  He  was  reelected  to  the  Fourth  General  Assembly 
which  enacted  the  Code  of  1851.  Upon  the  establishment  of  the  new 
United  States  Land  Office  at  Decorah  in  1855,  Mr.  Eaton  was  appointed 
by  President  Pierce  receiver  of  public  money.  In  1856  the  Land  Office  was 
removed  to  Osage  and  Mr.  Eaton  made  that  place  his  permanent  home. 


(XtiMy 


THE 
MCA/v  YORK. 
.    '  G  LIBRARY] 

•..tor,  Lenox  and  Tilden, 
foundatioas. 


E.    C.    EBERSOLE 


OF  IOWA  85 


After  his  retirement  from  office  and  the  practice  of  law,  General  Eaton 
for  many  years  contributed  valuable  historical  articles  to  the  press.  He 
died  July  14,  1896. 

WILLARD  L.  EATON  is  a  native  of  Iowa,  having  been  born  at  Delhi 
in  Delaware  County,  October  13,  1848.  He  is  a  graduate  of  the  Law  De- 
partment of  the  State  University,  and  began  the  practice  of  law  at  Osage 
in  Mitchell  County,  in  1874.  Mr.  Eaton  is  the  son  of  Hon.  A.  K.  Eaton 
who  was  one  of  the  prominent  pioneer  lawmakers  of  Iowa,  and  long  a 
leader  in  the  Democratic  party.  W.  L.  Eaton  has  been  three  terms  mayor 
of  Osage,  and  county  attorney.  In  politics  he  is  a  Republican  and  in  1897 
was  elected  to  represent  his  county  in  the  House  of  the  Twenty-seventh 
General  Assembly.  He  was  reelected  to  the  Twenty-eighth  General  As- 
sembly and  became  a  prominent  candidate  for  Speaker,  but  not  being 
chosen  was  made  chairman  of  the  committee  of  ways  and  means.  He  was 
again  elected,  serving  in  the  Twenty-ninth  General  Assembly  as  Speaker  of 
the  House. 

EZRA  C.  EBERSOLE  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  having  been  born 
at  Mount  Pleasant,  October  18,  1840.  He  was  educated  in  the  common 
schools,  Otterbein  University  and  Amherst  College,  graduating  from  the 
latter  in  1862.  He  was  employed  as  instructor  for  a  time  in  the  Tracy 
Institute  on  the  Hudson.  He  served  for  some  months  in  a  Pennsylvania 
cavalry  regiment  in  the  Civil  War;  and  in  July,  1863,  was  chosen  professor 
of  mathematics  and  astronomy  in  Western  College,  Linn  County,  Iowa.  For 
two  years  he  was  professor  of  ancient  languages  in  the  State  University. 
After  numerous  changes  he  settled  in  the  law  practice  at  Toledo.  In  1882  he 
was  elected  reporter  of  the  Supreme  Court.  During  the  time  he  held  that 
position  he  collected  the  material  and  prepared  for  publication  twenty- 
two  volumes  of  Iowa  Supreme  Court  Reports.  He  was  for  ten  years 
a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  Western  College  and  a  portion 
of  the  time  lecturer  on  constitutional  law.  He  has  prepared  and  pub- 
lished a  valuable  treatise  on  the  laws  of  Iowa. 

JOHN  EDWARDS  was  born  in  Jefferson  County,  Kentucky,  October 
24,  1815.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Louisville  and  when  quite 
young  removed  to  Indiana  for  the  purpose  of  leaving  a  slave  State.  In 
1848  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature,  serving  but  one  term.  In 
1852  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  by  the  Whigs.  He  had  inherited 
slaves  from  his  father's  estate  in  Kentucky  but  abhorring  the  system,  he 
liberated  them  and  gave  them  property  with  which  to  begin  life  in  Indi- 
ana. In  1853  Mr.  Edwards  removed  to  Iowa,  settling  in  Chariton,  Lucas 
County,  where  he  began  the  practice  of  law.  In  1856  he  was  chosen  a 
member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  new  Constitution  which  was 


86  HISTORY 


adopted  the  following  year.  He  became  a  Republican  upon  the  organiza- 
tion of  that  party  and  in  1858  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  the  Seventh 
General  Assembly,  Avas  reelected  and  in  1860  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  the  Eighth  General  Assembly.  When  the  Civil  War  began  he 
was  appointed  aide  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Kirkwood  and  served  in  pro- 
tecting the  Missouri  border  from  invasion.  In  1862  he  was  commissioned 
colonel  of  the  Eighteenth  Iowa  Infantry,  serving  through  the  war,  after 
which  he  was  brevetted  Brigadier-General.  After  the  war  he  settled  at 
Fort  Smith,  Arkansas,  and  was  appointed  by  President  Johnson  Assessor 
of  Internal  Revenue.  He  united  with  the  Democratic  party  and  in  1871 
was  elected  to  Congress,  serving  but  one  term. 

JOSEPH  EIBOECK  was  born  in  Zeleskut,  Hungary,  on  the  23d  of 
February,  1838.  He  was  educated  in  Vienna,  receiving  a  thorough  course 
in  Latin.  His  step-father  having  been  engaged  in  the  Hungarian  revolu- 
tion and  being  obliged  to  leave  the  country  brought  his  family  to  America 
in  1849,  making  his  home  at  Dubuque.  Here  Joseph  entered  the  office  of 
the  Miners'  Express  where  he  learned  the  printing  business  and  the  English 
language.  He  taught  school  three  years  and  in  1859  purchased  an  interest 
in  the  Clayton  County  Journal,  which  he  conducted  until  1872,  when  he 
disposed  of  the  paper  and  wrote  and  published  a  history  of  Clayton  County. 
In  1873  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Carpenter  Commissioner  to  the 
World's  Fair  at  Vienna.  In  1874  he  settled  in  Des  Moines  and  became  the 
editor  and  publisher  of  the  Iowa  Staats  An^ciger,  a  weekly  journal  in  the 
German  language.  It  has  a  State-wide  circulation  and  is  one  of  the  chief 
papers  of  that  nationality  in  the  country.  Colonel  Eiboeck  has  written 
and  delivered  able  lectures  on  various  subjects.  In  1878  he  was  the  Demo- 
cratic candidate  for  Auditor  of  State  but  was  not  elected.  He  has  wTitten 
a  history  of  the  Germans  of  Iowa,  a  work  of  nearly  eight  hundred  pages 
which  contains  biographical  sketches  of  the  notable  men  of  that  nationality 
in  Towa. 

JOHN  A.  ELLIOTT  was  born  on  the  24th  of  September,  1824,  in  Ar- 
magh, Indiana  County,  Pennsylvania.  He  received  a  liberal  education  and 
taught  school  for  some  time  in  Ohio.  In  1853  he  removed  to  Wisconsin 
where  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  business.  In  1857  he  came  to  Iowa, 
locating  in  Mitchell  Coimty  on  a  farm.  In  1858  he  was  elected  county 
treasurer,  holding  that  position  until  1804,  when  he  was  elected  Auditor 
of  State  on  the  Republican  ticket.  He  served  three  terms  and  was  then 
appointed  land  commissioner  of  the  Des  Moines  Valley  Railroad  Company 
and  employed  in  selling  the  lands  obtained  by  grant  from  the  General  Gov- 
ernment. He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Citizen's  National  Bank, 
also  of  the  State  Printing  Company  and  was  for  many  years  president  of 
the  State  Insurance  Company.    He  died  at  his  home  in  Des  Moines. 


JOSEPH  EIBOECK 


THE 
NEW  YORK      \\ 

'public  library' 

Astor,  Lenox  and  Tilden 
Foundat'oas. 


OF  IOWA  87 


WASHINGTON  L.  ELLIOTT  was  an  officer  in  the  regular  army  when 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion  began.  He  had  served  in  the  War  with  Mexico 
and  attained  the  rank  of  captain.  Later  he  distinguished  himself  in  the 
Indian  wars  of  the  West.  On  the  14th  of  September,  1801,  he  was  com- 
missioned colonel  of  the  Second  Iowa  Cavalry.  In  June,  1862,  Colonel 
Elliott  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General  and  soon  after  was  made  Chief 
of  Cavalry  in  the  army  under  General  Pope  in  his  Virginia  campaign. 
Later  he  was  transferred  to  the  army  of  the  Cumberland  and  became  Chief 
of  Cavalry  to  General  Thomas.  After  the  Battle  of  Nashville  he  was  pro- 
moted to  brevet  Major-General  for  distinguished  services.  After  the  close 
of  the  war  he  returned  to  the  regular  army  as  colonel  of  the  Third  Cavalry. 
In  1879  he  was  placed  on  the  retired  list  and  died  in  San  Francisco  on  the 
29th  of  June,  1888. 

LYMAN  A.  ELLIS,  one  of  the  prominent  lawyers  of  Clinton  County, 
was  a  native  of  Vermont  where  he  was  born  March  11,  1835,  on  a  farm 
near  Burlington.  In  the  public  schools  he  acquired  sufficient  education  to 
teach,  thus  earning  his  tuition  at  an  academy  and  a  course  of  law 
lectures.  In  1861  he  came  to  Iowa,  taking  up  his  residence  at  Lyons,  where 
he  began  to  practice  law.  In  1865  he  was  elected  District  Attorney  of  the 
Seventh  Judicial  District  where  he  served  until  1880.  In  1893  he  was 
elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  four  years. 
He  was  the  leader  of  the  opposition  in  that  body  to  granting  suflFrage  to 
women,  making  an  elaborate  speech  against  the  constitutional  amendment 
for  that  purpose.  At  the  e.vtra  session  of  the  General  Assembly  in  1897, 
Mr.  Ellis  was  a  member  of  the  joint  committee  for  the  annotation  and 
publication  of  the  new  code. 

4 

CHARLES  J.  A.  ERICSON  was  born  in  Sweden,  March  8,  1840.  In 
1852  his  father  emigrated  to  America  with  his  family,  settling  on  a  farm 
near  Moline,  Illinois.  In  the  spring  of  1859  Charles  removed  to  Mineral 
Ridge  in  Boone  County,  Iowa,  where  he  opened  a  country  store,  the  nearest 
railroad  town  at  that  time  being  Iowa  City.  He  was  appointed  postmaster 
holding  the  position  until  1870.  In  that  year  he  removed  to  Boone,  enter- 
ing the  City  Bank  as  cashier.  In  1871  he  was  elected  Representative  in 
the  House  of  the  Fourteenth  General  Assembly,  where  he  secured  the  pas- 
sage of  a  bill  making  settlers  on  the  Des  Moines  River  lands,  occupying 
claimants,  many  hundreds  of  them  living  in  his  county.  In  1895 
Mr.  Ericson  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  the  district  of  Boone 
and  Story  counties,  and  was  the  author  of  a  bill  which  became  a  law  taxing 
corporations  for  filing  articles  of  incorporation.  He  also  secured  the  re- 
duction of  interest  on  State  warrants  from  six  to  five  per  cent.  Mr.  Eric- 
son  has  been  a  successful  business  man,  accumulating  wealth  which  he  has 
used  liberally  in  building  up  his  home  city.  He  has  also  made  large  con- 
tributions to  •vyorthy  enterprises.     In  1899  he  gave  more  than  ipl2,000  to 


88  HISTORY 


provide  a  park  for  Augustana  College  at  Rock  Island,  Illinois.  In  1867-8 
he  built  five  school  houses  in  the  county;  and  in  1900  he  built  and  pre- 
sented to  the  city  of  Boone  a  building  for  a  public  library  at  a  cost  of 
$10,000,  which  has  been  named  the  "  Ericson  Memorial  Library." 

SAIIUEL  B.  EVANS  was  born  in  Jefferson  County,  Tennessee,  July 
31,  1837.  In  boyhood  he  attended  the  public  schools  of  that  section  and 
later  entered  the  State  University.  His  parents  removed  to  Davis  County, 
Iowa,  in  1841,  which  was  then  a  part  of  Van  Buren.  He  learned  the 
printer's  trade  and  when  a  young  man  founded  the  Sigourney 
Democrat,  in  Keokuk  County.  Some  years  later  he  established  the 
Ottumwa  Democrat  which  he  published  for  many  years.  He  was  also 
the  founder  of  the  OttumvM  Mercury  and  later  the  publisher  of  the 
Otturmca  Independent.  In  August,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  the  Union  army 
and  was  in  the  battles  of  Helena,  Little  Rock  and  Jenkin's  Feriy.  He  was 
promoted  to  first  lieutenant  for  gallantry  in  service.  He  has  long  been 
one  of  the  prominent  leaders  of  the  Democratic  party.  He  was  a  delegate 
to  the  National  Democratic  Convention  at  Baltimore  in  1872,  at  St.  Louis 
in  1876,  at  Cincinnati  in  1880  and  chairman  of  the  Iowa  delegation  at 
Chicago  in  1896.  As  an  editor  and  writer  he  has  few  equals  in  Iowa  jour- 
nalism, it  having  been  his  life  work.  He  was  postmaster  of  Ottumwa 
from  1885  to  1890.  He  was  an  enthusiastic  advocate  of  fish  culture  for 
many  years  and  when  the  act  passed  providing  for  the  promotion  of  this 
industry  in  Iowa,  Governor  Carpenter  in  recognition  of  his  valuable  serv- 
ices in  this  line  appointed  Mr.  Evans  Fish  Commissioner.  He  has  long 
been  a  contributor  to  the  publications  of  the  Department  of  American 
ArchiEology. 

SAMUEL  H.  FAIRALL  was  born  at  Little  Meadows,  Allegheny 
County,  Maryland,  on  the  21st  of  June,  1835.  He  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  at  an  academy  of  Fayette  County,  studied  law,  located 
at  Iowa  City  in  1855,  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  the  Supreme  Court 
in  1856.  He  has  been  an  active  politician  in  the  Democratic  party,  serving 
as  a  delegate  to  the  Philadelphia  and  New  York  National  Conventions  for 
the  nomination  of  candidates  for  President.  In  1861  he  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  Ninth  General  Assembly,  serving  one  term.  In  1867 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  eight  years  by  reelection,  being 
a  member  of  the  Twelfth,  Thirteenth,  Fourteenth  and  Fifteenth  General 
Assemblies.  In  1886  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  District  Court,  and  was 
reelected  in  1890.  From  1888  to  1873  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Legal  Inquiry  with  W.  H.  Seevers  and  J.  O.  Crosby.  While  a  member  of 
the  General  Assembly  Judge  Fairall  was  the  author  of  several  important 
acts.  He  is  the  author  of  a  Reference  Digest  of  Iowa  Reports,  and  a  work 
on  Township  Laws  of  Iowa. 


DR.    D.    S.    FAIRCHILD 


^^*v 


OF  IOWA  89 


DAVID  S.  FAIRCHILD  was  bom  in  Fairfield,  Vermont,  September 
16,  1847.  He  attended  the  academies  of  Franklin  and  Barre,  after  which 
he  studied  medicine  in  the  University  of  Michigan,  and  Albany,  New  York. 
Going  west  after  graduation,  he  was  appointed  physician  to  the  Iowa  Agri- 
cultural College  and  in  1879  was  elected  professor  of  physiology  and  com- 
parative anatomy  which  position  he  held  until  1893.  He  then  resigned  to 
accept  the  position  of  surgeon  for  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railway; 
later  he  was  made  district  surgeon,  and  in  1897  was  appointed  special  ex- 
amining surgeon  for  the  Milwaukee  Railway.  In  1882  he  was  elected  pro- 
fessor of  histology  and  pathology  in  the  Iowa  College  of  Physicians  and 
Surgeons  in  Des  Moines,  and  in  1885  was  transferred"  to  the  chair  of  path- 
ology and  diseases  of  the  nervous  system;  in  1886  he  was  given  the  chair 
of  theory  and  practice.  He  served  two  years  as  president  of  the  college. 
Dr.  Fairchild  has  always  taken  an  active  interest  in  medical  organizations, 
serving  as  an  officer  of  the  District  Medical  Society,  in  1895  as  president 
of  the  State  Medical  Society,  and  has  also  been  president  of  the  Western 
Surgical  and  Gynecological  Association.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Inter- 
national Medical  Congress  in  1876;  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the 
Iowa  Academy  of  Sciences,  and  was  chairman  of  the  committee  appointed 
by  the  State  Medical  Society  to  prepare  a  history  of  medicine  in  Iowa. 

SEWELL  S.  FARWELL  was  born  in  Ohio,  April  26,  1834,  came  to 
Iowa  in  1852  and  made  his  home  in  Jones  County.  When  the  Civil  War 
began  he  entered  the  military  service  and  was  commissioned  captain  of 
Company  H,  of  the  Thirty-first  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry  and  before  the 
close  of  the  war  was  promoted  to  major.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Chickasaw  Bayou,  Arkansas  Post,  siege  of  Vicksburg,  Lookout  IMountain, 
Missionary  Ridge,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Atlanta,  Jonesboro  and  Sherman's 
March  to  the  Sea.  In  1865  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to 
represent  Jones  County  in  the  State  Senate,  serving  four  years.  In  1869 
he  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the 
Second  District  of  Iowa  for  the  term  of  four  years.  In  February,  1875, 
he  was  appointed  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue,  serving  six  years,  in  the 
same  district.  In  1880  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  for  Repre- 
sentative in  Congi-ess  and  was  elected,  serving  one  term. 

ORAN  FAVILLE,  first  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Iowa,  was  born  in  Her- 
kimer County,  New  York,  October  13,  1817.  He  Avas  reared  on  a  farm, 
received  a  liberal  education,  having  graduated  at  the  Wesleyan  University 
of  Connecticut  in  1844.  For  many  years  he  was  instructor  in  ancient  lan- 
guages in  various  seminaries  in  New  York  and  Vermont.  While  Profes- 
sor of  languages  in  Lebanon  College,  Illinois,  his  health  failed  and  he 
removed  to  a  farm  in  Mitchell  County,  Iowa,  in  1855.  In  1857  he  was 
elected  Lieutenant-Governor  o^  the  Stite  on  thr  Republican   ticket,   that 


90  HISTORY 


office  having  been  created  by  the  Constitution  just  adopted.  He  became 
President  of  the  Senate  and  ex-officio  President  of  the  State  Board  of  Edu- 
cation. In  January,  1864,  he  was  chosen  secretary  of  the  board  and  in 
March  was  elected  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  serving  until  1867. 
Mr.  Faville  was  president  of  the  State  Teachers'  Association  in  1864-5  and 
editor  of  the  Iowa  School  Journal  from  18G3  to  1867.  He  died  on  the  31st 
of  October,  1872. 

JOSEPH  D.  FEGAN  is  one  of  tlie  pioneers  of  Iowa,  having  lived  in 
the  State  since  1849.  He  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Pennsylvania, 
July  26,  1831,  and  had  but  few  educational  advantages,  learning  the  tailor's 
trade  when  fourteen  years  of  age.  In  1849  he  came  West,  and  stopped  at 
Fairfield,  JeiTerson  County,  Iowa.  In  1850  he  removed  to  Princeton,  Scott 
County,  and  later  settled  in  Clinton  County.  In  1862  Mr.  Fegan  enlisted 
as  a  private  in  Company  I,  Twenty-sixth  Iowa  Volunteers  and  was  pro- 
moted to  sergeant-major,  participating  in  twenty-one  engagements  and 
several  sieges.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Arkansas  Post,  Lookout  Moun- 
tain, Missionary  Ridge,  Ringgold,  Resaca,  Kenesaw  Mountain  and  in  the 
sieges  of  Vicksburg,  Atlanta  and  Savannah  and  the  march  to  the  sea. 
Mr.  Fegan  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the  regiment 
in  1863,  and  later  became  captain  of  company  B,  of  the  regiment.  He  was 
commissioned  by  President  Lincoln  Assistant  Adjutant- General  in  the  regu- 
lar army.  He  was  chairman  of  the  Commission  appointed  by  Governor 
Jackson  to  locate  and  mark  the  position  of  Iowa  troops  engaged  in  the 
battles  of  Lookout  Mountain  and  Missionary  Ridge  and  was  also  one  of  the 
commissioners  appoint/cd  by  Governor  Shaw  to  locate  and  mark  the  lines 
of  Iowa  troops  at  the  siege  of  Vicksburg.  Captain  Fegan  was  formerly 
a  Democrat  but  since  the  Civil  War  has  affiliated  with  the  Republicans. 

LIBERTY  E.  FELLOWS  was  born  at  Corinth,  Vermont,  August  2?, 
1834.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  common  schools  and  academies 
of  Orange  Countj'.  In  1857  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  near  Lansing, 
where  for  several  years  lie  was  engaged  in  farming  and  school  teaching. 
He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1862  and  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  In  1865  he  was  elected  on  the  Democratic  ticket 
to  the  House  of  the  Eleventh  General  Assembly.  At  the  close  of  his  term 
he  was  elected  to  the  Senate,  serving  in  the  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth  Gen- 
eral Assemblies.  In  1889  Mr.  Fellows  was  appointed  judge  of  the  District 
Court  to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  has  been  three  times  elected  for  full  terras 
in  the  same  position.  He  was  for  twelve  years  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Trustees  of  the  Hospital  for  Insane  at  Mount  Pleasant  and  many  years  a 
regent  of  the  State  University.  He  was  two  years  Grand  Master  of  the 
Masonic  Grand  Lodge  of  Iowa.  In  1883,  Judge  Fellows  imited  with  the 
Republican  party. 


:    OF  IOWA  91 


STEPHEN  N.  FELLOWS,  theologian  and  educator,  was  born  May  30, 
1830,  in  North  Sandwich,  New  Hampshire.  His  early  educational  ad- 
vantages were  meager;  at  the  age  of  eighteen  he  entered  Rock  River  Sem- 
inary, at  Mount  Morris,  Illinois,  but  for  lack  of  means  was  unable  to  con- 
tinue his  studies  beyond  the  fourth  term.  In  1851  he  entered  Asbury,  now 
De  Pauw  University,  Greencastle,  Indiana,  where  he  graduated  with  the 
degree  of  A.  B.  in  1S54.  Previous  to  his  graduation  he  was  made  pro- 
fessor of  mathematics  and  natural  science  at  Cornell  College,  Mount  Ver- 
non, Iowa.  In  1856  he  joined  the  Upper  Iowa  Conference  of  the  Metho- 
dist Episcopal  chixrch,  and  in  1860  resigned  his  professorship  and  entered 
the  ministry,  having  charge  of  churched  at  Dyersville,  Tipton,  Lyons  and 
Marsha lltowu.  In  1867,  by  a  unanimous  vote,  Dr.  Fellows  was  elected 
principal  of  the  Normal  Department  of  the  State  University,  holding  the 
position  for  twenty  years.  When  he  began  his  work,  the  State  had  neither 
made  provision  for  any  higher  normal  course  nor  planned  to  do  so;  but 
Dr.  Fellows  recognized  the  need  of  this  higher  education  of  teachers  and 
it  was  largely  through  his  influence  that  the  standard  of  the  department 
was  raised.  In  1873  through  the  efforts  of  Dr.  Fellows  the  elementary 
normal  dejjartment  was  formed  and  became  the  chair  of  didactics  and 
united  with  that  of  mental  and  moral  science.  For  six  years  this  was  the 
only  chair  of  didactics  in  any  American  college  or  university.  Dr.  Fellows 
was  president  of  the  State  Teachers'  Association  in  1860  and  1872.  He 
has  had  great  influence  in  State  temperance  work,  his  open  letters  on  the 
subject  attracting  wide  attention.  He  was  at  one  time  president  of  the 
State  Temperance  Alliance.  In  1871  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Divinity  from  Cornell  College.  In  1891  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Ecu- 
menical Methodist  Conference  jit  Washington  and  in  1893  was  a  member 
of  the  Advisory  Council  of  Religions  at  Chicago.  He  was  a  leader  in  or- 
ganizing the  Indian  Rights  Association  of  Iowa. 

ANDREW  J.  FELT,  pioneer  journalist,  was  born  at  Victor,  Ontario 
County,  New  York.  December  27.  1833.  He  was  educated  at  Hamilton 
Academy,  later  studying  law,  and  came  to  Iowa  in  1855  before  being  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar.  Mi-.  Felt  located  in  Clayton  County  and  the  following 
year  became  associate  editor  of  the  North  loiva  Times  of  McGregor.  Ho 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Chickasaw  County  and  established  the  Cedar 
Valley  News  at  Bradford,  attending  to  law  business  and  editing  his  paper. 
In  1860  he  renewed  his  editorial  connection  with  the  North  loica.  Times 
until  the  Civil  War  began  when  lie  enlisted  in  Company  B,  Seventh  Iowa 
Volunteers.  At  the  Battle  of  Belmont  he  was  taken  prisoner,  remaining 
in  captivity  for  a  year,  when  he  was  exciianged  and  joined  his  regiment  at 
Corinth.  After  returaing  from  the  army  Mr.  Felt  established  the 
Public  Record  at  West  Union,  and  in  1867  the  Nashua  Post  which  he  con- 
duct-ed  until  1874  when  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Wadcrloo  Courier. 


92  HISTORY 


He  was  originally  a  Democrat  but  became  a  Republican  during  the  war 
period.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Convention  at  Chi- 
cago which,  in  1868,  nominated  General  Grant  for  President  and  was 
chosen  one  of  the  secretaries.  Later  he  removed  to  Kansas  where  he  be- 
came prominent  in  public  affairs  and  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  of 
the  State. 

ROBERT  S.  FIISQCBINE,  the  builder  of  the  permanent  State  House  of 
Iowa  in  his  fourteen  years'  superintendence  of  that  structure,  erected  a 
monument  to  his  own  memory  that  will  endure  for  many  generations. 
From  the  day  that  he  was  appointed  Superintendent  of  the  construction 
of  the  Capitol  not  a  dollar  of  the  appropriations  made  from  time  to  time, 
was  misapplied.  He  was  thoroughly  competent  from  long  experience  in 
building  and  no  contractor  was  ever  able  to  deceive  him  in  the  quality  of 
the  material  furnished.  His  eagle  eye  was  on  every  part  of  the  work  and 
from  start  to  finish  the  State  never  lost  a  dollar  of  the  $2,876,300  expended 
under  his  supervision.  Mr.  Finkbine  was  born  in  Ohio  on  the  9th  of  July, 
1828,  removed  to  Iowa  in  1850  and  for  many  years  was  a  resident  of  Iowa 
City,  where  he  engaged  in  contracting  and  building.  On  the  22d  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1856,  when  a  State  Convention  of  the  opponents  of  slavery  assembled 
at  Iowa  City  and  proceeded  to  organize  the  Republican  party  in  Iowa  R. 
S.  Finkbine  was  one  of  the  delegates  from  Johnson  County.  He  was  one 
of  the  men  who  in  the  evening  at  the  ratification  meeting  called  out  Samuel 
J.  Kirkwood  for  a  speech  which  was  the  first  introduction  of  the  afterwards 
famous  ">War  Governor"  to  the  public.  In  1863  Mr.  Finkbine  was  elected 
to  the  House  of  the  Tenth  General  Assembly  and  two  years  later  he  Avas 
reelected  to  the  Eleventh  General  Assembly.  He  was  not  a  speechmaker 
hut  Avas  esteemed  as  a  member  of  excellent  judgment.  Soon  after  his 
appointment  as  superintendent  of  the  erection  of  the  State  House,  Mr. 
Finkbine  became  a  resident  of  Des  Moines,  where  he  died  on  the  8th  of 
July,  1901. 

MATURIN  L.  FISHER  was  born  in  Danville,  Vermont,  on  the  10th 
of  Jvme,  1807.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Brown  University  and  stiidied  law, 
but  never  practiced.  He  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Congress  in  the 
Worcester  District  of  Massachusetts  in  1836.  In  1849  he  removed  to  Iowa, 
settling  on  a  farm  in  Clayton  County,  making  that  his  permanent  home. 
In  1852  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  a  district  embracing 
fifteen  counties  of  northeastern  Iowa.  Two  years  later  he  was  elected 
President  of  the  Senate  of  the  Fifth  General  Assembly  and  presided  over 
the  joint  convention  which  first  elected  James  Harlan  to  the  United  States 
Senate.  At  the  extra  session  of  1856  Mr.  Fisher  was  chosen  President  of 
the  Senate  by  a  unanimous  vote.  In  April,  1857,  he  was  elected  Superin- 
tendent of  Public  Instruction  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  although  the  Re- 


w 


C^Cyf^C^Cn^n-'LA^ 


OF  IOWA  93 


publicans  had  carried  the  State  at  the  preceding  August  election  by  more 
than  7,000  majority.  Mr.  Fisher  was  elected  one  of  thetrustees  of  the  Mount 
Pleasant  Insane  Asylum  in  1860  and  served  as  president  of  the  board 
until  1872.  In  1801  he  was  appointed  to  act  with  the  State  Treasurer  to 
negotiate  the  sale  of  State  bonds  for  the  War  and  Defense  Fund.  In 
1863  Mr.  Fisher  was  nominated  for  Governor  by  the  Democratic  State 
Convention  but  declined.  He  was  one  of  the  commissioners  who  super- 
intended the  erection  of  the  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at  Independence 
and  the  State  House  at  Des  Moines  and  was  universally  esteemed  as  one 
of  the  most  useful  public  men  of  Iowa.  He  died  on  the  5th  of  February, 
1879. 

WILLIAM  H.  FLEMING  was  born  in  the  City  of  New  York  on  the 
14th  of  April,  1833.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  schools  of  that  city 
and  in  the  printing  offices  where  he  was  employed.  He  came  to  Iowa  in 
1854,  stopping  in  Davenport  where  he  worked  at  his  trade.  A  few  years 
later  he  went  to  Le  Claire  where  for  three  years  he  published  a  paper. 
He  was  later  city  editor  of  the  Davenport  Gazette,  and  soon  after  the 
beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  became  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  Adjutant- 
General  Baker.  In  1867  he  was  appointed  by  General  Ed.  Wright,  deputy 
Secretary  of  State,  remaining  in  that  position  until  appointed  private 
secretai-y  to  Governor  Merrill.  He  has  served  as  private  secretary  also  to 
Governors  Carpenter,  Kirkwood,  Newbold,  Gear,  Drake  and  Shaw.  No 
man  in  Iowa  has  a  more  thorough  knowledge  of  the  State  affairs  and 
public  men  of  the  times  than  Major  Fleming.  He  has  been  employed  in 
superintending  the  State  census  upon  several  occasions.  In  1883  he  pur- 
chased an  interest  in  the  loioa  Weekly  Capital  and  soon  after  established 
the  daily  edition.  During  his  residence  in  Iowa  he  has  done  a  large  amount 
of  newspaper  work  on  various  papers,  and  has  long  been  regarded  as  high 
authority  on  all  matters  relating  to  Iowa  history.  In  1903  he  received  an 
appointment  in  the  Treasury  Department  at  Washington.  He  is  a  Re- 
publican in  politics  and  has  been  a  life-long  worker  in  the  temperance 
cause.    He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Unitarian  church  in  Des  Moinea. 

JAINIES  P.  FLICK  was  bom  at  Bakersto^vn,  Allegheny  County,  Penn- 
sylvania, August  28,  1845.  When  he  was  seven  years  of  age  his  parents 
removed  to  Iowa,  making  their  home  in  Wapello  County.  In  1857  they 
became  residents  of  Taylor  County  which  has  since  been  Mr.  Flick's  home. 
He  enlisted  in  the  Fourth  Iowa  Infantry  in  April,  1862,  and  served  in  the 
Civil  War  as  a  private  soldier.  Studying  law  after  his  return  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  He  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the 
House  of  the  Seventeenth  General  Assembly  and  was  District  Attorney  for 
six  years.  In  1888  he  was  elected  to  Congress  in  the  Eighth  District  and 
reelected  in  1890,  serving  four  years. 


94  HISTORY 


JOHN  G.  FOOTE  was  born  at  Middlebury,  Vermont,  April  21,  1814. 
He  came  to  Iowa  in  1843,  locating  at  Burlington  where  for  thirty-three 
years  he  was  engaged  in  the  hardware  business.  He  was  one  of  the  influ- 
ential promoters  of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad  and  treasurer 
of  the  company  for  several  years,  also  serving  as  director  of  the  Peoria, 
Carthage  &  Burlington  Railroad  and  of  the  first  telegraph  company 
which  built  a  line  to  Burlington.  Mr.  Foote  was  one  of  the  organizers 
and  a  director  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Burlington.  In  18G1  he  was 
elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  State  Senator,  serving  in  the  Ninth 
'and  Tenth  General  Assemblies.  He  ranked  high  in  financial  legislation. 
In  1872  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  commissioners  to  superintend  the  erec- 
tion of  the  new  State  House  and  had  charge  of  the  finances  until  the 
building  was  completed  in  1886.  Under  his  administration  $2,876,300  were 
disbursed  and  not  a  dollar  was  misappropriated  during  the  fourteen  years 
in  which  the  work  was  in  progress.  He  was  a  man  of  fine  business  ability 
and  of  stern  integrity.    He  died  on  the  4th  of  March,  1896. 

SIDNEY  A.  FOSTER  was  born  May  17,  1849,  in  Allegany  County, 
New  York.  His  education  was  obtained  in  the  schools  of  that  section  and 
the  printing  office.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1874  and  was  employed  in  writing 
county  histories  for  the  Andreas  Historical  Atlas,  and  later  was  one  of 
the  authors  of  the  histories  of  the  counties  of  Dubuque,  Fayette,  Howard, 
Mitchell  and  Floyd.  Later  he  was  engaged  in  conducting  the  Mitchell 
County  News  and  the  Worth  County  Eagle.  In  1884  he  was  elected  chief 
clerk  of  the  House  of  the  Twentieth  General  Assembly.  In  1886  he  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Royal  Union  Mutual  Insurance  Company  of 
which  he  has  since  been  secretary.  He  is  a  notable  public  speaker  and  in 
one  of  his  addresses  acquired  more  than  State-wide  reputation  as  the 
author  of  the  following  remark :  "  Of  all  that  is  good,  Iowa  affords  the 
best." 

SUEL  FOSTER  was  one  of  the  pioneer  horticulturists  of  Iowa.  He 
was  born  at  Hillsboro,  New  Hampshire,  on  the  26th  of  August,  1811,  and 
on  his  mother's  side  was  related  to  George  Bancroft  the  historian.  He 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the  common  schools.  In  1836  he 
made  the  journey  to  Rock  Island.  Mr.  Foster  and  his  brother  purchased  a 
sixth  interest  in  the  town  of  Bloomington  for  $500,  which  then  consisted 
of  one  hundred  sixty  acres  of  land  upon  which  were  two  log  cabins.  Here 
Mr.  Foster  made  his  permanent  home  and  here  the  city  of  Muscatine  grew 
up.  In  1852  he  began  to  plant  a  nursery  and  to  give  his  attention  to  experi- 
mental work  in  horticulture.  He  became  a  well-known  writer  on  fruit 
and  forest  growing,  contributing  to  the  principal  journals  of  agriculture 
and  horticulture  in  the  West.  Mr.  Foster  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Iowa  Horticultural  Society  and  a  life-long  member.     As  early  as  1847  he 


ALICE   FRENCH 
(Octave  Thanet) 


// 


'A 


WILLIAM   E.    FULLER 


OF  IOWA  95 


began  to  advocate  the  establishment  of  a  State  Agricultural  College,  similar 
to  institutions  existing  in  Germany.  He  gathered  information  relating  to 
the  European  schools  of  agriculture  and  was  a  strenuous  advocate  of  the 
establishment  of  one  in  Iowa  to  be  supported  by  State  aid.  He  assisted 
in  preparing  a  bill  which  was  introduced  into  the  Legislature  by  R.  A. 
Richardson  in  1856,  for  the  creation  of  such  a  college.  When  the  Seventh 
General  Assembly  provided  by  law  for  a  State  Agricultural  College,  Suel 
Foster  was  made  one  of  the  trustees  and  was  for  five  years  president  of 
the  board.  To  the  end  of  his  life  he  continued  to  work  in  experimental 
horticulture  and  by  his  pen  advocated  industrial  education. 

BENJAMIN  T.  FREDERICK  was  born  in  Fredericktown,  Columbiana 
County,  Ohio,  on  the  5th  of  October,  1834.  He  removed  to  Iowa,  becom- 
ing a  resident  of  Marshalltown  where  he  engaged  in  manufacturing.  For 
a  long  time  he  was  a  member  of  the  school  board  and  also  of  the  city 
council.  In  the  fall  of  1882  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  of  the 
Fifth  District  for  Representative  in  Congress.  The  election  was  close  and 
the  certificate  was  awarded  by  the  canvassers  to  his  Republican  competitor, 
James  Wilson.  But  after  a  long  contest,  lasting  until  the  last  day  of  the 
second  session,  it  was  decided  that  Mr.  Frederick  had  been  elected  in 
place  of  Wilson  who  had  held  the  seat.  Mr.  Frederick  was  again  nom- 
inated in  1884  and  elected  over  Mile  P.  Smith.  In  1886  Mr.  Frederick 
was  nominated  a  third  time  but  was  defeated  at  the  election  and  soon 
after  removed  to  California. 

ALICE  FRENCH  was  born  March  19,  1850,  in  Andover,  Massachu- 
setts, and  was  educated  at  Abbott  Academy  in  Andover.  She  came  to 
Iowa  with  her  parents  in  1857,  making  her  home  at  Davenport.  At  an 
early  age  Miss  French  developed  a  talent  for  story  writing  and  eventually 
became  one  of  the  best  known  authors  of  fiction  in  the  West.  Her  char- 
acter delineations  of  the  west  and  southwest  are  among  the  most  graphic 
to  be  found,  showing  close  observation  of  the  salient  peculiarities  of  the 
types  of  that  region.  Among  her  best  known  works  of  fiction  are  "  Knit- 
ters in  the  Sun,"  "  Otto  the  Knight,"  "  Stories  of  a  Western  Town," 
and  "  Expiation."  She  is  perhaps  more  widely  known  as  ''  Octave  Thanet " 
a  nom  de  plume  adopted.  Her  stories  have  been  in  demand  by  the  best 
magazines  of  the  country  and  are  among  the  most  fascinating  in  American 
fiction. 

WILLIAM  E.  FULLER  was  born  in  Center  County,  Pennsylvania, 
March  30,  1846.  The  family  removed  to  Iowa  in  1853,  settling  at  West 
Union  in  Fayette  County.  William  E.  attended  the  Upper  Iowa  University 
and  graduated  from  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  University  in 
1870.     He  then  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  at  his  home 


96  HISTORY 


in  West  Union.  In  1866  he  received  an  appointment  in  the  Indian 
Bureau  of  the  Depai-tment  of  the  Interior  and  spent  two  years  in  Wash- 
ington. In  1876  he  was  a  member  of  the  Lower  House  of  the  Iowa  Legis- 
lature. Mr.  Fuller  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  Representative  in 
Congress  for  the  Fourth  District  in  1884  and  in  1886  was  reelected,  serv- 
ing two  terms.  During  this  time  he  was  a  member  of  the  Republican 
Congressional  Committee.  In  1901  ]VIr.  Fuller  was  appointed  by  President 
McKinley  Assistant  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States,  having  charge 
of  the  Spanish  war  claims. 

AMBROSE  C.  FULTON  was  born  in  Chester  County,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1811,  working  on  his  father's  farm  until  1827  when  he  went  to  Phila- 
delphia and  began  a  career  of  adventure.  He  went  to  sea,  landed  in  New 
Orleans  and  engaged  in  trade  with  the  West  India  Islands,  accumulating 
money  to  build  several  business  houses  in  New  Orleans.  He  raised  a  com- 
pany and  aided  Texas  in  its  revolt  against  Mexico.  In  1842  ilr.  Fulton 
located  in  Davenport,  Iowa,  where  he  built  the  first  fiat-boat  that  made 
the  trip  to  New  Orleans  from  that  city.  In  company  with  others  he 
selected  a  mill-site  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River  in  Buchanan  County  and 
built  a  dam  and  flouring  mill.  In  1848  he  built  a  large  flouring  mill  in 
Davenport  and  was  one  of  the  first  to  project  the  railroad  which  was  built 
west  from  that  place.  In  1854  Mr.  Fulton  was  elected  by  a  union  of  the 
Whigs  and  Antislavery  voters  to  represent  Scott  County  in  the  State  Sen- 
ate and  helped  elect  James  Harlan  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  take 
the  place  of  George  W.  Jones.  For  more  than  forty  years  Mr.  Fulton  was 
engaged  in  nearly  all  public  enterprises  for  the  building  up  of  Davenport 
and  during  that  time  erected  thirty-seven  buildings.  He  was  always  one  of 
the  leaders  and  promoters  of  public  enterprises  to  advance  the  develop- 
ment of  the  city  and  State.  He  was  an  intelligent  writer  for  the  leading 
newspapers  and  did  much  in  that  way  to  bring  settlers  into  the  city,  and 
men  of  capital  into  the  State. 

ALEXANDER  R.  FULTON,  author  of  "  The  Red  Men  of  Iowa,"  was 
born  in  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  October  11,  1825.  He  received  a  liberal  educa- 
tion and  came  to  Iowa  in  1851  where  he  was  employed  in  newspaper  work 
on  the  Fairfield  Ledger  for  three  years.  For  twelve  years  he  was  county 
surveyor.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Republican  party  of  Iowa, 
and  was  judge  of  Jefferson  County  when  that  officer  had  charge  of  finan- 
cial affairs.  In  1867  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  House  of  the  Twelfth 
General  Assembly.  During  the  years  1868-9  he  traveled  through  the 
counties  of  Iowa  for  the  State  Register  writing  historical  sketches,  which 
were  of  permanent  value.  He  compiled  a  book  on  the  "  Free  Lands  of 
Iowa,"  giving  a  large  amount  of  information  to  persons  seeking  homes 
in  the  State.     Mr.  Fulton  served  several  years  as  secretary  of  the  State 


OF  IOWA  97 


Board  of  Immigration  and  also  as  secretary  of  the  Capitol  Commission. 
In  1872  the  State  Printing  Company  was  organized  at  Des  Moines  to 
supply  auxiliary  printed  sheets  to  country  papers  and  Judge  Fulton  was 
selected  as  editor,  a  position  he  held  under  various  changes  as  long  as  he 
lived.  The  work  for  which  he  will  be  longest  remembered  was  performed 
during  this  time.  No  history  of  the  Iowa  Indians  was  in  existence  and 
Judge  Fulton  entered  upon  the  work,  which  was  completed  and  published 
in  1882.  The  title  of  the  volume  was  "  The  Red  Men  of  Iowa"  and  was  a 
comprehensive  and  reliable  history  of  the  various  Indian  tribes  which  had 
at  times  occupied  portions  of  Iowa.  Judge  Fulton  was  secretary  of  the 
Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred 
September  29,  1891. 

ABRAHAM  B.  FUNK,  journalist  and  legislator,  was  born  at  Liberty, 
Illinois,  January  12,  1854.  He  came  to  Iowa  with  his  father's  family  in 
1865,  first  locating  in  Hamilton  County  and  later  removing  to  Estherville. 
Here  in  1870  the  young  man  entered  the  office  of  the  Northern  Vindicator 
as  compositor  and  made  such  progress  that  in  two  years  he  became  half 
o\\Tier  of  the  Spirit  Lake  Beacon.  In  1878  he  established  a  paper  at  Flan- 
dreau,  Dakota,  where  he  was  elected  the  first  mayor  of  the  town.  In  1879 
the  same  year  he  returned  to  Spirit  Lake  of  which  he  also  became  the  first 
mayor,  and  was  connected  with  the  Beacon  at  the  same  period.  Through 
this  journal  Mr.  Funk  acquired  wide  influence  in  northwestern  Iowa.  His 
political  career  began  with  his  election  as  delegate  to  the  National  Republi- 
can Convention  of  1884,  and  in  1887  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  from 
the  district  consisting  of  the  counties  of  Clay,  Dickinson,  Emmet,  Palo  Alto 
and  Kossuth.  He  served  in  that  position  for  three  terms,  attaining  high 
rank  among  the  leading  members  of  the  General  Assemblies  during  that 
period  of  twelve  years.  As  chairman  of  the  committee  on  ways  and  means 
he  was  largely  instrumental  in  framing  and  securing  the  passage  of  the 
bill  creating  the  State  Board  of  Control.  In  1897  Senator  Funk  was  one 
of  the  most  prominent  candidates  before  the  Republican  State  Convention 
for  nomination  for  Governor,  at  the  time  Leslie  JNI.  Shav/  was  nominated. 
Upon  the  creation  of  the  State  Commission  to  improve  and  complete  the 
Capitol  building,  Senator  Funk  was  made  a  member. 

JAMES  H.  FUNK  was  born  in  Fairfield  County,  Ohio,  February  15, 
1842.  His  educational  advantages  were  meager  but  by  evening  study  he 
became  qualified  to  teach  school.  In  1862  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the 
Fifty-third  Illinois  Infantry.  After  returning  from  the  war  he  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1871.  He  took  an  active  part  in  Illinois 
politics  and  served  two  terms  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State.  In  1890 
Mr.  Funk  removed  to  Iowa,  making  his  home  on  a  farm  near  Iowa  Falls 
where  he  engaged  in  raising  horses.     He  became  an  active  participant  in 

[Vol.  4] 


98  HISTORY 


public  affairs  and  in  1893  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  the  Twenty-fifth  General  Assembly.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  the  suppression  of  intemperance  and  was 
reelected  to  the  Twenty-sixth  General  Assembly  where  he  became  chair- 
man of  the  committee  on  ways  and  means.  He  was  elected  to  the  Twenty- 
seventh  General  Assembly  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House. 

WASHINGTON  GALLAND  was  bom  June  20,  1827,  near  Nauvoo, 
Illinois.  He  grew  to  manhood  among  the  half-breed  Indians  and  early  pio- 
neers of  the  Mississippi  valley,  hunting,  fishing  and  boating.  He  was  a  pu- 
pil of  Berryman  Jennings  who  taught  the  first  school  in  Iowa  in  a  rude  log 
cabin.  He  acquired  a  good  education  in  later  years  and  in  1856  entered 
the  law  office  of  Rankin  and  Miller  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  1859. 
In  1863  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  from  Lee  County  where  he 
had  settled.  When  but  nineteen  years  of  age  he  enlisted  with  a  Missoiiri 
cavalry  regiment  in  the  Mexican  War,  serving  until  its  close.  When  the 
Civil  War  began  Mr.  Galland  raised  a  company  for  the  Sixth  Iowa  In- 
fantry of  which  he  was  commissioned  captain.  He  was  taken  prisoner 
at  the  Battle  of  Shiloh  and  was  released  after  seven  months.  He  has  been 
a  prominent  member  of  the  Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association,  to  which  he 
has  contributed  valuable  papers. 

WILLIAJVI  H.  GALLUP  is  one  of  the  veteran  journalists  of  Iowa.  He 
was  born  in  Schoharie  County,  New  York,  in  May,  1840,  and  attended  the 
public  schools  and  a  seminary,  teaching  school  several  years.  He  entered 
the  Poughkeepsie  Law  School  in  1859  from  which  he  graduated  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  Newburg.  In  May,  1861,  Mr.  Gallup  came  to  Iowa, 
locating  at  Marshalltown  where  he  practiced  law  a  short  time  when  he 
purchased  the  Marshalltown  Times  and  entered  upon  his  long  career  of 
journalism  which  continued  with  few  interruptions  for  more  than  a  third 
of  a  century.  During  the  exciting  times  when  General  Grant  was  closing 
the  coils  around  Vicksburg,  so  anxious  were  the  people  for  news  that  Mr. 
Gallup  issued  the  Times  daily,  which  was  the  first  daily  paper  issued  on 
the  line  of  the  Northwestern  Railroad  between  Chicago  and  Council  Bluffs. 
In  December,  1864,  Mr.  Gallup  removed  to  Boonsboro  and  established  the 
Boone  Standard.  In  1870  he  became  the  publisher  of  the  Nevada  Repre- 
sentative. He  was  an  active  Republican  and  in  1875  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate,  serving  through  the  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  General  As- 
semblies. He  was  the  author  of  a  law  authorizing  townships  and  incor- 
porated towns  to  vote  taxes  to  aid  in  building  railroads.  In  1887  Mr. 
Gallup  purchased  the  Perry  Chief  in  Dallas  County  and  after  five  years 
sold  the  paper  and,  returning  to  Boone  County,  bought  an  interest  in  the 
Republican  paper,  in  1896  becoming  the  sole  owner.  In  1899  he  estab- 
lished the  Monthly  Review  and  Advertiser. 


OF  IOWA  99 


HAMLIN  GARLAND,  poet  and  novelist,  was  born  at  West  Salem, 
Wisconsin,  September  16,  1860.  His  parents  removed  to  Iowa  when  he  was 
a  child  and  his  early  education  was  acquired  in  the  district  schools  of 
Mitchell  County.  He  attended  the  Cedar  Valley  Seminary  at  Osage,  where 
he  graduated  in  1881.  When  not  in  school  he  worked  on  the  farm  and 
later  taught  school  in  Illinois.  He  took  a  claim  in  Dakota,  where  he  re- 
mained but  a  short  time,  when  he  went  to  Boston  and  began  to  write 
stories  which  at  once  attracted  attention.  In  1893  he  returned  to  the  west, 
making  his  home  in  Chicago.  Mr.  Garland  is  a  writer  whose  articles  and 
stories  have  appeared  in  the  leading  magazines  of  the  country.  He  has 
also  published  a  number  of  strong  stories  in  book  form.  The  first  which 
brought  him  into  general  notice,  and  which,  in  the  opinion  of  his  Iowa 
friends,  he  has  not  surpassed  is  "  Main  Traveled  Roads,"  a  vivid  pictiure  of 
the  West  as  he  knew  it  immediately  after  the  war.  Mr.  Garland  has  also 
written  a  series  of  tales  of  Iowa  political  life,  among  them  the  "  Spoil  of 
Office."  "Rose  of  Dutchess  Coolie"  and  the  "Captain  of  the  Gray  Horse 
Troop"  are  his  latest  stories.  Mr.  Garland  has  also  written  a  number  of 
poems  which  have  appeared  under  the  title  of  "Prairie  Songs." 


JOHN  A.  GARRETT,  a  native  of  Carlisle,  Sullivan  County,  Indiana, 
was  born  on  the  15th  of  November,  1824.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Hanover 
College  and  of  the  Indiana  University.  During  the  War  with  Mexico  he 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Fourth  Indiana  Infantry  and  was  in  the  army 
of  General  Scott  which  captured  the  City  of  Mexico.  In  the  fall  of  1857 
Mr.  Garrett  came  to  Iowa  stopping  for  a  time  in  Des  Moines  and  at  Leon. 
In  1859  he  became  a  resident  of  Newton  in  Jasper  County  where  he  was 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits.  When  the  Civil  War  began  he  enlisted  in 
the  military  service;  in  August,  1861,  he  recruited  a  company  which  was 
incorporated  with  the  Tenth  Iowa  Infantry  of  which  he  was  appointed 
captain.  He  took  part  in  several  engagements,  where  he  distinguished 
himself  and  in  August,  1862,  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
Twenty-second  Iowa  Infantry.  Soon  after  he  was  commissioned  colonel  of 
the  Fortieth  Infantry  and  commanded  that  regiment  in  the  campaign 
against  Little  Rock  and  in  the  Battle  of  Jenkin's  Ferry,  remaining  in 
command  to  the  close  of  the  war. 

CONDUCE  H.  GATCH  was  born  near  Milford,  Ohio,  July  25,  1825.  He 
grew  to  manhood  on  his  father's  farm  attending  the  common  schools  dur- 
ing winters  and  laboring  on  the  farm  through  the  working  season.  After 
becoming  of  age  he  took  a  regular  course  in  Augusta  College,  Kentucky, 
and  then  studied  law  at  Xenia,  Ohio,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
He  settled  at  Kenton  where  he  was  chosen  prosecuting  attorney  and  later 
member  of  the  State  Senate.  Mr.  Gatch  was  a  delegate  to  the  first  Na- 
tional   Republican    Convention    which    nominated    General    John    C.    Fre- 


— ,  /  >  .--"*  =*^  r>  •'^^ 
.!«»   Ye.-.     .   i    »/-* 


VJ? 


f'^>KJ   •» 


100  .  HISTORY 


mont  for  President.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Rebellion  Mr.  Gatch  raised 
a  company  for  the  Thirty-third  Ohio  Infantry  of  which  he  was  commis- 
sioned captain.  He  participated  in  several  battles  and  was  promoted  to 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  regiment.  He  removed  to  Iowa  in  1866,  enter- 
ing upon  the  practice  of  law.  In  1885  he  was  elected  to  the  Iowa  Senate, 
where  he  served  eight  years.  He  was  the  author  of  many  important  laws 
among  which  was  the  one  founding  the  Historical  Department  of  Iowa 
and  a  general  law  promoting  the  organization  of  public  libraries  in  towns 
and  cities.  He  was  the  author  of  a  history  of  the  Des  Moines  River  Land 
Grant  and  the  legislation  and  litigation  following,  published  in  the 
Annals  of  Iowa.     He  died  at  his  home  on  the  1st  of  July,  1897. 

JOHN  H.  GEAR,  tenth  Governor  of  Iowa,  was  born  at  Ithaca,  New 
York,  on  the  7th  of  April,  1825.  He  had  no  educational  advantages  in  his 
youth  but  acquired,  unaided,  his  knowledge  of  books.  The  country  about 
Ithaca  was  at  that  time  a  wilderness  and  the  father  and  mother  lived  in  a 
rude  log  cabin,  surrounded  by  Onondaga  Indians.  In  1836  the  family  re- 
moved to  Galena,  Illinois,  then  a  frontier  post  in  the  Indian  country,  where 
lead  mining  was  the  principal  attraction  and  business.  Two  years  later 
the  father,  having  been  appointed  chaplain  in  the  regular  army,  took  his 
family  to  Fort  Snelling,  a  frontier  military  post  in  the  wilds  of  Minne- 
sota. Always  on  the  extreme  frontier,  enduring  hardships  and  privations, 
amid  the  rudest  surroundings,  the  son  gi-ew  to  nineteen  years  of  age  with 
none  of  the  advantages  of  civilization,  but  with  the  lessons  of  economy  and 
self-reliance  fully  learned.  In  the  fall  of  1843,  young  Gear  descended  the 
Mississippi  River  and  on  the  25th  of  September  landed  at  the  new  town  of 
Burlington  on  the  Iowa  side  which  was  ever  after  his  home.  Here  for  the 
first  time  the  young  man  worked  for  himself,  first  on  a  farm,  then  as  clerk 
in  a  store.  In  1845  he  secured  a  position  in  a  store  and  at  the  end  of  five 
years  was  made  a  partner  and  five  years  later  was  able  to  purchase  the 
store.  In  1863  Mr.  Gear  was  chosen  mayor  of  the  city  and  in  1871  was 
elected  by  the  Republicans  to  the  House  of  the  Fourteenth  General  As- 
sembly. He  was  reelected  at  the  close  of  his  first  term  and  nominated 
by  the  Republicans  of  the  House  of  Representatives  for  Speaker.  The 
members  were  equally  divided  politically  and  for  two  weeks  neither  were 
able  to  elect,  but  on  the  one  hundred  forty- fourth  ballot  ISIr.  Gear  was 
elected.  He  was  an  able  and  eminently  fair  presiding  officer,  was  reelected 
and  again  chosen  Speaker.  In  1877  he  was  nominated  for  Governor 
of  the  State  by  the  Republicans  and  elected.  He  at  once  brought  to  the 
service  of  the  State  that  executive  ability  which  had  led  him  to  success 
in  every  undertaking  of  his  self-reliant  life.  He  made  himself  thoroughly 
familiar  with  every  department  and  public  institution  of  the  State,  sug- 
gesting numerous  reforms  in  the  methods  of  conducting  business.  At  the 
close  of  his  term  he  was  reelected  by  an  increased  majority.     In  1886  he 


HARRIET  POOTE  GEAR 
Preserver  of  Iowa  War  Flags. 


OF  IOWA  101 


was  elected  to  the  National  House  of  Representatives  and  in  two  years  was 
reelected,  serving  on  the  committee  on  ways  and  means.  He  was  defeated 
at  the  next  election  but  was  appointed  by  President  Harrison  Assistant 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  resigned  to  take  his  seat  in  the  Fifty-third 
Congress  to  which  he  was  elected.  Governor  Gear  was  a  delegate  in  the 
Republican  National  Convention  of  1892  which  renominated  Harrison  and 
in  1896,  which  nominated  McKinley.  In  the  summer  of  1893,  he  became  a 
candidate  for  a  seat  in  the  United  States  Senate.  Among  his  competitors 
were  W.  P.  Hepburn,  John  F.  Lacey,  George  D.  Perkins,  then  members  of 
Congress,  A.  B.  Cummins  and  John  Y.  Stone,  prominent  lawyers  and  L.  S. 
Coffin,  a  well-known  farmer.  The  contest  was  animated  but  Governor  Gear 
was  nominated  by  the  Republican  caucus  of  the  General  Assembly  and 
elected  for  six  years  from  the  4th  of  March,  1895.  He  was  a  prominent 
member  of  the  Senate  committee  on  Pacific  Railroads,  where  he  was  largely 
influential  in  securing  to  the  Government  the  payment  of  the  bonds  issued 
in  1862-3  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  the  subsidized  roads.  In  the  winter 
of  1900,  a  powerful  effort  was  made  to  nominate  A.  B.  Cummins  of  Des 
Moines,  to  succeed  Governor  Gear  in  the  Senate.  The  contest  was  waged 
with  great  vigor  and  determination  but  the  host  of  old  friends  of  the  popu- 
lar Senator,  who  was  serving  his  first  term,  rallied  to  his  support  and  se- 
cured his  reelection.  While  in  Washington  serving  out  his  first  term  Senator 
Gear  died  suddenly,  on  the  14th  of  July,  1901.  His  death  was  sincerely 
mourned  by  the  people  of  the  entire  State,  regardless  of  party. 

JAMES  L.  GEDDES  was  born  in  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  on  the  19th 
of  March,  1827.  He  graduated  at  the  British  Military  Academy  at  Cal- 
cutta, India,  and  served  in  the  British  army  for  seven  years.  He  was 
awarded  a  medal  for  gallant  service.  In  1857  he  settled  on  a  farm  in 
Benton  County,  Iowa.  In  August,  1861,  he  raised  a  company  of  volun- 
teers for  the  Eighth  Iowa  Infantry  of  which  he  was  chosen  captain.  When 
the  regiment  was  organized  he  was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  and  in 
February,  1862  was  promoted  to  colonel.  At  the  Battle  of  Shiloh  Colonel 
Geddes  greatly  distinguished  himself  and  his  regiment  was  handled  with 
skill  that  won  the  admiration  and  warm  commendation  of  the  command- 
ing General.  In  the  Mobile  campaign  Colonel  Geddes  commanded  a  bri- 
gade and  won  additional  honors  in  the  battle  which  resulted  in  the  cap- 
ture of  the  Spanish  Fort.  He  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General.  In 
1870  General  Geddes  was  chosen  cashier  and  steward  of  the  State  Agri- 
cultural College  and  in  1871  he  was  appointed  professor  of  Military  Tactics 
and  Engineering  and  a  few  years  later  became  vice-president  of  the  college 
and  treasurer  of  the  institution.  He  was  an  exceedingly  valuable  officer 
of  the  college  but  was  removed  by  a  majority  of  a  board  of  the  trustees 
unfriendly  to  him,  from  the  positions  he  had  long  filled  with  marked  ability. 
His  removal  aroused  a  storm  of  indignation  among  the  students,  his  asso- 


'o* 


102  HISTORY 


elates  on  the  faculty  and  the  people  of  the  State  generally  which  soon 
resulted  in  his  restoration  to  a  number  of  the  positions  from  which  he  had 
been  displaced. 

JAMES  I.  GILBERT  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1824  and  removed  to 
Iowa  in  1852,  making  his  home  at  Lansing,  Allamakee  County,  where  he 
was  a  commission  merchant  when  the  Civil  War  began.  In  August,  1862, 
he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Regiment  of  Iowa  Volun- 
teer Infantry.  He  distinguished  himself  in  the  capture  of  Fort  De  Russey 
on  the  Red  River,  leading  his  regiment  in  a  most  gallant  charge  which  cap- 
tured the  works.  After  the  Battle  of  Nashville  he  was  promoted  to  Briga- 
dier-General for  distinguished  services  and  before  the  close  of  the  war 
was  brevetted  Major-General. 

GILBERT  S.  GILBERTSON  is  a  native  of  Spring  Grove,  Minnesota, 
where  he  was  bom  October  17,  1863.  His  education  was  completed  at  i. 
business  college  in  Janesville,  Wisconsin,  and  in  the  spring  of  1879  he  re- 
moved to  Worth  County,  Iowa.  Aside  from  farming  his  first  employment 
was  bookkeeping  in  an  implement  house  in  Forest  City.  In  1889  he  was 
elected  clerk  of  the  District  Court  of  Winnebago  County  in  which  office  he 
was  continued  by  reelections  until  1896  when  he  resigned  to  become  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  Senate  from  the  Forty-first  District.  Mr.  Gilbertson  became 
a  financier  early  in  the  nineties  organizing  a  number  of  banks  and  loan 
companies.  He  was  also  owner  and  publisher  of  the  Winnehago  Summit  of 
Forest  City.  For  ten  years  he  was  treasurer  of  the  city  and  was  seven  years 
a  member  of  the  school  board,  and  chairman  of  the  Republican  county  com- 
mittee. In  1900  he  was  nominated  and  elected  State  Treasurer  and  was 
reelected  in  1902. 

EDWARD  H.  GILLETTE  was  the  son  of  Francis  Gillette,  United 
States  Senator  from  Connecticut  and  Free  Soil  candidate  for  Governor  in 
antislavery  times.  Edward  H.  was  born  October  1,  1840,  in  Bloomfield, 
Connecticut,  and  received  his  education  at  Hartford  High  School  and  at  the 
New  York  Agricultural  College.  After  coming  to  Iowa  he  engaged  in 
stock  farming  near  Des  Moines  and  became  a  leader  in  the  Greenback 
party  and  in  1878  was  nominated  for  Representative  in  Congress  by  that 
party  in  the  Seventh  District.  He  was  elected,  serving  one  term.  For 
several  years  he  was  associated  with  General  James  B.  Weaver  in  the 
publication  of  the  Farmers^  Tribune  at  Des  IMoines,  the  central  organ  of 
the  Populist  party  of  Iowa.  He  was  one  of  the  earnest  advocates  of  the 
principles  of  that  party  and  one  of  its  eloquent  public  speakers.  In  1879 
he  was  chairman  of  the  State  Central  Committee  of  the  Union  Labor  party 
and  in  1893  was  the  candidate  of  the  People's  party  for  Secretary  of  State. 


THh 


/       NtW  YORK      V 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


^^ 


..iJi,  Lenox  and  Tilden  /, 


Foiimijioai, 


OF  IOWA  103 


CHARLES  C.  GILMAN  was  a  native  of  the  State  of  Maine,  where 
he  was  born  on  the  22d  of  February,  1833.  He  attended  an  academy  at 
Wiuterport  where  he  prepared  for  college  and  entered  the  sophomore  class 
of  what  is  now  Colby  University  and  studied  medicine  with  his  father 
who  was  an  eminent  physician.  In  1857  he  came  to  Iowa,  stopping  at 
Dubuque,  where  he  became  largely  engaged  in  the  wholesale  lumber  trade. 
When  the  Civil  War  began  he  was  active  in  raising  four  companies  for  the 
service,  cooperating  with  his  friend,  Francis  J.  Herron,  who  became  one 
of  the  most  brilliant  officers  from  Iowa  as  the  war  progressed.  In  1858, 
when  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  was  pushing  its  line  westward, 
Mr.  Gilman  established  the  town  of  Earlville  by  erecting  twenty-eight 
buildings  for  residences  and  business.  During  the  years' 1860-61  he  built 
elevators  at  Monticello,  Marion  and  Cedar  Falls,  besides  buying  water 
power  and  erecting  flouring  mills.  In  1864  he  wrote  articles  for  the  news- 
papers urging  the  improvement  of  the  rapids  in  the  Mississippi  River  at 
Davenport  and  Keokuk,  in  which  he  had  the  cooperation  of  the  St.  Louis 
Times,  then  conducted  by  Stilson  Hutchins,  the  Chicago  Journal,  then 
edited  by  Frank  Gilbert,  both  formerly  Iowa  editors,  the  Dubuque,  Daven- 
port, Burlington  and  Keokuk  papers.  This  movement  resulted  in  the  hold- 
ing of  conventions  which  brought  about  action  of  Congress  making  appro- 
priations for  the  work  that  was  finally  accomplished.  In  1866  Mr.  Gilman 
made  the  first  soundings  of  the  Mississippi  River  at  Dubuque  for  the  rail- 
road bridge  which  was  later  built.  In  1867  he  organized  a  company  for  the 
construction  of  a  railroad  from  Ackley  via  Eldora  to  Marsh  alltown,  which 
finally  resulted  in  the  building  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  the  first 
north  and  south  line  in  the  State.  From  1867  to  1872  Mr.  Gilman  de- 
voted his  energies  to  this  enterprise  as  president  and  superintendent  of 
the  construction  company. 

JOSIAH  GIVEN  was  born  in  Westmoreland  County,  Pennsylvania, 
on  the  31st  of  August,  1828.  He  obtained  his  education  in  the  district 
schools.  When  the  War  with  Mexico  began  he  enlisted  as  a  drummer  and 
a  few  months  later  became  a  private  soldier  in  the  Fourth  Ohio  Infantry  and 
served  to  the  close  of  the  war.  Upon  returning  home  he  began  the  study 
of  law  with  J.  R.  Barcroft  and  an  older  brother  at  Millersburg.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850  and  the  following  year  was  chosen  Prosecuting 
Attorney.  Later  he  was  admitted  into  partnership  with  J.  R.  Barcroft 
and  at  the  beginning  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  raised  a  company  of 
which  he  was  chosen  captain  and  entered  the  service  in  the  Twenty-fourth 
Ohio  Infantry.  He  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  regiment 
and  in  1863  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Seventy-fourth  Ohio  Infantry. 
After  the  war  he  was  elected  postmaster  of  the  National  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives,' serving  two  years.  In  May,  1868,  he  removed  to  Iowa,  set- 
tling in  Des  Moines  where  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law.     In  January, 


104  HISTOKY 


1872,  he  became  District  Attorney  of  the  Fifth  District,  serving  three 
years.  At  the  close  of  his  term  he  entered  into  partnership  with  J.  E,. 
Barcroft  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  November,  1886,  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  Seventli  Judicial  District,  serving  until  March  12,  1889, 
when  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  by  Governor  Larrabee 
to  fill  a  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Judge  J.  R.  Reed.  He 
was  twice  reelected,  serving  as  Associate  Judge  and  Chief  Justice  until 
December  31,  1901.  Judge  Given  has  always  been  a  popular  public  speaker 
at  soldiers'  gatherings  and  has  long  been  a  prominent  member  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic.  He  was  a  Democrat  in  early  life  but  became  a  Re- 
publican upon  the  organization  of  that  party. 

WELKER  GIVEN  was  born  at  Millersburg,  Ohio,  on  the  18th  of  May, 
1853,  and  is  the  son  of  Judge  Josiah  Given.  He  received  a  thorough  edu- 
cation in  Ohio  and  Iowa,  as  his  father  and  family  emigrated  to  the  latter 
State  in  1868.  He  served  as  private  secretary  to  Governor  Sherman  and 
was,  for  several  years,  editor  of  the  Peoria  Daily  Transcript  and  for  a 
long  time  an  editorial  writer  on  the  Chicago  Triiune.  He  became  one  of 
the  proprietors  and  editor  of  the  Marshalltown  Times,  in  which  he  first 
suggested  the  "  Mulct  Liquor  Law "  Avhich  was  enacted  by  the  Republi- 
cans upon  the  abandonment  of  prohibition.  He  has  long  been  an  accom- 
plished writer  and  is  the  author  of  the  "  Tariff  Riddle."  He  is  widely 
knoAvn  as  a  Shakespearean  scholar  and  recently  published  a  work  called 
"  A  Study  of  Othello." 

SAMUEL  L.  GLASGOW  was  born  in  Adams  County,  Ohio,  on  the  17tli 
of  September,  1838.  He  was  educated  at  South  Salem  Academy  and  in  the 
fall  of  1856  came  to  Iowa  and  first  located  at  Oskaloosa  where  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1858.  He  soon  after  removed  to  Corydon  where  he 
opened  a  law  office.  In  July,  1861,  he  assisted  in  raising  Company  I,  of  the 
Fourth  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry  and  was  chosen  first  lieutenant.  In  1862 
he  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Twenty-third  Regiment. 
Upon  the  death  of  Colonel  Kinsman  he  was  promoted  to  the  command  of 
the  regiment,  making  an  excellent  officer  and  before  the  close  of  the  war 
attained  the  rank  of  brevet  Brigadier-General.  Upon  his  return  home  he 
was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  Representative  in  the  Eleventh  Gen- 
eral Assembly.  In  1867  he  was  appointed  United  States  Consul  to  Havre, 
France,  where  he  remained  several  years.  In  1872  he  was  sent  to  Glas- 
gow, Scotland,  as  United  States  Consul. 

GEORGE  L.  GODFREY  was  born  on  the  4th  of  November,  1833,  in 
Orleans  County,  Vermont.  In  the  fall  of  1855,  he  came  to  Iowa,  stopping  at 
Dubuque,  where  he  engaged  in  school  teaching,  and  in  1859  took  up  his  per- 
manent residence  in  Des  Moines.   He  began  his  law  studies  with  Judge  C.  C. 


GEORGE   L.    GODFREY 


OF   IOWA  105 


Cole  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  just  before  the  War  of  the  Rebellion 
began.  In  May,  1861,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  of  the  famous  Second 
Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry  and  in  December  was  promoted  to  second  lieu- 
tenant and  in  June,  1862,  became  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the 
regiment.  He  served  with  distinction  in  the  great  battles  of  Fort  Donel- 
son  and  Shiloh,  and  marching  to  Corinth  with  Grant's  army  he  bore  a 
conspicuous  part  in  the  two  days'  desperate  battle  in  that  famous  to\vii, 
having  two  horses  shot  under  him.  When  the  First  Alabama  Cavalry  was 
organized  from  Union  men  Captain  Godfrey  was  commissioned  major,  in 
1863,  and  was  soon  after  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel.  In  this  regiment 
he  served  with  distinction  in  Sherman's  famous  march  to  the  sea.  At  the 
close  of  the  war  he  was  mustered  out  with  his  regiment  at  Huntsville,  Ala- 
bama. Before  his  return  to  Iowa  Colonel  Godfrey  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  House  of  the  Eleventh  General  Assembly  on  the  Republican  ticket. 
In  the  spring  of  1866  he  completed  his  law  course  at  the  State  University 
at  Iowa  City  and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  served  as  city  so- 
licitor and  assistant  United  States  District  Attorney  for  several  years.  In 
1876  he  was  one  of  the  presidential  electors  chosen  by  the  Republicans.  In 
1870  he  was  appointed  receiver  of  the  United  States  Land  Office  at  Des 
Moines.  In  1882,  upon  the  creation  of  the  Utah  Commission,  Colonel 
Godfrey  was  appointed  a  member.  The  object  of  the  Commission  was  the 
suppression  of  polygamy  in  the  Territory.  The  Commission  consisted  of 
five  members  appointed  by  the  President,  was  non-partisan  and  had  super- 
vision of  all  elections.  The  membership  was  changed  from  time  to  time, 
with  the  exception  of  Colonel  Godfrey  who  served  during  three  adminis- 
trations and  was  for  four  years  president  of  the  Commission.  When  the 
Commission  was  established  to  superintend  the  erection  of  monuments  on 
the  battle-field  of  Shiloh,  Governor  Shaw  appointed  Colonel  Godfrey  one  of 
the  members.  In  1903  he  was  appointed  surveyor  of  the  port  of  Des 
.Moines. 

STEWART  GOODRELL  was  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  born  in  1813. 
He  was  a  mechanic  and  in  1842  came  to  the  new  Territory  of  Iowa,  mak- 
ing his  home  in  Washington  County.  He  became  an  active  Whig  politician 
and  in  the  spring  of  1846  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Second  Constitu- 
tional Convention  which  assembled  at  Iowa  City  on  the  4th  of  May  and 
framed  the  Constitution  under  which  Iowa  was  on  the  28th  of  December 
following  admitted  as  a  State.  He  was,  in  August  of  the  same  year,  elected 
to  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the  First  General  Assembly  where  he 
helped  to  frame  the  first  code  of  laws  for  the  new  State.  He  served  also 
in  an  extra  session  which  was  held  in  January,  1848,  was  reelected  and 
served  through  the  Second  General  Assembly.  On  the  3d  of  March,  1856, 
he  was  appointed  one  of  the  commissioners  to  locate  the  capital  of  the 
State  at  Des  Moines.     Here  he  purchased  property  and  soon  removed  to 


106  HISTORY 


that  city.  When  the  RepublicSin  party  was  organized  in  Iowa  he  be- 
came a  member  and  in  the  fall  of  1859,  was  again  elected  to  the  House 
of  the  Eighth  General  Assembly.  In  1869  he  was  appointed  United  States 
Pension  Agent  for  the  Des  Moines  District  and  died  in  November,  1872. 

JOSEPH  R.  GORRELL  was  born  in  Trumbull  County,  Ohio,  May  6, 
1835.  He  attended  medical  lectures  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  and 
at  Buffalo,  New  York,  where  he  graduated  in  1859.  The  doctor  was  a  sur- 
geon in  the  One  Hundred  Twenty-ninth  Indiana  Volunteers  in  the  Civil 
War,  and  later  held  the  same  position  in  the  Thirtieth  Regiment.  In  1865, 
Dr.  Gorrell  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Newton  where  he  resumed  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine.  In  1892  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  National 
Convention  at  Minneapolis  and  was  a  warm  supporter  of  Blaine  for  Presi- 
dent. In  1893,  Dr.  Gorrell  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  on  the  Repub- 
lican ticket  and  served  in  the  Twenty-fifth  and  Twenty-sixth  General  Assem- 
blies. He  was  a  radical  advocate  of  free  silver  in  the  presidential  campaign 
of  1896,  and  upon  the  expiration  of  his  first  term  in  the  Senate,  was  nom- 
inated by  the  opposition  to  the  Republican  party  and  elected  to  a  second 
term. 

JAIVIES  0.  GOWER  was  born  at  Abbott,  in  the  State  of  Maine,  on 
the  30th  of  May,  1834.  In  1839  he  came  with  his  father  to  Iowa  City 
which  became  his  home.  He  was  educated  at  Knox  College,  Illinois,  and 
at  the  Kentucky  Military  Institute.  He  then  engaged  in  the  banking  busi- 
ness with  his  father  at  Iowa  City.  In  June,  1861,  he  enlisted  Company 
F  for  the  First  Iowa  Cavalry  and  received  a  commission  as  captain.  In 
September  he  was  promoted  to  major  of  the  Second  Battalion  and  on  the 
26th  of  August,  1862,  he  became  colonel  of  the  regiment.  During  the  latter 
part  of  his  military  services  Colonel  Gower  was  in  command  of  a  brigade. 
He  was  an  able  and  accomplished  officer. 

HARVEY  GRAHAM  was  born  in  the  State  of  Pennsylvania  in  the 
year  1827  and  came  to  Iowa  many  years  before  the  War  of  the  Rebellion. 
He  was  a  mill-WTight  by  trade  and  lived  at  Iowa  City.  In  the  spring  of 
1861  he  was  chosen  first  lieutenant  of  Company  B  of  the  First  Iowa  In- 
fantry and  was  in  command  of  the  company  at  the  Battle  of  Wilson's 
Creek  where  he  was  wounded.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  Twenty- 
second  Iowa  Infantry  he  was  appointed  major  of  the  regiment  and  soon 
after  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel.  In  May,  1864,  he 
became  colonel  and  took  command  of  the  regiment,  serving  with  gallantry 
in  Sheridan's  campaign  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley.  He  remained  in  the 
service  to  the  close  of  the  war. 

BARLOW  GRANGER,  the  founder  of  the  first  newspaper  in  Des 
Moines,   is  a  native  of  the   State  of  New  York.     He  was  bom  in  Tioga 


"HE 
.V  YORK 
PUBLiC  LIBRARVI 


\ 


^  -^.  bytS  Mlhams  i/Erol^-" 


OF  IOWA  107 


County,  May  31,  1816,  and  when  twelve  years  of  age  his  father  removed  to 
Rochester  where  the  son  entered  the  printing  office  of  the  Cortland  Advo- 
cate. Young  Granger  worked  at  his  trade  in  New  York,  New  Haven, 
Cleveland  and  Detroit.  He  finally  went  to  Albany  and  was  for  a  long  time 
engaged  on  State  work,  where  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  the  famous  New 
York  politicians  and  statesmen  in  the  days  of  Martin  Van  Buren,  Thurlow 
Weed  and  Horace  Greeley.  Later  he  went  south  and  accepted  a  position  on 
the  Charleston  Courier.  In  1847  he  came  West,  obtaining  a  position  on  the 
8t.  Louis  Republican.  In  1848  he  came  to  Iowa  and,  having  studied  law  in 
New  York,  he  began  to  practice  in  Des  Moines,  also  carrying  on  real  estate 
business.  Finding  no  neAvspaper  in  the  place  he,  at  the  urgent  request  of 
Judge  Bates,  purchased  a  printing  outfit  at  Iowa  City  and  transporting  it 
by  wagon  to  Des  Moines  issued  the  first  number  of  the  lotoa  Star  in  July, 
1849,  using  for  a  printing  office  a  double  log  cabin  on  the  banks  of  the 
Raccoon  River,  formerly  one  of  the  fort  buildings.  He  served  on  the  staff 
of  Governor  Hempstead,  with  the  rank  of  colonel  from  1850  to  1854,  when 
he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney.  In  1855  he  was  elected  county  judge; 
and  has  been  mayor  of  Des  Moines. 

CHARLES  T.  GRANGER  was  born  in  Monroe  County,  New  York,  on 
the  9th  of  October,  1835.  His  parents  removed  to  Waukegan,  Illinois, 
while  he  was  a  child,  where  he  received  his  education.  He  was  reared  on 
a  farm  and  as  he  reached  manhood  decided  to  study  law.  In  1854  he  came 
to  Iowa  stopping  in  Allamakee  County  where  he  pursued  his  law  studies, 
teaching  school  winters.  In  1860  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  entered 
upon  practice  in  the  town  of  Mitchell,  Mitchell  County.  In  August,  1862, 
he  was  elected  captain  of  Company  K,  of  the  Twenty- seventh  Iowa  Volun- 
teer Infantry,  serving  for  three  years.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Yellow 
Bayou,  Tupelo,  Nashville  and  Mobile,  doing  excellent  service.  Upon  re- 
tiring from  the  army  he  located  at  Waukon,  Allamakee  County.  He  was 
elected  District  Attorney  in  1869,  serving  four  years,  when  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  and  served  in  that  position  until  January, 
1887,  when  he  was  chosen  judge  of  the  District  Court,  serving  until  Janu- 
ary, 1889.  He  was  elevated  to  the  position  of  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
and  was  Chief  Justice  in  1894  and  1895  and  Associate  Judge  until  January, 
1901.  In  1874  he  was  the  Republican  candidate  for  Congress  in  the 
Third  District  but  failed  of  election.  Judge  Granger  has  been  a  Republi- 
can since  the  organization  of  that  party. 

JAMES  GRANT  was  born  in  Halifax  County,  North  Carolina,  on 
the  12th  of  December,  1812.  He  was  prepared  to  enter  college  at  fourteen 
years  of  age  and  graduated  at  eighteen.  After  teaching  in  Raleigh  for  three 
years  he  went  west  and  in  1834  opened  a  law  office  in  Chicago.  He 
was  soon  after  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  of  the  Sixth  District  and 


108  HISTOEY 


in  1838  removed  to  Davenport,  settling  on  a  farna  near  the  little  village.  In 
1841  he  was  chosen  to  represent  Scott  County  in  the  Legislative  Assembly. 
In  1844  he  was  elected,  a  delegate  to  the  first  Constitutional  Convention 
and  took  an  active  part  in  framing  the  Constitution,  which  was  rejected. 
In  1846  he  was  a  member  of  the  second  convention  and  was  the  author  of 
the  "  bill  of  rights  "  in  that  instrument  under  which  Iowa  became  a  State. 
In  1847  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  District  Court,  serving  five  years.  In 
1852  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Legislature  and  chosen  Speaker  of  the 
House.  When  a  young  man  he  began  to  acquire  a  law  library  and  con- 
tinued to  add  to  it  through  mature  life  until  he  had  secured  the  largest 
and  best  selected  collection  of  law  books  in  the  West.  He  became  one  of 
the  great  lawyers  of  the  country  and  was  employed  in  some  of  the  most 
important  land  and  bond  cases  in  the  West.  In  one  railroad  case  he 
won  for  his  clients  a  million  dollars  and  received  for  his  services  $100,000. 
In  politics  he  was  a  life-long  Democrat. 

JULIUS  K.  GRAVES  was  born  in  Keene,  New  Hampshire,  September 
29,  1837.  He  received  a  common  school  education  and  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen came  to  Iowa,  becoming  a  resident  of  Dubuque  in  1854.  He  secured  a 
position  as  cashier  in  a  bank  and  in  1858  had  risen  to  the  head  of  the 
prosperous  banking  house  of  J.  K.  Graves  &  Co.  It  became  a  branch  of 
the  Iowa  State  Bank,  with  Mr.  Graves  as  manager.  He  engaged  largely 
in  other  business  enterprises  among  which  was  railroad  building.  He  was 
one  of  the  loyal  capitalists  who  in  the  beginning  of  the  Rebellion  volun- 
teered to  raise  the  money  required  by  Governor  Kirkwood  to  equip  and 
pay  the  first  volunteers  put  into  the  field.  He  was  one  of  the  active  pro- 
moters of  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad.  He  was  a  radical  Republi- 
can, living  in  a  strong  Democratic  county  but  when  a  candidate  for  the 
State  Senate  in  1881  he  overcame  an  adverse  majority  of  nearly  3,000  and 
was  elected.     He  died  at  Dubuque  on  the  9th  of  December,  1898. 

GEORGE  GREENE  was  a  native  of  England,  having  been  born  in 
Staffordshire  on  the  15th  of  April,  1817.  His  father  came  to  America 
wlien  the  son  was  but  two  years  old,  locating  in  western  New  York.  George 
Greene  received  a  good  education  and  studied  law  in  Buffalo.  In  the 
spring  of  1838  he  went  to  the  new  Territory  of  Iowa,  first  stopping  in 
Davenport,  where  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  Professor  D.  J.  Owen,  who 
was  engaged  in  making  a  geological  survey  of  Iowa  and  Wisconsin.  After 
working  on  the  survey  for  six  months  he  taught  school  at  Ivanhoe,  Linn 
County.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1840  and  began  to  practice  law 
in  Marion.  The  same  year  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Council  of  the 
Third  Legislative  Assembly,  serving  two  sessions.  In  1845  Mr.  Greene 
removed  to  Dubuque  and  soon  after  became  editor  of  the  Miners'  Express, 
which  he  conducted  about  three  years.     In  1847  he  was  appointed  by  the 


OF  IOWA  109 


Governor  one  of  the  Supreme  Judges  of  the  State,  serving  until  1855,  with 
marked  ability.  During  his  term  he  reported  the  decisions  of  the  court 
which  were  published  in  four  volumes  and  known  as  "  Greene's  Reports." 
In  1851  Judge  Greene  removed  to  Cedar  Rapids  where  he  engaged  in  bank- 
ing and  was  one  of  the  most  active  citizens  in  promoting  manufactures, 
education  and  railroad  building.  He  was  largely  instrumental  in  secur- 
ing the  construction  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  and  the  Burlington, 
Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  railroads  through  Cedar  Rapids.  In  politics  he 
was  a  Democrat  until  1872,  when  he  became  a  Republican. 

JAMES  W.  GRIMES,  third  Governor  of  Iowa,  was  born  at  Deering, 
New  Hampshire,  October  20,  1816.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  entered  Dart- 
mouth College  where  he  graduated  and  began  the  study  of  law.  In  1836 
he  came  to  the  "  Black  Hawk  Purchase,"  stopping  at  Bui-lington.  He 
served  as  secretary  to  Governor  Henry  Dodge  in  September  at  a  council 
held  with  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians  at  Rock  Island,  in  which  these  tribes 
ceded  to  the  United  States  a  tract  of  land  on  the  Iowa  and  Missouri  rivers. 
In  1837  Mr.  Grimes  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  was  soon  after  appointed 
city  solicitor.  He  entered  into  partnership  with  W.  W.  Chapman,  then 
United  States  District  Attorney  for  Wisconsin  Territory.  When  the  Terri- 
tory of  Iowa  was  established  in  1838,  Mr.  Grimes  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  House  of  the  First  Legislative  Assembly  at  the  age  of  twenty-two. 
He  was  appointed  chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee  and  was  one  of  the 
leaders  in  a  conflict  which  the  majority  had  with  Governor  Lucas  over  the 
respective  powers  of  the  executive  and  legislative  branches  of  the  Terri- 
torial government.  He  was  the  Whig  candidate  for  member  of  the  Council 
of  the  Third  Legislative  Assembly  but  was  defeated.  In  1843  he  was  again 
elected  a  member  of  the  House.  In  1852  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of 
the  Fourth  General  Assembly  and  was  the  recognized  leader  of  the  Whig 
minority.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  the  improvement  of  the  school 
system,  the  encouragement  of  railroad  building,  the  promotion  of  tem- 
perance and  opposition  to  the  extension  of  slavery.  In  1853  he  helped  to 
establish  the  first  agricultural  journal  in  the  State  and  was  one  of  its 
editors.  It  was  named  The  Iowa  Farmer  and  Horticulturist  and  was  pub- 
lished monthly  at  Burlington  by  Morgan  McKenny.  Mr.  Grimes  had  at- 
tained such  prominence  in  the  State  that  in  1854  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Whigs  for  Governor.  His  well-known  antislavery  views  rendered  him 
acceptable  to  all  who  were  opposed  to  the  extension  of  that  institution. 
That  issue  was  then  becoming  intense  and  while  many  conservative  Whigs 
united  with  the  Democrats,  all  classes  who  favored  "  free  soil  "  united  in 
the  support  of  Grimes  and  he  was  elected.  It  was  the  first  defeat  for  the 
Democrats  since  Iowa  was  organized  into  a  Territory.  In  January,  1856, 
Governor  Grimes  wrote  the  call  for  the  convention  which,  at  Iowa  City 
on  the  22d  of  February,  founded  the  Republican  party  of  Iowa.     After 


110  HISTORY 


serving  as  Governor  for  the  term  of  four  years,  Grimes  was  chosen  United 
States  Senator  by  the  Seventh  General  Assembly.  He  became  one  of  the 
leading  members  of  that  body  and  as  a  member  of  the  naval  committee 
was  a  power  in  sustaining  the  administration  of  Abraham  Lincoln  during 
the  Civil  War.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  advocates  of  the  employment 
of  slaves  in  the  Union  armies  and  of  their  emancipation.  As  chairman  of 
the  committee  on  the  District  of  Columbia,  in  July,  1861,  he  secured  the 
release  from  jail  of  all  slaves  held  by  their  masters.  In  1864  Senator 
Grimes  was  reelected.  After  the  overthrow  of  the  Rebellion,  Senator 
Grimes,  as  a  member  of  the  joint  committee  on  reconstruction  was  one  of 
the  number  who  devised  the  terms  upon  which  the  union  of  the  States 
was  restored.  He  was  largely  instrumental  in  securing  the  National  Arse- 
nal on  Rock  Island  and  the  construction  of  the  canal  for  steamers  around 
the  Des  Moines  Rapids  of  the  Mississippi  River.  On  the  trial  of  Presi- 
dent Johnson  in  the  impeachment  proceedings,  Senator  Grimes  rose  above 
party  clamor  and,  actuated  by  the  highest  considerations  as  a  judge,  voted 
"  not  guilty."  Such  was  the  clamor  of  Republicans  for  conviction  that  the 
great  Senator  was  assailed  with  a  storm  of  rage  and  abuse  of  the  most 
malignant  character,  by  his  own  party.  Conscious  of  his  own  rectitude, 
he  bore  the  reproaches  with  unshaken  fortitude.  He  would  not  become  a 
party  to  revolutionary  methods  of  removing  the  Chief  Executive  of  the 
Nation  at  the  demand  of  his  political  friends.  When  the  storm  of  rage 
and  disappointment  had  passed  and  reason  returned,  the  country  realized 
that  his  courageous  act  in  that  momentous  crisis  was  the  noblest  and 
most  heroic  of  his  official  deeds.  He  was  stricken  with  paralysis  and  made 
a  journey  to  Europe  hoping  to  restore  his  shattered  health;  but  failing 
in  that,  resigned  his  seat  in  the  Senate  and  returned  home  where  he  died 
on  the  7th  of  February,  1872.  Benton  J.  Hall,  a  life-long  political  oppon- 
ent, said  of  him  in  the  State  Senate: 

"  Perhaps  no  other  man  had  the  opportunity,  or  used  it  with  the  avail 
that  Senator  Grimes  did  to  form  and  mould  the  State  and  its  institutions. 
He  was  one  of  the  living  men  in  the  Territorial  legislation  and  early 
State  history.  Afterwards  we  find  the  same  master  mind  moulding  the 
affairs  of  the  National  Government.  I  doubt  whether  any  Senator  ever 
impressed  himself  in  a  greater  degree  upon  the  Government  in  all  direc- 
tions. Whether  in  regard  to  the  navy,  or  army,  or  foreign  relations,  he 
made  himself  master  of  the  subject,  and  left  his  impress  upon  almost  every 
page  of  the  histoiy  of  the  Nation." 

The  veteran  Congressman  George  W.  Julian  wrote  of  Senator  Grimes, 
after  his  death: 

"  I  was  one  of  the  many  men  whose  partisan  exasperation  carried 
them  headlong  into  the  impeachment  movement,  in  which  the  heroic  con- 
duct of  Senator  Grimes  has  been  so  gloriously  vindicated  by  time;  and  no 
man  is  more  ready  than  myself  to  do  honor  to  the  brave  men  who  faced 
the  wrath  and  scorn  of  their  party  in  1868." 


BENJAMIN    F.    GUE 


OF  IOWA  111 


JOSIAH  B.  GRINNELL  was  born  in  New  Haven,  Vermont,  in  1822. 
He  received  a  liberal  education,  graduating  at  Oneida  College,  New  York. 
He  then  took  the  course  in  theology  at  Auburn  and  became  a  Congre- 
gational minister,  preaching  several  years  at  Washington  and  New  York 
City.  In  the  winter  of  1853  he  projected  a  colony  to  settle  in  the  West 
and  in  May,  1854,  went  to  Iowa  City  with  members  of  the  colony  to  pro- 
cure wild  lands.  He  selected  several  thousand  acres  in  Poweshiek  County 
which  were  entered  and  the  town  of  Grinnell  laid  out.  A  college  was  pro- 
jected which  in  time  was  realized  in  Iowa  College.  Mr.  Grinnell  helped 
to  organize  a  Congregational  church  and  was  its  first  minister.  In  1856 
he  began  his  political  career  by  acting  as  a  delegate  to  the  convention 
which  organized  the  Republican  party  of  Iowa.  In  the  fall  of  that  year 
he  was  the  Republican  candidate  for  State  Senator  from  the  district  con- 
sisting of  the  counties  of  Poweshiek,  Jasper,  Marshall  and  Tama.  He 
was  elected,  serving  four  years.  In  1860  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Repub- 
lican National  Convention  which  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for  Presi- 
dent. In  1862  Mr.  Grinnell  was  elected  to  Congress  from  the  Fourth  Dis- 
trict and  in  1864  was  reelected,  serving  four  years.  He  was  at  one  time 
a  prominent  candidate  for  nomination  for  Governor  and  later  for  United 
States  Senator,  but  without  success.  In  1872  Mr.  Grinnell  united  with 
the  "  Liberal  Republicans  "  and  Democrats  in  supporting  Horace  Greeley 
for  President  as  against  General  Grant.  He  was  one  of  the  promoters  of 
the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa  and  the  first  president  of  that  company.  Mr. 
Grinnell  was  an  enthusiastic  worker  for  the  development  of  his  adopted 
State  and  the  city  which  bore  his  name,  as  well  as  the  college  he  had 
helped  to  establish. 

(Condensed  from  "The  Progressive  Men  of  Iowa.") 

BENJAMIN  F.  GUE  was  born  in  Greene  County,  New  York,  on  the 
25th  of  December,  1828.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools, 
with  two  terms  in  academies  of  Canandaigua  and  West  Bloomfield.  He 
taught  school  in  the  winter  of  1851  and  early  in  March,  1852,  came  to 
Iowa  and  bought  a  claim  on  Rock  Creek  in  Scott  County.  He  was  an 
Abolitionist  and  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  antislavery  movements  of  that 
period.  Mr.  Gue  was  one  of  the  delegates  sent  from  Scott  County  to  the 
convention  which  assembled  at  Iowa  City  on  the  22d  of  February,  1856, 
to  organize  the  Republican  party  of  Iowa.  In  1857  he  was  chosen  by  the 
Republicans  as  one  of  the  Representatives  in  the  Seventh  General  Assem- 
bly. He  was  one  of  the  authors  of  the  act  to  establish  a  State  Agricultural 
College  and  was  selected  to  fight  the  bill  through  the  House  Against  an 
adverse  report  of  the  committee  of  ways  and  means.  He  was  reelected  at 
the  expiration  of  his  first  term  and  in  1861  was  elected  to  the  Senate  for 
four  years.  In  that  body  he  was  the  author  of  two  important  bills:  to 
prohibit  the  circulation  of  foreign  bank  bills  in  Iowa,  and  the  law  devised 


112  HISTORY 


to  secure  an  immediate  income  from  the  Agricultural  College  Land  Grant, 
without  sacrificing  the  lands.  By  the  adoption  of  this  plan  Iowa  secured 
for  all  time  a  larger  income  for  support  of  the  college  than  any  State 
having  the  same  amount  of  land.  At  the  close  of  his  term  in  1884,  Mr. 
Gue  removed  to  Fort  Dodge,  purchased  the  only  newspaper  establishment 
where  for  eight  years  he  published  a  Republican  paper.  In  1865  he  was 
appointed  postmaster  of  Fort  Dodge  but  resigned  in  the  fall  of  that  year, 
having  been  nominated  by  the  Republican  State  Convention  for  Lieuten- 
ant-Governor. In  1866  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  the  State  Agricultural  College  and  for  several  years  gave  a  large  por- 
tion of  his  time  to  the  building  and  organization  of  the  college.  He  car- 
ried a  proposition  through  the  board  for  the  admission  of  girls  as  students, 
against  strong  opposition.  As  a  member  of  the  committee  on  organiza- 
tion, he  visited  the  Agricultural  Colleges  of  the  country  and  was  instru- 
mental in  selecting  President  Welch  and  the  first  corps  of  professors.  Mr. 
Gue  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  growth  of  this  college  and 
by  voice  and  pen  defended  and  supported  it  through  all  of  the  years  of  its 
existence.  In  1872  he  removed  to  Des  Moines  and  became  editor  of  the 
Iowa  Homestead.  Receiving  the  appointment  of  United  States  Pension 
Agent  of  Iowa  and  Nebraska  from  President  Grant,  he  gave  his  entire  time 
to  the  duties  of  that  position  for  eight  years.  Upon  retiring  in  1881  he 
again  became  editor  of  the  Homestead.  For  more  than  fifteen  years  he 
took  an  active  part  in  the-  political  campaigns  as  a  pviblic  speaker  for  the 
Republican  party.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  "  Iowa  Unitarian 
Association,"  of  the  "Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association,"  and  is  author  of  a 
History  of  Iowa. 

DAVID  J.  GUE  was  born  in  Farmington,  Ontario  County,  New  York, 
January  17,  1836.  He  acquired  a  common  school  education  with  one  year 
at  an  academy.  In  1853  he  came  to  Iowa  and  assisted  an  older  brother  on 
a  farm  in  Scott  County.  He  studied  law  in  Tipton  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1860.  In  1862,  as  counsel  for  J.  S.  Maxwell,  he  won  a  noted  case  for 
his  client  whose  seat  in  the  General  Assembly  was  contested  by  Milo  Smith, 
who  retained  Judge  C.  C.  Cole.  Mr.  Gue  was  chosen  assistant  secretary  of  the 
Senate  at  that  session.  In  1859  he  connected  his  name  imperishably 
with  history,  in  a  secret  effort  to  save  the  lives  of  John  Brown  and  his 
companions  who  were  then  organizing  the  "  raid "  on  Harper's  Ferry. 
The  particulars  of  this  episode  are  to  be  found  in  Vol.  II.  of  this 
history.  When  a  small  boy  David  J.  had  possessed  a  remarkable  talent  for 
pencil  sketching,  especially  of  portraits.  In  1865  he  located  at  Fort 
Dodge  in  the  drug  business.  But  his  love  for  art  grew  with  the  years 
and  he  finally  sold  out  and  gave  his  attention  to  portrait  painting.  Among 
his  Iowa  work  are  portraits  of  John  A.  Kasson,  Bishop  H.  W.  Lee,  Gover- 
nors Merrill,  Carpenter  and  Larrabee;  Chief  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court 


OF  IOWA  113 


J.  M.  Beck,  J.  R.  Reed  and  C.  C.  Cole.  Settling  in  New  York  many  years 
ago,  his  most  notable  portraits  were  Ex-President  Millard  Fillmore,  Gen- 
eral U.  S.  Grant,  Henry  Ward  Beecher,  Lyman  Abbott,  Nellie,  daughter  of 
President  Arthur.  In  1898  Mr.  Gue  visited  the  art  centers  of  Europe, 
making  studies  of  many  notable  places.  He  has  attained  remarkable  suc- 
cess in  marine  painting.  D.  N.  Richardson,  editor  of  the  Davenport  Demo- 
crat wrote  of  Mr.  Gue  as  an  artist: 

"  It  was  not  until  he  was  twenty-four  years  old  that  he  saw  an  oil 
painting.  After  twelve  years  of  work  as  a  portrait  painter  in  New  York, 
he  occupies  a  position  that  many  of  the  hardest  working  students  of  the 
best  foreign  masters  have  failed  to  attain." 

EDWARD  A.  GUILBERT  was  born  at  Waukegan,  Illinois,  June  12, 
1827.  He  studied  medicine,  taking  up  his  residence  in  Dubuque,  Iowa,  in 
1857,  where  he  became  one  of  the  foremost  homeopathic  practitioners  in 
the  State.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  he  was  appointed  Surgeon 
of  the  Board  of  Enrollment  of  the  Third  District.  In  1864  he  recruited  a 
company  which  was  incorporated  into  the  Forty-sixth  Iowa  Volunteers. 
Dr.  Guilbert  was  especially  prominent  as  a  Mason,  in  which  order  he 
served  in  all  of  the  high  offices.  For  several  years  he  edited  and  published 
a  magazine  called  TJie  Evergreen  which  was  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity.  In  1872  he  was  nominated  by  the  Liberal  Republicans 
and  Democrats  for  Secretary  of  State  but  was  defeated.  He  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  and  at  one  time  its  presi- 
dent, the  first  homeopathist  to  hold  that  position.  He  was  a  prominent 
and  influential  member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  His  death 
occurred  at  Dubuque  on  the  4th  of  March,  1900. 

FRANCIS  GUITTAR  was  one  of  the  first  white  men  to  make  a  home 
in  western  Iowa.  He  was  born  in  St.  Louis  September  25,  1809,  and  was 
of  French  descent.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  Francis  obtained  a  position  on 
a  steamer  owned  by  the  American  Fur  Company  and  made  trips  up  the 
Missouri  River  along  the  west  border  of  the  future  State  of  Iowa.  He 
soon  acquired  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  fur  trade  and  was  appointed  in 
1827  agent  at  "  Traders  Point,"  where  Council  Bluffs  stands.  Here  he 
lived  and  transacted  the  business  of  that  famous  company  for  twenty- 
three  years.  On  his  arrival  he  found  the  trading  posts  to  consist  of  two 
log  buildings  and  a  few  tents.  The  country  was  occupied  by  various 
tribes  of  Indians  who  came  with  hides  of  deer,  elk,  buffalo  and  furs  to  ex- 
change for  ammunition  and  goods.  Mr.  Guittar  was  honorable  in  his 
dealings  and  never  sought  to  defraud  the  Indians  but  won  their  confidence 
and  enduring  friendship.  He  was  chosen  by  the  Pawnees  as  one  of  their  war 
chiefs  and  led  them  in  a  battle  with  the  Sioux  which  was  fought  near  where 
the  town  of  Fremont  stands.     When  the  fur  trade  was  abandoned  in  that 

[Vol.  4] 


114  HISTORY 


region  ]Mr.  Guittar  established  a  store  in  the  old  Mormon  town  of  Kanes- 
ville  in  a  log  building  which  stood  at  the  corner  of  Broadway  and  Main 
streets  in  the  city  of  Council  Bluffs.     He  died  in  that  city  in  May,  1896. 

WILLIAM  H.  F.  GURLEY  was  born  in  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1830. 
When  a  lad  he  was  chosen  clerk  of  a  committee  on  which  Abraham  Lincoln, 
who  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  was  serving.  He  was 
a  favorite  with  the  tall,  awkward  member  from  Illinois,  who  never  forgot 
the  bright,  black-eyed  boy  clerk  of  his  committee.  When  but  sixteen  years 
of  age,  young  Gurley  accompanied  Dr.  Owen  of  the  United  States  Geo- 
logical Survey  on  one  of  his  exploring  expeditions  to  the  far  west,  where 
he  obtained  his  first  view  of  the  great,  wild  prairies  of  Iowa  as  they  were 
in  1846-7.  He  was  so  fascinated  with  the  beauty  of  the  picturesque  rivers, 
woods,  bluffs  and  rolling  prairie,  that  he  then  determined  some  day  to  re- 
turn and  make  his  home  in  the  new  State.  In  1854  he  came  to  Davenport 
and  opened  a  law  office.  He  was  an  active  Republican  and  in  1859  was 
nominated  for  Representative  in  the  Eighth  General  Assembly  and  elected. 
He  was  made  chairman  of  the  committee  of  ways  and  means  and  drafted 
the  revenue  system  which  for  many  years  has  been  so  successful  in  pro- 
viding- funds  for  the  State  expenses.  Soon  after  the  election  of  Abraham 
Lincoln,  the  first  Republican  President,  he  tendered  to  his  former  commit- 
tee clerk  the  position  of  United  States  District  Attorney  for  Iowa.  His 
health  failed  under  the  pressure  of  the  exacting  labors  of  that  position, 
after  a  few  years,  and  he  found  it  necessary  to  resign.  He  was  appointed 
Consul  to  Quebec,  but  a  fatal  malady  had  overtaken  him  and  after  a  short 
term  he  died.  He  was  cut  down  on  the  threshold  of  what  promised  to  be  a 
useful  and  brilliant  career  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-five. 

A.  L.  EAGER  was  born  near  Jamestown,  Chautauqua  County,  New 
York,  October  29,  1850.  In  the  spring  of  1859  his  father  came  to  Iowa 
and  located  near  Cottonville  in  Jackson  County.  The  son  received  his 
education  in  high  school  and  in  the  fall  of  1874  entered  the  Law  Depart- 
ment of  the  State  University  at  Iowa  City  where  he  graduated  in  1875. 
He  removed  to  Greenfield  in  Adair  County  where  he  opened  a  law  office. 
In  the  fall  of  1891  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republican  Convention  of  the 
Sixteenth  District,  composed  of  INIadison  and  Adair  counties,  for  State 
Senator,  was  elected,  serving  two  years,  when  he  was  elected  Representative 
in  Congress  from  the  Ninth  District.  He  was  reelected  in  1894  and  again 
in  1896,  serving  six  years.  He  presided  over  the  Republican  State  Con- 
vention in  1892. 

AUGUSTUS  HALL  was  born  at  Batavia,  New  York,  April  29,  1814, 
and  spent  his  boyhood  on  his  father's  farm.  After  securing  a  good  edu- 
cation he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.     After  removing  to 


OF  IOWA  115 


Ohio  he  was  elected  county  attorney  in  1840,  serving  two  years.  In  1844 
he  removed  to  Iowa,  settling  at  Keosauqua,  Van  Buren  County,  where  he 
opened  a  law  office.  In  1852  he  was  chosen  by  the  Democrats  one  of  the 
presidential  electors  and  cast  his  vote  for  Franklin  Pierce.  In  1854  he 
was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Congress  in  the  First  District  and  was 
elected  over  E.  L.  B.  Clark,  Whig.  He  served  but  one  term,  being  defeated 
at  the  election  of  1856  by  Samuel  R.  Curtis  the  Republican  candidate.  Mr. 
Hall  removed  to  Nebraska  where  he  was,  in  1857,  elected  Chief  Justice  of 
the  Supreme  Court.     He  died  in  that  State  in  February,   1861. 

BENTON  J.  HALL  was  the  son  of  Judge  J.  C.  Hall  who  was  one  of  the 
early  judges  of  the  Iowa  Supreme  Court.  Benton  J.  was  born  at  Mount 
Vernon,  Knox  County,  Ohio,  on  the  13th  of  January,  1835,  receiving  his 
education  at  Knox  College  and  the  Miami  University  in  Ohio.  In  1839  his 
father  came  with  his  family  to  the  newly  organized  Territory  of  Iowa, 
opening  a  law  office  in  Burlington,  where  his  son,  Benton  J.,  began  the 
study  of  that  profession  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857.  In  1871 
he  was  elected,  on  the  Democratic  ticket,  to  the  House  of  Representatives 
of  the  Fourteenth  General  Assembly,  his  colleague  being  John  H.  Gear,  lu 
1881  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate,  serving  four  years.  In  1884  he  was 
elected  to  Congress  in  the  First  District,  serving  one  term,  being  the  first 
Democrat  chosen  from  that  District  for  thirty  years.  In  1886  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  President  Cleveland  Commissioner  of  Patents,  and  conducted 
the  affairs  of  that  office  with  distinguished  ability.  As  a  lawyer  Mr. 
Hall  ranked  high  and  as  a  citizen  he  commanded  the  respect  of  all  classes. 
He  died  on  the  5th  of  January,  1894. 

JONATHAN  C.  HALL  was  born  at  Batavia,  New  York,  February  27, 
1808,  and  was  reared  on  a  farm.  He  attended  district  school  winters  and 
a  few  terms  at  Wyoming  Academy.  He  taught  school  three  winters  and 
helped  to  survey  several  new  counties.  In  1828  he  began  to  study  law, 
removed  to  Ohio  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Columbus.  In  1839  he 
came  to  Iowa  Territory  and  a  year  later  opened  a  law  office  at  Mount 
Pleasant  where  in  a  few  years  he  acquired  a  large  practice,  attending 
courts  in  eleven  counties.  In  1844  he  was  chosen  a  delegate  to  the  First 
Constitutional  Convention  and  was  one  of  the  prominent  framers  of  the 
Constitution  that  was  rejected.  Soon  after  he  removed  to  Burlington  and 
in  1854  was  appointed  Supreme  Judge  to  fill  a  vacancy.  In  1855  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  Railroad  Company  and 
was  one  of  the  influential  promoters  of  that  line.  In  1857  he  was  again 
a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Convention  which  framed  our  present  Con- 
stitution. He  was  one  of  the  authors  of  the  State  Board  of  Education 
which  was  provided  for  in  that  instrument.  In  1859  he  Avas  elected  to  the 
Eighth  General  Assembly  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  enactment  of 


116  HISTORY 


the  Code  of  1860.  In  politics  Judge  Hall  was  a  Democrat;  as  a  lawyer, 
judge  and  legislator,  he  had  few  equals  in  the  State  he  served  so  long  and 
well.    He  died  June  11,  1874. 

MOSES  M.  HAM,  journalist  and  Senator,  was  born  at  Lyman,  York 
County,  Maine,  on  the  23d  of  March,  1833.  He  removed  to  the  State 
of  New  York  where  his  early  education  was  acquired  at  Lima  Seminary.  He 
then  entered  Union  College  at  Schenectady  where  he  graduated  in  1855. 
In  1857  he  engaged  in  journalism,  which  became  his  life  work.  He  came 
to  Iowa  in  September,  1863,  locating  at  Dubuque,  where  the  following 
year  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Dubuque  Herald,  one  of  the  leading 
Democratic  journals  of  the  State.  The  Herald  was  always  a  live  paper 
which  could  give  and  take  hard  blows  in  political  conflicts.  Mr.  Ham 
was  one  of  the  leaders  of  his  party  and  for  sixteen  years  was  a  member 
of  the  National  Democratic  Committee  for  Iowa.  He  took  a  deep  interest 
in  education  and  was  for  a  long  time  president  of  the  Dubuque  school 
board  and  one  of  the  regents  of  the  State  University.  In  1877,  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  for  a  term  of  four  years,  serving  in  the  Seven- 
teenth and  Eighteenth  General  Assemblies.  In  March,  1896,  Mr.  Ham  con- 
tributed to  the  Annals  of  Jotoa  the  most  valuable  historical  article  on 
Julien  Dubuque,  "  The  First  White  Man  in  Iowa,"  that,  so  far  as  I  am  in- 
formed, has  ever  been  written.  It  contained  many  heretofore  unpublished 
facts  relating  to  that  settlement  which,  dating  from  soon  after  the  close 
of  the  War  of  the  American  Revolution  (1788),  must  be  for  all  time 
of  deep  interest  to  Iowa  people.  In  1899,  Mr.  Ham  disposed  of  a  large 
interest  in  the  Herald  establishment  and  retired  from  its  management  after 
thirty-tive  years  of  continuous  service.  His  son.  Colonel  Clifford  D.  Ham, 
succeeded  to  the  editorial  control  of  the  daily  Herald.  Mr.  Ham  died  at  his 
home  in  Dubuque  on  the  25th  of  December,   1902. 

JOHN  T.  HAMILTON  was  born  near  Geneseo,  Henry  County,  Illinois, 
on  the  16th  of  October,  1843.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  but 
an  ordinary  education.  He  removed  to  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa,  in  1868  and 
engaged  in  the  sale  of  farm  machinery.  He  has  served  on  the  board  of 
supervisors,  mayor  of  Cedar  Rapids,  president  of  Cedar  Rapids  Savings 
Bank  and  director  of  the  Electric  Light  Company.  In  1885  he  was  elected 
on  the  Democratic  ticket  one  of  the  Representatives  in  the  Legislature, 
and  was  twice  reelected,  serving  six  years  in  the  House.  In  1890  he  was 
elected  Speaker  of  the  House  of  the  Twenty-third  General  Assembly.  In 
October  of  the  same  year  he  was  elected  to  Congress  for  the  Fifth  District 
on  the  Democratic  ticket  over  George  R.  Struble,  Republican,  serving  but 
one  term.  He  was  a  candidate  for  reelection  in  1892  but  was  defeated  by 
R.  G.  Cousins,  Republican. 


MOSES  M.   HAM 


THE 
NEW  YORK       \\ 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

^  Astor,  Lenox  and  Tilden  jj 
Foundat>oa$. 


OF   IOWA  117 


WILLIAM  W.  HAMILTON  was  a  native  of  England  and  located  at 
Dubuque,  upon  his  arrival  in  America,  in  1845.  He  was  a  good  lawyer 
and  took  a  deep  interest  in  all  public  affairs,  including  education  and  poli- 
tics. In  1849  he  was  elected  probate  judge  of  Dubuque  County,  serving 
in  that  capacity  until  1852,  when  the  probate  business  was,  by  the  new 
Code,  turned  over  to  the  county  judges  of  the  several  counties.  In  1854 
Judge  Hamilton  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  the  northeastern  dis- 
trict which  consisted  of  the  counties  of  Dubuque,  Delaware,  Buchanan, 
Black  Hawk,  Grundy,  Butler,  Bremer,  Clayton,  Fayette,  Allamakee,  Win- 
neshiek, Howard,  Mitchell,  Floyd  and  Chickasaw.  Before  the  meeting  of 
the  Sixth  General  Assembly,  the  senatorial  district  had  been  divided  and 
the  counties  of  Dubuque  and  Delaware  made  the  Thirty-first  District,  from 
which  Judge  Hamilton  was  chosen  to  the  Senate  for  four  years.  At  the 
convening  of  the  Sixth  General  Assembly,  the  Democrats  were  in  a  minor- 
ity in  the  Senate  and  Judge  Hamilton,  who  was  a  Whig,  was  elected 
president.  He  was  a  popular  and  able  presiding  officer  and  when  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  was  organizing  many  new  counties  and  deciding  upon  their 
names,  the  rare  compliment  was  extended  to  the  presiding  officer,  of  giving 
his  name  to  the  new  county  taken  from  the  old  coimty  of  Webster.  In  the 
meantime,  before  the  next  General  Assembly  was  chosen,  the  new  Con- 
stitution of  1857  was  framed  and  adopted  and  new  districts  arranged,  so 
that  Judge  Hamilton,  with  others,  was  thrown  out,  having  served  but 
half  the  time  for  which  he  had  been  chosen. 

WILLIAM  G.  HAMMOND  was  born  at  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  May 
3,  1829.  He  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  in  1849  from  Amherst, 
read  law  in  Brooklyn  and  New  York  for  three  years  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1851,  practicing  in  those  cities  until  1856.  He  then  went  abroad 
for  two  years  and  returning  in  1858,  soon  went  to  Iowa,  joining  an  en- 
gineering party  and  working  his  way  to  the  position  of  chief  engineer  in  a 
new  railroad  enterprise.  He  was  later  professor  of  languages  in  Bowen 
Collegiate  Institute  at  Hopkinton  for  a  year.  In  1863  he  resumed  the  prac- 
tice of  law  at  Anamosa  and  three  years  later  removed  to  Des  Moines, 
where  he  became  associated  with  Judges  Wright  and  Cole  in  the  Iowa  Law 
School.  In  1868  this  institution  was  removed  to  Iowa  City  and  became 
the  Law  Department  of  the  State  University  with  Mr.  Hammond  in  charge ; 
he  became  Chancellor  in  1870  and  the  following  year  was  appointed  one  of 
the  Commissioners  to  codify  the  laws  of  Iowa.  He  received  the  degree  of 
LL.D.  from  Iowa  College  in  1870  and  also  from  Amherst  in  1877.  In  1881 
Dr.  Hammond  resigned  his  position  in  the  State  University  and  became 
Dean  of  the  St.  Louis  Law  School  which  he  retained  until  his  death,  April 
12,  1894.  In  the  history  of  the  common  law  he  was  recognized  as  an 
authority  without  a  superior  in  the  United  States.     He  published  a  Digest 


118  HISTORY 


of  the  Decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Iowa,  an  edition  of  Blackstone's 
Commentaries  and  other  works.  From  1889  he  was  at  the  head  of  the 
committee  on  legal  education  of  the  American  Bar  Association.  He  was 
for  several  years  president  of  the  State  Historical  Society. 

PHILIP  C.  HANNA  was  born  in  Waterloo,  Iowa,  June  27,  1857.  He 
was  educated  for  a  Methodist  minister  and  was  engaged  several  years  in 
that  work.  In  1889  he  was  appointed  by  President  Harrison  United  States 
Consul  General  for  Venezuela  and  during  the  administration  of  that  office 
won  world-wide  fame  for  his  energetic  action  in  securing  the  release  from 
imprisonment  of  the  consuls  of  Russia,  France,  Belgium  and  several  other 
nations.  These  consuls  were  seized  by  the  dictator  of  that  country  and 
held  for  large  ransoms,  but  through  the  prompt  measures  taken  by  ^ir. 
Hanna  were  released.  For  this  act  Consul  Haiuia  received  the  thanks  of 
twenty-one  nations  for  rescuing  their  consuls  and  citizens.  After  the 
overthrow  of  the  dictator  the  Congress  of  Venezuela  conferred  upon  Mr. 
Hanna  the  rank  of  count.  In  1897  Mr.  Hanna  was  appointed  Consul  Gen- 
eral to  Porto  Rico  and  rendered  distinguished  services  to  our  country 
during  the  war  with  Spain.  After  peace  was  restored  Mr.  Hanna  was 
appointed  Consul  General  at  Monterey  in  Mexico. 

JAMES  HARLAN  was  born  in  Clarke  County,  Illinois,  August  26, 
1820.  His  father  removed  to  Park  County,  Indiana,  three  years  later  where 
the  son  was  reared  on  a  farm.  He  graduated  at  Asbury  University  in 
1845.  In  1846  Mr.  Harlan  located  at  Iowa  City  where  he  studied  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1847  he  was  nominated  by  the  Whig  party 
for  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  and  was  elected  over  Charles 
Mason,  the  Democratic  candidate.  In  1849,  at  the  Whig  State  Conven- 
tion, Mr.  Harlan  was  nominated  for  Governor  but  not  being  eligible  on 
account  of  youth,  he  declined,  and  another  candidate  was  named  by  the 
State  Central  Committee.  In  1853  he  was  chosen  president  of  the  Wes- 
leyan  University  at  Mount  Pleasant.  At  the  session  of  the  Fifth  General 
Assembly  in  1855,  after  a  long  and  exciting  contest  for  election  of  United 
States  Senator,  the  \Miigs  and  Free  Soil  members  united  upon  Mr.  Harlan 
and,  casting  their  votes  for  him,  he  was  declared  elected  for  six  years  to 
succeed  General  Dodge.  His  election  was  contested  in  the  Senate  and  the 
seat  was  declared  vacant,  in  1857.  The  Legislature  being  in  session,  Mr. 
Harlan  was  promptly  reelected.  In  1861  he  was  elected  for  a  second  term 
of  six  years.  In  March,  1865,  he  was  invited  to  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet  of 
President  Lincoln  as  Secretary  of  the  Interior  but  did  not  enter  upon  the 
duties  of  the  position  until  May  15,  when  he  resigned  his  seat  in  the 
Senate.  In  the  meantime  the  President  had  been  assassinated  and  was 
succeeded  by  Andrew  Johnson.  In  September,  Mr.  Harlan  resigned  his 
seat  in  the  Cabinet  and  in  January,  1866,  was  again  elected  to  the  Senate 


OF  IOWA  119 


for  six  years.  During  his  long  service  in  the  Senate  Mr.  Harlan  became 
one  of  the  foremost  leaders  of  the  Republican  party.  Serving  during  all 
of  the  years  in  which  the  momentous  issues  of  slavery,  secession,  rebellion 
and  reconstruction  were  absorbing  the  profound  attention  of  the  ablest 
statesmen  of  America,  he  was  called  upon  to  assist  in  solving  the  most 
difficult  problems  that  have  arisen  since  the  formation  of  our  Government 
and  was  equal  to  the  occasion.  How  wisely  and  ably  he  and  his  colleagues 
guided  the  Nation  through  its  imminent  dangers  is  recorded  in  history. 
Among  the  foremost  statesmen  of  that  period  the  name  of  James  Harlan 
will  always  stand  conspicuous.  During  the  administration  of  President 
Grant,  Senators  Sumner  and  Schurz,  who  were  among  the  great  leaders  of 
the  Republican  party  for  many  years,  became  alienated  from  the  President 
and  organized  an  opposition  in  the  Senate  which  assailed  the  Administra- 
tion and  its  chief  measures,  with  great  bitterness.  President  Grant  had 
negotiated  a  treaty  with  the  government  of  San  Domingo,  by  which  that 
island  desired  to  be  annexed  to  the  United  States  on  favorable  terms  to 
our  Nation.  Svimner,  Schurz  and  a  few  other  Senators  dominated  by  their 
influence,  formed  a  combination  which  was  strong  enough  to  defeat  the 
ratification  of  the  treaty.  In  a  studied  speech  Sumner  assailed  President 
Grant  personally  in  one  of  the  most  abusive  speeches  ever  delivered  in  the 
Senate,  in  connection  with  this  treaty.  Senator  Harlan  in  a  calm,  able 
and  statesmanlike  address,  made  a  masterly  reply  in  vindication  of  Presi- 
dent Grant  and  his  patriotic  services  to  the  country  in  civil  and  military 
affairs,  and  the  wisdom  of  the  policy  that  would  have  given  to  the  Nation 
one  of  the  most  important  and  productive  islands  of  the  West  Indies. 
This  speech  of  the  senior  Iowa  Senator  made  a  profound  impression  upon 
the  country  and  Europe  and  placed  him  in  the  front  rank  of  patriotic 
American  statesmen.  As  his  third  term  drew  to  a  close,  a  powerful 
movement  was  organized  by  the  northern  half  of  the  State  (which  had 
long  been  unrepresented  in  the  Senate)  to  secure  the  election  of  a  member 
living  in  that  section.  William  B.  Allison  was  the  candidate  united  upon 
and  in  the  Republican  caucus  he  was  nominated  over  Mr.  Harlan  and 
elected.  Senator  Harlan  had  for  nearly  eighteen  years  served  as  the  col- 
league of  such  eminent  statesmen  as  Seward,  Douglas,  Sumner,  Fessenden, 
Edmunds,  Bayard,  Jefferson  Davis,  Mason,  Grimes  and  Henry  Wilson.  He 
was  a  trusted  adviser  of  Presidents  Lincoln  and  Grant.  His  knowledge 
of  the  affairs  of  government  was  unsurpassed.  As  a  public  speaker  he 
was  calm,  deliberate,  logical  and  impressive.  After  his  retirement  to  pri- 
vate life,  Mr.  Harlan  was,  from  1882  to  1885,  the  Presiding  Judge  of  the 
Alabama  Claims  Commission.  He  was  one  of  the  commissioners  who 
erected  the  Iowa  Soldiers'  Monument.  His  last  act  in  a  public  capacity  was 
presiding  at  the  laying  of  the  corner-stone  of  the  Iowa  Hall  of  History, 
May  17,  1899.  He  died  at  Mount  Pleasant  on  the  6th  of  October  of  the 
same  year. 


120  HISTORY 


W.  F.  HARRIMAN  was  born  in  Warner,  New  Hampshire,  August 
16,  1841.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town  and  in  the  New  London  Literary  and  Scientific  Institution.  He 
worked  on  a  farm  and  taught  school  until  his  parents  removed  to  Iowa 
in  1860,  when  he  began  to  read  law.  In  1869  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
at  Charles  City  and  settled  in  Cherokee  where  he  began  practice.  He 
soon  became  a  large  land  owner  and  planted  the  first  artificial  grove  in  that 
county.  In  1876  he  removed  to  Hampton  in  Franklin  County  where  he 
resumed  the  practice  of  law.  Retiring  from  active  practice  in  1888,  Mr. 
Harriman  engaged  extensively  in  farming  and  stock  raising.  In  1891  he 
was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  Representative  in  the  House  of  the 
Twenty-fourth  General  Assembly,  serving  by  reelection  also  in  the  Twenty- 
fifth  General  Assembly.  In  1895  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  from  the 
district  composed  of  the  counties  of  Cerro  Gordo,  Hancock  and  Franklin, 
serving  in  the  Twenty-sixth  and  Twenty-seventh  General  Assemblies.  He 
was  the  author  of  the  act  creating  the  Department  of  Agriculture. 

ELDEN  J.  HARTSHORN,  soldier  and  legislator,  was  born  in  Lunen- 
burg, Vermont,  June  16,  1842.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and 
St.  Johnsbury  Academy  where  he  prepared  for  college.  In  1862  he  en- 
listed in  Company  E,  Fifteenth  Vermont  Volunteers,  and  was  soon  pro- 
moted to  second  lieutenant.  He  was  offered  a  West  Point  cadetship,  but 
declined  to  leave  the  service.  In  1864  Lieutenant  Hartshorn  was  promoted 
to  captain  of  Company  G,  Seventeenth  Vermont  Infantry  and  joined  Burn- 
side's  Ninth  Army  Corps  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  The  regiment  was 
in  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  Tolopotomy  Creek,  North 
Anna  River,  Bethesda  Church,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg  and  the  fall  of 
Richmond.  At  the  close  of  the  war  Captain  Hartshorn  studied  law,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1869  and  coming  west  the  following  year,  located 
at  Emmetsburg,  in  Palo  Alto  County,  Iowa.  Here  he  was  land  agent  for 
the  Milwaukee  Railroad  and  represented  many  non-resident  land  owners. 
In  1873  he  was  elected  Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Fifteenth  Gen- 
eral Assembly  from  the  district  consisting  of  the  counties  of  Pocahontas, 
Buena  Vista,  Palo  Alto  and  Emmet.  He  was  elected  to  the  Senate  in 
1875  serving  in  the  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  General  Assemblies.  In 
1898  Captain  Hartshorn  was  appointed  to  a  position  in  the  Interior  De- 
partment at  Washington. 

SERRANUS  C.  HASTINGS  was  born  in  Jefferson  County,  New  York, 
on  the  22d  of  November,  1814.  He  was  liberally  educated  and  at  the  age 
of  twenty  became  Principal  of  Norwich  Academy.  In  1834  he  removed  to 
Lawrenceburg,  Indiana,  where  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
In  the  presidential  campaign  of  1836  he  was  employed  as  editor  of  the 
Indiana  Signal,  supporting  Martin  Van  Buren  for  President.     In  1837  he 


OF  IOWA  121 


removed  to  the  "  Black  Hawk  Purchase,"  locating  at  Bloomington  where 
he  opened  a  law  office.  When  Iowa  was  organized  as  a  Territory  Mr. 
Hastings  was  elected  a  member  of  the  House  of  the  First  Legislative  As- 
sembly, serving  two  terms.  In  1840  he  was  elected  to  the  Council  where 
he  served  in  the  Third,  Fourth,  Seventh  and  Eighth  Legislative  Assemblies 
and  was  President  of  the  Council  of  1845.  He  exercised  wide  influence  in 
framing  the  laws  of  the  Territory  and  was  one  of  the  compilers  of  the 
"  Blue  Book  "  of  Iowa  laws,  being  associated  in  that  work  with  James  W. 
Grimes.  He  was  commander  of  three  companies  of  militia,  with  the  rank 
of  major  in  the  Missouri  boundary  conflict.  In  1846,  when  Iowa  became 
a  State,  Mr.  Hastings  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  for  Representative 
in  Congress  for  the  State  at  large  and  elected  over  G.  C.  R.  Mitchell  the 
Whig  candidate.  In  1848  he  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Iowa.  In  1849  he  removed  to  California  where  he  served  as 
Attorney-General  and  later  as  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  that 
State.     He  died  in  San  Francisco,  February   18,   1893. 

EDWARD  HATCH  was  born  in  the  State  of  Maine  in  1832.  He  re- 
moved to  Iowa  and  at  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  was  living  at  Mus- 
catine where  he  was  engaged  in  the  lumber  business.  In  August,  1861, 
Mr.  Hatch  was  appointed  major  in  the  Second  Iowa  Cavalry.  He  rose 
rapidly  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  and  in  June,  1862,  was  commis- 
sioned colonel  of  the  regiment.  He  was  an  excellent  cavalry  officer  and 
distinguished  himself  in  many  brilliant  engagements  while  in  command 
of  that  famous  regiment.  He  was  often  in  command  of  a  brigade  and  in 
the  spring  of  1864  he  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General.  After  the  close 
of  the  war  he  was  appointed  colonel  in  the  regular  army  and  placed  in 
command  of  the  Ninth  Cavalry.  During  his  entire  military  career  he  was 
engaged  in  nearly  a  hundred  battles.  He  served  on  the  western  frontier 
against  the  Indians  up  to  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  from  an 
accident  near  Fort  Robinson,  Nebraska,  in  April,  1889.  . 

FRANK  HATTON  was  born  at  Cadiz,  Ohio,  on  the  28th  of  April,  1846, 
receiving  his  education  in  his  father's  printing  office.  He  enlisted  in  the 
Union  army  in  1864  and  became  a  lieutenant  before  the  war  closed.  Soon 
after  his  father  removed  to  Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa,  and  became  the  owner 
of  the  Journal  where  the  son  continued  to  assist  in  the  office,  until  his 
father's  death  when  he  became  the  proprietor  of  the  establishment.  He 
was  a  warm  friend  of  Senator  James  Harlan  and  in  the  contest  for 
reelection  in  1872,  was  one  of  the  Senator's  strongest  supporters.  After 
Mr.  Harlan's  defeat  Mr.  Hatton  removed  to  Burlington  where  he  became 
the  editor  of  the  daily  Eawkeye  and  was  appointed  postmaster  of  the  city. 
When  President  Garfield  was  inaugurated  Mr.  Hatton  was  appointed  First 
Assistant  Postmaster-General  and  upon  the  resignation  of  Mr.  Gresham  he 


122  HISTORY 


succeeded  him  at  the  head  of  the  Post-Office  Department,  becoming  a  mem- 
ber of  President  Arthur's  Cabinet.  He  was  at  one  time  chairman  of  the 
Republican  State  Central  Committee  of  Iowa.  He  removed  to  Washington, 
D.  C,  and  became  one  of  the  editors  of  the  daily  Post  where  he  died  on 
the  30th  of  April,  1894. 

GILBERT  N.  HAUGEN  was  born  in  Rock  County,  Wisconsin,  April 
21,  1859.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  attended  the  common  schools.  In 
1877  he  came  to  Iowa  and  bought  a  farm  in  Worth  County  where  he  en- 
gaged in  farming,  grain  buying,  selling  farm  implements  and  hardware. 
In  1887  he  was  elected  county  treasurer,  serving  six  years.  In  1895  he 
was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  represent  the  district  composed  of 
Worth  and  Winnebago  counties  in  the  House  of  the  Twenty-fifth  General 
Assembly.  He  was  reelected  in  1897,  serving  two  terms.  In  1898  he  was 
elected  to  Congress  in  the  Fourth  District  and  was  reelected  in  1900  and 
again  in  1902. 

WALTER  I.  HAYES  was  born  in  Marshall,  Michigan,  December  9, 
1841.  He  entered  the  Law  Department  of  the  Michigan  University,  graduat- 
ing in  1863,  and  coming  to  Iowa  in  1866  became  a  law  partner  of  Adjutant- 
General  N.  B.  Baker.  He  was  three  times  elected  city  solicitor  of  Clinton, 
and  was  elected  judge  of  the  Seventh  Judicial  District  in  1878,  serving  until 
1887.  His  most  notable  decision  during  his  term  of  service  was  that  de- 
claring the  Prohibitory  Amendment  to  the  Constitution,  adopted  by  a  vote 
of  the  people,  to  be  void.  Upon  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  his  decision 
was  sustained.  In  1876  he  was  one  of  the  Democratic  candidates  for  Su- 
preme Judge  but  was  defeated  with  his  party  ticket.  In  1886  he  was 
elected  Representative  in  Congress  from  the  Second  District  and  three  times 
reelected,  serving  until  1895.  Mr.  Hayes  was  a  warm  supporter  of  the 
Hennepin  canal.  He  served  at  the  extra  session  of  the  Twenty-sixth  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  which  acted  upon  the  new  code.  He  was  a  life-long  Demo- 
crat and  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  party  in  Iowa.  He  died  on  the  14th  of 
March,  1901. 

EDWARD  R.  HAYS  was  born  in  Wood  County,  Ohio,  May  26,  1847. 
He  was  educated  at  Heidelberg  College,  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1869.  He  removed  to  Iowa,  taking  up  his  residence  at  Knoxville, 
and  was  elected  to  Congress  on  the  Republican  ticket  in  1890  to  fill  a 
vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  E.  H.  Conger. 

WILLIAM  C.  HAYWARD  was  born  in  Cattaraugus  County,  New  York, 
November  22,  1847.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools  of 
Minneapolis  and  Iowa,  and  at  the  Iowa  Agricultural  College.  He  came 
with  his  parents  to  Iowa  in  1864.     After  leaving  college  he  became  county 


W.   C.   HAYWARI) 


OF  IOWA  123 


surveyor,  and  was  for  twelve  years  postmaster  at  Garner.  For  fourteen 
years  he  was  editor  of  a  country  newspaper,  and  has  since  been  engaged  in 
milling,  banking  and  manufacturing.  After  removing  to  Davenport  Mr. 
Hayward  Avas  five  years  president  of  the  school  board.  In  1897  he  was 
elected  on  the  Eepublican  ticket  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  in  the  Twenty- 
seventh,  Twenty-eighth,  Twenty-ninth  and  Thirtieth  General  Assemblies. 
He  introduced  a  bill  providing  for  compulsory  education  which  paved  the 
way  for  the  law  which  was  enacted  at  the  following  session. 

ALBERT  HEAD  was  born  November  25,  1838,  in  Highland  County, 
Ohio.  He  v>as  reared  on  a  farm  and  in  1855  came  overland  in  an  emigrant 
wagon  to  Iowa,  locating  in  Poweshiek  County.  He  taught  school  several 
years,  studied  law,  gaining  admission  to  the  bar  in  1859.  At  the  same 
time  he  was  engaged  in  publishing  the  Montezuma  Republican  in  company 
with  Colonel  S.  F.  Cooper.  In  1861  Mr.  Head  assisted  in  the  organization 
of  Company  F,  Tenth  Iowa  Volunteers,  and  was  commissioned  captain.  In 
1863  he  was  promoted  to  Assistant  Adjutant-General,  serving  on  the  staflF 
of  Generals  Matthies,  McPherson  and  Raum.  He  was  several  times 
wounded  in  the  battles  of  Corinth,  Champion's  Hill  and  Vicksburg.  Imme- 
diately after  the  close  of  the  war  Captain  Head  settled  at  Jeiferson  in 
Greene  County  where  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law  and  was  interested 
in  several  business  enterprises,  becoming  president  of  a  number  of  banks. 
He  was  president  of  the  Greene  County  Agricultural  Society  and  a  trus- 
tee of  Drake  University.  In  1883  he  was  elected  Representative  in  the 
Twentieth  General  Assembly  and  was  reelected  to  the  Twenty-first  and 
chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  and  again  reelected  to  the 
Twenty-second  and  Twenty-third  General  Assemblies.  He  has  served  as 
president  and  treasurer  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society. 

THOMAS  D.  HEALY  was  born  in  Lansing,  Iowa,  May  25,  1865,  and 
secured  a  good  education  in  Notre  Dame  University,  Indiana,  and  the  Law 
Department  of  the  Iowa  State  University.  He  removed  to  Fort  Dodge 
where  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law,  and  was  for  five  years  city  solici- 
tor. He  was  an  active  Republican  and  served  on  the  committee  on  resolu- 
tions in  the  Republican  State  Convention  of  1893.  In  1895  he  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  for  the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of  Calhoun 
and  Webster,  serving  by  reelection  in  the  Twenty-sixth,  Twenty-seventh, 
Twenty-eighth  and  Twenty-ninth  General  Assemblies.  He  was  the  most  in- 
fluential advocate  and  founder  of  the  system  of  placing  the  public  institu- 
tions of  the  State  under  the  management  of  a  non-partisan  Board  of  Con- 
trol. He  had  gathered  facts  and  statistics  relating  to  the  working  of  this 
system  in  other  States  which  were  powerful  factors  in  overcoming  the 
opposition  to  that  policy  and  greatly  aided  in  the  enactment  of  the  law. 
After  the  system  had  been  adopted  Mr.  Healy  was  influential  in  securing 


124  '  HISTORY 


the  appointment  of  men  of   the  highest  character  and  qualifications   for 
members  of  the  board. 

ALFRED  HEBAED  was  born  in  Windham,  Connecticut,  May  10,  18il. 
He  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1832  and  became  a  civil  engineer.  After 
a  few  years  of  teaching  he  came  to  the  west  and  settled  on  a  farm  near 
Burlington,  then  in  Wisconsin  Territory,  in  1837.  In  1842  he  served  on 
a  commission  appointed  by  Governor  Chambers  to  adjust  the  claims  of 
traders  amounting  to  $250,000,  against  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians.  Mr. 
Hebard  built  the  first  bridge  on  the  military  road  opened  from  Burlington 
to  the  Indian  Agency  on  the  Des  Moines  River.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Territorial  Legislature  in  1840  and  was  twice  reelected,  serving  in  the 
Third,  Fourth  and  Sixth  Legislative  Assemblies,  taking  a  prominent  part  in 
framing  laws  for  the  new  Territory  of  Iowa.  In  1846  he  was  elected  to 
the  First  General  Assembly  of  the  State,  serving  at  the  regular  and  extra 
sessions.  In  1856  Mr.  Hebard  made  a  survey  for  the  Burlington  &  Mis- 
souri Railroad  from  river  to  river.  While  on  the  survey  he  selected  and 
purchased  a  large  tract  of  land  in  Montgomery  County  where  the  town  of 
Red  Oak  was  afterwards  laid  out.  He  made  his  home  on  a  fine  farm  near 
the  town.  During  the  Civil  War  Mr.  Hebard  was  employed  by  the  Gov- 
ernment in  building  railroad  bridges  in  the  south  as  the  Union  armies 
advanced.     He  was  a  life-long  Democrat  and  died  September  21,   1890. 

THOMAS  HEDGE  was  born  at  Burlington  in  the  Territory  of  Iowa, 
on  the  24th  of  June,  1844.  He  received  a  college  education,  graduating 
from  Yale  in  1867  and  from  Columbia  College  Law  Department  in  1869. 
He  served  as  a  lieutenant  in  a  New  York  regiment  during  the  Civil 
War  and,  returning  to  Burlington,  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law.  In 
1898  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  Congress  from  the  First 
District,  was  reelected  in   1900  and  again  in  1902. 

JOHN  M.  HEDRICK  was  born  in  Rush  County,  Indiana,  on  the  16th 
of  December,  1832.  He  received  but  a  common  school  education  yet  quali- 
fied himself  for  teaching  by  the  time  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age.  For 
three  years  he  worked  on  his  father's  farm  summers,  teaching  winters.  He 
came  to  Iowa  and  opened  a  store  in  Ottumwa  but  soon  after  the  beginning 
of  the  Civil  War  entered  the  service  as  first  lieutenant  of  Company  D, 
Fifteenth  Iowa  Infantry  and  was  afterward  promoted  to  captain.  At  the 
Battle  of  Shiloh  he  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner.  After  remaining  a 
prisoner  six  months  he  was  exchanged,  returned  to  his  regiment  and  soon 
after  was  promoted  to  major.  The  regiment  was  in  Sherman's  campaign 
through  the  Gulf  States  and,  in  August,  1864,  Hedrick  was  promoted  to 
colonel.  At  the  Battle  of  Atlanta  he  was  severely  wounded  and  completely 
disabled  for  active  service.     In  the  spring  of  1865  he  was  brevetted  Briga- 


y/r^  Jijo9<u- 


t^/^i/^^^*^- 


OF  IOWA  125 


dier-General  for  gallant  services  in  the  Atlanta  campaign.  After  the  war 
he  was  for  many  years  editor  of  the  Ottumwa  Courie?:  He  was  several 
years  employed  in  responsible  positions  in  the  revenue  service. 

HERMAN  C.  HEaiENWAY,  one  of  the  prominent  lawyers  and  Re- 
publicans of  Northern  Iowa,  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  New  York,  having 
been  born  at  Potsdam,  April  1,  1834.  He  acquired  a  good  education  and 
taught  school  several  years.  He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  began  to  practice  at  Freeport,  Illinois,  in  1860.  The  next  spring  he 
removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Independence,  enlisted  in  the  Twenty-seventh 
Volunteer  Infantry  and  served  three  years  in  the  Civil  War.  At  the  close 
of  his  term  of  enlistment  he  settled  at  Cedar  Falls  where  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  law.  In  1875  he  was  elected  Representative  in  the  Sixteenth 
General  Assembly,  and  in  1877  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate,  serving  in 
that  body  in  the  Seventeenth,  Eighteenth,  Nineteenth  and  Twentieth  Gen- 
eral Assemblies. 

STEPHEN  HEMPSTEAD,  second  Governor  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  was 
born  at  New  London,  Connecticut,  on  the  1st  of  October,  1812.  In  1828 
his  father  removed  with  his  family  to  Missouri  where  he  made  his  home 
on  a  farm  near  St.  Louis.  In  1830  Stephen  procured  a  position  as  clerk 
in  a  store  at  Galena,  Illinois,  and  when  the  Black  Hawk  War  came  he 
enlisted  in  an  artillery  company  and  served  until  peace  was  restored. 
He  then  entered  college  at  Jacksonville  where  he  remained  until  1833 
when  he  began  the  study  of  law.  In  1835  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
and  the  following  year  opened  the  first  law  office  in  the  new  town  of  Du- 
buque. When  Iowa  Territory  was  established  in  1838  Mr.  Hempstead  was 
elected  to  the  Council  of  the  First  Legislative  Assembly.  He  was  made 
chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee  when  but  twenty-six  years  of  age. 
At  the  second  session  Mr.  Hempstead  was  chosen  President  of  the  Council. 
In  1844  he  was  elected  one  of  the  delegates  to  the  First  Constitutional 
Convention  and  was  appointed  chairman  of  the  committee  on  incorpora- 
tions. In  1845  he  was  again  chosen  to  the  Council  of  the  Seventh  Legisla- 
tive Assembly  and  in  the  Eighth  he  was  again  elected  President  of  the 
Council.  In  February,  1848,  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  commissioners 
to  revise  the  laws  of  the  State.  His  colleagues  were  Charles  Mason  and 
William  G.  Woodward.  They  prepared  and  reported  the  Code  of  1851 
which  was  approved  by  the  General  Assembly  and  enacted  into  law.  In 
1850  Mr.  Hempstead  was  nominated  by  the  Democratic  State  Convention 
for  Governor,  was  elected  over  the  Whig  candidate,  James  L.  Thompson, 
and  served  four  years.  After  the  expiration  of  his  term.  Governor  Hemp- 
stead returned  to  Dubuque  where  he  served  as  county  judge  and  auditor 
until  1873.  He  died  on  the  16th  of  February,  1883.  Governor  Sherman 
issued  a  proclamation  enumerating  the  valuable  public  services  of  Governor 


126  HISTORY 


Hempstead  and  had  the  flag  displayed  on  the  State  House  at  half-mast  in 
memory  of  the  departed  statesman.  Although  not  a  brilliant  man,  Gover- 
nor Hempstead  was  a  sound  la-n^^er,  an  intelligent  and  influential  legis- 
lator who  gave  the  State  valuable  services  in  framing  the  early  laws  of 
the  Territory  and  State.  His  administration  as  Governor  was  alike  credit- 
able to  himself  and  to  the  State. 

HENRY  B.  HENDERSHOTT  was  born  in  Miami  County,  Ohio,  May 
15,  1816,  and  his  youthful  years  were  spent  on  a  farm  in  Illinois.  He 
earned  his  way  through  college  at  Jacksonville  by  labor  on  a  farm.  In 
1837  he  came  to  the  "  Black  Hawk  Purchase  "  and  studied  law  in  Bur- 
lington. He  began  to  practice  at  Agency  City  in  1843  and  two  years  later 
was  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  for  the  Seventh  District.  As  clerk 
of  the  court,  he  organized  the  county  of  Wapello.  In  1847  he  was  ap- 
pointed Deputy  Surveyor-General  of  low^a  and  Wisconsin  under  General 
Jones.  In  1848  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  commissioners,  with  Joseph  G. 
Brown,  to  settle  the  disputed  boundary  between  the  States  of  Iowa  and 
Missouri.  They,  in  conjunction  with  a  similar  commission  from  Missouri, 
established  a  boundary  line  which  was  finally  adopted  and  confirmed  by 
the  courts  as  the  true  and  permanent  boundary.  In  1850  Mr.  Hendershott 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of 
Wapello,  Lucas  and  Monroe,  serving  four  years.  He  took  a  prominent  part 
in  the  enactment  of  the  Code  of  1851.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Iowa  Geo- 
giaphical  and  Historical  Societies  and  was  a  freqvient  contributor  to  their 
publications.  In  1856  he  was  elected  judge  of  theThirdDistrict.  He  was  one 
of  the  early  and  influential  leaders  of  the  Democratic  party  of  Iowa.  He 
died  at  Ottumwa  August  10,  1900. 

DAVID  B.  HENDERSON  was  a  native  of  Scotland,  having  been  born 
at  Old  Deer,  on  the  14th  of  March,  1840.  He  came  to  America  with  his 
father's  family  in  1846  and  in  1849  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  on  a  farm 
in  Fayette  County.  He  remained  with  his  father  on  the  farm  assisting 
him  in  the  summer  season  and  attending  school  in  the  winter  and  finally 
entered  the  Upper  Iowa  University,  where  he  was  pursuing  his  studies 
when  the  Rebellion  began.  The  students  were  greatly  excited  and  in  their 
young  enthusiasm  many  hastened  to  enlist,  among  whom  was  Henderson, 
who  was  not  yet  twenty-one.  He  volunteered  in  August,  1861,  and  was 
chosen  first  lieutenant  of  Company  C,  Twelfth  Infantry.  He  was  wounded 
at  Fort  Donelson  and  again  severely  at  Corinth,  having  his  left  foot  ampu- 
tated, so  that  he  had  to  leave  the  service  in  February,  1863.  When  the 
Forty-sixth  Regiment  was  organized  in  June,  1864,  he  was  so  far  recovered 
that  he  was  appointed  colonel  and  assumed  command  for  the  "  hundred 
days'  "  service.  In  the  meantime  he  had  served  as  Commissioner  of  the 
Board  of  Enrollment  of  the  Third  District.     In  November.   1865.   he  was 


OF  IOWA  127 


appointed  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Third  District,  serving 
until  June,  1869,  when  he  resigned  and  beeame  a  member  of  the  law  firm 
of  Shiras,  Van  Duzee  &  Henderson.  Soon  after  he  was  appointed  Assist- 
ant District  Attorney  for  the  Northern  District  of  Iowa,  serving  two  years. 
In  the  fall  of  1882  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  Representative 
in  Congress  for  the  Third  District.  He  was  continuously  reelected  to  the 
close  of  the  Nineteenth  Century.  At  the  opening  of  the  Fifty-sixth  Con- 
gress, December,  1899,  Colonel  Henderson  was  unanimously  nominated  by 
the  Republicans  for  Speaker  and  elected.  During  the  fourteen  years  that 
he  had  served  on  the  floor  of  the  House,  Colonel  Henderson  had  won  the 
respect  and  esteem  of  his  colleagues  of  all  political  parties.  He  is  an 
elo(juent  and  impressive  public  speaker  and  has  exercised  marked  influence 
upon  legislation.  In  Iowa,  where  he  is  as  widely  known  as  any  man  in 
public  life,  no  citizen  of  the  State  has  more,  or  warmer  friends.  Although 
representing  a  district  that  has  sometimes  been  very  close  politically,  he 
was  never  defeated,  but  served  longer  continuously  that  any  other  Repre- 
sentative in  the  lower  House  of  Congress  from  Iowa,  since  it  has  had  an 
existence  as  a  State. 

PARIS  P.  HENDERSON  was  born  at  Liberty,  Union  County,  Indiana, 
January  3,  1825.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  in  1849 
came  to  Iowa,  making  his  home  in  Warren  County,  where  he  was  appointed 
organizing  sheriff",  a  position  he  held  until  1859  when  lie  was  elected  on  the 
Republican  ticket  to  the  State  Senate.  He  served  in  the  regular  session 
of  1860  and  at  the  extra  war  session  of  1861.  He  then  resigned  and  en- 
tered the  military  service  as  captain  of  Company  G,  Tenth  Iowa  Infantry. 
On  the  27th  of  January  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel; 
in  February,  1863,  he  was  promoted  to  colonel  of  the  regiment  and  served 
•with  distinction  to  the  close  of  the  war.  Returning  to  Indianola  he  "was 
elected  treasurer  of  Warren  County  and  later  mayor  of  Indianola. 

JOEL  E.  HENDRICKS,  a  noted  mathematician,  was  born  in  Bucks 
County,  Pennsylvania,  March  10,  1818.  He  early  developed  a  love  of 
mathematics  and  began  to  teach  school  at  nineteen  years  of  age.  He 
chanced  to  procure  Moore's  Navigation  and  Ostrander's  Astronomy  and, 
without  instruction,  soon  became  able  to  work  in  trigonometry  and  calcu- 
late solar  and  lunar  eclipses.  He  took  up  algebra  while  teaching  and 
soon  became  master  of  that  science  without  instruction.  He  taught  mathe- 
matics two  years  in  Neville  Academy,  Ohio,  and  then  occupied  a  position 
on  a  Government  survey  in  Colorado  in  1861.  In  1864  he  located  in  Des 
Moines,  Iowa  and  pursued  his  mathematical  studies.  In  1874  he  began  the 
publication  of  the  Analyst,  a  journal  of  pure  and  applied  mathematics  and 
soon  won  a  reputation  in  Europe  among  eminent  scholars  as  one  of  the 
most  advanced  mathematicians  of  the  day.     His  Analyst  was  taken  by  the 


128  HISTORY 


colleges  and  universities  of  Europe  and  found  a  place  in  the  best  foreign 
libraries.  His  name  became  famous  among  all  mathematical  experts  of  the 
world.  Among  his  correspondents  were  Benjamin  Silliman,  John  W. 
Draper  and  James  D.  Dana;  while  his  journal  was  authority  at  Yale  and 
Johns  Hopkins  Universities.  For  ten  years,  up  to  1884,  this  world-famous 
Analyst  was  published  at  Des  Moines  by  Dr.  Joel  E.  Hendricks.  Up  to  the 
time  it  was  discontinued,  no  journal  of  mathematics  had  been  published 
so  long  in  America.  It  is  one  of  the  remarkable  events  of  the  Nineteenth 
Century  that  a  self-educated  man  should,  by  his  own  genius  and  industry, 
without  instruction,  reach  such  an  exalted  place  among  the  world's  great 
scholars.     Dr.  Hendricks  died  in  Des  Moines  on  the  9th  of  June,  1893. 

BERNHART  HENN  was  born  in  1820  at  Cherry  Valley,  New  York. 
He  secured  a  good  education  and  in  1839  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Bur- 
lington where  he  was  a  clerk  in  the  United  States  Land  Office.  In  1844 
Mr.  Henn  was  appointed  Register  of  the  United  States  Land  Office  which 
had  been  removed  to  Fairfield.  After  serving  four  years  he  was  elected 
to  Congress  on  the  Democratic  ticket  from  the  First  District.  He  was 
reelected,  serving  four  years.  In  1853  he  organized  the  firm  of  Henn,  Wil- 
liams &  Company,  which  was  extensively  engaged  in  banking  and  real 
estate  business  in  diff"erent  parts  of  the  State.  This  company  laid  out  a 
portion  of  Fairfield  and  was  among  the  original  proprietors  of  Fort  Dodge. 
Mr.  Henn  was  a  gifted  writer  and  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  Burlington 
Gazette.  Although  never  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  or  a  Consti- 
tutional Convention,  Mr.  Henn  exercised  wide  influence  in  framing  laws 
and  shaping  public  policy  in  the  early  history  of  the  Territory  and  State. 
He  was  an  ardent  Democrat  of  the  old  school  and  long  one  of  the  political 
leaders  of  the  State.     He  died  at  Fairfield  August  31,  1868. 

WILLIAM  P.  HEPBURN  was  born  at  Wellsville,  Ohio,  on  the  4th  of 
November,  1833.  His  father  removed  with  his  family  to  Iowa  in  1841.  The 
son  attended  the  public  schools  and  learned  the  printer's  trade,  afterwards 
read  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and,  in  1856,  was  elected  Prose- 
cuting Attorney  in  Marshall  County.  In  1858  he  was  chosen  chief  clerk 
of  the  House  of  the  Seventh  General  Assembly.  In  October  of  the  same 
year  he  was  elected  District  Attorney  of  the  Eleventh  District.  When  the 
Rebellion  began,  Mr.  Hepburn  raised  a  company  for  the  Second  Iowa  Cav- 
alry, of  which  he  was  commissioned  captain.  In  September,  1862,  he  was 
promoted  to  major  of  the  regiment  and  in  November  became  lieutenant- 
colonel,  serving  until  the  regiment  was  mustered  out  in  1864.  In  1876 
he  was  one  of  the  presidential  electors  on  the  Republican  ticket.  Having 
removed  to  Page  County  he  was,  in  1880,  elected  to  Congress  by  the  Re- 
publicans of  the  Eighth  District.  He  was  reelected  in  1882  and  again  in 
1884.     In  1886  he  was  defeated  by  Major  A.  R.  Anderson.     In  1888  he  was 


OF  IOWA  129 


chosen  presidential  elector.  In  1892  he  was  again  elected  to  Congress  and 
has  been  reelected  in  1894,  1896,  1898,  1900  and  1902.  Mr.  Hepburn  is  a 
public  speaker  of  unusual  power  and  eloquence  as  well  as  an  able  debater. 
His  long  term  of  service  in  Congress  has  given  him  great  influence  in  that 
body  and  for  many  years  he  has  been  one  of  the  earnest  workers  for  the 
construction  of  the  Nicaraguan  inter-ocean  ship  canal. 

JOHN  HERRIOTT  was  born  at  Herriottsville,  in  Allegheny  County, 
Pennsylvania,  October  24,  1844,  where  his  youthful  years  were  spent  on 
a  farm.  He  usually  attended  school  a  few  weeks  in  the  winter  season  un- 
til he  was  twelve  years  of  age  when  he  received  three  months'  instruction 
in  the  Normal  School  in  the  winter  of  1865.  When  the  Civil  War  began 
young  Herriott  enlisted  in  a  Pennsylvania  regiment  and  served  as  a  private 
soldier  in  nearly  all  of  the  great  battles  fought  by  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac up  to  September  27,  1864,  when  his  term  of  service  expired.  In 
August,  1865,  he  emigrated  to  Iowa,  settling  on  a  farm  near  New  Liberty, 
Scott  County.  In  1872,  Mr.  Herriott  removed  to  Stuart  where  he  opened 
a  drug  and  book  store.  He  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket 
treasurer  of  the  county,  serving  two  terms  and  making  a  record  which 
brought  him  out  as  a  prominent  candidate  for  State  Treasurer.  He  re- 
ceived the  Republican  nomination  for  that  position  in  1894,  was  elected 
and  twice  reelected,  serving  three  terms.  He  brought  marked  ability  to 
the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  that  office,  introducing  many  new  methods 
in  the  transaction  of  its  important  duties,  which  met  general  approval. 
As  a  member  of  the  Executive  Council  Mr.  Herriott  took  an  independent 
stand  in  advocacy  of  whatever  he  believed  to  be  right.  He  was  a  coura- 
geous advocate  of  important  reforms  in  the  assessment  of  corporate  prop- 
erty, acting  alone  in  that  respect  in  the  Executive  Council.  So  warmly 
was  his  position  indorsed  by  the  people,  that  his  Congressional  District 
gave  him  a  unanimous  support  for  Governor  in  the  Republican  State  Con- 
vention of  1901.  The  convention,  however,  nominated  A.  B.  Cummins  for 
Governor  and  Mr.  Herriott  for  Lieutenant-Governor,  to  which  position  he 
was  elected  by  a  large  majority. 

FRANCIS  J.  HERRON  was  born  in  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  on  the 
17th  of  February,  1837.  He  was  educated  at  Western  University  in  that 
city  and  began  his  business  career  as  a  clerk  in  a  banking  house.  He 
afterwards  became  a  partner  in  the  bank.  In  1855  he  came  to  Iowa  and 
with  a  brother  established  a  bank  at  Dubuque.  He  was  among  the  first 
to  enter  the  military  service  upon  the  opening  of  the  Civil  War  in  1861, 
having  been  chosen  captain  of  Company  I,  which  was  incorporated  into  the 
First  Iowa  Volunteers,  organized  and  sent  to  the  field  under  the  first  call 
of  President  Lincoln  for  75,000  m.en  for  three  months'  service.  Mr.  Herron 
took  part  in  the  Battle  of  Wilson's  Creek  and  distinguished  himself,  so  that 

[Vol.  4] 


130  HISTORY 


when  the  Ninth  Regiment  was  organized  in  September,  he  was  commis- 
sioned lieutenant-colonel.  He  participated  in  the  three  days'  Battle  of 
Pea  Ridge,  where  he  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner.  He  was  promoted 
to  Brigadier-General  for  gallant  conduct  in  that  battle.  In  the  Battle  of 
Prairie  Grove  General  Herron  won  additional  fame  for  his  brilliant  leader- 
ship and  was  in  December  made  a  Major-General.  His  services  through- 
out the  war  were  recognized  by  the  great  commanders  under  whom  he 
served,  and  he  must  ever  rank  among  the  ablest  military  officers  from  Iowa 
in  the  Civil  War.  He  removed  to  New  York  where  his  death  occurred  on 
the  8th  of  January,  1902. 

SUMNER  B.  HE\^^TT  was  born  in  Northbridge,  Massachusetts,  on 
the  22d  of  June,  1833.  He  received  a  liberal  education  in  the  schools  of 
that  State,  and  in  1854  removed  to  Iowa,  becoming  a  resident  of  Wright 
County,  where  his  father's  family  were  among  the  earliest  pioneers.  He 
selected  for  his  home  a  beautiful  farm  including  Eagle  Grove,  and  six  hun- 
dred acres  of  adjoining  prairie.  In  1861,  Mr.  Hewett  was  appointed 
county  judge,  serving  three  years.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  Collector  of 
Internal  Revenue  for  the  Sixth  Congressional  District  which  then  embraced 
nearly  one-third  of  the  territory  of  the  State.  He  had  served  as  one  of  the 
secretaries  of  the  State  Senate  in  the  session  of  1862.  He  was  for  many 
years  one  of  the  directors  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society,  and  an  influ- 
ential member  of  that  organization.  In  1871  he  was  elected  to  the  House 
of  Representatives  of  the  Fourteenth  General  Assembly  for  the  district  con- 
sisting of  the  counties  of  Hamilton,  Humboldt  and  Wright.  He  served  on 
the  committees  of  Agricultural  College,  of  which  he  was  chairman,  railroads 
and  public  buildings.  When  the  Northwestern  Railroad  was  built  through 
Wright  County,  the  town  of  Eagle  Grove  included  within  its  limits  a 
portion  of  Judge  Hewett's  farm.  He  removed  to  California  many  years 
ago. 

AZRO  B.  F.  HILDRETH,  one  of  the  veteran  journalists  of  Iowa,  was 
born  in  Chelsea,  Vermont,  February  29,  1816.  He  began  teaching  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  and  going  to  New  York  in  1837  learned  the  printer's  trade. 
In  1839  he  established  a  newspaper  at  Lowell,  Massachusetts,  and  for 
several  years  conducted  papers  in  that  State  and  Vermont.  In  the  spring 
of  1856  Mr.  Hildreth  removed  to  Charles  City,  Iowa,  where  he  built  a 
printing  house  and  established  the  Charles  City  Intelligencer,  which  for 
fourteen  years  he  made  one  of  the  largest  and  best  printed  of  the  weekly 
papers  of  the  State.  In  1858  Mr.  Hildreth  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
State  Board  of  Education  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  framing  laws 
which  have  given  to  Iowa  an  excellent  school  system.  He  was  the  leader 
of  the  movement  to  admit  girls  to  the  State  University  on  equality  with 
boys,  a  measure  which  encountered  strong  opposition.     In  1863  Mr.  Hil- 


/  THE 

(!      NEW  YORK 
'   PUBLIC  LIBRARY] 


^itor,  Lenox  and  Tilden  ji 
sx       FoundJtfons. 


GERSHOM   H.    HILL 


OF  IOWA  131 


dreth  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Tenth  General  Assembly,  was  chair- 
man of  the  committee  on  schools  and  was  iintiring  in  efforts  in  behalf  of 
liberal  laws  for  the  promotion  of  education.  In  politics  he  is  a  Re- 
publican. 

GERSHOM  H.  HILL  was  born  at  Garnavillo,  Clayton  County,  Iowa, 
May  8,  1846.  He  went  to  Grinnell  in  18G0  and  was  employed  on  the  farm 
of  Hon.  J.  B.  Grinnell,  the  founder  of  the  town  and  college.  One  night 
in  June,  1861,  young  Hill  drove  a  wagon  load  of  escaping  slaves  from 
Grinnell's  house,  which  was  a  station  on  the  "  underground  railroad,"  to 
Marengo,  on  their  way  to  Canada  and  freedom.  He  obtained  his  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  and  in  1863  began  school  teaching  in  Marshall 
County.  Soon  after  he  enlisted  in  the  Forty-sixth  Iowa  Regiment  and 
served  under  Colonel  David  B.  Henderson.  In  1865  Mr.  Hill  entered  Grin- 
nell College,  graduating  in  1871.  He  then  began  the  study  of  medicine 
at  the  State  University,  and  later  at  Rush  Medical  College,  where  he 
graduated.  In  1875  he  was  chosen  a  physician  in  the  Hospital  for  Insane 
at  Independence,  and  in  1881  he  was  promoted  to  superintendent  and  has 
continued  in  that  position  up  to  the  present  time.  His  management  of 
that  institution  has  been  marked  for  peculiar  ability  in  the  administration 
of  its  affairs.  He  writes  for  several  medical  journals  and  is  a  member 
of  the  leading  medical  associations  of  the  country.  He  is  a  lecturer  on 
insanity  at  the  Medical  Department  of  the  State  University,  and  is  often 
called  upon  as  an  expert  in  that  malady. 

SYLVESTER  G.  HILL  was  born  on  the  10th  of  June,  1820,  in  Wash- 
ington County,  Rhode  Island.  He  received  an  academic  education  at 
Greenwich.  In  1840  he  removed  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  engaged  in 
the  lumber  business.  In  1849  he  went  to  California  with  the  great  emigra- 
tion of  gold  seekers.  Failing  to  find  profitable  business,  he  came  the  fol- 
lowing year  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Muscatine.  In  July,  1862,  he  recruited  a 
company  of  volunteers  of  which  he  was  chosen  captain.  In  August  his 
company  was  assigned  to  the  Thirty-fifth  Regiment  of  Volimteer  Infantry. 
On  the  10th  of  August  he  was  promoted  to  colonel  of  the  regiment.  He 
led  it  in  the  Vicksburg  campaign  and  McPherson's  expedition  to  Browns- 
ville and  was  also  in  the  Red  River  campaign  under  Banks  and  later 
served  with  Sherman.  In  the  Battle  of  Nashville,  fought  in  December, 
Colonel  Hill  commanded  a  brigade  and  while  making  a  gallant  charge  on 
the  enemy's  works,  was  shot  through  the  head  and  instantly  killed. 

DAVID  B.  HILLIS  was  born  in  Jefferson  County,  Indiana,  July  25, 
1825.  He  was  educated  at  the  University  of  South  Hanover,  studied 
medicine  at  Madison  and  for  eleven  years  practiced  his  profession  in  his 
native  State.    In  1858  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Bloomfield.    In  1860 


132  HISTORY 


he  removed  to  Keokuk  where  he  was  engaged  in  business  when  the  war 
began.  In  August,  1861,  he  was  appointed  aide-de-camp  to  Governor  Kirk- 
wood,  serving  until  March,  1862,  when  he  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  Seventeenth  Iowa  Infantry.  In  August,  1862,  he  was  promoted  to 
colonel  of  the  regiment  and  resigned  during  the  siege  of  Vicksburg,  after 
having  distinguished  himself  at  the  battles  of  Jackson  and  Champion's 
Hill.     He  died  at  Keokuk  on  the  9th  of  September,  1900. 

JOHN  HILSINGER  was  born  at  Marathon,  Cortland  County,  New 
York,  on  the  4th  of  March,  1835.  He  secured  a  good  education,  read  law 
with  Judge  Kingsley  and  Avas  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Ithaca,  in  1857.  He 
came  to  Iowa  in  1858,  making  his  home  at  Sabula  in  Jackson  County 
\\hcve  he  taught  school  for  two  years,  but  has  been  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law  since  1860.  Mr.  Hilsinger  was  for  about  ten  years  one  of  the  county 
supervisors,  was  postmaster  of  Sabula  two  terms,  and  has  also  been  mayor 
of  the  city  three  years.  In  1863  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  for 
State  Senator,  and  although  Jackson  County  is  generally  carried  by  the 
Democrats,  by  reason  of  personal  popularity  and  superior  qualifications 
for  the  position,  he  was  elected,  serving  in  the  Tenth  and  Eleventh  Gen- 
eral Assemblies.  He  was  an  influential  member  of  several  important  com- 
mittees and  an  able  and  discreet  legislator.  He  has  long  been  a  prominent 
and  trusted  leader  in  the  Republican  party  of  the  State.  He  was  a  dele- 
gate to  the  Republican  National  Convention  which  in  1868  nominated  Gen- 
eral Grant  for  President. 

ALFRED  N.  HOBSON  is  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  having  been  born 
in  Allegheny  City,  April  1,  1848.  His  father  removed  his  family  to 
Iowa  in  1855,  settling  in  Fayette  County.  Alfred  N.  was  educated  at 
Upper  Iowa  University  and  at  the  State  University.  He  studied  law  with 
his  father  and  Hon.  L.  L.  Ainsworth  at  West  Union.  He  spent  three 
years  in  the  office  of  the  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue,  and  later  entered 
into  partnership  with  L.  L.  Ainsworth  in  the  practice  of  law.  He  was 
mayor  of  West  Union  in  1882.  In  1894  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  Thir- 
teenth Judicial  District  consisting  of  the  counties  of  Allamakee,  Chicka- 
saw, Clayton,  Fayette,  Howard  and  Winneshiek  and  was  reelected  in  1898 
and  again  in  1902.     His  term  will  expire  in  1906. 

ADONIRAM  J.  HOLMES  was  born  on  the  2d  of  March,  1842,  in 
Wayne  County,  Ohio.  His  parents  removed  to  Wisconsin  while  he  was  a 
child  and  there  he  entered  Milton  College  but  before  finishing  the  course 
enlisted  in  the  Union  army,  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Returning 
to  Janesville  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  but  afterwards 
took  the  full  course  in  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  University  of 
Michigan.     In  1868  he  located  at  Boone,  Iowa.     In  1881  he  was  elected  to 


OF  IOWA  133 


the  House  of  the  Nineteenth  General  Assembly,  serving  one  term.  In  1882 
he  was  elected  to  Congress  on  the  Republican  ticket  and  twice  reelected, 
serviog  six  years.    He  died  January  23,  1902. 

WILLIAM  H.  HOLMES  was  born  at  Woodstock,  New  York,  December 
27,  1827.  He  received  a  common  school  education  and,  in  the  spring  of 
1852,  became  a  resident  of  Jones  County,  Iowa,  where  he  engaged  in  sur- 
veying and  farming.  In  1854  he  was  elected  as  a  "  Free  Soil  "  Whig  to 
represent  Jones  County  in  the  House  of  the  Fifth  General  Assembly.  He 
supported  the  bill  to  remove  the  Capital  from  Iowa  City  to  Des  Moines  and 
was  reelected,  serving  two  terms,  having  become  a  Republican  upon  the 
organization  of  that  party.  In  1859  he  was  chosen  county  judge.  In  1861 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  where  he  served  until  October,  1862, 
when  he  resigned,  having  been  elected  State  Treasurer,  serving  two  terms 
in  that  position.  He  was  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  State  Agricultural  Col- 
lege for  several  years  and  president  of  the  board.  In  1883  he  removed  to 
Nebraska  where  he  served  as  county  judge.  He  died  at  Neligh  in  that  State 
December  14,  1895. 

ASA  HORR,  scholar  and  scientist,  was  born  at  Worthington,  Ohio, 
September  2,  1817.  His  education  began  early  and  he  remained  a  student 
of  science  throughout  his  life.  Trained  as  a  physician  and  surgeon  in 
which  profession  he  attained  distinction,  he  at  the  same  time  investigated 
many  branches  of  science.  He  became  a  resident  of  Iowa  as  early  as  1847, 
settling  at  Dubuque  which  became  his  permanent  home.  He  was  the  leader 
in  the  organization  and  promotion  of  the  Iowa  Institute  of  Science  and  Art 
which  was  organized  at  Dubuque,  and  was  its  president  for  many  years. 
He  was  one  of  the  one  hundred  American  and  English  short-hand  writers 
who  were  chosen  to  make  improvements  in  phonogiaphy.  Dr.  Horr  was 
president  of  the  Dubuque  and  Cedar  Valley  Medical  Societies  and  was  an 
excellent  botanist;  for  more  than  twenty  years  he  was  one  of  the  leading 
observers  for  the  Smithsonian  Institution.  He  was  also  interested  in 
geology,  mineralogy  and  astronomy,  and  gave  particular  attention  to 
meteorology.  To  him  and  Professor  Lapham  of  Milwaukee  is  due  the 
present  method  of  forecasting  the  weather,  used  by  the  Government.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science.  Dr.  Horr  was  especially  successful  in  bringing  the  sciences  to 
the  comprehension  of  those  without  scientific  knowledge,  and  donated  four 
hundred  volumes  of  valuable  books  to  the  Historical  Department  of  Iowa. 
He  died  at  his  home  in  Dubuque,  June  2,  1896. 

CHARLES  C.  HORTON  was  born  January  13,  1839,  at  Goshen,  Or- 
ange County,  New  York.  He  came  with  his  father  to  Iowa  in  1848,  locat- 
ing at  Muscatine  where  he  attended  the  public  and  private  schools.     In 


134  HISTORY 


1857  he  returned  to  New  York  and  entered  Delaware  Collegiate  Institute  at 
Franklin,  graduating  in  the  literary  and  scientific  course  in  1859.  In 
1861,  Mr.  Horton  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  A,  Second  Iowa  Cavalry, 
where  he  won  rapid  promotion  to  first  lieutenant.  In  June,  1862,  he  was 
promoted  to  captain  and  was  in  command  of  a  battalion  most  of  the  time 
until  he  was  commissioned  major  in  1863.  He  was  in  command  of  the 
regiment  at  times  and  in  1864  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel.  From 
this  time  he  was  in  command  of  the  regiment  or  a  brigade  until  mustered 
out  in  1865.  He  participated  in  the  following  engagements:  New  Madrid, 
Island  Number  Ten,  Booneville,  Farmington,  Corinth,  luka,  Tupelo,  Jack- 
son and  Nashville,  where  the  Second  Brigade  charged  upon  and  captured 
the  first  two  forts  taken  in  that  battle  and  its  flag  was  the  first  planted 
upon  the  works.  Colonel  Horton  was  wounded  in  the  engagement  at  Cold- 
water.  In  1880  Colonel  Horton  was  appointed  special  agent  of  the  United 
States  Land  Office,  resigning  to  become  special  examiner  of  the  Pension 
Bureau,  in  which  position  he  served  fifteen  years.  In  1873  he  was  elected 
on  the  Republican  ticket  Representative  in  the  Fifteenth  General  Assembly, 
serving  by  reelection  two  terms.  He  was  the  author  of  bills  creating  a 
School  for  Feeble  Minded  Children  at  Glenwood,  and  one  to  consolidate  the 
Soldiers'  and  Orphans'  Homes  at  Davenport.  In  1897  Colonel  Horton  was 
appointed  commandant  of  the  Soldiers'  Home  at  Marshalltown. 

HENRY  HOSPERS  was  born  in  Hoog  Blokland,  the  Netherlands,  Feb- 
ruary 6,  1830.  He  came  to  America  in  1840,  locating  at  Pella,  in  Marion 
County,  Iowa.  Here  he  taught  the  first  school  and  established  the  first 
newspaper  in  the  Dutch  language.  In  1870  a  new  colony  was  formed  in 
Sioux  County  where  a  large  tract  of  land  was  acquired  and  Orange  City 
was  laid  out.  Of  this  colony  Mr.  Hospers  became  the  leader.  The  county 
had  been  under  the  control  of  unscrupulous  adventurers  and  under  the 
lead  of  Mr.  Hospers  the  county  government  was  reformed  and  the  finances 
honestly  managed.  He  was  elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
Twenty-second  and  Twenty-third  General  Assemblies  and  served  in  the 
Senate  of  the  Twenty-sixth  and  Twenty-seventh  General  Assemblies  repre- 
senting the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of  Lyon,  Osceola,  Sioux  and 
O'Brien.  Mr.  Hospers  was  deeply  interested  in  education  and  good  govern- 
ment and  as  long  as  he  lived  wielded  great  influence  in  the  Sioux  County 
colony  which  he  led  to  northwestern  Iowa  when  that  region  was  one  vast, 
wild  prairie.    He  died  October  21,  1901. 

EMERSON  HOUGH  was  born  at  Newton,  Iowa,  June  28,  1857.  He 
graduated  at  the  State  University  and  in  1880  traveled  extensively  through 
the  wildest  portions  of  the  west,  exploring  the  Yellowstone  Park  on  snow 
shoes.  It  was  largely  due  to  this  trip  that  the  act  was  passed  by  Congress 
for  the  protection  of  the  buffalo.     Since  1889  Mr.  Hough  has  been  western 


OF  IOWA  135 


manager  of  Forest  and  Stream.  He  is  best  known  through  his  graphic 
pictures  of  the  west  of  twenty  years  ago.  The  "Story  of  a  Cowboy"  is 
in  truth  a  history  of  a  class  that  will  soon  be  extinct.  "  The  Girl  of  the 
Halfway  House "  is  also  a  strong  story  of  the  west.  "  The  Mississippi 
Bubble "  is  his  latest  work. 

NOEL  B.  HOWARD  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1838  and  educated  at 
the  Norwich  Military  Academy.  He  went  south  and  for  a  time  taught 
in  a  military  school  in  one  of  the  Atlantic  southern  States.  Coming  to 
Iowa  in  1860  he  was  located  at  Lyons  when  the  Civil  War  began.  He 
enlisted  in  Company  I,  Second  Iowa  Infantry  in  May,  1861,  and  was  elected 
first  lieutenant.  He  was  in  the  Battle  of  Shiloh  and  promoted  immedi- 
ately after  to  captain  of  the  company.  In  October,  1862  he  was  promoted 
to  major  of  the  regiment.  In  1864  he  became  lieutenant-colonel  and  soon 
after  colonel  of  the  regiment  and  at  the  Battle  of  Atlanta  he  was  severely 
wounded.  He  served  with  distinction  in  Sherman's  campaign  through  the 
Gulf  and  Atlantic  States  and  retired  at  the  close  of  the  war  with  a  fine 
reputation  as  an  officer. 

ORLANDO  C.  HOWE  is  a  name  that  will  be  for  all  time  associated 
with  the  greatest  tragedy  of  Iowa  history.  He  was  born  at  Williamstown, 
Vermont,  on  the  19th  of  December,  1824,  was  educated  at  Aurora  Academy 
in  the  State  of  New  York  and  studied  law  at  Buffalo,  where  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  Mr.  Howe  came  to  Newton,  Iowa,  in  1855.  In  the 
fall  of  1856,  he,  in  company  with  his  brother-in-law,  B.  F.  Parmenter 
and  R.  U.  Wheelock  made  a  trip  up  through  the  wild  prairie  regions  of 
northwestern  Iowa.  They  camped  on  the  shore  of  west  Okoboji,  and  were 
80  charmed  with  the  beautiful  lakes  and  groves  that  each  took  a  claim, 
intending  to  return  and  make  homes  the  next  spring.  Early  in  March  they 
again  arrived  at  the  lakes  and  were  horror-stricken  by  the  discovery  that 
the  little  colony  that  had  settled  there  the  year  before  had  been  massa- 
cred by  the  Sioux  Indians.  Not  one  remained  alive  to  tell  of  the  cruel 
fate  that  had  exterminated  the  entire  settlement.  The  three  horror-stricken 
men  hastened  back  to  Fort  Dodge,  spread  the  alarm  among  the  isolated 
cabins  on  the  way,  helped  to  organize  the  "  Relief  Expedition  "  under  com- 
mand of  Major  Williams  and  joined  in  its  terrible  march  and  endured 
its  almost  unparalleled  sufferings.  When  the  Indians  had  been  perman- 
ently driven  from  Iowa,  Mr.  Howe  returned  to  his  claim,  making  it  his 
home.  In  1858  he  was  chosen  District  Attorney,  serving  four  years.  When 
the  Civil  War  came.  Mi-.  Howe  raised  a  company  of  cavalry  which  was 
Company  L,  Ninth  Iowa,  in  which  he  served  to  the  close  of  the  war.  From 
1875  to  1880  he  was  Professor  of  Law  in  the  State  University  at  Iowa 
City.  Later  he  removed  to  Barber  County,  Kansas,  where  he  became 
county  attorney  and  was  for  several  years  district  judge.    In  August,  1899, 


136  HISTORY 


he  became  insane  and  died  at  Topeka,  on  the  31st  of  that  month,  highly 
esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him.  His  name  is  inscribed  on  the  monument 
at  Okoboji,  erected  by  the  State,  in  memory  of  the  massacre  of  1857. 

SAMUEL  A.  HOWE,  pioneer  educator,  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1808. 
He  early  removed  to  Ohio  and  engaged  in  teaching  where  John  Sherman  and 
William  T.  Sherman  were  among  his  pupils.  He  resolved  to  secure  a 
liberal  education  and  defrayed  the  greater  part  of  his  expenses  through 
Athens  University  by  work  about  the  institution.  After  completing  his 
literary  studies  he  turned  his  attention  to  law,  but  soon  abandoned  this 
and  began  teaching.  He  established  a  reputation  as  an  educator  and  in- 
spirer  of  youth,  as  we  find  General  Sherman  saying  on  his  march  to  the 
sea: 

"Professor  Howe  I  consider  to  be  the  best  teacher  in  the  United 
States.  I  am  more  indebted  to  him  for  my  start  in  life  than  to  any  other 
man  in  America." 

Ex-Governor  Alvin  Saunders  of  Nebraska  wrote  to  Mr.  Howe's  son: 
"  It  is  to  the  kindness  of  your  father  that  I  am  indebted  for  much  of  the 
success  of  my  life."  In  1841  Professor  Howe  removed  to  Iowa  and  located 
near  Mount  Pleasant,  teaching  in  a  log  school-house  the  following  winter. 
In  1843  he  removed  his  school  to  Mount  Pleasant  and  there  being  no 
other  accommodations  it  was  located  in  the  upper  room  of  the  old  log 
jail.  In  1844  the  school  was  temporarily  removed  to  the  Cumberland 
Presbyterian  church  and  the  following  year  was  transferred  to  the  Academy 
building  erected  for  the  purpose,  where  it  still  remains,  having  an  unbroken 
record  of  over  fifty  years  of  continuovis  existence,  making  it  probably  the 
oldest  continuously  operated  school  in  the  State.  After  the  dissolution  of 
the  Whig  party  Professor  Howe  became  a  Free  Soiler.  In  1848  he  became 
a  stockholder  in  the  only  antislavery  paper  in  the  Northwest,  the  lotoa 
Freeman.  During  the  presidential  campaign  of  1856  it  was  one  of  the 
most  influential  advocates  of  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party.  He 
was  a  firm  believer  in  woman  suffrage,  temperance,  the  abolition  of  the 
death  penalty  and  was  strongly  opposed  to  land  monopoly.  During  his 
early  advocacy  of  abolition  of  slavery  he  suffered  much  persecution,  hav- 
ing property  destroyed  and  was  finally  mobbed  by  pro-slavery  ruffians  on 
the  streets  of  Mount  Pleasant.  Professor  Howe  defied  persecution,  hatred, 
loss  of  property  and  social  ostracism  and  stood  firmly  by  his  principles 
through  life.     He  died  in  ISIount  Pleasant,  February  15,  1877. 

JAMES  B.  HOWELL  was  born  near  Morristown,  New  Jersey,  on  the 
4th  of  July,  1816.  His  father  removed  to  Ohio  in  1819,  where  he  became 
a  member  of  the  State  Senate  and  afterwards  member  of  Congress.  James 
was  sent  to  the  Miami  University  from  which  he  graduated  in  1837, 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in   1839.     In  1841  he  came  to 


1 

^ 

"■    "S 

'■ 

JAMES    B.    HOWELL 


OF  IOWA  137 


Keosauqua,  Iowa,  where  he  opened  a  law  office  and  afterwards  became  a 
partner  of  James  Hall.  In  1846  he  was  the  Whig  candidate  for  district 
judge  but  was  defeated.  Tn  1845,  he,  with  J.  H.  Cowles  purchased  the 
Des  Moines  Valley  Whig  and  soon  after  gave  most  of  his  time  to  the 
editorial  management  of  that  paper  which  had  a  large  circulation  in  that 
part  of  the  State.  In  1849  the  paper  was  removed  to  Keokuk  where  in 
time  it  became  the  Daily  Gate  City.  Mr.  Howell  had  long  been  one  of  the 
most  influential  Republican  editors  in  the  State  and  in  1870  he  was  elected 
by  the  General  Assembly  to  fill  the  vacancy  in  the  United  States  Senate 
for  the  unexpired  term  of  James  W.  Grimes.  At  the  expiration  of  the 
fractional  term  in  1871,  Mr.  Howell  was  appointed  by  President  Grant 
one  of  the  three  judges  of  the  Court  of  Southern  Claims  which  he  held 
until  a  short  time  before  his  death  which  occurred  on  the  17th  of  June, 
1880. 

ASAHEL  W.  HUBBARD  was  born  at  Haddam,  Connecticut,  January 
18,  1819.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the  common  schools. 
After  teaching  for  a  few  months  in  Rushville,  Indiana,  he  began  to  study 
law.  There  he  practiced  his  profession  sixteen  years.  In  1847  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  three  years.  In  1857  he  removed  to 
Sioux  City,  Iowa,  and  the  following  year  was  elected  judge  of  the  Fourth 
Judicial  District,  serving  four  years.  In  1862  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Republicans  of  the  Sixth  District  for  Representative  in  Congress.  The 
district  then  extended  from  Black  Hawk  County  west  to  the  Missouri 
River  and  from  Boone  County  to  the  Minnesota  line,  embracing  one-third 
of  the  counties  of  the  State.  Judge  Hubbard  was  elected  and  twice 
reelected,  serving  six  years.  He  was  influential  in  securing  legislation 
which  hastened  the  building  of  several  lines  of  railroad  through  his  district, 
besides  securing  to  Sioux  City  a  branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Sioux  City  and  its 
president  many  years.    Judge  Hubbard  died  on  the  22d  of  September,  1879. 

ELBERT  H.  HUBBARD  was  born  in  Rushville,  Indiana,  August  19, 
1849,  and  received  his  education  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Yale  Col- 
lege, in  Connecticut.  He  came  with  his  father  (Judge  A.  W.  Hubbard),  to 
Iowa  in  1856,  the  family  locating  at  Sioux  City.  E.  H.  Hubbard  studied 
law  with  C.  R.  Marks  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1874,  beginning 
practice  with  his  preceptor.  He  became  one  of  the  prominent  lawyers  of 
Sioux  City  and  one  of  the  influential  leaders  of  the  Republican  party  in 
that  section  of  the  State.  In  1881  he  was  elected  Representative  in  the 
Nineteenth  General  Assembly  and  in  1899  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate, 
serving  in  the  Twenty-eighth    and  Twenty-ninth  General  Assemblies. 

NATHANIEL  M.  HUBBARD  was  born  in  Oswego,  New  York,  Septem- 
ber 24,   1829.     He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  acquired  a  good  education  and 


138  HISTORY 


taught  school.  He  graduated  at  the  Alfred,  New  York,  University  and 
studied  law,  coming  to  Iowa  in  April,  1854,  locating  at  Marion  in  Linn 
County  where  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  February,  1856, 
he  was  a  delegate  to  the  State  Convention  which  met  at  Iowa  City  and 
organized  the  Republican  party  of  Iowa.  In  August,  1862,  he  raised  a 
military  company  for  the  Twentieth  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry,  of  which 
he  was  chosen  captain,  serving  under  General  Francis  J.  Herron.  In  March, 
1863,  he  was  promoted  to  judge  advocate  on  the  staff  of  General  HerroQ 
and  served  in  the  army  until  April,  1865,  when  he  was  brevetted  major. 
In  November,  1865,  he  was  appointed  district  judge  but  resigned  the  fol- 
lowing year  to  accept  the  position  of  attorney  for  the  Northwestern  Rail- 
way Company.  For  many  years  he  was  the  Iowa  attorney  for  that  com- 
pany and  long  ranked  among  the  ablest  lawyers  in  the  State.  He  was 
for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  one  of  the  most  influential  leaders 
of  the  Republican  party  in  Iowa.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Cedar  Rapids, 
June  12,  1902. 

SILAS  A.  HUDSON  was  born  in  Mason  County,  Kentucky,  December 
13,  1815,  and  came  to  Iowa  in  1839,  locating  at  Burlington.  He  was  a 
clerk  in  one  of  the  early  Territorial  Legislatures  and  was  chief  clerk  of 
the  House  of  the  First  General  Assembly  of  the  State  in  1846.  He  drafted 
the  charter  of  the  city  of  Burlington  and  the  ordinances  under  which  it 
was  governed  for  twenty  years.  Mr.  Hudson  was  an  intimate  friend  of 
George  D.  Prentice,  Horace  Greeley,  Abraham  Lincoln  and  General  U.  S. 
Grant  and  was  instrumental  in  making  the  arrangements  under  which 
Lincoln  went  to  New  York  and  made  his  great  Cooper  Institute  speech 
which  led  to  his  nomination  for  President.  He  was  a  cousin  of  General 
Grant,  whom  he  knew  from  boyhood.  After  General  Grant  became  Presi- 
dent, he  appointed  Mr.  Hudson  Minister  to  the  Central  American  States, 
a  position  he  held  until  1872.  He  died  at  Burlington  on  the  19th  of  De- 
cember, 1896. 

JOSEPH  C.  HUGHES  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Pennsylvania, 
April  1,  1821.  He  completed  his  collegiate  course  at  Jeflferson  College, 
Cannonsburg,  and  was  a  graduate  in  medicine  of  the  University  of  Mary- 
land. In  1845  he  located  at  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio,  and  five  years  later  be- 
came demonstrator  in  anatomy  in  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
at  Keokuk,  Iowa,  then  the  Medical  Department  of  the  State  University. 
In  1851  he  was  elected  to  fill  the  chair  of  anatomy  and  the  following  year 
became  dean  of  the  faculty.  In  1853  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  surgery 
which  he  held  for  many  years.  For  three  sessions  he  performed  double 
duty,  lecturing  often  three  times  a  day  and  to  him  is  largely  due  the 
upbuilding  of  the  institution  in  early  days.  Dr.  Hughes  also  founded  a 
medical  and  surgical  infirmary  and  an  eye  and  ear  institute  in  connection 


JOHN  A.  T.   HULL 


OF  IOWA  139 


with  the  college  and  under  his  management.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
Civil  War,  Dr.  Hughes  was  appointed  Surgeon-General  for  Iowa,  a  posi- 
tion he  held  until  peace  was  established.  He  organized  and  had  personal 
charge  of  the  army  hospitals  at  Keokuk  which  were  among  the  largest  in 
the  west,  having  as  many  as  2,000  patients  within  the  wards  at  one  time. 
Dr.  Hughes  was  also  president  of  the  Board  of  Medical  Examiners  dttring 
the  war.  In  1866  he  was  elected  one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the  American 
Medical  Association  and  was  its  delegate  to  the  British  Association  for 
the  Promotion  of  Science,  the  Provincial  Medical  Association  of  Great 
Britain  and  the  American  Medical  Society  of  Paris.  He  was  twice  presi- 
dent of  the  State  Medical  Society  of  Iowa  and  for  a  time  editor  of  the 
Iowa  Medical  Journal. 

JOHN  A.  T.  HULL  was  born  in  Sabrina,  Clinton  County,  Ohio,  May 
1,  1841.  His  father  removed  to  Iowa  in  1849,  locating  in  Van  Buren  County. 
The  son  received  his  education  at  the  Mount  Pleasant  Wesleyan  College 
and  graduated  from  the  Cincinnati  Law  School  in  1862.  He  then  enlisted 
in  the  Union  army,  was  chosen  first  lieutenant  of  Company  G,  Twenty-third 
Iowa  Infantry,  and  was  in  November  promoted  to  captain.  Mr.  Hull  was 
wounded  in  the  Battle  of  Black  River  Bridge,  May  17,  1863,  and  in 
October  resigned  on  account  of  his  wounds.  He  was  for  several  years 
editor  of  the  Bloomfield  Republican  and  in  1872  was  chosen  secretary  of 
the  State  Senate,  which  position  he  continued  to  hold  until  the  close  of  the 
session  of  1878.  In  the  summer  of  that  year  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Republican  State  Convention  for  Secretary  of  State  and  elected,  serving 
in  that  office  for  three  terms.  In  1885,  he  was  the  Republican  candidate 
for  Lieutenant-Governor  and  was  elected,  serving  four  years.  In  1889  he 
was  a  prominent  candidate  before  the  Republican  State  Convention  for 
Governor  but  was  unsuccessful.  In  1892  he  was  elected  Representative  in 
Congress  for  the  Seventh  District  and  has  been  reelected  continuously  to 
the  close  of  the  Nineteenth  century.  As  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
military  affairs,  he  became  one  of  the  most  influential  members  during 
the  War  with  Spain  and  the  Philippine  Islands. 

JOHN  D.  HUNTER,  pioneer  journalist,  was  born  August  12,  1834. 
at  Knoxville  Jefferson  County,  Ohio.  His  early  education  was  acquired 
in  the  public  schools  and  closed  with  two  years  in  Ashland  Academy.  At 
the  age  of  fifteen  he  entered  his  father's  printing  office  where  he  learned 
the  trade,  and  when  twenty,  he  issued  the  first  number  of  the  Hoosier 
Banner.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1856,  locating  in  1858  at  Eldora  where  he 
purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  Hardin  County  Sentinel.  He  held  a  num- 
ber of  positions  of  trust  in  the  county,  and  in  1863  removed  his  paper  to 
Iowa  Falls.  When  the  Civil  War  began  Mr.  Hunter  resigned  the  office  of 
county  treasurer  to  enter  the  army  where  he  served  until  peace  was  re- 


140  HISTORY 


stored.  In  1867  he  purchased  the  Hamilton  Freeman,  removing  to  Web- 
ster City  which  became  his  permanent  home,  where  he  has  conducted  that 
journal  for  more  than  thirty-six  years.  He  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the 
Twelfth  General  Assembly,  representing  the  district  composed  of  the  coun- 
ties of  Wright,  Hamilton,  Franklin  and  Hancock,  and  serving  two  terms. 
Mr.  Hunter  was  the  author  of  the  first  bill  introduced  into  the  Iowa  Gen- 
eral Assembly  providing  for  a  Board  of  Control  for  the  management  of  the 
State  institutions.  A  favorable  report  was  made  by  the  committee  to 
which  the  bill  was  referred,  but  it  was  defeated  in  the  House.  He  will  be 
remembered  long  in  the  annals  of  wise  legislation  as  the  originator  of  the 
plan  which  after  many  years  of  consideration  by  Governors  and  legislators 
was  enacted  into  law,  working  a  great  reform  in  the  government  of  the  pub- 
lic institutions  of  the  State.  It  has  been  already  demonstrated  that  the 
adoption  of  Mr.  Hunter's  bill  of  thirty  years  ago  would  have  saved  to  the 
State  millions  of  dollars  without  in  any  way  having  detracted  from  the 
efiiciency  of  the  institutions.  In  1872  Mr.  Hunter  was  appointed  trustee 
of  the  Iowa  Reform  School. 

JAMES  S.  HURLEY  was  of  Quaker  ancestry,  and  was  born  in  Cham- 
paign County,  Ohio,  May  18,  1829.  In  1840  the  family  removed  to  Iowa, 
locating  in  Wapello,  Louisa  County.  His  early  education  was  acquired  in 
the  public  schools  and  in  1852  he  entered  the  academic  department  of  Knox 
College  at  Galesburg,  Illinois.  In  1853  he  entered  a  law  school  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1S54,  serving  the  following  year  as  prosecuting 
attorney  for  the  county.  In  1861  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  and 
during  his  term  secured  the  passage  of  a  bill  for  the  settlement  of  the 
long  pending  swamp  land  claims.  Under  the  provisions  of  this  act  a  large 
amount  of  swamp  land  was  reclaimed.  As  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
State  Library  in  the  session  of  1864,  Senator  Hurley  secured  the  enact- 
ment of  laws  greatly  improving  the  library.  He  was  one  of  the  originators 
of  the  railroad  from  Burlington  to  Cedar  Rapids  and  became  a  director 
of  the  company  and  member  of  the  executive  committee.  In  1869  Mr.  Hur- 
ley was  again  elected  to  the  Senate  where  he  was  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  public  lands.  In  1872  he  was  chairman  of  the  judiciary  com- 
mittee being  the  author  of  important  changes  in  the  judicial  system.  He 
was  also  the  author  of  the  act  of  that  session  regulating  the  taxation  of 
railroad  property.     Mr.  Hurley  died  many  years  ago. 

STILSON  HUTCHINS,  journalist,  was  born  at  Whitefield,  New  Hamp- 
shire, in  November,  1838,  and  was  educated  in  the  Boston  High  schools, 
preparatory  schools,  and  graduated  at  Harvard  University.  In  November, 
1854,  he  came  to  Iowa,  first  locating  at  Osage,  in  Mitchell  County,  where 
he  established  the  'Korth  loioan,  which  he  published  until  about  the  year 
1860  when  he  removed  to  Des  Moines  and  purchased  the  State  Journal, 


x^a^K)  - -jgg----i.:-  -'.--,->igr o^^^Bfei-aaaa^^.'fej^ja^ jtakf  iaisu^;^. 


^Aty^\/c>£^ 


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YORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY! 


Astw,  Lenox  and  Tilden    '/ 


/'  THE 

((      NEW  YORK 
(i  PUBLIC  LIBRARY  i 

Astof,teno){andTilden 
Foundations. 


OF  IOWA  141 


a  Democratic  paper  founded  by  William  Porter.  Under  the  energetic  man- 
agement of  Mr.  Hutchins  the  Journal  became  one  of  the  leading  Democratic 
papers  of  the  State  and  its  proprietor  acquired  ^\'ide  influence  in  his  party. 
After  a  few  years  Mr.  Hutchins  disposed  of  the  Journal,  removing  to  Du- 
buque Avhere  for  four  years  he  was  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Daily 
Herald.  In  1866  Mr.  Hutchins  removed  to  St.  Louis  and  established  the 
Daily  Times  which  he  published  until  1877.  During  this  time  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Missouri  Legislature.  Returning  to  New  Hampshire  he 
served  a  term  in  the  Legislature  in  1880.  Soon  after  he  went  to  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  and  established  the  Washington  Post  which  became  the  leading 
daily  paper  at  the  National  Capital.  For  many  years  he  has  been  engaged 
in  large  business  enterprises  in  that  city. 

JAMES  G.  HUTCHISON  was  born  September  11,  1840,  in  Northum- 
berland County,  Pennsylvania.  He  received  a  liberal  education,  graduat- 
ing at  Dickinson  Seminary  in  1862  after  taking  a  fotir  years'  course.  He 
entered  the  army  as  first  lieutenant.  One  Hundred  Thirty-first  Volunteer 
Infantry,  serving  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  at  the  great  battles  of  Fred- 
ericksburg, Antietam  and  Chancellorsville.  He  took  part  in  the  Gettys- 
burg campaign  as  captain  in  the  Twenty-eighth  Infantry,  called  out  to 
repel  the  Confederate  invasion  of  Pennsylvania  and  received  special  men- 
tion for  bravery  in  the  assault  on  Maryes  Hill  at  the  Battle  of  Fred- 
ericksburg. Returning  from  the  war  he  graduated  from  the  Cleveland  Law 
School  and  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Ottumwa  where  he  entered  into 
partnership  with  Hon.  E.  H.  Stiles.  In  1879  Captain  Hutchinson  was 
elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Eight- 
eenth General  Assembly.  In  1881  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  where 
by  reelection  he  served  eight  years.  He  was  the  author  of  the  law  foT 
registering  voters  which  has  become  the  settled  policy  of  the  State.  As 
a  member  of  the  committees  on  judiciary,  appropriations  and  chairman  of 
ways  and  means  he  became  the  leader  of  the  Senate  and  by  wise  measures 
relieved  the  State  from  a  large  indebtedness  during  his  term  of  service. 
In  1889  he  was  nominated  for  Governor  by  the  Republican  State  Conven- 
tion at  the  time  when  there  was  a  large  defection  from  the  party  on  pro- 
hibition. Mr.  Hutchison  made  a  strong  canvas,  standing  manfully  upon 
the  prohibition  platform  adopted  by  his  party,  but  the  defection  of  the 
saloon  element  of  the  Republicans  which  went  to  the  support  of  the 
Democratic  candidate,  elected  Horace  Boies  Governor.  Captain  Hutchi- 
son was  for  seven  years  president  of  the  Ottumwa  National  Bank  and  has 
for  a  quarter  of  a  century  been  the  promoter  of  large  business  enterprises 
in  Ottumwa. 

HARVEY  INGHAM,  journalist,  was  born  at  Algona,  Iowa,  September 
8,  1858.  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  the  State  University 


142  HISTORY 


of  Iowa.  He  graduated  from  the  Law  Department  in  1881,  and  returning 
to  Algona  in  1882  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Upper  Des  Moines.  Tak- 
ing editorial  charge  of  the  paper  he  developed  into  an  able  journalist.  He 
served  as  postmaster  of  Algona  from  1898  to  1902.  In  1892  he  was  elected 
regent  of  the  State  University,  serving  until  1902.  Upon  the  consolida- 
tion of  the  Iowa  State  Register  and  the  Des  Moines  Leader  at  the  Capital, 
Mr.  Ingham  was  selected  by  the  owners  as  the  managing  editor  and  at 
once  entered  upon  the  duties  of  the  position. 

WILLIAM  H.  INGHAM  was  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  in  north- 
western Iowa,  having  lived  in  Kossuth  County  nearaly  fifty  years.  He 
was  born  at  Ingham's  Mills  in  the  State  of  New  York,  November  27, 
1827.  He  received  a  liberal  education  in  the  schools  of  that  section.  In 
1849  he  made  a  trip  through  the  eastern  part  of  Iowa,  and  was  so  charmed 
with  the  new  country  that  in  1851  he  located  at  Cedar  Rapids  where  he  en- 
gaged in  surveying  and  locating  lands  for  incoming  settlers.  In  1854  he 
traveled  through  a  portion  of  northwestern  Iowa,  which  was  then  almos.t 
entirely  unsettled.  He  determined  to  make  his  home  in  Kossuth  County 
and  in  January,  1855,  selected  a  claim  near  where  Algona  stands.  As 
soon  as  the  business  of  the  new  town  would  support  a  banking  house  he 
began  to  do  business  in  that  line.  In  1870,  in  company  with  Lewis  H. 
Smith  (another  pioneer),  a  bank  was  organized  which  three  years  later  be- 
came the  Kossuth  County  Bank.  In  1862,  after  the  Minnesota  massacre 
by  the  Sioux  Indians  had  begun.  Governor  Kirkwood  authorized  Mr.  Ing- 
ham to  organize  a  military  company  for  the  protection  of  that  part  of 
the  State,  and  sent  him  a  commission  as  captain.  Other  companies  were 
raised  and  all  were  united  in  the  Northern  Border  Brigade,  which  effectu- 
ally checked  the  incursion  of  the  Sioux  into  northern  Iowa.  Captain  Ing- 
ham has  been  an  active  force  in  the  development  of  northwest  Iowa  for 
nearly  half  a  century. 

JOHN  P.  IRISH  was  born  in  Iowa  City  on  the  1st  of  January,  1843. 
He  received  a  common  school  education  but  at  the  early  age  of  seventeen 
had  made  such  progress  as  to  become  a  teacher.  When  he  had  reached 
the  age  of  twenty-one  he  assumed  the  editorial  management  of  the  Iowa 
City  Press  and  developed  such  ability  both  as  a  writer  and  public  speaker 
that  he  was  soon  recognized  as  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Democratic  party 
of  the  State.  In  1867  he  was  elected  to  represent  Johnson  County  in  the 
House  of  the  Eleventh  General  Assembly  and  was  twice  reelected,  serving 
six  years.  He  had,  as  a  teacher,  seen  the  harm  of  electing  members  of 
school  boards  on  a  partisan  ticket,  and  was  the  author  of  the  law  changing 
the  time  of  electing  school  officers  from  the  general  to  a  special  election, 
thus  taking  their  election  out  of  partisan  politics.  His  bill  also  author- 
ized the  directors  to  choose  f>  president  outside  of  their  own  number.     This 


OF   IOWA  143 


salutary  change  in  the  law  destroyed  the  partisan  character  of  school 
boards.  The  reform  was  commended  by  the  National  Commissioner  of 
Education  and  is  referred  to  at  length  by  Professor  Parker  in  his  "  History 
of  the  Public  School  System  of  Iowa."  While  a  member  of  the  Legislature 
Mr.  Irish  secured  an  addition  to  the  endowment  fund  of  the  State  Univer- 
sity and  having  been  elected  one  of  the  regents  of  that  institution,  was 
largely  instrumental  in  securing  the  establishment  of  the  Law  and  Medi- 
cal Departments.  In  1868  Mr.  Irish  was  the  Democratic  candidate,  for 
Congress  in  the  Fourth  District  but  the  Republican  majority  was  too  large 
to  be  overcome.  In  1877  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democratic  State  Con- 
vention for  Governor  and  made  a  vigorous  campaign  but  was  defeated  by 
Governor  Gear.  Mr.  Irish  was  long  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  Soldiers' 
Orphans'  Home.  He  removed  to  California,  where  he  was  for  many  years 
president  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  State  Home  of  the  Adult  Blind 
of  which  institution  he  was  one  of  the  founders.  In  1896  Mr.  Irish  was 
one  of  the  National  leaders  in  organizing  the  political  movement  which 
resulted  in  the  formation  of  the  "  Gold  Standard  "  Democracy,  which  sep- 
arated from  the  regular,  or  Bryan  Democratic  party,  and  supported  an- 
other candidate  for  President.  He  was  actively  engaged  in  the  campaign 
as  a  public  speaker  in  several  States  and  was  a  member  of  the  executive 
committee  of  the  Monetary  Congress  organized  in  1897  to  promote  the  per- 
manent establishment  of  the  gold  standard.  In  1894  Mr.  Irish  was  ap- 
pointed Naval  OflBcer  of  Customs  at  San  Francisco,  which  position  he  held 
at  the  close  of  the  Nineteenth  Century. 

JOHN  N.  IRWIN  was  born  in  Ohio,  in  1847.  His  early  education 
was  secured  in  the  public  schools  of  that  State,  and  later  he  attended  the 
Miami  University.  After  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  he  went  to  Dartmouth 
College  where  he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1867.  He  came  with  his  father's 
family  to  Iowa,  making  his  home  in  Keokuk  where  they  engaged  in  mer- 
cantile business.  At  seventeen  years  of  age  he  enlisted  in  the  Union  army. 
In  1875  he  was  elected  Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Sixteenth  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  serving  one  term.  In  1883  Mr.  Irwin  was  appointed  by 
President  Arthur,  Governor  of  Idaho  Territory.  After  retiirning  to  Keokuk 
he  was  elected  mayor.  In  1890  he  was  appointed  by  President  Harrison 
Governor  of  the  Territory  of  Arizona.  In  1899  President  McKinley  ten- 
dered him  the  position  of  American  minister  to  Portugal  which  he  ac- 
cepted, resigning  after  about  a  year's  service,  returning  to  his  home  in 
Keokuk. 

NORMAN  W.  ISBELL.  lawyer  and  jurist,  was  a  native  of  Ohio, 
born  in  about  the  year  1818.  He  received  but  a  common  school  education, 
before  entering  upon  the  study  of  law.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1842  when 
it  was  a  Territory,  locating  at  Marion,  in  Linn  County,  where  he  opened 


IM  HISTORY 


a  law  office.  He  served  as  a  county  judge  at  the  period  when  that  oflBcer 
had  almost  supreme  financial  power  in  conducting  the  business  of  his 
county;  a  most  efficient  system,  when  the  judge  was  competent  and  honest, 
but  a  most  dangerous  system  when  occupied  by  an  unscrupulous  man 
clothed  with  despotic  powers  by  law.  Judge  Isbell  was  of  the  best 
class  and  rendered  most  excellent  service.  He  belonged  to  the  old  Whig 
party  in  early  days  but  when  the  slavery  issue  sent  that  neutral  party 
out  of  existence,  Mr.  Isbell  became  a  Republican.  In  1854  he  was  a  law 
partner  of  N.  M.  Hubbard  and  from  1857  to  1860  the  partnership  was  re- 
newed. Under  the  old  Constitution,  he  was  in  January,  1855,  elected  by 
the  Fifth  General  Assembly  Supreme  Judge,  resigning  in  1856  on  account 
of  failing  health.  In  September,  1862,  upon  the  resignation  of  Judge 
Wm.  E.  Miller  of  the  Eighth  Judicial  District,  Governor  Kirkwood  ap- 
pointed Judge  Isbell  to  fill  the  vacancy.  He  was  elected  at  the  expiration 
of  the  term  but  after  serving  until  August  31,  1864,  resigned  and  re- 
moved to  California,  where  he  died  of  consumption  the  same  year.  Judge 
Hubbard,  his  former  partner,  pronounced  Judge  Isbell  to  have  been  an 
able  jurist,  thoroughly  equipped  in  all  that  makes  an  excellent  judge. 

CHARLES  J.  IVES  of  Cedar  Rapids  is  an  illustration  of  a  class  of 
citizens  of  Iowa,  starting  in  boyhood  with  only  an  inheritance  of  intellect, 
energy  and  a  laudable  ambition  to  accomplish  something  worth  living  for, 
has  attained  a  high  position  in  one  of  the  great,  industries  of  the  age. 
He  was  born  in  Rutland  County,  Vermont,  October  4,  1831.  He  had  but 
a  limited  school  education,  working  on  his  father's  farm  until  grown  when 
he  went  with  the  crowds  of  gold  seekers  to  the  mining  region  of  Pike's 
Peak.  Returning  to  Iowa  he  obtained  a  subordinate  position  in  a  local 
office  of  the  Burlington  Railroad  Company.  Obtaining  a  knowledge  of  the 
business,  in  1871  he  was  appointed  freight  agent  of  the  first  division  of 
the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Minnesota  Railway  Company.  From 
this  position  he  gained  more  knowledge  of  the  growing  railroad  system 
and  business  then  in  the  process  of  rapid  development  and  developed  the 
qualities  required  by  that  great  industry  and  arose  rapidly  and  steadily 
from  one  position  to  another  until  he  had  mastered  the  exacting  problems 
of  successful  management  and  attained  the  control  of  the  complicated 
business,  holding  the  positions  of  president  and  general  superintendent  of 
the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railway.  When  he  first  entered 
its  service,  the  entire  length  of  the  road  was  forty  miles.  Largely  owing 
to  his  executive  management  and  enterprise  the  system  now  has  lines  over 
the  State  aggregating  1,500  miles  in  length. 

FRANK  D.  JACKSON,  fourteenth  Governor  of  Iowa,  was  born  at  Ar- 
cade, Wyoming  County,  New  York,  January  26,  1854.  In  1867  he  came  with 
his  parents  to  Jesup,  in  Buchanan  County,   Iowa,  where  he  attended  the 


OF  IOWA  145 


public  schools.  He  also  attended  the  fitate  Agricultural  College,  afterward 
entering  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  University  where  he  graduated  in 
1874.  He  removed  to  Butler  County  in  1880,  settling  at  Greene,  where  he 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  He  was  chosen  secretary  of  the  State  Senate 
in  the  winter  of  1882  and  reelected  in  1884.  At  the  Republican  State  Con- 
vention of  1884  he  was  nominated  for  Secretary  of  State  and  elected,  serving 
by  successive  elections  for  three  terms.  In  1893  he  was  nominated  by  the 
Republican  State  Convention  for  Governor.  For  four  years  the  Demo- 
cratic party  had  secured  the  chief  executive  in  the  election  of  Governor 
Boies.  The  campaign  was  conducted  with  great  vigor  on  both  sides  and 
resulted  in  the  election  of  Frank  D.  Jackson  by  a  plurality  of  more  than 
32,000.  Governor  Jackson  served  but  one  term,  declining  to  be  a  candi- 
date for  reelection. 

BERRYMAN  JENNINGS,  Iowa's  first  school-master,  was  born  in 
Kentucky  in  1807.  Nothing  is  known  of  his  boyhood  or  early  education. 
In  1826  he  removed  to  Commerce,  a  small  town  in  Illinois,  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Mississippi  River  which  became  famous  as  the  Mormon  city  of 
Nauvoo.  There  was  a  settlement  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  in  the 
"  Half  Breed  "  tract  where  Dr.  Isaac  Galland,  an  educated  man,  lived  with 
his  family,  where  the  town  of  Nashville  stands.  It  was  here  in  1830  that 
Berryman  Jennings,  then  a  young  man,  opened  a  school  in  a  log  cabin. 
Very  little  is  known  of  this  first  school  more  than  that  it  was  small  and 
that  among  its  pupils  were  Washington  Galland  (who  was  afterwards  a 
member  of  the  Legislature),  his  sisters  and  Captain  J.  W.  Campbell.  Mr. 
Jennings  later  studied  medicine  with  Dr.  Galland  and  at  one  time  was  a 
merchant  in  Burlington.  In  1847  he  joined  an  emigrant  train  and  made 
the  journey  to  Oregon  by  wagon.  He  settled  in  Oregon  City,  built  a  steam- 
boat on  the  Columbia  River  and  engaged  in  trade  with  San  Francisco.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Oregon  Legislature  and  also  served  as  Register  of  the 
United  States  Land  Office.    He  died  on  the  22d  of  December,  1888. 

EDWARD  JOHNSTON  was  born  in  Westmoreland  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, July  4,  1815.  He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  in  1837 
went  west,  stopping  at  Burlington,  then  in  Wisconsin  Territory.  He  was 
one  of  the  clerks  of  the  Legislature  and  at  the  session  of  1837-8  was  elected 
one  of  the  commissioners  to  take  testimony  in  the  legal  controversy  over  the 
titles  to  the  "  Half  Breed  "  lands  in  Lee  County.  Soon  after  he  located  at 
Fort  Madison  and  was  employed  as  counsel  by  the  St.  Louis  claimants  to 
these  lands  to  secure  a  division,  which  resulted  in  a  decree  of  title.  In 
1839  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Second  Legislative  Assembly  of  the 
new  Territory  of  Iowa  and  was  chosen  Speaker,  serving  at  the  regular  and 
special  sessions.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Council  of  the  Third 
Legislative  Assembly  and  served  through  the  Fourth  also.  As  a  laAvyer 
[Vol.   4] 


146  HISTORY 


and  legislator  he  ranked  high  and  had  great  influence  in  framing  laws  and 
shaping  the  policy  of  the  Territory.  When  James  K.  Polk  became  Presi- 
dent he  appointed  Mr.  Johnston  United  States  District  Attorney  for  Iowa'. 
He  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  present  Con- 
stitution of  the  State  and  was  one  of  the  most  influential  of  the  delegates 
in  that  body.  The  last  public  position  held  by  him  was  President  of  the 
"  Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association."  Judge  Johnston  was  a  lifelong 
Democrat.  After  his  death,  Hon.  S.  M.  Clark,  a  Republican  member  of 
Congress,  and  long  editor  of  the  Gate  City,  wrote  of  Judge  Johnston: 

"  He  was  one  of  the  best  as  well  as  one  of  the  greatest  men  we  have 
ever  known.  No  man  in  Iowa  had  more  to  do  with  the  making  and  shaping 
of  the  Commonwealth  than  he.  He  had  a  hand  in  making  both  statutes 
and  Constitution.  In  the  first  quarter  century  of  the  Territory  and  State 
there  was  not  an  act  of  public  importance  done  that  he  was  not  consulted, 
and  his  judgment  used  in  fashioning  it." 

He  died  on  the  27th  of  May,  1891.  Two  of  his  brothers  were  Gover- 
nors; one  of  Pennsylvania  and  another  of  California. 

GEORGE  W.  JONES  was  born  in  Vincennes,  Indiana,  April  12,  1804. 
His  father,  John  R.  Jones,  was  a  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Missouri.  The  son,  George  W.,  was  educated  in  Transylvania  University 
in  Kentucky.  When  a  small  boy  he  served  as  a  drummer  in  a  volunteer 
company  in  the  war  with  Great  Britain.  In  1823  he  made  the  acquaint- 
ance of  Jefferson  Davis  who  was  a  young  oSicer  in  the  military  service 
on  the  frontier.  They  met  again  in  the  Black  Hawk  War  and  later  served 
long  together  in  the  United  States  Senate  and  were  warm  friends.  George 
W.  studied  law  and  in  1827  removed  to  Michigan  Territory  where  he  en- 
gaged in  mining.  During  the  Black  Hawk  War  he  served  on  the  staff  of 
Greneral  Henry  Dodge.  In  1835  he  was  elected  delegate  from  Michigan  Ter- 
ritory to  Congress.  Michigan  at  that  time  embraced  that  region  of  the 
northwest  which  was  divided  into  the  States  of  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Min- 
nesota, Iowa  and  the  Dakotas.  He  secured  the  organization  of  the  Terri- 
tory of  Wisconsin,  in  1837,  was  the  first  delegate  in  Congress  from  that 
Territory  and  procured  the  establishment  of  Iowa  Territory.  In  1845  he 
was  appointed  Surveyor-General  of  Iowa  and  removed  to  Dubuque.  In 
1848  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  first  United  States  Senators  from  the  State 
of  Iowa.  He  was  thoroughly  devoted  to  the  interests  of  the  new  State 
and  during  his  long  term  of  service  in  the  Senate  worked  untiringly  for  its 
material  prosperity.  His  intimate  knowledge  of  needs  of  the  north- 
west, derived  from  long  residence  on  the  frontier  and  his  wide  acquaint- 
ance with  the  public  men  of  that  period,  enabled  him  to  secure  such  legis- 
lation as  was  required  for  the  rapid  development  of  the  great  natural  re- 
sources of  the  new  State.  In  1852  he  was  reelected  for  a  term  of  six 
years  but  before  its  expiration  the  State  passed  under  the  control  of  the 


OF   IOWA  147 


Republican  party.  As  General  Jones  was  a  lifelong  Democrat  he  could 
not  hope  for  a  third  election  and  President  Buchanan  appointed  him 
United  States  Minister  to  New  Grenada  in  South  America.  After  his  re- 
turn from  that  mission  in  1861  General  Jones  was  arrested  by  a  United 
States  marshal  and  confined  in  Fort'  Lafayette  for  about  two  months  on 
a  charge  of  disloyalty.  He  had  written  a  private  letter  to  his  old  friend, 
Jefferson  Davis,  which  had  been  intercepted  by  a  Government  official.  In 
the  letter  were  found  indiscreet  if  not  disloyal  expressions  and  in  that 
time  of  great  public  excitement  over  secession  and  Rebellion  the  arrest 
followed.  He  was  never  indicted  or  placed  on  trial  and  President  Lincoln 
soon  ordered  his  release.  In  1892  General  Jones  was  granted  a  pension 
by  special  act  of  Congress  for  services  in  the  Black  Hawk  War.  In  April, 
1894,  Governor  Jackson  and  the  General  Assembly  of  Iowa  then  in  ses- 
sion, tendered  to  General  Jones  a  public  reception  in  recognition  of  his 
valuable  services  in  the  formative  periods  of  the  Territory  and  State. 
General  Jones  died  at  his*  home  in  Dubuque  July  22,  1896,  at  the  age  of 
ninety-two. 

EDMUND  L.  JOY  was  born  at  Albany,  New  York,  October  1,  1835, 
and  was  educated  at  Anthony's  Classical  Institute,  Albany  Academy  and 
the  University  of  Rochester.  He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1857  and  immediately  thereafter  removed  to  Iowa,  making  his  home  at 
Keokuk  where  he  entered  upon  practice.  Later  he  settled  in  Ottumwa 
where  he  was  chosen  city  attorney  in  1860.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil 
War  he  was  active  in  raising  troops  and  upon  the  organization  of  the 
Thirty-sixth  Regiment  of  Iowa  Volunteers  he  was  elected  captain  of  Com- 
pany B.  He  participated  in  the  campaigns  in  Tennessee,  the  siege  of 
Vicksburg  and  the  Yazoo  Pass  expedition,  taking  part  in  the  engagement 
at  Fort  Pemberton.  At  the  Battle  of  Helena  he  commanded  the  left  wing 
of  the  regiment  and  was  in  the  Little  Rock  campaign.  In  1864  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Lincoln  Judge  Advocate,  with  the  rank  of  major, 
and  assigned  to  the  Seventh  Army  Corps,  serving  in  the  Department  of 
Arkansas.  He  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  judicial  system  of  the 
State  under  reconstruction  and  aided  in  the  reestablishment  of  the  State 
government  after  the  close  of  the  war,  under  a  new  Constitution.  After 
retiring  from  the  service  he  removed  to  Newark,  New  Jersey,  where  he 
served  in  the  Legislature  of  that  State  in  1871-2.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the 
Republican  National  Convention  in  1880and  in  1884-5  he  was  a  Government 
director  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  Company  by  appointment  of  Presi- 
dent Arthur.     Mr.  Joy  died  at  Newark,  New  Jersey,  February  14,  1892. 

WILLIAM  L.  JOY  was  one  of  the  sturdy  pioneers  of  Sioux  City  and 
for  a  quarter  of  a  century  one  of  the  foremost  lawyers  of  northwestern 
Iowa.    He  was  born  in  Townshend,  Vermont,  August  17,  1830.    After  gradu- 


148  HISTORY 


ating  at  Amherst  College  in  1855,  he  read  law  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar.  In  the  spring  of  1857  he  traveled  westward  until  he  reached  the  then 
little  frontier  town  of  Sioux  City  where  he  decided  to  make  his  home.  He 
became  a  partner  of  N.  C.  Hudson  in  the  practice  of  law,  and  some  years 
later  became  a  partner  with  Craig  L.  Wright,  and  for  twenty  years  the 
law  firm  of  Joy  &  Wright  was  the  leading  one  in  Sioux  City.  They  were 
attorneys  for  the  Illinois  Railway  Company,  the  Sioux  City  and  Pacific, 
the  Dakota  Southern,  Columbus  and  Black  Hills  Railway  companies  and 
the  Iowa  Falls  and  Sioux  City  Railroad  Land  Company.  In  1865  Mr.  Joy 
was  elected  Representative  for  the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of 
Plymouth,  Woodbury,  Cherokee  and  Sioux,  in  the  Eleventh  General  As- 
sembly, where  he  ranked  high  as  a  legislator.  He  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  Sioux  National  Bank,  and  served  as  president  up  to  1896.  He 
was  also  deeply  interested  in  the  public  schools  serving  for  twenty  years 
as  a  director  and  president  of  the  board.  He  died  in  California,  July  1, 
1899. 

JOSEPH  M.  JUNKIN  was  a  native  of  Iowa,  having  been  born  at 
Fairfield  in  1854.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Fairfield  and  Red 
Oak,  taking  the  law  course  at  the  State  University  at  Iowa  City,  gradu- 
ating in  1879.  Soon  after  he  entered  into  partnership  with  Horace  E. 
Deemer,  who  became  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State.  In 
1895  Mr.  Junkin  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  of  the  district  com- 
posed of  the  counties  of  Mills  and  Montgomery  for  State  Senator.  He 
was  elected  and  served  in  the  Twenty-sixth  and  Twenty-seventh  General 
Assemblies,  attaining  high  rank  as  a  legislator.  At  the  close  of  his  term 
he  was  reelected  serving  in  the  Twenty-eighth  and  Twenty-ninth  General 
Assemblies,  taking  an  active  part  in  the  important  work  of  the  two  ses- 
sions. 

WILLIAM  W.  JUNKIN,  veteran  journalist,  was  born  at  Wheeling, 
Virginia,  January  25,  1831.  He  attended  the  common  schools  in  boy- 
hood and  at  eleven  years  of  age  set  type  in  the  office  of  the  Wheeling  Ar- 
gus. In  1843  he  came  with  his  father's  family  to  Iowa  Territory,  locating 
on  a  farm  in  Lee  County.  In  1845  on  removing  to  Fairfield  in  Jefferson 
County,  he  became  an  apprentice  in  the  ofiice  of  the  Iowa  Sentinel,  a  weekly 
paper  established  that  year  by  A.  R.  Sparks.  In  the  summer  of  1849 
he  went  to  Fort  Des  Moines  where  Barlow  Granger  was  about  to  issue 
the  first  number  of  the  Iowa  Star,  the  first  newspaper  published  at  the 
future  capital  of  the  State.  He  procured  work  in  the  office  and  assisted 
on  the  first  issue  of  the  paper,  continuing  in  the  office  for  some  months. 
Returning  to  Fairfield,  on  the  26th  of  May,  1853,  he  became  the  half  owner 
and  publisher  of  the  Fairfield  Ledger  which  had  been  established  about  a 
year  before.    Mr.  Junkin  in  August,  1854,  purchased  Mr.  Fulton's  interest 


GCl^^-^l^^^^^-^^ 


OF  IOWA  149 


and  became  sole  editor  and  proprietor.  He  was  a  Whig  and  then  a  Re- 
publican. Few  men  have  worked  more  intelligently  for  the  development 
of  a  town  and  State  that  this  pioneer  journalist.  Mr.  Junkin  held  many 
local  oflaces  but  never  sought  higher  positions,  preferring  to  give  his  best 
energies  to  his  chosen  profession.  During  General  Harrison's  adminis- 
tration he  served  as  United  States  Indian  Inspector.  Mr.  Junkin  died  at 
his  home  in  Fairfield  on  the  21st  of  February,  1903,  at  the  age  of  seventy- 
three,  after  service  as  a  journalist  continuously  for  more  than  half  a  cen- 
tury on  the  Fairfield  Ledger. 

JOHN  L.  KAMREE.  has  long  been  one  of  the  prominent  lawyers  and 
Republicans  of  north  central  Iowa.  He  was  born  in  Union  County,  Penn- 
sylvania, October  12,  1842,  secured  a  liberal  education  and  was  at  one 
time  principal  of  the  public  schools  of  Savannah,  Illinois.  He  was  a  lieu- 
tenant in  the  One  Hundred  Forty-sixth  Illinois  Volunteers  in  1864.  In 
1869  Mr.  Kamrer  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  in  Webster  City,  where  he 
soon  after  began  the  practice  of  law  and  has  attained  high  rank  in  the 
profession.  In  1881  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  the  district 
composed  of  the  counties  of  Hamilton  and  Hardin,  serving  in  the  Nine- 
teenth and  Twentieth  General  Assemblies.  He  was  the  author  of  a  number 
of  important  laws  which  remain  on  the  statute  books.  At  the  Republican 
State  Convention  of  1895  Mr.  Kamrer  was  one  of  the  prominent  candi- 
dates for  nomination  for  Governor. 

JOHN  A.  KASSON  was  born  at  Charlotte,  Vermont,  January  11,  1822. 
His  father  died  when  he  was  but  six  years  old  and  his  boyhood  days  were  a 
struggle  to  support  himself  and  secure  an  education.  He  finally  gradu- 
ated at  the  State  University  in  1842,  taught  school  and  studied  law.  in 
1851  he  went  to  St.  Louis  and  practiced  his  profession  for  six  years.  In 
1857  he  removed  to  Des  Moines  and  in  1858  was  appointed  by  Governor 
Lowe  to  examine  and  report  upon  the  condition  of  the  State  offices.  The 
same  year  he  was  chosen  chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Committee 
and  effected  a  strong  organization  of  the  new  party.  He  was  a  delegate 
from  Iowa  to  the  famous  National  Republican  Convention  held  at  Chi- 
cago in  May,  1860,  which  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for  President  and 
was  selected  by  the  Iowa  delegation  to  act  on  the  committee  on  resolu- 
tions which  at  that  critical  time  was  to  frame  a  platform  for  the  party  in 
the  campaign.  The  committee  was  made  up  with  great  care  in  view  of  the 
momentous  issues  involved  and  among  iis  members  were  some  of  the  most 
eminent  men  of  the  Nation.  It  consisted  of  one  from  each  State  and  upon 
its  organization  and  comparison  of  views  it  was  evident  that  the  drafting 
of  a  platform  must  be  delegated  to  a  few  men  to  expedite  the  work.  On 
motion  of  Mr.  Kasson  a  subcommittee  of  five  was  chosen  for  this  pur- 
pose.   It  consisted  of  Horace  Greeley,  Carl  Sehurz,  John  A.  Kasson,  Austin 


150  '      HISTORY 


Blair  and  William  Jessup.  This  subcommittee  received  all  resolutions 
submitted  and  then  proceeded  to  consider  them  and  agree  upon  the  essen- 
tial topics  to  be  embraced  in  the  platform.  It  unanimously  indorsed  Mr. 
Kasson's  declaration  "  that  the  normal  condition  of  all  the  territory  of 
the  United  States  is  that  of  freedom."  At  midnight  three  of  the  members 
retired  exhausted,  leaving  Kasson  and  Greeley  to  complete  the  vv'ork.  As 
daylight  approached,  Mr.  Greeley  vrent  to  the  telegraph  office  to  send  the 
substance  of  the  resolutions  to  the  Tribune,  while  Kasson  finished  and  re- 
vised the  platform.  At  nine  in  the  morning  Mr.  Kasson  reported 
the  platform  to  the  general  committee  and  it  was  approved  by  a  unani- 
mous vote.  There  was  a  diversity  of  opinions  on  the  tariff,  which  was 
difficult  to  reconcile.  Mr.  Kasson  iinally  drafted  a  resolution  on  the  sub- 
ject which  all  accepted.  The  New  York  Tribune,  on  the  18th,  published 
the  following  from  Mr,  Greeley:  ' 

"  The  platform  gives  great  satisfaction  and  the  demonstrations  of 
applause  on  its  adoption  were  most  enthusiastic,  lasting  several  minutes. 
When  the  tariff  resolution  was  read  there  was  great  rejoicing,  more  than 
over  any  other.  Such  a  platform,  so  adopted,  is  a  new  era  in  American 
party  polities." 

On  the  22d  the  Tribune  said  editorially: 

"  The  platform  presented,  so  generally  satisfactory  as  it  has  proved, 
is  eminently  due  to  John  A.  Kasson  of  Iowa,  whose  efforts  to  reconcile 
differences,  and  to  secure  the  largest  liberty  of  sentiment  consistent  with 
fidelity  to  Republican  principles,  were  most  effective  and  untiring.  I  think 
no  former  platform  ever  reflected  more  faiily  and  fully  the  average  con- 
victions of  a  great  National  party." 

This  platform,  as  will  be  remembered,  was  made  the  pretext  for  the 
inauguration  of  the  Rebellion,  which  resulted  in  the  emancipation  of 
4,000,000  of  slaves.  Never  since  Jefferson's  immortal  Declaration  of  In- 
dependence has  a  document  been  framed,  fraught  with  such  momentous 
results  as  this  famous  Chicago  Platform  of  1860,  penned  by  an  Iowa 
statesman.  It  was  with  this  platform  that  the  Republican  party  won  its 
first  national  victory.  Mr.  Kasson  took  an  active  part  in  that  eventful 
campaign  and  upon  the  election  of  Mr.  Lincoln  was  appointed  First  As- 
sistant Postmaster  General.  In  the  summer  of  1863  he  was  nominated 
by  the  Republicans  of  the  Des  Moines  district  for  Representative  in  Con- 
gress and  elected.  The  most  important  measures  originated  by  him  in 
that  body,  were  securing  an  amendment  to  the  bankrupt  laws,  saving  to 
the  head  of  the  family  of  the  debtor  a  homestead.  He  formulated  a  plan 
while  in  the  post-office  department  for  securing  uniform  and  cheaper  post- 
age with  foreign  countries.  He  negotiated  postal  treaties  with  the  chief 
nations  of  Europe.  He  served  in  Congress  six  terms  in  all,  taking  rank 
among  its  ablest  members.  He  afterwards,  as  a  member  of  the  Iowa 
Legislature,  secured  the  building  of  the  permanent  State  House.     In  diplo- 


OF  IOWA  151 

macy  he  has  attained  the  highest  rank  in  the  Nation,  having  served  as 
minister  to  Austria-Hungary  and  Germany.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
United  States  Commission  at  the  Samoan  Conference  at  Berlin  in  1889. 
Durirg  McKinley's  administration  he  negotiated  important  reciprocal 
treaties  with  many  foreign  nations  in  the  interest  of  our  commerce.  Dur- 
ing the  forty  years  of  arduous  and  most  valuable  public  services  rendered 
to  the  State  and  Nation  Mr.  Kasson  has  found  time  to  contribute  to  the 
highest  grade  of  American  periodicals  and  has  written  a  History  of  Diplo- 
macy, which  will  have  world-wide  interest.  Among  the  eminent  states- 
men who  for  fifty  years  have  reflected  credit  upon  our  State,  none  have 
ranked  higher  in  notable  achievements  and  intellectual  endowment  than 
John  A.  Kasson. 

BENJAJVIIN  F.  KEABLES  was  born  in  Genesee  County,  New  York, 
November  30,  1828.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1850,  entering  the  medical  de- 
partment of  the  State  University  which  was  then  located  at  Keokuk  and 
from  which  he  graduated  in  1852.  He  located  at  Bella  where  he  began 
to  practice  medicine.  The  following  year  he  was  president  of  the  school 
board  and  was  influential  in  securing  the  building  of  the  first  brick  school- 
house  in  that  part  of  the  State.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  Dr. 
Keables  was  appointed  by  Governor  Kirkwood  assistant  surgeon  of  the 
Third  Iowa  Infantry.  At  the  Battle  of  Hatchie  the  doctor  was  conspicu- 
ous for  bravery  and  upon  recommendation  of  his  superior  officers  was  pro- 
moted to  regimental  surgeon.  In  1869  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican 
ticket  Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Thirteenth  General  Assembly 
and  was  a  member  at  the  extra  session  which  adopted  the  Code  of  1873. 
In  1371  he  was  reelected,  serving  in  the  Fourteenth  General  Assembly. 
He  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  Pension  Examining  Board  under  Presi- 
dent Harrison;  and  is  a  member  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  Republic  and  the  Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association. 

JOHN  H.  KEATLEY  was  born  in  Center  County,  Pennsylvania,  De- 
cember 1,  1838.  He  secured  his  early  education  by  his  own  exertions, 
working  on  a  farm  to  earn  money  to  pursue  his  studies  until  able  to 
teach  school.  While  preparing  for  his  chosen  profession  in  the  law,  he 
earned  his  living  by  working  on  a  farm  during  the  summers  and  teaching 
winters.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1860  and  immediately  began  prac- 
tice, at  the  same  time  acting  as  editor  of  the  Blair  County  Whig,  a  news- 
paper supporting  the  administration  of  Abraham  Lincoln.  When  the  call 
for  300,000  volunteers  came  in  1862,  Mr.  Keatley  enlisted  in  the  One  Hun- 
dred Twenty-fifth  Pennsylvania  Regiment  which  was  soon  after  engaged 
in  the  second  Battle  of  Bull  Run,  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Chancellors- 
ville,  and  in  the  Gettysburg  campaign  he  was  assistant  Adjutant-General 
on  the  staff  of  General  Higgins.     In   1864-5  he  was  actively  engaged  in 


152  HISTORY 


the  last  battles  under  General  Grant  which  resulted  in  the  capture  of  Gen- 
eral Lee  and  his  army.  Before  his  return  home  Colonel  Keatley  was 
elected  District  Attorney  of  Blair  County.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he 
Avas  detailed  by  General  Terry  to  take  charge  of  the  Freedman's  Bureau 
for  five  counties  in  southeastern  Virginia,  and  was  a  judge  of  the  military 
court  at  Norfolk.  He  served  as  District  Attorney  of  Blair  County  until 
1867,  when  he  decided  to  remove  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Cedar  Falls.  In 
1868  he  went  to  Council  Bluffs  and  soon  after  became  editor  of  the  Daily 
Nonpareil,  serving  until  April,  1870,  when  he  accepted  the  position  of 
assistant  assessor  of  Internal  Revenue.  In  1872  he  united  with  the  Lib- 
eral Republicans  and  was  made  chairman  of  the  State  Central  Committee, 
conducting  the  campaign  on  behalf  of  Horace  Greeley  for  President 
against  General  Grant.  In  1874  he  was  nominated  for  Attorney-General 
by  the  Antimonopoly  party  and  the  Democrats,  but  was  defeated.  In 
1876  he  was  elected  mayor  of  Council  Bluffs,  and  in  1878  he  was  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  Congress  in  the  Eighth  District. 

RACINE  D.  KELLOGG  was  born  in  Fayetteville,  Onondaga  County, 
New  York,  on  the  9th  of  March,  1828.  He  removed  to  Iowa  in  1854,  locat- 
ing at  Garden  Grove  in  Decatur  County,  where  he  engaged  in  farming  and 
dealing  in  real  estate.  He  was  a  Democrat  in  politics  and  an  eloquent 
public  speaker.  In  1859  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Eighth  Gen- 
eral Assembly  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  youngest  members.  He  soon 
formed  an  intimate  friendship  with  Ex-Governor  N.  B.  Baker  who  Avas 
a  member  from  Clinton  County.  Mr.  Kellogg  acted  with  the  Democratic 
party  during  the  regular  session  but  when  the  Rebellion  began  and  his 
party  divided  upon  the  question  of  sustaining  the  National  administra- 
tion in  crushing  armed  resistance  to  the  enforcement  of  the  laws,  he  did 
not  hesitate  to  stand  by  the  administration.  At  the  extra  session  called 
by  Governor  Kirkwood  in  May,  1861,  to  organize  the  military  forces  of  the 
State,  Mr.  Kellogg  became  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  "  War  Democrats  " 
and  with  Governor  Baker,  Senator  Bussey  and  others,  declared  for  the 
preservation  of  the  Union  at  all  hazards.  At  the  opening  of  the  session 
he  introduced  resolutions  (found  in  another  place)  pledging  unqualified 
support  to  the  Government,  State  and  National,  in  suppressing  the  Rebel- 
lion. Governor  Kirkwood  recognized  his  patriotism  by  appointing  him 
major  of  the  Thirty-fourth  Iowa  Volunteers  where  he  rendered  good  serv- 
ice in  the  Union  army.  He  became  a  Republican  during  the  war  when 
his  party  passed  under  control  of  men  not  in  sympathy  with  the  war  for 
the  Union  and  has  often  been  urged  to  become  a  candidate  for  some  of  the 
highest  offices  in  the  State  but  was  unwilling  to  resort  to  modern  methods 
to  secure  a  nomination.  He  has  long  been  an  honored  member  of  the 
Pioneer  LavsTnakers'  Association,  before  which  he  has  delivered  several 
interesting  addresses. 


.b^OL.x^^^_Ji^    yX^<^yt.^l^ 


OF  IOWA  153 


JOHN  C.  KELLY  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  New  York,  having  been 
born  in  Cortland  County  on  the  26th  of  February,  1852.  His  education 
was  acquired  through  much  effort  but  finally  securing  a  position  in  the 
Government  Printing  Office  at  Washington,  he  acquired  a  thorough  knowl- 
edge of  printing  and  electrotyping.  In  1873  he  was  delegated  by  Mills  & 
Company,  then  State  Printers  at  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  to  purchase  their  outfit 
and  act  as  superintendent  of  their  establishment.  While  in  that  position 
he  divided  and  numbered  the  streets  of  Des  Moines  on  the  Philadelphia 
plan,  and  was  the  pioneer  in  organizing  the  first  building  association  in 
Iowa.  After  a  few  years  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Daily  State 
Leader,  of  which  he  became  one  of  the  editors.  After  three  years  he  dis- 
posed of  his  interest  and  purchased  the  Sioux  City  Tribune  which  in  1884 
he  converted  into  a  daily.  He  w^as  the  founder  of  the  Sioux  City  Printing 
Company  which  furnishes  auxiliary  sheets  for  country  papers.  In  1893 
he  was  appointed  by  President  Cleveland  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue 
and  was  also  disbursing  agent  of  the  Treasury  Department.  He  was  for 
many  years  an  active  member  of  the  Reform  Club  of  New  York,  and  has 
long  been  an  advocate  of  tariff  reform  and  civil  service.  He  was  a  dele- 
gate to  the  National  Democratic  Convention  which  nominated  Cleveland 
for  President,  and  has  written  many  of  the  platforms  of  the  Democratic 
party  of  Iowa. 

DANIEL  KERR  was  born  at  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  June  18,  1836.  He 
graduated  at  McKendree  College  in  1858,  and  came  to  America  with  his 
father's  family  in  1841,  locating  in  Madison  County,  Illinois.  In  1860  he 
was  a  teacher  in  a  high  school.  He  read  law  with  Governor  A.  C.  French 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1862.  When  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  be- 
gan he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  G,  of  the  One  Hundred  Seventeenth 
Illinois  Volunteers,  serving  through  the  war  and  winning  promotion  to 
first  lieutenant.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Pleasant  Hill,  Nashville  and 
Fort  Blakely.  After  the  war  he  again  taught  in  the  schools  of  Alton.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  Legislature,  serving  until  1870.  At  the 
close  of  his  term  he  removed  to  Iowa,  becoming  a  resident  of  Grundy  Cen- 
ter where  he  engaged  in  farming  and  the  practice  of  law.  In  1883  he  was 
elected  Representative  to  the  House  of  the  Twentieth  General  Assembly. 
In  1886  he  was  elected  a  Representative  in  Congress  from  the  Fifth  Dis- 
trict, serving  two  terms. 

HARRIET  A.  KETCHAM  was  born  in  New  Market,  Ohio,  July  12, 
1846.  Her  parents  removed  to  Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa,  when  she  was  but 
five  years  old  where  she  graduated  from  the  Wesleyan  University  of  that 
place.  While  quite  young  she  was  married  to  William  B.  Ketcham,  a 
manufacturer,  of  Mount  Pleasant.  It  was  eight  years  after  her  marriage 
that   she   turned   her   attention    to   the   art    in   which   she   became   known 


154  HISTORY 


throughout  the  State.  Beginning  to  model  in  clay  she  soon  discovered  her 
skill  in  shaping  figures.  She  was  fascinated  with  the  work  and  soon  began 
a  course  of  instruction  with  noted  sculptors.  Mrs.  Ketcham  finally  de- 
termined to  devote  her  time  and  talent  to  the  profession  and  placed  her- 
self under  the  guidance  of  the  famous  Clark  Mill.  After  ten  years  of 
work  and  instruction  in  this  country  she  went  to  Italy  and  in  Rome 
pursued  her  studies  under  the  instruction  of  the  most  noted  sculptors  of 
that  city.  While  there  she  executed  the  figure  of  "  Peri  at  the  Gates  of 
Paradise,"  which  was  taken  to  the  Columbian  Exposition  and  afterward 
placed  in  the  Library  of  the  State  House  at  Des  Moines.  When  designs 
were  sought  for  the  Iowa  Soldiers'  Monument  there  were  forty-seven  sub- 
mitted. The  one  made  by  ^Mrs.  Ketcham  was  accepted  by  the  conunis- 
sioners  and  the  structure  erected  after  that  model.  She  made  busts  of 
President  Lincoln,  Senators  Harlan  and  Allison  and  Judge  Samuel  F. 
Miller.  Mrs.  Ketcham  was  stricken  with  paralysis  while  in  the  midst  of 
her  work,  and  died  on  the  20th  of  October,  1890. 

CHAELES  R.  KEYES  was  born  in  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  December  24, 
1864.  His  education  was  begun  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  city 
and  continued  in  Callanan  College.  Later  he  entered  the  State  University 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1887.  The  folloAving  two  years  were  de- 
voted to  study  with  Professor  Wachsmuth  of  Burlington.  During  1889 
and  1890,  Mr.  Keyes  was  an  assistant  on  the  United  States  Geological  Sur- 
vey and  in  the  latter  year  received  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  the  State 
University.  Continuing  his  geological  studies  at  John  Hopkins  University 
at  Baltimore,  he  received  from  that  institution  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  in  1892. 
Dr.  Keyes  then  returned  to  Des  Moines  and  became  Assistant  State 
Geologist  of  Iowa.  In  1894  he  was  appointed  Director  of  the  Bureau  of 
Geology  and  Mines  of  Missouri,  which  position  he  held  until  1897  when  he 
returned  to  Des  Moines.  In  1902  he  was  elected  president  of  the  New 
Mexico  School  of  Mines  at  Socorro.  Dr.  Keyes  is  a  prolific  writer;  among 
his  best  known  works  may  be  cited  "  Origin  and  Relation  of  Central  Mary- 
land Granites,"  "  Coal  Deposits  of  Iowa  "  (Iowa  Geological  Survey  Vol.  II) 
and  "Paleontology  of  Missouri"  (Missouri  Geological  Survey  Vol.  IV, 
Pts.   1-2). 

LUCIEN  M.  KILBURN  was  born  at  Boscawen,  New  Hampshire, 
January  20,  1842.  He  spent  his  youthful  days  on  his  father's  farm  and  in 
securing  a  public  school  education.  Early  in  the  Civil  War  he  enlisted  in 
the  Sixteenth  New  Hampshire  Volunteers,  serving  in  the  Department  of 
the  Gulf  under  General  Banks.  In  1868  he  emigrated  to  Iowa,  and  after  a 
few  months  purchased  a  fine  farm  in  Adair  County  and  has  been  ex- 
tensively engaged  in  stock  raising  and  general  farming.  He  was  one  of 
the  founders  and  for  nine  years  president  of  the  Adair  County  Mutual  In- 


OF  IOWA  155 


surance  Company.  In  1893  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  State 
Senator  from  the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of  Madison  and  Adair, 
serving  in  the  Twenty-fifth,  Twenty-sixth  and  Twenty-seventh  General 
Assemblies.  He  was  an  active  supporter  of  woman  suffrage,  free  text 
books  and  the  reduction  of  official  salaries. 

JOHN  KING,  founder  and  editor  of  the  first  newspaper  published 
within  the  limits  of  Iowa,  was  born  at  Shepardstown,  Virginia,  January 
10,  1803.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  State  and 
at  Chillicothe,  Ohio,  to  which  place  he  removed  in  1829.  In  1833  he  went 
to  the  frontier  town  of  Dubuque,  then  in  Michigan  Territory,  to  engage  in 
lead  mining.  Stephen  T.Mason,  then  acting  Governor  of  Michigan  Territory, 
appointed  Mr.  King  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court  of  Dubuque  County  during 
the  first  year  of  his  residence  there.  In  the  fall  of  1835  Judge  King  decided 
to  establish  a  newspaper  in  the  new  town  and  made  a  trip  to  Cincinnati 
by  river  where  he  purchased  a  Washington  hand  press  and  a  small  print- 
ing outfit,  returning  as  soon  as  navigation  was  resumed  in  the  spring  of 
1836.  He  issued  the  first  number  of  the  Dubuque  Visit07-  on  the  11th 
of  May  of  that  year.  It  was  the  first  and  only  newspaper  in  the  vast  re- 
gion north  of  St.  Louis  and  west  of  the  Mississippi  River.  Judge  King 
was  an  able  writer  and  judge,  an  enterprising  pioneer  and  a  citizen  of  the 
highest  character.  His  foreman  was  Andrew  Keesecker,  an  accomplished 
printer,  who  set  the  first  type  in  Iowa.  He  was  also  a  native  of  Shepards- 
tovim,  born  there  in  1810  and  who  came  to  Galena,  Illinois,  when  a  young 
man  and  worked  on  the  first  paper  established  there.  He  died  in  Dubuque 
April  15,  1870.     Judge  King  died  in  that  city  February  13,  1871. 

WILLIAM  F,  KING  was  born  near  Zanesville,  Ohio,  December  20, 
1830.  He  graduated  at  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University  at  Delaware,  in 
1857,  and  became  tutor  in  that  institution,  where  he  remained  five  years. 
In  1852  he  was  called  to  the  chair  of  ancient  languages  at  Cornell  College, 
Iowa,  and  since  that  time  has  been  closely  identified  with  the  educational 
interests  of  that  institution  and  the  State.  Upon  the  death  of  President  Fel- 
lows in  1863,  he  was  made  acting  president  and  was  formally  president  in 
1865,  which  position  he  has  held  continuously  since.  He  is  the  senior 
college  president  in  Iowa,  and  probably  in  the  United  States.  Mr.  King 
has  been  president  of  the  State  Teachers'  Association  and  for  years  served 
on  the  most  important  committees;  he  has  long  been  a  member  of  the 
educational  council  of  the  National  Teachers'  Association.  In  1870  the 
Illinois  Wesleyan  University  conferred  upon  President  King  the  degree 
of  Doctor  of  Divinity,  and  in  1887  he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Laws  from  his  alma  mater  and  from  the  Iowa  State  University.  In  1890 
Dr.  King  was  appointed  by  President  Harrison  member  of  the  National 
Commission  of  the  World's  Fair.     He  was  a  member  of  the  executive  com- 


156  HISTORY 


mittee  and  vice-chairman  of  the  committee  on  awards.  Dr.  King  has  been 
prominent  in  tlie  councils  of  the  Methodist  Episcoijal  church,  has  been 
three  times  elected  to  the  General  Conference,  and  in  the  conference  of  1896 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  education.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Education  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  chui'ch.  Cornell  CoUega 
has  grown  during  Dr.  King's  administration  from  an  enrollment  of  two 
hundred  thirteen  students  in  1863  to  seven  hundred  twenty-six  in  1902. 
In  1863  one  student  was  graduated,  while  the  average  of  late  years  has 
been  over  fifty  annually.  The  alumni  number  nine  hundred  forty-four.  Cor- 
nell has,  under  Dr.  King,  become  one  of  the  strong  and  useful  colleges  of 
the  church  in  this  country. 

LA  VEGA  G.  KINNE  is  a  native  of  Syracuse,  New  York,  where  he 
was  born  on  the  5th  of  November,  1846.  He  graduated  at  the  high  school 
then,  taking  the  law  course  in  the  Michigan  University,  graduated  in  1868 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Ottawa,  Illinois.  In  September,  1869, 
he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Toledo,  in  Tama  County  where  he  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  the  summer  of  1881  he  was  nom- 
inated for  Governor  by  the  Democratic  State  Convention  and  made  a 
vigorous  canvass  of  the  State  but  the  Republican  majority  was  too  large  to 
be  overcome.  In  1883  he  was  again  nominated  by  his  party  for  the  same 
position,  again  meeting  with  defeat  by  his  former  competitor,  Governor 
Burcn  R.  Sherman.  At  various  times  he  has  been  the  Democratic  candi- 
date for  United  States  Senator,  District  Attorney  and  Circuit  Judge.  He 
was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Convention  in  1876  and  again 
in  1884.  In  1886  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  District  Court  and  reelected 
in  1890.  In  1891  he  was  nominated  by  his  party  for  judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  and  was  elected  for  a  full  term  of  six  years.  Judge  Kinne  has  the 
distinction  of  being  the  first  and  only  Democrat  ever  elected  to  that  posi- 
tion by  the  people  of  Iowa  since  it  became  a  State.  In  1894  Judge  Kinne 
was  one  of  the  commissioners  from  Iowa,  upon  uniform  legislation  in  the 
several  States.  In  1896  he  was  president  of  the  Iowa  Bar  Association. 
For  ten  years  he  has  been  law  lecturer  at  the  State  University  and  lecturer 
before  the  Iowa  College  of  Law  at  Des  Moines.  He  is  the  author  of 
"  Kinne's  Pleadings  and  Practice."  When  the  State  Board  of  Control  was 
established  by  act  of  the  General  Assembly,  Judge  Kinne  was  appointed 
one  of  the  three  members  and  has  served  as  president  of  the  board. 

JOHN  F.  KINNEY  was  born  in  Oswego  County,  New  York,  April 
2,  1816.  He  received  a  liberal  education  for  that  time  and  studied  law. 
In  August,  1844,  he  located  at  Fort  Madison,  Iowa,  and  the  following  year 
was  elected  Secretary  of  the  Council  of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  serving 
two  sessions.  In  1846  he  was  appointed  Prosecuting  Attorney  and  in 
June,  1847,  when  but  thirty-one  years  of  age,  was  appointed  by  the  Gover- 


OF  IOWA  157 


nor  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court.  In  1848  he  was  elected  to  the  same 
office  by  the  General  Assembly  for  a  term  of  six  years.  In  1853  he  gave 
a  dissenting  opinion  in  a  case  before  the  Supreme  Court  involving  the 
right  of  counties  to  issue  bonds  to  aid  in  building  railroads.  Judge  Kinney 
held  that  under  the  Constitution  counties  had  no  right  to  permit  a  major- 
ity of  the  voters  to  impose  a  tax  upon  the  people  to  build  railroads.  A 
few  years  later  Judge  Samuel  F.  Miller  of  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court  gave  a  similar  dissenting  opinion.  He  referred  to  the  opinion  of 
Judge  Kinney  as  a  correct  rendition  of  the  law  on  the  subject  before  the 
Iowa  Supreme  Court.  Had  these  opinions  prevailed  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  dollars  would  have  been  saved  to  the  people  of  several  Iowa  counties 
for  which  no  value  was  ever  received.  In  August,  1853,  Judge  Kinney 
was  appointed  by  President  Pierce  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Utah.  Accepting  the  position  he  made  the  journey  of  1,500  miles  with 
his  family  in  an  emigrant  wagon  over  the  plains  then  infested  with  hostile 
Indians.  In  1860  he  was  reappointed  by  President  Buchanan  and  in  1863 
was  removed  by  the  Republican  administration.  Returning  to  Nebraska, 
he  was  chosen  to  Congress  and  gave  his  support  to  the  war  measures  of 
that  body.  In  1867  he  was  a  member  of  a  commission  to  report  upon  the 
condition  of  the  Sioux  Indians.  He  was  appointed  by  President  Arthur 
agent  for  the  Yankton  Sioux  Indians  of  Dakota,  serving  until  1889,  when 
he  removed  to  California  where  he  died  August  16,  1902. 

WILLIAM  H.  KINSMAN  was  a  native  of  Nova  Scotia  where  he  was 
born  in  1832.  He  was  a  sailor  in  early  life  and  later  entered  the  Columbia, 
New  York,  Academy.  After  attending  law  school  in  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  1858 
he  went  to  Council  Bluffs  where  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Clinton  & 
Baldwin.  He  w^as  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Pottawattamie  County  and  was 
employed  on  one  of  the  city  papers.  When  the  Civil  War  began  he  assisted 
in  raising  the  first  military  company  organized  in  that  county  and  was 
chosen  second  lieutenant.  The  company  was  assigned  to  the  Fourth  Iowa 
Infantry  and  became  Company  B.  Kinsman  was  soon  promoted  to  captain 
of  the  company  which  he  led  in  the  Battle  of  Pea  Ridge.  In  July,  1863, 
he  was  placed  on  the  staff  of  General  Dodge  and  in  August  was  promoted 
to  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Twenty-third  Iowa  Volunteers.  In  December 
he  was  promoted  to  colonel  and  commanded  the  regiment  in  the  early 
battles  of  Grant's  Vicksburg  campaign.  While  gallantly  Jeading  a  charge 
at  the  Battle  of  Black  River  Bridge  he  fell  mortally  wounded  and  died 
upon  the  field. 

SAMUEL  J.  KIRKWOOD,  fifth  Governor  of  the  State,  was  born  in 
Hartford  County,  Maryland,  December  20,  1813.  He  was  educated  in 
Washington,  D.  C,  and  employed  in  a  drug  store.  In  1835  his  father  re- 
moved to  Richland  County,  Ohio,  where  for  several  years  the  son  assisted 


158  HISTORY 


him  in  clearing  a  new  farm  in  the  heavy  forest.  He  finally  studied  law  and 
in  1843  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  From  1845  to  1849  he  was  Prosecuting 
Attorney  and  was  then  elected  to  the  convention  which  framed  the  present 
Constitution  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  Up  to  1854  Mr.  Kirkwood  was  a  Demo- 
crat but  when  that  party  attempted  to  force  slavery  into  Kansas  he  be- 
came alienated  and  favored  the  free  soil  movement.  In  1855  he  removed 
to  Iowa  and  purchased  an  interest  in  a  mill  near  Iowa  City.  In  February, 
1856,  he  served  as  a  delegate  in  the  State  Convention  which  organized  the 
Republican  party  of  Iowa.  In  the  fall  of  that  year  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  from  the  district  consisting  of  Iowa  and  Johnson  counties, 
serving  in  the  Sixth  and  Seventh  Grcneral  Assemblies.  He  won  such  repu- 
tation as  a  legislator  that  at  the  Republican  State  Convention  in  1859 
he  was  nominated  for  Governor  and  was  elected  over  General  A.  C.  Dodge 
the  Democratic  candidate  by  over  3,000  majority.  During  his  two  terms 
as  Governor  it  devolved  upon  him  to  organize  and  send  to  the  seat  of  war 
more  than  60,000  citizen  soldiers.  How  ably  he  met  and  performed  the 
arduous  duties  which  a  great  war  thrust  upon  him  is  recorded  in  the  most 
stirring  chapters  of  Iowa  history.  He  won  a  place  with  the  greatest  "  War 
Governors  "  of  the  Nation.  In  1866  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States 
Senate  to  fill  a  vacancy  of  two  years.  In  1875  he  was  again  chosen  Gover- 
nor; but  the  General  Assembly  of  1876  elected  him  to  the  Senate  for  a  full 
term  of  six  years  and  he  resigned  the  office  of  Governor  and  returned  to 
the  Senate  in  March,  1877.  Upon  the  inauguration  of  President  Garfield, 
Governor  Kirkwood  was  invited  to  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet  as  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  which  he  accepted,  reigning  his  position  in  the  Senate.  The 
death  of  the  President  terminated  his  service  in  the  Cabinet  after  thirteen 
months  and  he  retired  to  private  life.  During  the  quarter  of  a  century 
that  Governor  Kirkwood  was  almost  continually  in  public  life,  he  pos- 
sessed the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  people  of  Iowa  in  as  great  a  degree 
as  any  citizen  who  ever  served  the  State.  On  the  28th  of  September, 
1892,  ten  years  after  Governor  Kirkwood  retired  to  private  life,  at  the 
suggestion  of  Governor  Sherman,  more  than  thirty  of  the  old  associates 
of  Governor  Kirkwood  in  oflBcial  positions  living  in  different  parts  of  the 
State,  assembled  at  his  home  at  Iowa  City  to  pay  their  respects  to  the 
"  War  Governor "  who  was  then  about  eighty  years  of  age.  It  was  a 
remarkable  gathering  of  distinguished  men  of  both  political  parties,  after 
time  had  obliterated  the  bitterness  of  a  score  of  partisan  conflicts.  All 
met  as  old  friends  and  joined  in  honoring  the  man  who  had  earned  un- 
dying fame  in  the  most  critical  period  of  our  State  and  National  history. 
Governor  Kirkwood  died  at  his  home  near  Iowa  City,  September  1,  1894. 

CHARLES  W.  KITTREDGE  was  born  in  Portland,  Maine,  on  the 
16th  of  January,  1826.  He  received  a  liberal  education  and  in  1839 
joined  his  father's  family  in  Adams  County,  Illinois.     He  came  to  Iowa 


OF  IOWA  159 


in  about  the  year  1857,  first  locating  at  Mount  Pleasant  and  later  at 
Ottumwa.  Early  in  the  summer  of  1861,  he  raised  a  company  of  volun- 
teers which  was  assigned  to  the  Seventh  Iowa  Infantry,  becoming  Company 
F,  of  which  Kittredge  was  appointed  captain.  He  distinguished  himself 
at  the  Battle  of  Belmont,  where  he  was  severely  wounded  and  taken  priso- 
ner. His  wound  disabled  him  for  active  service  and  he  resigned.  In 
August,  1862,  having  recovered,  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Thirty- 
Bixth  Iowa  Infantry.  He  commanded  the  regiment  in  the  Battle  of  Helena 
and  in  Steele's  expedition  against  Little  Rock  he  commanded  a  brigade. 
The  regiment  was  captured  at  the  Battle  of  Mark's  Mills,  but  Colonel 
Kittredge  being  sick  was  not  with  it.  He  continued  in  the  service  to  the 
close  of  the  war. 

JOSEPH  C.  KNAPP  was  born  at  Berlin,  Vermont,  June  27,  1813. 
He  received  a  liberal  education,  studied  law  and  became  a  resident  of 
Keosauqua,  Iowa,  in  1843.  He  became  a  member  of  the  noted  law  firm  of 
Wright,  Knapp  &  Caldwell  all  of  whom  became  eminent  lawyers  and  dis- 
tinguished judges.  In  1850  Mr.  Knapp  was  appointed  judge  of  the  Third 
District  and  in  1853  was  appointed  United  States  District  Attorney  for 
Iowa  by  President  Pierce.  He  was  reappointed  by  President  Buchanan, 
serving  eight  years.  Judge  Knapp  was  a  Democrat  and  one  of  the  leaders 
of  that  party.  Living  in  a  Republican  State,  he  has  been  a  candidate 
for  its  highest  offices,  but  could  not  overcome  the  great  majorities  of  his 
political  opponents.  He  was  a  Democratic  candidate  for  Supreme  Judge 
in  1869,  for  Governor  in  1871  and  for  United  States  Senator  in  1872. 

JOHN  B.  KNOEPFLER  was  born  at  Neukirch,  Germany,  February 
13,  1852,  and  came  to  America  with  his  father  in  1854.  He  grew  to  man- 
hood in  Oakland,  Michigan,  where  his  father  settled  on  a  farm.  Acquiring 
sufficient  education  by  the  time  he  was  nineteen  to  teach  school,  with  his 
earnings  he  pursued  studies  in  the  higher  institutions  of  learning.  He 
removed  to  Iowa  in  1876  where  he  became  principal  of  a  public  school  in 
Fayette  County.  In  1882  he  was  chosen  superintendent  of  the  city  schools 
of  West  Union,  serving  seven  years,  when  he  removed  to  Lansing  where 
he  became  superintendent  of  the  schools  of  that  city.  In  1900  he  was 
elected  professor  of  German  in  the  State  Normal  School  at  Cedar  Falls.  He 
has  done  a  large  amount  of  institute  work  in  the  counties  of  northern 
Iowa.  In  1891  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democratic  State  Convention  for 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  and  elected,  being  the  first  Democrat 
to  hold  that  office  since  1863.  He  was  defeated  with  his  party  in  1893  and 
returned  to  his  former  position  at  Lansing. 

FREDERICK  M.  KNOLL  of  Dubuque  is  one  of  the  veteran  law- 
makers of  Iowa,  having  served  fourteen  years  in  the  General  Assembly  of 


160  HISTORY 


the  State.  He  was  born  March  8,  1833,  in  Alsace,  then  a  French  province. 
He  attended  the  schools  of  his  native  countiy  and  in  August,  1853,  when 
twenty  years  of  age,  emigrated  to  America,  locating  in  Dubuque  County 
which  has  since  been  his  home.  For  forty-eight  years  he  has  lived  on  the 
farm  he  selected  for  his  home  upon  his  arrival  in  America.  During  that 
time  he  has  served  ten  years  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  supervisors,  was 
forty-three  years  a  member  of  the  school  board,  and  thirty-three  years  a 
justice  of  the  peace.  In  1861  he  was  first  elected  a  Representative  in  the 
House  of  the  Ninth  General  Assembly,  was  a  member  of  the  Senate  in  the 
Tenth,  Eleventh,  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth  General  Assemblies.  In  1877 
Mr.  Knoll  was  again  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Seventeenth  General  As- 
sembly, and  in  1890  his  county  returned  him  to  the  House  of  the  Twenty- 
third  General  Assembly,  twenty-eight  years  from  the  time  he  first  entered 
the  Legislature  as  one  of  its  youngest  members.  Few  citizens  of  Iowa 
have  served  so  long  as  a  public  official,  and  in  every  position  Mr.  Kiioll 
has  proved  faithful,  efficient  and  worthy.  He  has  been  a  Democrat  from 
the  time  he  landed  in  America  and  has  many  times  represented  his  party 
in  State  conventions. 

JOHN  F.  LACEY  Avas  born  at  New  Martinsville,  West  Virginia,  on  the 
30th  of  May,  1841.  In  1855  he  came  with  his  father  to  Oskaloosa,  near 
which  they  located  on  a  farm.  His  education  was  limited  by  lack  of  means 
and  he  learned  the  trade  of  bricklaying.  When  the  Civil  War  began  he 
enlisted  in  Company  H,  Third  Iowa  Infantry,  was  captured  at  the  Battle 
of  Blue  Mills  but  was  soon  released  on  parole.  He  returned  home  and  be- 
gan to  read  law  with  Samuel  A.  Pace,  then  Attorney-General  of  Iowa. 
After  being  exchanged  in  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Thirty-third 
Iowa  Volunteers,  of  which  Mr.  Rice  was  appointed  colonel.  He  was  soon 
promoted  to  first  lieutenant  of  Company  C  and  later  was  appointed  As- 
sistant Adjutant-General  on  the  staff  of  General  Steele,  serving  in  that 
position  to  the  end  of  the  war.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of  Helena, 
Little  Rock,  Elkin's  Ford,  Prairie  d'Ann,  Camden,  Jenkin's  Ferry  and 
Blakely.  Upon  his  return  home  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law. 
In  1869  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the  House  of  the 
Thirteenth  General  Assembly,  serving  one  term.  He  was  city  solicitor  and 
is  the  author  of  Lacey's  Railway  Digest  in  two  volumes  and  also  of  the 
Third  Iowa  Digest.  He  was  first  elected  to  Congress  from  the  Sixth  Dis- 
trict in  1888  and  has  been  repeatedly  reelected,  serving  to  the  close  of  the 
Nineteenth  Century.  He  has  taken  a  deep  interest  in  the  preservation  of 
the  forests  and  animals  of  the  country  and  is  the  author  of  numerous  im- 
portant laws  on  the  subject. 

SCOTT  M.  LADD  was  born  at  Sharon  in  the  State  of  Wisconsin  on 
the  22d  of  June,  1855.    His  early  education  was  acquired  in  Sharon  Acad- 


JOHN   F.    LACEY 


and  TUdw 


PUB 


OF  IOWA  161 


emy  after  which  he  entered  Beloit  College,  remaining  two  years,  then  en- 
tered Carthage  College  where  he  graduated  in  1879.  He  took  the  law  course 
in  the  Iowa  State  University,  finishing  in  1881.  Locating  at  Sheldon  in 
O'Brien  County,  Iowa,  in  that  year,  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession  and  in  1886  was  nominated  on  the  Republican  ticket  for  Dis- 
trict Judge  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  District  and  elected,  entering  upon  the 
duties  of  that  office  in  January  following.  He  was  twice  reelected,  serving 
until  January  1,  1897.  At  the  Republican  State  Convention  of  1896  he 
was  nominated  for  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  was  elected  over 
Lemuel  R.  Bolter,  the  Fusion  candidate,  by  a  plurality  of  64,377.  The  same 
year,  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred  upon  Judge  Ladd  by  Carthage 
College.  He  entered  upon  the  duties  of  Supreme  Judge  on  the  1st  of 
January,   1897. 

JED  LAKE  was  a  native  of  Cortland  County,  New  York,  where  he 
was  born  November  18,  1830.  He  attended  district  school  winters  assist- 
ing at  farm  work  during  the  summers  until  seventeen  years  old.  His 
education  was  continued  in  New  York  Central  College  and  a  manual  train- 
ing school  at  McGrawville.  He  continued  his  studies  at  Cortland  Academy, 
supporting  himself  by  teaching.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1855,  locating  at  In- 
dependence where  he  studied  law  and  in  1858  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
In  1861  he  was  elected  Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Ninth  General 
Assembly  and  in  1862  entered  the  Union  army  during  the  extra  session. 
He  was  tendered  the  position  of  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue,  but  pre- 
ferred the  military  service  and  soon  after  was  commissioned  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Iowa  Volunteers.  He  participated  in  the 
capture  of  Little  Rock,  the  Red  River  expedition.  Battle  of  Nashville,  and 
capture  of  Mobile  besides  many  minor  engagements.  In  1865  he  succeeded 
to  the  command  of  the  regiment  upon  the  promotion  of  Colonel  Gilbert. 
After  the  war  closed  Colonel  Lake  resumed  practice  at  Independence.  In 
another  place  is  given  an  account  of  his  services  in  successfully  defeating 
the  drive  well  monopoly,  for  which  the  General  Assembly  of  Iowa  by 
passage  of  joint  resolutions  tendered  to  him  the  thanks  of  the  people  for 
the  great  service  rendered  the  country  in  saving  millions  of  dollars  in 
unjust  attempts  to  collect  royalties.  Colonel  Lake  was  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Harrison  one  of  the  commissioners  to  appraise  60,000  acres  of  land  in 
California.  He  was  also  one  of  the  commissioners  having  in  cliarge  the 
building  of  the  Hospital  for  the  Insane  at  Cherokee. 

JAMES  T.  LANE  was  born  at  Freeport,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  16th 
of  March,  1830.  He  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Lewisburg  in  that 
State,  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  came  west  in  1854  in 
search  of  a  location.  He  stopped  in  Davenport,  then  a  flourishing  little 
city  on  the  upper  Mississippi  River.     Here  he  located  on  the  23d  of  Feb- 

[Vol.  4] 


162  HISTORY 


ruary,  1854,  and  opened  a  law  office,  making  it  his  permanent  home.  He 
soon  acquired  a  good  practice  and  upon  the  organization  of  the  Repub- 
lican party  on  the  22d  of  February,  1856,  Mr.  Lane  took  an  active  part, 
serving  as  a  delegate  from  Scott  County  in  the  first  State  Convention 
which  met  at  Iowa  City  and  was  one  of  the  secretaries  of  that  gathering 
which  brought  a  new  party  into  existence.  He  entered  into  partnership 
with  Abner  Davisson,  upon  the  death  of  D.  S.  True,  and  Davisson  &  Lane 
was  for  many  years  one  of  the  leading  law  firms  of  Davenport.  In  1861 
he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the  House  of  the  Ninth  General 
Assembly  and  took  rank  among  the  leading  members;  was  made  chairman 
of  the  committee  on  military  aff"airs,  then  the  most  important  of  the 
standing  committees,  as  the  country  was  in  the  midst  of  the  great  Civil 
War.  In  1873  Mr.  Lane  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  United  States 
District  Attorney  for  Iowa,  serving  with  distinction  until  1882.  He  died 
on  the  19th  of  March,  1890. 

JOSEPH  R.  LANE  was  born  in  Davenport,  Iowa,  on  the  6th  of  May, 
1858,  and  was  the  son  of  Hon.  James  T.  Lane.  He  was  educated  at  Knox 
College,  Galesburg,  Illinois,  attended  the  Law  Department  of  the  State 
University  and  began  to  practice  law  in  Davenport  in  1880.  In  1898  he 
was  elected  to  Congress  on  the  Republican  ticket  in  the  Second  District, 
serving  but  one  term,  as  he  declined  a  reelection.  He  has  long  been  one 
of  the  active  Republican  leaders  in  the  Second  Congressional  district,  but 
prefers  the  line  of  his  profession  to  official  positions. 

JAJIES  L.  LANGWORTHY,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Dubuque,  was 
born  in  Windsor,  Vermont,  January  20,  1800.  While  a  boy  his  father 
removed  successively  to  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio  and  Illinois,  always 
keeping  in  the  frontier  settlements.  In  1821  James  made  his  way  to  the 
Galena  lead  mines  on  foot  and  engaged  in  mining.  Having  acquired  great 
influence  with  the  Sac,  Fox  and  Winnebago  Indians,  in  1827  Mr.  Lang- 
worthy  was  employed  by  the  Government  to  accompany  General  Henry 
Dodge  to  negotiate  a  treaty  with  these  tribes  by  which  they  were  induced 
to  move  to  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi  River.  In  1830  Mr.  Lang- 
worthy  and  his  brother,  Lucius,  obtained  permission  to  engage  in  lead 
mining  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  in  the  old  Dubuque  mines.  Several 
other  white  men  crossed  the  river,  made  a  settlement  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
mines  and  made  rules  and  regulations  as  to  taking  and  holding  claims  on 
the  mineral  lands.  The  Indians  made  complaint  against  the  invaders  and 
the  Federal  officials  ordered  them  to  leave  the  Indian  country.  When  the 
Black  Hawk  War  began,  Mr.  Langworthy  became  a  scout  for  General 
Dodge  and  served  to  the  end  of  the  war.  He  returned  to  Dubuque  and 
again  engaged  in  mining,  securing  rich  veins  of  ore.  Mr.  Langworthy  and 
his  brother  increased  their  mining  enterprises   and   in   1833   were   among 


'public  LIBRARY  I 

^ftstor,  Lenox  and  Tilden^ 
foundJt'OBS. 


OF   IOWA  163 


the  leading  citizens  of  Dubuque.  They  were  foremost  in  all  public 
enterprises,  liberally  aiding  the  schools,  churches  and  railroads.  No  citi- 
zens contributed  more  to  build  up  Dubuque  for  a  quarter  of  a  century 
than  the  Langworthy  brothers.  James  died  in  March,  1865,  and  his  brother 
Lucius  died  in  the  following  July. 

WILLIAIM  LARRABEE,  twelfth  Governor  of  Iowa,  was  bom  in  Led- 
yard,  Connecticut,  January  20,  1832.  His  father  Adam  Larrabee  was  a 
graduate  of  West  Point  Military  Academy  and  an  officer  in  the  War  of 
1812.  The  boyhood  years  of  the  son  were  passed  on  his  father's  farm.  His 
education  was  acquired  in  the  common  schools  and  at  the  age  of  nineteen 
he  became  a  teacher.  In  1853  he  started  west,  stopping  first  in  Clayton 
County,  Iowa,  where  he  resumed  teaching.  For  three  years  he  was  em- 
ployed as  foreman  on  a  large  farm  belonging  to  Judge  Williams.  In 
1857  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Clermont  mills,  Fayette  County,  and 
eventually  became  the  sole  owner  of  the  property.  Later  he  became  en- 
gaged extensively  in  farming  and  banking.  In  1867  he  was  nominated  by 
the  Republicans  of  Fayette  County  for  State  Senator  and  elected.  He  re- 
mained in  the  Senate  for  eighteen  years  by  successive  reelections,  serving 
the  longest  continuously  of  any  member  of  the  Iowa  Legislature  since  the 
admission  of  the  State.  He  was  an  able  practical  legislator  and  acquired 
by  long  service  an  intimate  knowledge  of  public  affairs,  giving  him  great 
influence  in  shaping  the  laws  and  general  •  State  policy.  During  most  of 
this  period  he  was  chairman  of  the  committee  of  ways  and  means.  In 
1881  he  was  a  candidate  before  the  Republican  State  Convention  for 
Governor  but  was  not  successful.  In  1885  he  received  the  nomination  and 
was  elected.  His  administration  was  noted  for  the  firm  stand  he  took  in 
securing  legislation  to  regulate  the  rates  of  railroad  transportation  and  his 
rigid  adherence  to  the  principle  of  prohibition  of  the  liquor  traffic.  At  the 
close  of  his  second  term  there  was  a  formidable  movement  on  part  of  the 
people  to  elect  Governor  Larrabee  to  the  United  States  Senate.  In  1893 
he  published  a  book  on  the  "  Railroad  Question,"  which  was  an  able  his- 
torical and  practical  treatise  on  railroads  and  remedies  for  their  abuses. 
It  is  an  exceedingly  valuable  work  on  a  subject  that  has  long  engaged  the 
attention  of  Congress  and  State  Legislatures.  Upon  the  creation  of  the 
State  Board  of  Control  for  the  management  of  the  business  of  the  various 
State  institutions,  Governor  Larrabee  was  appointed  one  of  its  members 
and  was  chosen  president  of  the  board.  His  son,  William  Larrabee,  Jr., 
was  a  member  of  the  House  of  the  Twenty-ninth  General  Assembly. 

HENRY  W.  LATHROP  was  born  at  Hawley,  Massachusetts,  October 
28,  1819.  His  parents  removed  to  Augusta,  New  York,  where  the  son  grew 
to  m.anhood.  He  studied  law  at  Albany  and  in  1847  removed  to  Iowa,  locat- 
ing at  Iowa   City  where  he  engaged  in  teaching  school.     He  became   the 


164  HISTORY 


editor  of  the  Iowa  City  Republican.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention 
of  1856  which  organized  the  Republican  party  of  Iowa.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  regents  of  the  State  University,  helped  to  organize  that  institution 
and  was  chairman  of  the  committee  which  selected  the  faculty.  He  served 
for  seven  years  as  treasurer  of  the  University.  In  1856  Mr.  Lathrop 
Bold  the  Republican  and  moving  onto  a  farm  began  to  experiment  in  fruit 
raising.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  State  Horticultural  Society 
and  for  more  than  half  a  century  was  a  contributor  to  its  work.  He  was 
for  many  years  librarian  of  the  State  Historical  Society  and  the  author 
of  many  valuable  historical  articles  for  the  Annals  of  Iowa  and  the  His- 
torical Record.  Mr.  Lathrop's  most  enduring  work  in  history  and  biog- 
raphy is  the  "  Life  and  Times  of  Samuel  J.  Kirkwood,"  a  book  of  four 
hundred  and  seventy- four  pages,  published  in  1893.  It  is  an  exceedingly 
valuable  contribution  to  the  annals  of  the  most  important  and  exciting 
period  of  our  State's  history. 

JACOB  G.  LAUMAN  was  born  in  Tarrytown,  Maryland,  on  the  20tlx 
of  January,  1813.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1844,  locating  at  Burlington  where 
he  engaged  in  mercantile  business.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Rebellion  he 
was  active  in  raising  military  companies  and  on  July  7,  1861,  was  com- 
missioned colonel  of  the  Seventh  Regiment  of  Volunteer  Infantry.  His 
first  battle  was  at  Belmont  where  the  Seventh  Regiment  was  greatly  dis- 
tinguished for  gallant  conduct  and  suffered  greater  loss  than  any  other 
regiment  taking  part  in  the  engagement,  amounting  to  more  than  four 
hundred  in  killed,  wounded  and  missing.  Colonel  Lauman  was  among  the 
wounded.  At  the  Battle  of  Fort  Donelson  he  was  placed  in  command  of  a 
brigade  and  again  greatly  distinguished  himself,  receiving  promotion  to 
the  rank  of  Brigadier-General.  He  commanded  a  brigade  at  Shiloh  and 
at  the  Hatchie.  At  the  Battle  of  Jackson  he  commanded  a  division  and 
through  a  misunderstanding  of  orders  it  met  with  very  heavy  loss.  At  the 
close  of  the  engagement  General  Lauman  was  relieved  of  his  command 
and  this  closed  his  military  career, 

ALBERT  M.  LEA,  who  gave  the  name  to  Iowa  before  it  had  an  or« 
ganized  existence  as  a  Territory  or  State,  was  born  in  east  Tennessee  in 
1807.  With  a  common  school  education  he  entered  the  Military  Academy 
at  West  Point  in  1827  from  which  he  graduated  in  1831.  He  was  ap- 
pointed second  lieutenant  in  the  artillery  service.  In  1832  he  was  de- 
tached on  topographic  work  and  in  1834  was  transferred  to  the  First 
Dragoons,  in  the  company  commanded  by  Captain  Jesse  B.  Browne.  The 
regiment  was  sent  to  the  upper  Mississippi  with  headquarters  at  old  Fort 
Des  Moines  (now  Montrose)  in  Lee  County,  Iowa.  It  was  from  here  in 
1835  that  Lieutenant  Lea  accompanied  the  exploring  expedition  under 
Captain  Boone  which  marched  through  the  wild  regions  bordering  on  the 


OF  IOWA  165 


upper  Des  Moines,  Boone  and  Iowa  rivers.  Lieutenant  Lea  wrote  the  first 
description  of  that  part  of  the  country  ever  published,  from  notes  and  maps 
made  while  on  the  march.  After  his  return,  he  published  a  book  of  forty- 
five  pages  to  which  he  gave  the  title  "  Notes  on  the  Iowa  District  of  Wis- 
consin Territory."  This  is  believed  to  have  been  the  first  time  the  name 
"  Iowa "  was  applied  to  the  country  which  two  years  later  became  the 
Territory  of  Iowa.  While  in  camp  on  the  shores  of  a  beautiful  lake  in 
southern  Minnesota,  Lieutenant  Lea  made  a  plat  and  sketch  which  was  sent 
to  the  War  Department,  where  the  name  "  Albert  Lea  "  was  given  it.  He 
soon  after  resigned  his  commission  and  purchased  claims  at  the  mouth  of 
Pine  Creek  on  the  west  side  of  the  Mississippi,  eighteen  miles  below  Rock 
Island,  where  he  laid  out  a  town  which  he  named  Ellenborough.  He  ex- 
pected this  to  be  an  important  city  as  the  country  became  settled  but  the 
founding  of  Davenport  on  one  side  and  Muscatine  on  the  other,  ruined 
his  hopes  and  the  plat  became  in  time  a  farm.  Lieutenant  Lea  was  em- 
ployed as  a  civil  engineer  to  assist  in  establishing  the  disputed  boundary 
between  Iowa  and  Missouri.  In  1841  he  was  chief  clerk  in  the  War  De- 
partment and  in  1843  was  Professor  of  Mechanics  in  the  University  of 
Tennessee.  During  the  Civil  War  he  was  an  officer  in  the  Confederate 
army.     He  died  at  Corsicana,  Texas,  on  the  30th  of  January  1891. 

JOSEPH  B.  LEAKE  was  born  in  Cumberland  County,  New  Jersey, 
April  1,  1828.  In  1836  he  removed  with  his  parents  to  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
where  he  received  his  early  education.  He  entered  the  Miami  University, 
Oxford,  Ohio,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1846.  After  leaving  college  he 
studied  law  in  Cincinnati  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850.  Coming 
to  Iowa  in  1856,  Mr.  Leake  opened  a  law  office  at  Davenport.  In  1861 
he  was  elected  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  House  of  Representatives  at  the 
extra  session  of  the  Eighth  General  Assembly  in  1861.  He  was  elected  to 
the  Senate  of  the  Ninth  General  Assembly,  serving  at  the  regular  and 
extra  sessions,  when  he  resigned  to  enter  the  army.  Mr.  Leake  was  com- 
missioned captain  of  Company  G,  and  was  soon  promoted  to  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  Twentieth  Regiment  of  Volunteers.  He  participated  in  the 
Battle  of  Prairie  Grove,  where  he  commanded  the  regiment.  Soon  after 
his  command  was  transferred  to  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and  after  the 
fall  of  Vicksburg  the  Twentieth  Regiment  joined  the  Army  of  the  Gulf  in 
the  Mobile  campaign.  Colonel  Leake  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  Battle  of 
Bayou  Fordoche,  remaining  in  a  Confederate  prison  until  July,  1864.  In 
1865  he  was  brevetted  Brigadier-General  for  conspicuous  services  and  was 
mustered  out  in  July  of  the  same  year.  Upon  his  return  to  Iowa,  General 
Leake  was  again  elected  to  the  State  Senate  of  the  Eleventh  General  As- 
sembly where  he  was  chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee.  Later  he 
occupied  several  positions  of  trust  in  his  home  city  and  county.  Early  in 
the  seventies  General  Leake  removed  to  Chicago,  where  in   1879  he  was 


166  HISTORY 


appointed  by  the  President,  United  States  Attorney  for  the  District  of 
Northern  Illinois,  serving  until  1884.  From  1887  to  1891  he  was  the  at- 
torney for  the  Chicago  Board  of  Education;  and  he  has  filled  the  position 
of  Commander  of  the  Legion  of  Honor  of  Illinois. 

ANTOINE  LE  CLAIRE  was  born  at  St.  Joseph,  Michigan,  in  1797. 
His  father  was  a  French  trader  and  his  mother  was  the  daughter  of  a 
chief  of  the  Pottawattamie  Indians.  He  was  conversant  with  many  In- 
dian dialects  and  acted  as  interpreter  for  Colonel  Davenport  in  his  inter- 
course with  the  Indians,  while  stationed  at  Fort  Armstrong.  In  1820  Le 
Claire  married  the  granddaughter  of  a  Sac  chief.  In  the  treaty  of  1832 
between  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians  and  the  United  States,  in  which  Le 
Claire  was  the  interpreter,  a  grant  of  two  sections  of  land  was  made  to 
him  by  these  tribes.  One  section  is  now  embraced  in  the  limits  of  Daven- 
port and  the  other  was  where  the  town  of  Le  Claire  has  been  built.  The 
Pottawattamies  gave  him  two  sections  of  land  now  embraced  in  the  city 
of  Moline.  Mr.  Le  Claire  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  cities  of  Daven- 
port and  Le  Claire  and  a  liberal  promoter  of  many  public  enterprises  in  the 
two  places  in  early  days.     He  died  at  Davenport  in  September  1861. 

HENRY  W.  LEE,  the  first  Episcopal  Bishop  of  Iowa,  was  born  in 
Hamden,  Connecticut,  on  the  29th  of  July,  1815.  A  few  months  later  his 
father  removed  to  Springfield,  Massachusetts,  where  the  son  spent  his 
youthful  days  and  received  his  education.  In  October,  1839,  he  was  or- 
dained to  the  ministry  of  the  Episcopal  church  by  Bishop  Griswold.  He 
was  called  to  be  Rector  of  Christ  Church  at  Springfield  in  April  1840,  where 
he  remained  three  years.  He  then  accepted  a  call  to  St.  Luke's  church,  at 
Rochester,  New  York,  where  he  remained  eleven  years.  The  degree  of  D.D. 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  Hobart  College  in  1850  and  by  the  University 
of  Rochester  in  1852.  In  1867  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred  on  him 
by  the  University  of  Cambridge,  England.  On  the  1st  of  June,  1854,  Dr. 
Henry  W.  Lee  was  elected  Bishop  of  the  Diocese  of  Iowa  and  on  the  18th 
of  October  was  consecrated  at  Rochester  in  the  presence  of  the  Bishops  of 
New  York,  Massachusetts,  Maine,  Michigan  and  Illinois,  Bishop  Eastman 
of  Vermont,  presiding.  Bishop  Lee  made  a  visit  to  the  principal  churches 
of  Iowa  in  the  fall  of  that  year  and  in  January,  1855,  removed  to  Daven- 
port. He  immediately  entered  upon  the  work  of  raising  a  permanent  fund 
for  the  diocese  which  was  wisely  invested  in  more  than  6,000  acres  of  land 
which  as  the  years  went  by  became  valuable,  yielding  a  large  income. 
He  was  instrumental  in  founding  Griswold  College  at  Davenport  which 
was  opened  in  1860.  In  1867  he  made  a  visit  to  the  principal  countries  of 
Europe,  preaching  in  some  of  the  largest  churches  of  England,  France  and 
Ireland.  After  an  arduous  service  of  twenty  years  as  Bishop  of  Iowa 
Henry  W.  Lee  died  at  his  home  on  the  26th  of  September,  1874.     The  last 


OF  IOWA  167 


great  work  he  gave  to  the  diocese  was  the  erection  of  Grace  Cathedral  at 
Davenport. 

SHEPHERD  LEFFLER  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, in  1814.  His  education  was  obtained  in  the  common  schools  of  that 
section  and  at  Steubenville,  Ohio.  He  studied  law  and  came  to  the  "  Black 
Hawk  Purchase "  in  1835,  locating  at  the  "  Flint  Hills,"  then  a  little 
frontier  village  of  log  cabins.  He  improved  a  farm  near  by  and  began  the 
practice  of  law.  In  1839  he  was  elected  a  Representative  in  the  Legisla- 
tive Assembly  of  the  new  Territory  when  but  twenty-five  years  of  age. 
He  was  reelected  in  1841  and  in  1842  was  promoted  to  the  Council  where 
he  served  by  reelection  in  the  Fifth,  Sixth  and  Seventh  Legislative  Assem- 
blies until  Iowa  became  a  State.  He  was  chosen  a  delegate  to  the  First 
Constitutional  Convention  in  1844,  served  through  its  sessions  and  in  1846 
was  a  member  of  the  second  convention  which  framed  the  Constitution 
under  which  Iowa  became  a  State.  In  1846  he  received  the  nomination 
for  Congress  in  the  State  at  large,  by  the  Democratic  Convention  and  was 
elected.  He  was  reelected  from  the  Second  District  in  1848,  serving  four 
years.  In  1856  he  was  again  a  candidate  for  Congress  in  the  Second  Dis- 
trict but  was  defeated  by  Timothy  Davis  his  old  competitor,  as  the  Re- 
publican party  had  now  a  large  majority.  In  1875  Mr.  Leffler  was  nomin- 
ated by  the  Democratic  State  Convention  for  Governor  but  was  defeated 
by  Governor  Kirkwood.  This  was  his  last  appearance  in  State  politics. 
Few  public  officials  in  Iowa  have  exercised  so  wide  an  influence  in  shaping 
its  policy,  framing  and  enacting  its  laws  and  formulating  its  constitu- 
tions in  the  pioneer  period,  as  Shepherd  Leffler.  Serving  in  six  of  its 
Territorial  Legislatures,  two  Constitutional  Conventions  and  four  years  in 
Congress  immediately  after  the  admission  of  the  State,  his  impress  is 
found  upon  all  of  our  early  laws.  He  was  one  of  the  trusted  leaders  of 
the  Democratic  party  as  long  as  it  controlled  the  Territory  and  State.  He 
died  at  Burlington  in  1879. 

FRANK  LEVERETT,  geologist,  was  born  near  Denmark,  Iowa,  March 
10,  1859.  He  was  reared  in  the  atmosphere  of  the  academy  founded  by 
the  grandfather.  Rev.  Asa  Turner,  which  he  entered  in  1872.  Upon  leav- 
ing the  academy  in  1878  the  young  man  spent  a  year  on  his  father's  farm. 
In  1880  he  was  made  teacher  of  natural  science,  a  position  which  he  held 
for  three  years.  During  this  time  he  became  especially  interested  in 
geology  which  led  him  to  spend  a  year  in  Colorado,  partly  at  Colorado 
College  and  partly  in  field  work.  In  1884  he  entered  the  Iowa  Agricultural 
College,  and  before  completing  his  contemplated  course  preparatory  to 
teaching,  he  became  especially  interested  in  glacial  geology.  Through  the 
influence  of  W.  J.  McGee  and  Professor  T.  C.  Chamberlain  he  received  the 
position  of  Special  Field  Assistant  on  the  United  States  Geological  Survey. 


168  HISTORY 


In  1890  he  was  made  an  Assistant  United  States  Geologist.  He  has  given 
his  attention  chiefly  to  glacial  geology,  considering  the  deposits  both  iu 
their  economic  and  scientific  phases.  In  1892  he  spent  some  time  in  the 
service  of  the  Illinois  Board  of  World's  Fair  Commissioners,  preparing 
an  exhibit  of  the  soils  of  the  State.  His  scientific  publications  began  in 
1884  and  he  has  since  contributed  numerous  valuable  articles  to  scientific 
publications,  among  which  may  be  mentioned  the  "  Water  Resources  of 
Illinois,"  and  two  monographs  published  by  the  United  States  Geological 
survey,  the  first  on  the  "  Illinois  Glacial  Lobe,"  and  the  second  "  Glacial 
Formations  and  Drainage  Features  of  the  Erie  and  Ohio  Basins." 

LORENZO  D.  LEWELLING,  was  born  in  Salem,  Iowa,  December  21, 
1846.  His  father,  William,  was  a  Quaker  minister,  who  died  when  his 
son  was  a  small  boy.  Lorenzo  worked  for  farmers  in  the  neighborhood, 
went  to  district  school  in  the  winter  and  later  graduated  from  Whittier 
College.  When  sixteen  years  of  age  he  began  work  at  bridge  building, 
drove  cattle  in  the  quartermaster's  department  in  Tennessee  during  the 
war  and  again  became  a  member  of  a  company  of  bridge  builders.  He  was 
a  teacher  under  the  Freedman's  Aid  Society  in  Missouri  after  the  close  of 
the  war.  Mr.  Lewelling  served  some  time  as  assistant  superintendent  of 
the  State  Reform  School  and  in  1870  established  a  paper  at  Salem.  He 
and  his  wife  were  employed  in  the  Girls'  Industrial  School  at  Mitchell- 
ville  for  a  number  of  years  and  later  he  was  president  of  the  State  Normal 
School.  In  1880  Mr.  Lewelling  removed  to  Des  Moines  and  established  the 
Iowa  Capital.  In  1887  he  removed  to  Kansas,  locating  at  Wichita,  where 
he  took  an  active  interest  in  politics,  espousing  the  cause  of  the  new  Popu- 
list party  and  becoming  one  of  the  most  eloquent  advocates  of  its  prin- 
ciples. In  1888  he  was  nominated  by  that  party  for  Secretary  of  State 
but  was  defeated  at  the  election.  In  1892  the  Democrats  and  Populists 
united  upon  a  ticket  and  Mr.  Lewelling  was  the  fusion  candidate  for 
Governor.  After  a  spirited  canvas  he  was  elected  over  the  Republican 
candidate  by  a  plurality  of  over  5,000.  He  was  renominated  in  1894  but 
was  defeated  at  the  election. 

WARNER  LEWIS,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  northern  Iowa,  was  born  in 
Goochland  County,  Virginia,  in  November,  1805.  He  emigrated  to  the 
mining  region  of  Michigan  Territory  in  1827  and  was  appointed  clerk  of 
the  United  States  District  Court  of  that  Territory.  He  served  in  the  Black 
Hawk  War  and  in  1833  removed  to  Dubuque.  At  the  first  session  of  the 
Wisconsin  Territorial  Legislature  Mr.  Lewis  served  as  chief  clerk  of  the 
House  of  Representatives.  Upon  the  creation  of  Iowa  Territory  in  1838 
he  wa.s  elected  to  the  Council  of  the  First  Legislative  Assembly  where  he 
took  a  prominent  part  in  framing  the  first  laws.  In  1841  he  was  again 
a  member  of  the  Assembly  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House.     In  1850 


^THE 

NEW  YORK      \\ 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY  i) 

Astor,  Lenox  and  Tilden^ 
Foundat'cns. 


OF  IOWA  169 


he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  where  he  served  four  years.  He  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Lucas  Major-General  of  the  Iowa  militia  and  as- 
sisted in  its  organization.  In  1845  he  was  appointed  Register  of  the  United 
States  Land  Office  at  Dubuque.  In  1853  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Pierce  Surveyor-General  for  Iowa,  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota  and  at  the  ex- 
piration of  his  term  was  reappointed  by  President  Buchanan.  He  served 
twenty-four  years  as  recorder  of  Dubuque  County.  Mr.  Lewis  was  a 
prominent  member  of  the  Democratic  party  during  all  of  his  mature  life 
and  died  in  Dubuque,  May  4,  1888,  at  the  age  of  eighty- three. 

W.  R.  LEWIS  was  born  in  Muskingham  County,  Ohio,  October  12, 
1835.  In  April,  1857,  he  removed  to  Poweshiek  County,  Iowa,  which  haa 
since  been  his  home.  He  worked  at  carpentering  and  taught  school  until 
1861,  and  during  hours  not  otherwise  employed  studied  law  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1866.  Mr.  Lewis  held  a  number  of  positions  in  his 
home  county  and  in  1880  was  elected  judge  of  the  Circuit  Court.  This 
position  he  held  six  years  until  that  court  was  abolished.  He  was  then 
elected  judge  of  the  District  Court,  retiring  from  the  bench  in  1890,  and 
resuming  the  practice  of  law.  In  1897  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate, 
serving  in  the  Twenty-seventh  and  Twenty-eighth  General  Assemblies. 

JAMES  R.  LINCOLN  was  born  in  Maryland,  February  3,  1845,  and 
was  educated  at  Landon  Military  Academy  in  his  native  State,  and  in  the 
Pennsylvania  Military  College.  When  the  Civil  War  began  he  enlisted  in 
the  Confederate  army  serving  through  the  war.  In  1867  he  came  to  Iowa, 
locating  at  Boonsboro  where  he  was  superintendent  of  a  coal  mining 
company,  and  served  as  mayor  of  the  city.  He  removed  to  Ames  in  1884 
and  was  elected  Professor  of  Military  Tactics  in  the  State  College  of 
Agriculture  when  General  Geddes  was  displaced  by  the  trustees.  In  1892 
he  was  steward  of  the  college  and  later  Professor  of  Commercial  Law  and 
Mining  Engineering.  He  was  Inspector-General  of  the  Iowa  National 
Guard  when  the  Spanish  War  began  and  was  placed  in  command  of  Camp 
McKinley  at  Des  Moines.  In  May,  1898,  he  was  promoted  to  Brigadier- 
General  of  Volunteers. 

CHARLES  LINDERMAN  was  born  in  Orange  Coimty,  New  York,  on 
the  4th  of  February,  1829,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and 
at  Bloomingburg  and  Clinton  Academies.  In  1855  he  removed  to  Iowa, 
locating  at  Davenport,  where  he  has  been  engaged  in  banking  and  farm- 
ing. He  removed  to  Page  County  before  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War 
and  upon  the  organization  of  the  Eighth  Iowa  Cavalry  Avas  commissioned 
second  lieutenant  of  Company  A,  serving  to  the  close  of  the  war,  having 
been  promoted  to  first  lieutenant.  He  served  as  clerk  of  Page  County 
from  1860  to  1863,  and  in  1865  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  Rep- 


170  HISTORY 


resentative  to  the  Eleventh  General  Assembly.  Before  the  expiration  of 
his  term  he  was  elected  clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  serving  by  reelection 
until  1875.  In  1891  he  was  again  chosen  to  represent  his  county  in  the 
Twenty-fourth  General  Assembly,  serving  two  terms. 

MATHIAS  LORAS,  the  first  Catholic  Bishop  of  Iowa,  was  born  at 
Lyons,  France,  August  30,  1792.  His  father,  who  was  a  loyalist  at  the 
time  of  the  French  Revolution,  fell  a  victim  to  the  "  reign  of  terror." 
Young  Loras  studied  at  Lyons  several  years  and  became  a  priest  in  1817. 
He  came  to  America  in  1829.  His  fine  ability  attracted  attention  and  in 
a  few  years  he  became  Vicar-General.  When  the  Diocese  of  Dubuque  was 
established  Father  Loras  was  made  bishop.  He  returned  to  France  and 
procured  six  missionaries  for  the  new  diocese  and  reached  Dubuque  in 
April,  1839.  The  diocese  embraced  all  of  the  territory  north  of  Missouri 
between  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  rivers  in  which  were  more  than  30,- 
000  Indians  who  were  in  his  charge.  Throughout  this  region  he  estab- 
lished schools.  He  sat  in  the  Fourth  Council  of  Baltimore  in  1840,  in  the 
Fifth  in  1843,  the  Sixth  in  1846  and  again  in  1849.  After  many  ineflfectual 
efforts  in  1843  he  succeeded  in  obtaining  a  religious  community  for  the 
girls'  school  of  his  diocese.  In  1854  he  had  established  thirty-one  Catholic 
churches  in  the  State  of  Iowa  with  a  membership  of  more  than  15,000. 
During  nearly  twenty  years  of  devoted  work  for  the  church  he  won  the 
esteem  of  thousands  of  its  best  citizens.  He  died  on  the  19th  of  February, 
1858,  at  Dubuque. 

WILLIAM  LOUGHRIDGE  was  born  in  Youngstown,  Ohio,  July  11, 
1827.  He  received  a  common  school  education,  studied  law  and  began 
practice  in  Mansfield,  Ohio.  Coming  to  Iowa  in  1852  he  located  at  Oska- 
loosa  where  he  practiced  law.  In  1856  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican 
ticket  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  four  years.  In  1861  he  was  chosen 
judge  of  the  Sixth  Judicial  Circuit,  serving  until  January,  1867.  He  was 
elected  to  Congress  in  1866  and  twice  reelected,  being  a  member  of  the 
Fortieth,   Forty-first   and   Forty-third   Congresses. 

JAMES  M.  LOVE  was  born  in  Fairfax,  Virginia,  March  4,  1820. 
The  family  removed  to  Zanesville,  Ohio,  when  he  was  a  lad  of  twelve 
and  there  he  obtained  a  good  education  and  studied  law  with  an  older 
brother.  When  the  war  with  Mexico  began  he  volunteered  and  was 
chosen  captain  of  a  company,  serving  through  the  war.  In  1850  he  re- 
moved to  Iowa,  locating  at  Keokuk  where  he  entered  into  partnership 
with  Samuel  F.  Miller  in  the  practice  of  law.  In  1852  he  was  elected  on 
the  Democratic  ticket  to  the  State  Senate  where  he  served  four  years  as 
chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee.  In  1855  he  was  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Pierce  Judge  of  the  United  States  District  Court  for  Iowa,  a  position 


NEW  YORK       \\ 
PUBLIC  library'! 

\      ^' 
Ns,. 


OF   IOWA  171 


he  held  the  remainder  of  his  life.  In  1875  he  accepted  an  appointment  in 
the  State  University  as  Professor  of  Commercial  Law  and  served  three 
years  as  Chancellor  of  the  Law  Department.  Of  all  the  decisions  rendered 
by  Judge  Love  during  his  long  term  of  service  but  three  were  reversed  by 
the  Supreme  Court.  He  died  July  2,  1891.  At  the  following  meeting  of 
the  Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association,  Judge  George  G.  Wright  said  of 
Judge  Love: 

"  As  a  lawyer,  he  ranked  among  the  ablest  in  the  west ;  as  a  legislator 
he  was  the  peer  of  any  of  his  colleagues;  as  a  judge  he  was  honest,  labo- 
rious, courteous,  learned  and  strong;  his  life  and  character  were  pure  and 
spotless." 

ENOS  LOWE,  one  of  the  pioneer  lawmakers  of  Iowa,  was  born  on 
the  5th  of  May,  1804,  in  the  county  of  Guilford,  North  Carolina.  He 
took  a  course  in  medicine  at  the  Ohio  Medical  College  and,  locating  at 
Greencastle,  Indiana,  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He  be- 
came an  active  Democratic  politician  and  was  elected  to  a  seat  in  the 
Indiana  Legislature.  In  1837  he  removed  to  the  "Black  Hawk  Purchase" 
and  located  at  Burlington,  then  a  small  frontier  village  where  he  prac- 
ticed medicine.  He  became  widely  and  favorably  known  and  in  1844  was 
chosen  a  member  of  the  First  Constitutional  Convention  where  he  made 
the  acquaintance  of  many  young  men  who  afterwards  became  famous  in 
the  history  of  Iowa.  The  Constitution  framed  by  this  Convention  having 
been  rejected.  Dr.  Lowe  was  elected  to  the  Convention  of  1846  which 
enacted  the  Constitution  under  which  Iowa  became  a  State.  He  was 
elected  to  preside  over  that  body.  When  the  United  States  Land  Office 
was  established  at  Iowa  City  Dr.  Lowe  was  appointed  receiver  of  public 
money  and  removed  to  the  Capital.  In  1853  he  was  appointed  receiver  of 
the  United  States  Land  Office  at  Council  Bluffs.  He  became  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  city  of  Omaha,  being  a  member  of  the  company  that  platted 
the  town  in  1853.     He  died  on  the  13th  of  February,  1880. 

RALPH  P.  LOWE,  fourth  Governor  of  the  State  of  Iowa,  was  born 
in  Warren  County.  Ohio,  on  the  27th  of  November,  1805.  His  father 
owned  a  farm  and  kept  a  stage  station  and  tavern.  Ralph  assisted  his 
father,  and  when  a  boy  his  ambition  was  to  some  day  become  a  stage 
driver.  But  as  he  grew  older  and  listened  to  the  talk  of  Henry  Clay  and 
other  distinguished  statesmen  who  stopped  at  his  father's  tavern,  on  their 
journeys  by  stage  coach,  he  imbibed  a  higher  ambition.  He  began  to  study 
and  entered  the  Miami  University  where  he  graduated.  He  then  began 
the  study  of  law.  In  1840  he  came  to  Iowa,  crossing  the  Mississippi  River 
at  Bloomington  (now  Muscatine)  where  he  bought  a  farm.  He  improved 
the  farm  and  began  to  practice  law,  taking  an  active  part  in  public  affairs. 
In  1844  he  was  elected  to  the  First  Constitutional  Convention.     In  1845  he 


172  HISTORY 


was  nominated  by  the  Whiga  for  Delegate  in  Congress,  but  the  Democrats 
had  a  clear  majority  in  the  Territory  and  he  was  defeated  by  General  A. 
C.  Dodge.  In  1852  Mr.  Lowe  was  chosen  judge  of  the  District  Court,  serv- 
ing until  1857  when  he  resigned,  having  been  nominated  by  the  Republican 
State  Convention  for  Governor.  He  was  elected  and  was  the  first  Gover- 
nor under  the  new  Constitution,  serving  but  one  term.  In  1859  he  was 
elected  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  became  Chief  Justice  in  1860.  He 
was  reelected  in  1861  and  again  became  Chief  Justice  in  1866.  He  re- 
moved to  Washington,  D.  C,  in  1874  where  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law, 
and  died  in  that  city  December  22,  1883. 

ROBERT  LUCAS,  first  Governor  of  Iowa  Territory,  was  born  at 
Shepherdstown,  Jefferson  County,  Virginia,  on  the  1st  of  April,  1781. 
His  father  was  an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  War  who,  in  1800,  liberated 
his  slaves  and  removed  to  Scioto  County,  Ohio.  Robert  received  his  educa- 
tion under  a  private  teacher  and  became  a  surveyor.  When  the  War  of 
1812  began  he  was  appointed  captain  in  the  regular  army  and  as  the  war 
progressed  attained  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  served  nineteen  years  in  the 
Ohio  Legislature  and  during  that  period  was  presiding  officer  of  both 
House  and  Senate.  In  1832  he  was  president  of  the  Democratic  National 
Convention  which  nominated  Andrew  Jackson  for  President.  In  the  same 
year  he  was  elected  Governor  of  Ohio  and  in  1834  was  reelected,  serving 
four  years.  On  the  7th  of  July,  1838,  he  was  appointed  by  President  Van 
Buren  Governor  of  the  new  Territory  of  Iowa.  As  his  services  in  that 
position  have  been  mentioned  quite  fully  elsewhere  it  is  sufficient  here  to 
say  that  he  gave  to  Iowa  an  able,  intelligent  and  faithful  administration. 
At  its  close  he  retired  to  his  farm  near  Iowa  City  in  June,  1841.  Gover- 
nor Lucas  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  First  Constitutional  Convention 
which  met  in  1844  and  was  one  of  its  ablest  and  most  useful  delegates. 
He  died  at  his  home  February  7,  1853. 

JOSEPH  LYMAN  was  born  at  Lyons,  Michigan,  September  13,  1840. 
He  received  but  a  common  school  education  as  the  war  came  soon  after  he 
entered  college  and  he  left  to  enlist  in  the  Union  army.  He  first  became 
a  private  in  the  Fourth  Iowa  Cavalry  but  in  October,  1862,  was  promoted 
to  adjutant  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Infantry  and  in  February,  1865,  was  pro- 
moted to  major,  serving  to  the  close  of  the  war.  Upon  returning  home  he 
studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  entered  upon  practice  at  Council 
Bluffs.  He  was  for  a  time  deputy  collector  of  Internal  Revenue  in  the 
Fifth  District  and  was  circuit  judge  of  the  Thirteenth  Judicial  District 
from  January,  1884,  until  he  was  elected  Representative  in  Congress  from 
the  Fifth  District  at  the  general  election  of  that  year.  He  served  two 
terms,  having  been  reelected  in  the  fall  of  1886.  Mr.  Lyman  died  at 
Council  Bluffs  on  the  9th  of  July,  1890. 


EMIL  McCLAIN 


OF  IOWA  173 


WILLIAIM  CORSE  McARTHUR,  grandson  of  General  John  M.  Corse, 
one  of  Iowa's  most  distinguished  soldiers,  is  a  native  of  Burlington.  Mr. 
McArthur  received  his  education  at  the  Institute  College  of  Burlington, 
Chicago  University  and  Cornell  University  of  New  York,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  1881.  He  took  the  law  course  at  Columbia  College  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1882.  Immediately  he  entered  upon  practice  in  his 
native  city  and  was  soon  after  appointed  deputy  collector  of  Internal 
Revenue.  He  served  as  colonel  on  the  staffs  of  Governors  Jackson  and 
Drake.  In  1895  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  Twenty-sixth  General  Assembly  where  he  was  a 
prominent  supporter  of  bills  to  permit  the  manufacture  of  spirituous 
liquors  in  the  State,  to  drain  lowlands  of  the  Mississippi  valley  and  to 
prohibit  city  councils  from  granting  franchises  to  quasi-public  corpora- 
tions. In  1897  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  where  he  served  in  the 
Twenty-seventh  General  Assembly.  In  1900  Mr.  McArthur  was  appointed 
clerk  of  the  United  States  District  Court. 

CORNELIUS  G.  MCCARTHY  was  born  at  Toledo,  Ontario,  January 
29,  1843.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  in  1864  came  to 
Iowa  and  taught  school  in  Story  County.  In  1867  he  located  at  Ames 
and  became  engaged  in  farming  and  stock  raising.  He  was  for  many  years 
connected  with  the  Central  Importing  &  Breeding  Company  which  carried 
on  a  large  business  in  importing  French  and  English  horses  of  the  best 
breeds.  In  1881  Mr.  McCarthy  was  elected  county  auditor,  serving  four 
terms.  In  1889  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  represent  Story 
County  in  the  House  of  the  Twenty-third  Gteneral  Assembly.  During  the 
same  year  he  helped  to  organize  the  Iowa  Savings  &  Loan  Association  of 
which  he  has  long  been  president.  In  1892  he  was  elected  Auditor  of 
State,  serving  by  reelection  three  terms.  He  was  instrumental  in  intro- 
ducing many  reforms  in  that  important  department.  Mr.  McCarthy  ac- 
quired wide  influence  in  the  Republican  party  and  became  one  of  its  most 
influential  leaders.  He  has  from  the  first  been  a  warm  supporter  of  Hon. 
A.  B.  Cummins  for  United  States  Senator,  and  was  largely  instrumental 
in  securing  his  nomination  for  Governor  in  1901. 

EMIL  McCLAIN  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  having  been  born  in 
Salem,  November  25,  1851.  His  father  removed  with  his  family  to  Iowa 
in  1855,  locating  in  Tipton  where  he  had  charge  of  the  public  schools. 
The  son  entered  the  State  University  at  Iowa  City  in  1871,  graduating  in 
the  Law  Department  in  1873.  He  studied  law  with  Judge  Wright  of  Des 
Moines,  becoming  his  private  secretary  after  he  was  chosen  United  States 
Senator  and  later  was  clerk  of  the  Senate  committee  on  claims.  In  1877 
he  began  to  practice  law  in  Des  Moines  and  prepared  "  McClain's  Anno- 
tated Statutes   of  Iowa "  which  was  published  in    1880  and  became  the 


174  HISTORY 


standard  code  of  the  State.  In  1881,  Mr.  McClain  was  appointed  professor 
in  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  University,  removing  to  Iowa  City 
where  he  was  made  Vice-Chancellor  in  1887  and  Chancellor  in  1890.  He 
has  been  long  a  law  writer ;  his  principal  works  are :  "  Outlines  of  Criminal 
Law,"  18S4;  "'  Synopsis  of  Elementary  Law  and  Law  of  Personal  Property,'' 
1884;  "Digest  of  Iowa  Reports,"  1887  and  1898;  "  Criminal  Law,"  two  vol- 
umes, 1897;  "Cases  on  Law  of  Carriers,"  1893  and  1896;  "Cases  on  Con- 
stitutional Law,"  in  1900.  He  has  been  a  contributor  to  many  law  jour- 
nals and  an  active  member  of  the  American  Bar  Association.  In  189-4 
Chancellor  McClain  was  appointed  one  of  the  Commissioners  of  Iowa  to 
act  with  Commissioners  from  other  States  to  recommend  uniform  laws 
on  negotiable  instruments  and  in  conformity  with  their  report  acts  have 
been  passed  by  New  York,  Connecticut,  Colorado,  Florida  and  other  States 
which  will  probably  be  the  basis  of  future  commercial  law  in  the  United 
States.  In  1894  Chancellor  McClain  was  selected  by  the  Senate  of  Iowa 
as  one  of  the  Code  Commissioners  to  formulate  a  revised  code.  Their  work 
was  the  basis  of  the  code  adopted  by  the  special  session  of  the  Twenty- 
sixth  General  Assembly.  Chancellor  McClain  was  selected  to  prepare  the 
annotations  of  the  new  code  which  was  published  in  1897.  At  the  Re- 
publican State  Convention  in  1900,  he  received  the  nomination  for  Judge 
of  the  Svipreme  Court,  and  was  elected,  assuming  the  duties  in  January, 
1901. 

MOSES  A.  McCOID  was  born  in  Logan  County,  Ohio,  on  the  5th  of 
November,  1840.  He  was  educated  at  Fairfield  University  and  Washington 
College,  Pennsylvania.  He  removed  to  Rairfield,  Iowa,  and  studied  law 
with  James  F.  Wilson  of  that  place  from  1858  to  1861.  On  the  6th  of  May 
he  enlisted  in  Company  E,  Sixth  Regiment  of  Volunteer  Infantry.  He  took 
part  in  the  battles  of  Fort  Donelson,  Shiloh,  Corinth.  Bear  Creek,  Resaca 
and  Ostenaula  River.  He  was  first  promoted  to  second  lieutenant  and  later 
to  adjutant  of  the  regiment.  Upon  his  return  from  the  war  he  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law  at  Fairfield  and  was  chosen  District  Attorney  of  the 
Sixth  District,  serving  until  1871  when  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
where  he  served  six  years.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  on  the  Republican 
ticket  in  1878  and  was  twice  reelected,  serving  six  years. 

GEORGE  W.  McCRARY  was  born  on  the  29th  of  August,  1835,  near 
Evansville,  Indiana.  In  1837  the  family  emigrated  to  the  "  Black  Hawk 
Purchase,"  locating  in  Van  Buren  County  where  the  son  grew  to  man- 
hood on  his  father's  farm.  He  received  a  liberal  education  and  when 
nineteen  began  to  study  law  with  Rankin  &  Miller.  When  Miller  became 
Judge  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  Mr.  McCrary  took  his  place  in 
the  law  firm.  In  1857,  at  the  age  of  twenty-two,  Mr.  McCrary  was  elected  a 
Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Seventh  General  Assembly,  being  its 


GEORGE    W.    McCRARY 


OF   IOWA  175 


youngest  member.     In   1861   he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,   serving 
four  years.     He  was  an  able  and  influential  legislator  and   in   1868  was 
elected  Representative  in  Congress   from  the   First  District.     He  was  re- 
peatedly reelected,  serving  eight  years.     As  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
elections  in  the  Forty-second  Congress  he  insisted  that  every  case  should 
be  decided  upon  the  evidence,  independent  of  partisan  considerations.     lu 
the  Forty-third  Congress  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  railroads  and 
canals  he  prepared  an  able  report  on  the  constitutional  power  of  Congress 
to  regulate  commerce  among  the  States  which  has  since  been  regarded  as 
high  authority  sustaining  that  power.     At  the  time  of  the  contest  follow- 
ing the  Presidential  election  of  1876,  Mr.  McCrary  originated  the  famous 
Electoral  Commission  which  decided  that  perilous  controversy.     He  made 
an  able  argument  before  that  tribunal  in  support  of  the  legality  of  the 
election  of  Hayes  and  when  the  latter  became  President,  George  W.  Mc- 
Crary was  chosen  Secretary  of  War,  entering  the  Cabinet  March  12,  1877. 
After  nearly  three  years'  service  in  that  position,  he  was  appointed  United 
States   Judge  of   the  Eighth   Circuit,   embracing   the    States   of   Missouri, 
Iowa,  Minnesota,  Nebraska,  Kansas  and  Arkansas.     Mr.  McCrary  resigned 
the  war  portfolio  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  new  position  in  Jan- 
uary,  1880.     He  brought  to  the  bench  great  legal  attainments,  his  opin- 
ions were  clear,  sound  and  comprehensive  and  rank  as  high  authority.     He 
here  met  as  an  associate  his  first  instructor  in  law  and  his  life-long  friend, 
Justice  Samuel  F.  Miller.     In  1884  Judge  McCrary  resigned  the  judgeship 
and  accepted  the  position  of  general  counsel   for  the   Santa   Fe  Railroad 
system,  making  his  home  in  Kansas  City.     As  a  law  writer  Judge  McCrary 
ranked  high ;  his  "  American  Law  of  Elections,"  is  the  standard  work  on 
that  subject.    He  was  a  contributor  to  the  North  American  Review  and  an 
able  writer  on  Unitarianism,  being  a  prominent  member  of  that  denomi- 
nation.   He  died  in  the  meridian  of  a  noble  life  on  the  23d  of  June,  1890, 
loved  and  honored  by  the  best  people  of  the  Nation.     His  body  was  taken 
to  his  old  home  where  it  rests  among  his  early  friends  at  Keokuk.     He 
was  a  noble  man,  an  unsullied  statesman  and  jurist  and  the  highest  type 
of  an  American  citizen. 

JAMES  W.  McDILL  was  born  at  Monroe,  Ohio,  March  4,  1834.  He 
was  educated  at  the  South  Salem  Academy  and  at  Miami  University  from 
which  he  graduated  in  18-53.  He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
and  removed  to  Union  County,  Iowa,  in  1856.  Here  he  served  as  county 
judge  one  term,  was  clerk  of  a  Senate  committee  and  clerk  in  the  office 
of  the  third  auditor  at  Washington.  In  1868  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
Circuit  Court  and  later  judge  of  the  District  Court.  In  1872  he  was  elected 
to  Congress  for  the  Eighth  District,  serving  two  terms.  In  1878  he  was 
appointed  Railroad  Commissioner,  serving  until  March,  1881,  when  he  was 
appointed   United   States    Senator   to   fill    the   vacancy   occasioned   by   the 


176  HISTORY 


resignation  of  Kirkwood.  The  term  ended  March  4,  1883.  Judge  Mc- 
Dill  was  again  appointed  Railroad  Commissioner  for  three  years  from 
April,  1884.  He  was  appointed  by  President  Harrison  one  of  the  members 
of  the  Inter-State  Commerce  Commission,  which  place  he  held  at  the  time 
of  his  death  which  occurred  on  the  28th  of  February,  1894. 

W  J  McGEE  was  born  in  Dubuque  County,  Iowa,  April  17,  1853.  In 
youth  he  worked  on  a  farm  and  in  a  blacksmith  shop  and  became  a  land 
surveyor.  He  was  a  student,  securing  a  good  knowledge  of  Latin  and 
higher  mathematics.  Early  in  the  seventies  he  went  to  Farley  where  he 
invented  and  had  patented  several  mechanical  devices,  chiefly  improve- 
ments in  agricultural  implements.  About  this  time  he  began  to  take  an 
interest  in  geology  and  archseology  and  made  an  amateirr  geological  survey, 
covering  17,000  square  miles  in  northeastern  Iowa,  being  the  most  ex- 
tensive survey  ever  made  at  private  expense.  From  1883  to  1893  he  was 
in  charge  of  the  coastal  plain  operations  of  the  United  States  Geological 
Survey,  compiling  many  geological  maps  and  making  personal  surveys 
covering  more  than  300,000  square  miles.  He  has  published  several  volumes 
and  many  papers  on  geological  and  anthropological  subjects.  Professor 
McGee  has  established  various  new  principles  in  glacial  and  general 
geology,  as  well  as  tracing  the  beginnings  of  agriculture,  marriage,  domesti- 
cation of  animals,  etc.,  in  the  field  of  anthropology.  In  addition  to  his 
official  position  in  charge  of  the  Bureau  of  American  Ethnology  at  Wash- 
ington, Professor  McGee  is  non-resident  professor  of  anthropology  in  the 
State  University  of  Iowa  and  was  representative  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey  in  the  International  Geological  Congress  at  Berlin  in 
1887;  acting  president  of  the  American  Association  for  Advancement  of 
Science,  1897;  president  of  the  Anthropological  Society  of  Washington, 
1897-99;  vice-president  of  the  National  Geographic  Society,  1898-9;  first 
president  of  the  American  Anthropological  Association  and  vice-president 
of  the  Ordicalogical  Institute  of  America.  He  is  a  member  of  leading 
scientific  and  historical  societies,  being  founder  of  Columbia  Historical  So- 
ciety and  first  editor  of  the  Geological  Society  of  America. 

JOHN  F.  McJUNKIN  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Pennsylvania, 
September  23,  1830.  He  attended  the  public  schools  until  qualified  to 
teach,  when  for  several  years  he  earned  by  that  occupation  enough  to  se- 
cure an  excellent  education.  In  1857  he  began  to  study  law  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1858.  The  following  year  he  located  in  Washing- 
ton County,  Iowa,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession.  He 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  the  fall  of  1863  on  the  Republican  ticket, 
serving  in  the  Tenth  and  Eleventh  General  Assemblies.  Mr.  McJunkin 
was  the  author  of  the  joint  resolutions  adopted  by  the  Tenth  General  As- 
sembly instructing  our  Senators  and  Representatives  in  Congress  to  sup- 


JAMES  W.  McDILL 


OF  IOWA  177 


port  an  amendment  to  the  Federal  Constitution  for  the  entire  abolition  of 
slavery.  This  was  the  first  action  taken  by  a  State  which  resulted  in 
such  an  amendment.  In  1876  he  was  elected  Attorney-General  of  the 
State  on  the  Republican  ticket,  in  which  position  he  served  two  terms.  He 
died  many  years  ago. 

JOHN  McKEAN  is  a  native  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania,  born  in 
Lawrence  County  on  the  19th  of  July,  1835.  He  was  an  infant  when  his 
father  removed  to  Ohio  and  located  on  a  farm  where  the  boy  received  his 
early  education.  Later  he  attended  New  Richmond  College.  In  1854  John 
and  a  brother  came  to  Iowa  in  an  emigrant  wagon,  taking  a  claim  at  Scotch 
Grove  in  Jones  County,  where  they  opened  a  farm.  He  read  law  at  Anamosa 
in  Jones  County,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  there  began  to  prac- 
tice. In  1865  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Eleventh  General  As- 
sembly serving  two  terms,  after  which  he  was  promoted  to  the  Senate 
where  he  served  in  the  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth  General  Assemblies. 
Mr.  McKean  was  an  able  and  influential  legislator  and  did  good  service 
for  the  Agricultural  College  and  the  State  University;  for  six  years  he 
was  a  regent  of  the  latter.  He  secured  the  establishment  of  an  additional 
penitentiary  at  Anamosa.  In  1872  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court,  where  he  remained  for  many  years. 

HORACE  G.  McMillan  was  born  in  Wayne  County,  Ohio,  May  20, 
1854.  When  but  three  years  of  age  his  parents  removed  to  Washington 
County,  Iowa,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  His  education  was  acquired  in 
the  district  school  and  the  academies  of  Grandview  and  Washington.  Later 
he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1880,  immediately  entering 
upon  practice  in  Washington.  He  removed  to  Rock  Rapids  in  Lyon  County 
in  1882.  In  early  days  the  bonds  of  that  county  had  been  fraudulently 
issued  for  $170,000  and  the  school  districts  had  been  bonded  for  sums 
ranging  from  $20,000  to  $250,000  each.  When  legitimate  settlers  came  in 
litigation  was  instituted  to  defeat  the  payment  of  these  fraudulent  bonds, 
and  Mr.  McMillan  was  employed  to  conduct  some  of  the  suits  on  behalf 
of  the  county  and  school  districts.  He  tried  them  in  the  State  and  United 
States  Supreme  Courts,  winning  two  of  them,  and  thus  saved  thousands  of 
dollars  to  the  taxpayers.  He  served  three  terms  as  county  attorney  and  in 
1892  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  Republican  State  Central  Committee, 
serving  many  years.  In  1895  he  was  elected  chairman  of  the  committee 
and  as  such  had  charge  of  three  State  campaigns,  conducting  them  with 
marked  ability.  In  1898  he  was  appointed  by  President  McKinley  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  Northern  District  of  Iowa.  The  same  year  he  in 
company  with  Cyrenus  Cole,  late  of  the  State  Register,  purchased  the 
Cedar  Rapids  Daily  Republican,  of  which  they  immediately  assumed  the 
management. 

[Vol.  3]  .      -   -  - 


178  HISTOSY 

SAMUEL  McNUTT  was  born  near  Londonderry,  Ireland,  November 
21,  1825.  His  father  emigrated  to  America  when  the  son  was  a  child 
and  located  on  a  farm  in  Delaware.  Samuel  was  educated  in  Delaware 
College,  taught  school  and  studied  law.  He  removed  to  Milwaukee  where 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1851.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1854,  and  en- 
gaged in  teaching  at  Muscatine.  He  joined  D.  F.  Wells  in  the  publication 
of  the  Voice  of  Iowa,  the  first  educational  periodical  in  the  State.  In  1856 
Mr.  McNutt  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Muscatine  Enquirer,  assuming  the 
editorial  management.  A  few  years  later  he  became  associate  editor  of  the 
Duiuque  Herald  with  J.  B.  Dorr.  Up  to  this  time  Mr.  McNutt  had  been  a 
"  Douglas  Democrat  "  but  when  the  Civil  War  began  he  became  a  warm 
supporter  of  Lincoln's  administration  as  a  Union  Democrat.  The  "  War 
Democrats  "  were  displeased  with  the  position  of  the  Herald  and  united 
in  establishing  The  Evening  Union  with  Mr.  McNutt  as  editor.  It  was  a 
strong  supporter  of  the  war  measures  of  Congress  and  the  President. 
After  the  Union  was  discontinued  he  became  one  of  the  editors  of  the 
Duiuque  Times,  afterwards  returning  to  Muscatine.  Having  united  with 
the  Republican  party  he  was  elected  in  the  fall  of  1863  Representative  in 
the  Legislature  where  he  served  by  reelection  for  six  years  and  at  the  close 
of  his  third  term  was  elected  to  the  Senate  for  four  years.  He  was  one 
of  the  early  and  able  advocates  of  legislative  control  of  railroads  and  in 
all  matters  before  the  Legislature  was  an  earnest  champion  of  the  interests 
of  the  industrial  classes  and  the  author  of  many  excellent  laws.  In  1872 
he  was  a  prominent  candidate  for  State  Treasurer  before  the  Republican 
Convention  but  was  defeated  by  the  railroad  influence  which  was  united 
against  him.  In  August,  1890,  he  was  appointed  by  President  Harrison 
United  States  Consul  at  Maracaibo,  in  Venezuela. 

SMITH  Mcpherson  was  bom  in  Morgan  County,  Indiana,  Febru- 
ary 14,  1848.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  received  a  liberal  education  and 
removing  to  Iowa  entered  the  State  University,  graduating  in  the  Law 
Department  in  1870.  He  located  at  Red  Oak  in  Montgomery  County  and 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  law.  In  1874  he  was  elected  on  the  Repub- 
lican ticket  District  Attorney  for  the  Third  District,  serving  six  years. 
In  1880  he  was  elected  Attorney-General  of  the  State,  serving  four  years. 
In  1898  he  was  elected  to  Congress  for  the  Ninth  District.  In  1900  he 
was  appointed  by  the  President  United  States  judge  for  the  Southern  Dis- 
trict of  Iowa. 

ALFRED  H.  McVFlY  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Ohio,  and  his  edu- 
cation was  obtained  in  the  schools  of  that  State.  When  the  Civil  War 
came  he  enlisted  in  the  Seventy-ninth  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry  and  served 
until  mustered  out.  He  then  entered  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University  and 
was  graduated  in   1868.     Later  he  graduated   from  the  Law  Department 


ff^ 


A.    H.    McVEY 


OF   IOWA  179 


of  the  Cincinnati  College  and  began  to  practice.  Moving  to  Toledo,  Mr. 
McVey  became  general  counsel  for  the  Toledo,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis 
Railway.  In  1883  he  removed  to  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  where  he  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1901  he  was  appointed  by  Governor 
Shaw  judge  of  the  District  Court,  and  at  the  following  general  election 
Judge  MeVey  was  chosen  for  a  full  term. 

CYRUS  H.  MACKEY  was  a  native  of  Illinois  where  he  was  born  in 
1837.  He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  at  the  beginning  of 
the  Civil  War  was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Sigourney  in  Keokuk 
County,  Iowa.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  Thirty-third  Iowa  Infantry, 
he  was  commissioned  lieutenant-colonel,  in  August,  1862.  He  commanded 
the  regiment  at  the  Battle  of  Helena  where  he  was  wounded.  After  the 
death  of  Colonel  Samuel  A.  Rice  he  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  regi- 
ment and  was  commissioned  colonel.  In  1883  he  was  the  Democratic  candi- 
date for  Congress  in  the  Sixth  District  but  was  not  elected. 

GEORGE  F.  MAGOON,  first  president  of  Iowa  College,  was  born  at 
Bath,  Maine,  March  29,  1821.  He  graduated  from  Bowdoin  College  in 
1841  and  studied  theology  at  Andover  and  Yale  Seminaries.  He  came 
west  and  was  principal  of  an  academy  at  Plattsville,  Wisconsin,  and 
later  w^as  pastor  of  churches  in  Galena,  Illinois,  and  Davenport  and  Lyons, 
Iowa.  In  Davenport  he  was  pastor  of  the  college  church,  was  chosen  a 
trustee,  holding  that  office  during  the  removal  of  the  college  to  Grinnell. 
In  1862  he  was  chosen  president  of  Iowa  College,  although  he  did  not 
leave  his  church  at  Lyons  until  1865.  He  remained  president  for  twenty 
years,  retiring  in  1884,  though  he  continued  to  teach  mental  and  moral 
philosophy.  During  his  administration  Dr.  Magoon  aided  materially  in 
securing  a  larger  endo^vment  fund  for  the  college.  He  was  an  ardent  advo- 
cate of  prohibition  of  the  liquor  traffic  and  wielded  his  pen  with  great 
eflFect  in  the  cause.  He  was  editor  of  the  Iowa  Neios  Letter  and  the  Con- 
gregational Quarterly,  and  a  contributor  to  many  educational  journals. 
He  died  January  15,   1896,  at  his  home  in  Grinnell. 

JOHN  MAHIN  was  born  on  the  8th  of  December,  1833,  at  Noblesville, 
Indiana.  He  learned  the  printer's  trade  in  the  office  of  the  Bloomington 
(now  Muscatine)  Herald  in  1847.  In  1851  the  name  of  the  Herald  was 
changed  to  the  Muscatine  Journal  and  in  July,  1852,  Mr.  Mahin  became 
its  editor,  a  position  which  he  has  held  for  nearly  fifty  years.  In  1856 
the  daily  edition  was  established;  it  was  first  a  Whig  and  later  a  Republi- 
can paper  and  one  of  the  firm,  unflinching  advocates  of  temperance.  In 
1872  Mr.  Mahin  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  one  of  the  Repre- 
sentatives in  the  Legislature.  He  served  many  years  as  postmaster  of 
Muscatine  and  was  for  a  time  Inspector  of  the  Post-Office  Department.     In 


180  HISTORY 


1888  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republican  State  Convention  for  Railroad 
Commissioner  but  was  defeated  by  a  few  votes  for  a  candidate  who  was 
more  acceptable  to  the  railroad  companies  of  the  State.  Mr.  Mahin  was 
one  of  the  most  fearless  and  uncompromising  foes  of  saloons  and  in  his 
warfare  upon  the  liquor  traffic  had  incurred  the  enmity  of  the  liquor 
league.  On  the  night  of  May  10,  1893,  his  residence  was  destroyed  by 
dynamite  placed  under  it  by  conspirators  in  the  interest  of  the  saloons  of 
the  city.  Two  other  residences  belonging  to  persons  who  had  been  active 
in  trying  to  enforce  the  prohibitory  law  were  destroyed.  Threats  had  been 
repeatedly  made  against  the  men  who  were  active  in  prosecuting  the  vio- 
lators of  the  law  and  on  the  night  of  the  destruction  of  the  homes  they 
were  occupied  by  the  families  consisting  of  eighteen  persons,  mostly  women 
and  children.  While  the  homes  were  wrecked,  the  inmates  fortunately 
escaped  the  horrible  fate  intended  for  them.  Arrests  were  made  and  one 
of  the  wretches,  Matt  Woods,  was  proved  to  have  been  the  person  who 
threw  one  of  the  bombs.  He  was  sent  to  the  penitentiary  for  ten  years. 
He  refused  to  divulge  the  names  of  the  other  conspirators  and  they  escaped 
punishment.  Mr.  Mahin's  loss  was  about  $6,000  but  it  did  not  silence 
his  war  upon  the  saloon  lawbreakers. 

DENNIS  A.  MAHONEY  was  born  in  Ross  County,  Ireland,  January  20, 
1821.  When  he  was  nine  years  old  his  parents  came  to  America,  locating 
in  Philadelphia  where  the  son  was  educated.  In  1843  he  came  to  Dubuque, 
Iowa,  and  for  five  years  was  engaged  in  teaching.  He  was  a  frequent 
contributor  to  the  journals  of  Dubuque  and  studying  law  was  admitted  to 
the  bar.  He  removed  to  Jackson  County  where,  in  1848,  he  was  elected  to 
the  General  Assembly.  After  his  term  expired  he  became  editor  of  the 
Dubuque  Miners'  Express.  A  few  years  later  he  was  one  of  a  firm  which 
established  the  Dubuque  Herald,  of  which  he  became  editor.  He  took  a 
deep  interest  in  the  public  schools  and  was  a  member  of  the  first  board 
of  education  of  Dubuque.  In  1858  he  was  again  a  member  of  the  General 
Assembly.  He  remained  editor  of  the  Herald  until  1862  and  ranked  with 
the  ablest  political  writers  of  the  State.  Mr.  Mahoney  was  a  radical 
opponent  of  the  war  for  suppression  of  the  Rebellion  and  his  writings  on 
that  subject  aroused  a  storm  of  indignation  among  Union  men  which 
threatened  personal  violence.  On  the  night  of  the  14th  of  August,  1862, 
he  was  arrested  by  H.  M.  Hoxie,  United  States  Marshal,  and  taken  to 
Washington  where  he  was  incarcerated  in  the  old  Capital  prison.  \Vhile 
in  prison  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  of  the  Third  Iowa  Dis- 
trict for  Representative  in  Congress,  and  although  defeated  by  William  B. 
Allison  carried  Dubuque  County  by  a  majority  of  1,457.  He  was  released 
without  trial  after  about  three  months'  imprisonment  and  returned  to 
Dubuque  but  the  Herald  had  been  sold  during  his  absence.  The  following 
year  he  was  elected  sheriff,  holding  the  office  four  years.     In  1869  he  be- 


OF  IOWA  181 


came  editor  of  the  St.  Louis  Daily  Times.  In  1871  he  returned  to  Du- 
buque and  took  editorial  charge  of  the  Daily  Telegraph,  a  position  he  held 
to  the  time  of  his  death.  After  his  release  from  prison  Mr.  Mahoney 
wrote  and  published  a  book  entitled  "  Prisoner  of  State,"  in  which  he 
told  the  story  of  his  arrest  and  experience  in  the  old  Capital  prison.  He 
died  at  Dubuque,  November  5,  1879. 

SMITH  H.  MALLORY  was  born  in  Yates  County,  New  York,  Decem- 
ber 2,  1835.  At  an  early  day  he  secured  a  position  with  the  Galena  & 
Chicago  Union  Railroad  as  engineer.  Later  he  was  chief  engineer  on  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad.  In  1867  he  located  at  Chariton,  in 
Lucas  County,  Iowa,  and  became  actively  interested  in  the  upbuilding  of 
the  town.  He  was  president  of  the  First  National  Bank,  and  had  long 
been  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Democratic  party  of  Iowa.  In  1877  he  was 
elected  Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Seventeenth  General  Assembly. 
He  served  as  a  director  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society  and  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Iowa  Board  of  Managers  of  the  Centennial  Exposition  at 
Chicago  in  1893.  He  was  also  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of 
the  commission  devoting  his  entire  time  for  more  than  a  year  to  the  Ex- 
position management.     He  died  at  his  home  March  26,  1903. 

ORLANDO  H.  MANNING  was  born  at  Abington,  Indiana,  on  the  18th 
of  May,  1847.  His  parents  removed  to  Iowa  when  he  was  but  six  years 
old,  locating  at  Adel  in  Dallas  County  in  1853.  He  graduated  at  Western 
College,  taught  at  Jefferson  in  1865  and  soon  after  began  the  study  of 
law  with  Head  &  Russell.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868  and  took 
up  his  residence  at  Carroll  where  he  was  elected  county  treasurer.  In 
1870  he  took  charge  of  the  Carroll  Herald  as  editor  and  retained  the 
position  until  elected  to  the  Legislature  as  the  Representative  from  the 
district  composed  of  the  counties  of  Carroll,  Calhoun,  Greene  and  Sac  in 
the  fall  of  1875.  He  was  reelected  in  1877,  serving  two  terms,  the  last 
session  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  railroads.  At  the  Republican 
State  Convention  of  1881  Mr.  Manning  was  nominated  for  Lieutenant- 
Governor  and  elected  on  the  ticket  with  Governor  Sherman.  He  was 
reelected  in  1883  and  served  until  October  12,  1885,  when  he  resigned  and 
removed  to  Council  Bluffs  where  he  resumed  the  practice  of  law.  While 
making  a  speech  in  a  Republican  convention  he  used  this  expression: 
"  Iowa,  the  State  that  has  a  achoolhouse  on  every  hill  and  no  saloon  in 
the  valley."  This  remark  caught  the  attention  of  the  people  and  was 
used  as  the  keynote  to  the  campaign.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  remark 
that  this  was  before  the  party  had  abandoned  prohibition.  Mr.  Manning 
removed  from  the  State  many  years  ago. 

JACQUES  MARQUETTE  is  a  name  that  should  ever  be  honored  in 
Iowa  history  and  should  be  as  familiar  to  all  the  people  of  the  State  as 


182  HISTORY 


that   of   any   of   her   eminent   and   honored   citizens.      Although   he   never 
made  his  home  in  Iowa,  it  was  he  who  planned  and  led   the  expedition 
which  first  explored  the  upper  Mississippi  River  and  it  was  he  who  dis- 
covered Iowa  and  explored  its  eastern  shores.    Jacques  Marquette  was  born 
at   Laon,    France,   in    1637.      His   ancestors   were   Celtic   nobles.      He   was 
educated  in  Catholic  schools  of  France  and  when  seventeen  years  of  age 
entered    the   Jesuit    Society   to   prepare    to    become    a    missionary    among 
the  Indians  of  America.     He  sailed  for   Quebec  in   1666   and  acquired   a 
knowledge  of  the  language  of  the  Indian  tribes  of  that  province.     In  1668 
he  founded  the  mission  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie  at  the  Falls  of  St.  Mary.     The 
following   year   he   established    a   second   mission    at    Point   St.    Ignatius, 
where  the  old  town   of  Michillimackinac  was   founded   some  years   later. 
It  was  from  the  Indians  of  this  vicinity  that  he  first  heard  reports  of  a 
great  river  in  the  far  west  which  drained  a  region  of  vast  natural  meadows. 
He   at  once  conceived  the   idea   of   exploring  that  unknown   country   and 
carrying    his    missionary    labors    among   the    Indians    who    inhabited    its 
valley.      He   applied   to   his   superior,    Claude   Dablon,    for    permission   to 
"  seek   the   new   nations   toward   the   soutliern    sea."      The   officers   of   the 
Government   were   anxious    to   have   the   country   explored   and   gave   him 
authority,  with  Louis  Joliet,  to  fit  out  an  expedition  of  discovery  and  fur- 
nished them  five  assistants  and  equipments  for  the  voyage.     The  story 
of   their   journey   and   discoveries   is    told   elsewhere.      Upon    their   return 
from  the  expedition  which  had  been  successful  beyond  the  most  sanguine 
expectations  of  the  French  Government,  Marquette  established  a  mission 
among  the  Illinois  Indians  at  Le  Vantam.     In  1674  he  sailed  to  the  mouth 
of  the  river  where  Chicago  stands,  erected  a  log  house  and  during  the 
winter  preached  to  more  than  2,000  Indians    in    that  region.     Constant 
traveling  among  the  swamps  and  exposure  to  the  miasma  of  that  country 
had  undermined  his  health  and  in  May,   1675,  he  started  with   two  com- 
panions for  the  Mission  of  St.  Ignace.     As  his  devoted  followers  paddled 
the   canoe  through  the  waters   of  Lake  Michigan,   Marquette   became   so 
weak  that  he  was  obliged  to  lie  on  a  rude  bed  in  the  bottom  of  the  boat. 
On  the  19th  of  May  he  beckoned  his  companions  to  land.     He  was  unable 
to  proceed  farther;  a  cabin  was  hastily  erected  and  a  bed  of  pine  boughs 
made  upon  which  he  was  tenderly  placed.     He  began  to  sink  rapidly  and 
realized  that  the  end  of  life  was  near.     In  the  gloom  and  solitude  of  the 
great   M-ilderness,    remote   from    civilization    and    medical    aid,    he    calmly 
awaited  the  summons.    His  comrades  cared  for  him  with  the  greatest  de- 
votion, doing  all  in  human  power  for  his  relief.     But  his  life  work  was 
ended  and  in  the  wilds  of  the  west  where  he  had  accomplished  so  much, 
the  great  spirit  of  the  heroic  young  missionary  and  explorer  took  its  de- 
parture.    Thus  perished  the  discoverer  of  Iowa  at  the  early  age  of  thirty- 
eight.     Beneath  the  dark  shadows  of  the  pines  on  the  lonely  shore  of  Lake 
Michigan  his  companions  inclosed  his  body  in  a  rude  coffin  of  birch  bark 


OF  IOWA  183 


and  buried  him  beneath  the  sand,  carefully  marking  the  grave.  Two 
years  later  some  of  his  Indian  friends  sought  his  grave,  disinterred  his 
body  and  tenderly  conveyed  it  to  St.  Ignace  Mission  where  it  was  buried 
beneath  the  church  which  he  had  founded.  More  than  two  hundred  years 
passed  away  and  the  name  of  the  discoverer  of  Iowa  had  become  historic 
and  honored  wherever  his  achievements  were  known.  In  1877  the  old 
grave  was  found  and  a  monument  erected  to  his  memory  on  the  site  of  the 
old  church  of  St.  Ignace,  by  descendants  of  his  French  and  Indian  com- 
panions. History  will  hand  down  to  the  latest  generations  the  brief  record 
preserved  of  one  of  the  noblest  of  America's  pioneers.  Breese  in  the  "  Early 
History  of  Illinois,"  says: 

"  For  years  did  this  devoted  man,  silent  and  unobserved  in  the  gloomy 
forest  amid  untamed  savages,  forsaking  home  and  kindred,  fired  by  a  lofty 
zeal — exert  his  energies  to  exalt  the  condition  of  abject  and  degraded 
humanity.  In  the  accomplishment  of  his  mission,  a  domain  more  than 
imperial,  destined  to  nourish  multitudes  as  countless  as  those  of  the  plains 
of  India,  was  opened  to  the  world.'' 

Michigan  has  given  the  name  of  Marquette  to  a  river,  a  county,  and 
a  city,  while  Iowa  has  done  nothing  to  connect  his  memory  with  the  State 
whose  eastern  shores  he  first  explored. 

WILLIAM  B.  MARTIN  was  born  March  17,  1846,  at  Rochester,  Ver- 
mont. He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  educated  in  the  public  schools  and 
the  Orange  County  Grammar  School.  At  eighteen  he  began  teaching,  which 
he  continued  for  three  years.  In  1867  he  went  west  locating  on  a  farm 
in  Henry  County,  Illinois,  where  he  taught  school  winters.  In  1869  he 
removed  to  Adair  County,  Iowa,  where  on  the  wild  prairie  he  improved 
a  farm.  He  was  elected  auditor  of  the  county  in  1873  and  after  serving 
four  years  entered  into  the  real  estate  business  in  Greenfield,  and  in  1890 
was  mayor  of  the  town.  In  1893  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket 
Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Twenty-fifth  General  Assembly  and  as 
a  member  of  the  committee  on  the  suppression  of  intemperance  he  devised 
the  Mulct  Law,  which  so  changed  the  prohibition  acts  as  to  permit  the 
legal  voters  in  towns  and  cities  to  determine  whether  saloons  should  be 
established  within  their  jurisdiction.  Mr.  Martin  was  reelected  to  the 
Twenty-sixth  General  Assembly  where,  as  chairman  of  the  building  and 
loan  committee  he  framed  and  secured  the  passage  of  an  act  regulating 
the  business  of  such  organizations.  In  1899  Mr.  Martin  was  nominated 
by  the  Republican  State  Convention  for  Secretary  of  State  and  elected  by 
the  largest  majority  ever  given  in  Iowa  to  a  candidate  for  a  State  office. 
He  was  elected  for  a  second  term  in  1902. 

CHARLES  MASON  was  born  in  Onondaga  County,  New  York,  October 
24,  1804.     He  was  appointed  a  cadet  in  the  West  Point  Military  Academy 


184  HISTORY 


where  he  graduated  at  the  head  of  his  class  in  1829.  Among  his  class- 
mates were  Jefferson  Davis,  Robert  E.  Lee  and  Leonidas  Polk,  afterwards 
leaders  in  the  great  Rebellion.  Mr.  Mason  remained  at  West  Point  two 
years  as  an  instructor  in  the  Academy,  then  resigned  and  studied  law  in 
New  York  City  where  he  began  to  practice  his  profession.  He  was  for  a 
time  employed  on  the  editorial  staff  of  the  New  York  Evening  Post.  In 
1837  he  located  at  Burlington,  then  in  Wisconsin  Territory,  where  he  had 
been  appointed  United  States  District  Attorney.  Upon  the  creation  of 
Iowa  Territory  the  following  year,  Mr.  Mason  was  appointed  by  the  Presi- 
dent Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court,  a  position  which  he  held  until 
Iowa  became  a  State.  The  most  impoitant  decision  made  during  his  term 
was  one  sustaining  the  right  to  freedom  of  a  slave  who  had  been  brought 
by  his  master  to  the  free  Territory  of  Iowa.  When  the  controversy  arose 
between  Iowa  and  Missouri  over  the  boundary  and  was  carried  into  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States,  Judge  Mason  was  appointed  by  Gov- 
ernor Hempstead  to  represent  Iowa  in  the  suit,  where  a  decree  was  obtained 
in  favor  of  Iowa.  He  was  one  of  the  commissioners  to  revise  the  laws  of 
the  State  in  1848  and  the  result  of  the  work  was  the  Code  of  1851.  In 
1853  Jvidge  Mason  was  appointed  by  President  Pierce  Commissioner  of 
Patents,  and  removed  to  Washington.  In  August,  1857,  he  resigned  and 
returned  to  Iowa  and  in  1858  was  elected  a  member  of  the  first  State 
Board  of  Education.  In  1861  he  was  nominated  for  Governor  by  the  Demo- 
cratic State  Convention  but  declined.  In  1867  he  was  again  nominated 
for  Governor  by  the  Democrats  and  was  defeated  in  the  election  by  Samuel 
Merrill  the  Republican  candidate.  In  1868  and  again  in  1872  he  was  a 
delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Conventions  and  in  1873  he  made  a 
voyage  to  Europe.  He  died  on  his  farm  near  Burlington,  February  25, 
1882,  at  the  age  of  seventy-eight.  Judge  Wright  said  of  him:  "As  a  man 
he  was  as  much  respected  and  esteemed  as  any  of  the  early  jurists  and 
public  men  of  our  Territory  and  State." 

EDWARD  R.  MASON  was  born  December  8,  1846,  at  Franklinville, 
Cattaraugus  County,  New  York,  and  at  eleven  years  of  age  came  with  his 
parents  to  Bentonsport,  Iowa.  His  boyhood  years  were  spent  in  Van  Buren 
County.  He  took  a  course  of  medicine  at  the  Keokuk  Medical  College  and 
practiced  a  short  time.  In  1864  he  enlisted  in  Company  K,  in  the  Forty- 
fifth  Regiment  of  "  hundred  days  men,"  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war 
as  corporal.  In  politics  Mr.  Mason  is  a  Republican  and  in  1869  he  was 
appointed  deputy  clerk  of  the  United  States  District  and  Circuit  Courts. 
Five  years  later  he  was  promoted  to  clerk  of  these  courts,  serving  until 
1900,  when  he  resigned  as  clerk  of  the  District  Court  retaining  the  clerk- 
ship of  the  Circuit  Court.  He  has  long  held  the  positions  of  Master  of 
Chancery  and  Commissioner  in  the  Circuit  Court.  His  home  has  been  in 
Des  Moines  since  1869. 


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OF  IOWA  185 


WILLIAM  E.  MASON,  lawyer  and  lawmaker,  lived  in  Iowa  from  the 
age  of  eight  years  until  1873.  He  was  born  in  Cattaraugus  County,  New 
York,  July  7,  1850.  His  parents  removed  to  Iowa  in  1858,  settling  at 
Bentonsport  in  Van  Buren  County  where  his  father  died  in  1865.  William 
was  thus  at  the  age  of  fifteen  left  to  make  his  own  way  in  the  world.  He 
received  sufficient  education  to  enable  him  to  teach  school  and,  coming  to 
Des  Moines  in  1868,  he  followed  teaching  for  two  years.  He  then  began  the 
study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Thomas  F.  Withrow.  When  Mr.  Withrow 
was  called  to  Chicago  as  solicitor  for  the  Rock  Island  Railroad  Company, 
young  Mason  accompanied  him  to  that  city  and  there  completed  his  law 
studies.  He  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  and  before  he 
was  thirty  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  Legislature.  Here  began  his  suc- 
cessful public  career  which  has  given  him  a  national  reputation.  In  1882  he 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  where  he  became  one  of  the  leading  mem- 
bers. He  was  an  eloquent  public  speaker  and  a  popular  member.  In 
1888  he  was  elected  to  Congress  from  the  Third  Chicago  District  and  in 
that  body  won  distinction.  His  sympathies  were  always  with  the  common 
people  and  on  all  subjects  of  legislation  affecting  their  welfare  he  was  one 
of  their  most  reliable  friends.  In  1897  he  was  elected  United  States  Sena- 
tor and  soon  attained  high  rank  in  that  body. 

SYLVESTER  G.  MATSON  was  born  in  Middlesex,  Vermont,  March 
5,  1808.  His  boyhood  was  spent  on  a  New  England  farm  where  he 
secured  a  liberal  education  and  became  a  teacher.  He  graduated  in  the 
Medical  Department  of  the  State  University  and  became  a  practicing  physi- 
cian. In  1845  he  removed  to  Iowa  Territory,  locating  near  Anamosa.  In 
1846  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  Con- 
stitution under  which  Iowa  became  a  State.  He  was  the  same  year 
chosen  a  member  of  the  House  of  the  First  General  Assembly  and  helped 
to  frame  the  first  laws  for  the  government  of  the  new  State.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  committee  on  schools  and  reported  the  bill  which  provided 
for  a  State  University.  Mr.  Matson  was  influential  in  framing  the  first 
school  laws  and  was  chosen  a  trustee  of  the  State  University.  As  a  legis- 
lator he  left  the  impress  of  his  early  work  upon  the  permanent  laws  of 
the  State.  He  was  a  Democrat  up  to  the  time  of  the  organization  of  the 
Republican  party  when  he  united  with  it  in  opposition  to  slavery.  He 
died  on  the  5th  of  February,  1898. 

CHARLES  L.  MATTHIES  was  born  in  Bromberg,  Prussia,  on  the 
31st  of  May,  1824.  When  .sixteen  years  of  age  he  was  sent  to  the  University 
of  Halle  where  he  received  a  thorough  military  education.  At  the  age 
of  twenty  he  entered  the  Prussian  army  and  in  1847  served  against  the 
Poles  in  a  revolution.  In  1849  he  emigrated  to  America  and  coming  to 
Iowa   located    at    Burlington    where   he    became    a    merchant.      When    the 


186  HISTORY 


Rebellion  began  he  was  the  first  man  in  Iowa  and  the  United  States,  to 
tender  a  military  company  to  the  National  Government.  He  was  captain 
of  Company  D,  of  the  First  Iowa  Volunteers.  In  July,  1861,  he  was  pro- 
moted to  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Fifth  Infantry  and  upon  the  death  of 
Colonel  Worthington  was  promoted  to  the  command  of  that  regiment.  At 
the  Battle  of  luka  his  regiment  was  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight  and  lost 
two  hundred  seventeen  men.  In  April,  1863,  Colonel  Matthies  was  pro- 
moted to  Brigadier-General  for  his  gallant  services  in  several  battles. 

SARA  B.  MAXWELL  was  born  in  Columbiana  County,  Ohio,  Febru- 
ary 12,  1837.  She  acquired  her  education  by  private  instruction,  in  the 
public  schools  and  in  the  academies  of  Bryan  and  West  Unity,  Ohio.  After 
leaving  school,  for  five  years,  from  1853  to  1858,  she  was  engaged  in  teach- 
ing. In  the  latter  year  she  was  married  to  William  Maxwell,  and  in  1863 
they  removed  to  Panora,  Iowa.  After  the  death  of  Mr.  Maxwell  in  1877, 
Mrs.  Maxwell  was  appointed  by  Governor  Gear  in  1878,  State  Librarian, 
serving  until  1888.  During  this  time  the  Library  was  catalogued  for  the 
first  time.  She  inaugurated  the  collection  and  preservation  of  Iowa  news- 
paper files,  and  a  systematic  effort  was  begun  for  the  collection  in  the 
library  of  all  books  and  pamphlets  by  Iowa  authors,  or  relating  to  the 
State.  After  her  retirement  from  the  library  Mrs.  Maxwell  was  a  cata- 
loguer and  organizer  of  libraries  and  delivered  lectures  on  library  work. 
She  was  the  author  of  the  first  History  of  Guthrie  County.  In  1892  she 
was  employed  by  the  Iowa  Commissioners  to  make  a  collection  of  books 
and  pamphlets  by  Iowa  authors  for  exhibition  at  the  World's  Fair  at 
Chicago,  and  of  this  exhibition  she  was  in  charge.  In  1897  Mrs.  Maxwell 
was  elected  librarian  of  the  Meadville,  Pennsylvania,  Unitarian  Theologi- 
cal School,  a  position  she  has  continued  to  fill  up  to  the  present  time. 

PETER  MELENDY  was  born  on  the  9th  of  February,  1823,  and  at- 
tended private  schools  in  his  boyhood,  later  taking  a  three  years'  course 
in  Woodward  College,  Ohio,  where  his  father  then  lived.  He  purchased  a 
farm  near  Cincinnati  and  in  1855  helped  to  organize  the  "  Iowa  Fine 
Stock  Company."  This  company  selected  a  tract  of  10.000  acres  of  Govern- 
ment land  in  Butler  County,  Iowa,  near  Bear  Grove  where  a  farm  was 
opened  for  the  breeding  of  fine  stock.  Mr.  Melendy  also  bought  a  farm 
near  Cedar  Falls  consisting  of  1,080  acres  which  he  stocked  with  fine  cattle. 
In  1860  Mr.  Melendy  with  others  established  a  large  grain  and  implement 
warehouse  at  Cedar  Falls.  In  1862  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Kirk- 
wood  to  select  the  240,000  acres  of  public  lands  granted  by  Congress  for 
the  support  of  the  State  Agricultural  College.  There  were  nearly  6,000,000 
of  acres  of  Government  lands  in  Iowa  at  that  time  to  choose  from  and  ]Mr. 
Melendy  made  excellent  selections  which  eventually  produced  a  munificent 
endowment  fund  for  the  new  college.   In  1864  he  was  chosen  superintendent 


MRS.  SARA  B.  MAXWELL 


OF   IOWA  ■      187 


of  the  college  farm  and  secretary  of  the  board  of  trustees.  In  1865  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Lincoln,  United  States  Marshal  for  Iowa.  In  1871 
he  was  reappointed  for  four  years  by  President  Grant.  He  was  instru- 
mental in  1865  in  securing  the  location  of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home  at 
Cedar  Falls  and  was  one  of  ten  citizens  to  purchase  forty  acres  of  land  on 
which  the  home  was  located.  In  1864  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  National 
Republican  Convention  which  renominated  President  Lincoln  and  was  one 
of  the  committee  sent  to  Washington  to  notify  the  President  of  his  nom- 
ination. Mr.  Melendy  was  for  five  years  president  of  the  State  Agricul- 
tural Society  and  also  served  as  vice-president,  marshal  and  treasurer. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Central  Committee  in  the  Grant 
campaign  of  1868  and  was  a  delegate  to  the  Chicago  National  Republican 
Convention  which  nominated  Grant  and  Colfax.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  State  Agricultural  College  for  fourteen  years  and 
one  of  the  most  influential  promoters  of  that  institution.  In  1866  he  was 
a  member  of  the  committee  to  visit  and  examine  into  the  working  and 
plans  of  the  various  Agricultural  Colleges  of  the  country,  report  a  plan 
for  organization,  and  select  suitable  persons  for  president  and  members  of 
the  faculty.  In  1879  Mr.  Melendy  was  appointed  agent  for  the  Quarter- 
master's Department  of  the  United  States  to  adjust  claims  arising  out  of 
the  war  and  served  in  Tennessee  until  1886.  After  his  return  to  Cedar 
Falls  his  old  neighbors  insisted  on  making  him  mayor  of  the  city  which 
had  been  his  home  for  nearly  half  a  century.  He  died  on  the  18th  of 
October,  1901. 

NATHANIEL  A.  MERRILL  was  born  in  Copenhagen,  Lewis  County, 
New  York,  in  1829.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  attending  the  common 
schools  winters  and  assisting  in  the  work  of  the  farm  during  summers. 
He  taught  several  terms  and  then  studied  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1855  and  the  following  spring  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  De 
Witt,  then  the  county-seat  of  Clinton.  He  soon  acquired  a  good  practice 
but  when  the  Civil  War  began  he  raised  a  company  and  entered  the  ser- 
vice as  captain  of  Company  D,  Twenty-sixth  Regiment  of  Infantry.  He 
was  severely  wounded  at  the  Battle  of  Arkansas  Post.  Mr.  Merrill  was 
mayor  of  De  Witt  two  years,  was  a  Democratic  member  of  the  House  of 
the  Fourteenth,  Twentieth  and  Twenty-sixth  General  Assemblies  and  a 
member  of  the  Senate  of  the  Fifteenth,  Sixteenth,  Seventeenth  and  Eigh- 
teenth General  Assemblies.  He  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  revision  of 
the  Code  of  1873.  Mr.  Merrill  was  a  commissioner  of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans' 
Home  and  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  De  Witt  for  several 
years.    He  died  at  his  home  in  De  Witt  on  the  31st  of  December,  1896. 

SAMUEL  MERRILL,  seventh  Grovernor  of  the  State,  was  bom  in 
Oxford  County  in  the  State  of  Maine  on  the  7th  of  August,   1822.     He 


188  HISTORY 


received  a  liberal  education  and  when  a  young  man  taught  school  several 
terms  in  the  south  and  in  his  native  State.  He  removed  to  New  Hamp- 
shire where  he  was  elected  to  the  Legislature  in  1854,  serving  two  ses- 
sions. In  1856  he  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  McGregor,  where  he  opened 
a  general  store.  In  1859  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the 
House  of  the  Eighth  General  Assembly.  When  the  war  began  in  1861, 
Mr.  Merrill  took  the  contract  to  furnish  three  Iowa  regiments  with  cloth- 
ing before  the  Government  could  supply  them  with  uniforms.  In  1862  he 
Avas  commissioned  colonel  of  the  Twenty-first  Iowa  Infantry.  He  was 
severely  wounded  at  the  Battle  of  Black  River  Bridge  and  was  so  dis- 
abled that  he  resigned  his  commission.  In  1867  he  was  nominated  by 
the  Republican  State  Convention  for  Governor  and  elected,  serving  two 
terms.  He  removed  to  Des  Moines  and,  after  the  close  of  his  second  term, 
eno-aged  in  the  banking  business.  With  others  he  established  the  Citizens' 
National  Bank.  He  was  active  in  bringing  about  the  great  reunion  of 
Iowa  soldiers  at  Des  Moines  in  the  summer  of  1870.  Governor  Merrill 
was  for  many  years  an  influential  trustee  of  Iowa  College  at  Grinnell. 
He  acquired  great  wealth  in  banking  and  railroad  building  and  finally 
removed  to  California.  The  last  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  Pasadena, 
where  he  died  on  the  31st  of  August,  1899.  His  funeral  was  held  at  Dea 
Moines  and  was  attended  by  many  of  the  public  officials  and  prominent  men 
of  the  State. 

V/ILLIAM  H.  MERRITT  was  born  in  New  York  City,  September  12, 
1820.  He  received  his  education  at  Lima  Seminary.  In  1838  he  went 
to  Rock  Island  where  he  obtained  a  clerkship.  He  was  sent  to  Ivanho 
in  Linn  County  in  1839  to  take  charge  of  an  Indian  trading  house.  In 
1841  he  was  a  clerk  in  the  Council  of  the  Legislative  Assembly  at  Bur- 
lington. In  1847  he  removed  to  Dubuque  and  for  two  years  was  editor 
of  the  Miners'  Express.  He  made  the  overland  journey  to  California  and 
returning  in  1851  again  became  editor  of  the  Miners'  Express,  having  pur- 
chased an  interest  in  the  establishment.  In  1855  he  was  appointed  Regis- 
ter of  the  United  States  Land  Office  at  Fort  Dodge  and  after  selling 
about  2,000,000  acres  of  public  land,  he  engaged  in  banking  at  Cedar 
Rapids.  When  the  Civil  War  began  he  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  First  Regiment  of  Iowa  Volunteers  and  participated  in  the  Battle 
of  Wilson's  Creek,  having  served  three  months  when  the  regiment  wa3 
mustered  out.  In  July,  1861,  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democratic  State 
Convention  for  Governor  but  was  defeated  by  Samuel  J.  Kirkwood.  In 
1863  he  removed  to  Des  Moines  and  took  editorial  charge  of  The  States- 
man, a  leading  Democratic  newspaper.  In  1866  he  was  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Johnson  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  but  his  nomination  was  re- 
jected by  the  Senate.     Colonel  Merritt  died  on  the  23d  of  July,  1891. 


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OF   IOWA  189 


JOHN  F.  MERRY  was  born  in  Summit  County,  Ohio,  March  24. 
1844.  He  came  to  Iowa  with  his  parents  in  an  emigrant  wagon  in  1856, 
his  father  locating  on  a  farm  in  Delaware  County.  The  son  secured  an 
education  in  the  public  schools  and  became  a  teacher.  In  1880  he  entered 
the  service  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railway  Company  as  excursion  agent, 
making  himself  so  useful  that  he  was  soon  promoted  to  general  western 
passenger  agent,  and  finally  to  assistant  general  passenger  agent  of  the 
entire  system.  Captain  Merry  served  in  the  Civil  War,  as  a  private 
first  in  the  Twenty-first  Infantry.  He  afterwards  recruited  and  was 
elected  a  lieutenant  in  Company  F,  of  the  Forty-sixth  Regiment.  He  was 
on  the  staff  of  Greneral  Fairchild  in  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  and 
was  the  originator  of  the  law  converting  the  battle-field  of  Vicksburg  into 
a  National  Park.  Captain  Merry  was  a  member  of  the  Iowa  Trans-Mis- 
sissippi and  International  Exposition  Commission.  He  has  given  special 
attention  to  the  agricultural  and  commercial  development  of  the  country 
traversed  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  system  and  has  published  sev- 
eral works  of  interest  among  which  are  "  Where  to  Locate  New  Factories," 
"  The  Southern  Homeseekers'  Guide."  and  the  "  Industrial  Outlook  for  New 
Orleans."  Captain  Merry  has  held  the  following  important  positions: 
assistant  general  passenger  agent  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railway  Com- 
pany, secretary  and  assistant  treasurer  of  the  Dunlieth  &  Dubuque  Bridge 
Companj',  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Iowa  Land  &  Loan  Company,  sec- 
retary and  assistant  treasurer  of  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  Com- 
pany, and  secretary  and  assistant  treasurer  of  the  Fort  Dodge  &  Omaha 
Railroad  Company.  He  is  a  prominent  Republican,  serving  as  delegate 
to  the  Republican  National  Convention  at  St.  Louis  in  1896. 

STILLMAN  T.  MESERVEY  was  born  at  De  Witt,  Illinois,  Decem- 
ber 17,  1848,  and  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  and  at  Clinton  Liberal 
Institute,  New  York.  His  father  removed  to  Homer,  then  in  Webster 
County,  in  1854,  and  after  the  removal  of  the  county-seat  from  that  place 
made  his  home  in  Fort  Dodge,  where  Stillman  grew  up  to  manhood.  He 
was  an  active  Republican  and  in  1885  was  elected  Representative  in  the 
House  of  the  Twenty-first  General  Assembly  and  in  1902  he  was  again  a 
member  of  the  Twenty-ninth  Assembly.  He  was  one  of  the  three  Fort 
Dodge  men  who  were  the  pioneers  in  developing  the  great  gypsum  deposits 
in  that  vicinity  and  became  one  of  the  directors  of  the  Iowa  Plaster  As- 
sociation. He  has  long  been  president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Fort 
Dodge  and  of  the  Fort  Dodge  Power  &  Light  Company,  having  also  other 
large  financial  interests. 

GEORGE  METZGAR  was  born  in  Germany.  April  19,  1845.  His 
father,  who  was  engaged  in  the  Revolution  of  1848-9  became  an  exile, 
coming  with  his  family  to  the  United  States  in  1850.  The  son  received 
his   education    in   the   common   schools   and   in    1862    enlisted   in   the   One 


190  HISTORY 


Hundred  Twenty-fifth  New  York  Volunteers.  He  served  in  General 
Hancock's  Second  Corps  and  participated  in  most  of  the  battles  fought 
by  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  receiving  a  severe  wound  at  Gettysburg.  He 
came  to  Iowa  in  1869,  making  his  home  in  Davenport.  He  became  an 
active  and  influential  Republican  and  has  held  the  highest  positions  in 
the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic.  In  1894  Mr.  Metzgar  was  appointed  by 
the  Governor  custodian  of  public  buildings  of  the  State,  serving  four 
years.  In  1898  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Davenport  by  President 
McKinley. 

JOHN  MEYER  was  born  in  Clinton  County,  Pennsylvania,  February 
26.  1824.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Oberlin  College  and  for  two  years  was 
an  instructor  in  the  institution.  In  April,  1857,  he  located  at  Newton,  Iowa, 
which  became  his  permanent  home.  In  August,  1862,  he  was  commis- 
sioned captain  in  Company  K,  Twenty-eighth  Iowa  Volunteers,  serving 
three  years  in  the  Union  Army,  attaining  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel. 
He  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Champion's  Hill,  siege  of  Vicksburg, 
Winchester,  Fisher's  Hill  and  Cedar  Creek.  Mr.  Meyer  had  served  in  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  the  Ninth  General  Assembly,  both  in  the  reg- 
ular and  extra  sessions,  and  after  the  close  of  the  war  in  the  fall  of  1865 
was  elected  to  the  Senate,  serving  in  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  General 
Assemblies.  In  1877  he  was  again  elected  to  the  Senate,  serving  through 
the  Seventeenth  and  Eighteenth  General  Assemblies.  For  many  years  he 
was  a  trustee  of  Iowa  College  at  Grinnell.  He  died  on  the  14th  of  May, 
1902. 

J.  FRED  JIEYERS  was  born  in  Oettingen,  Bavaria,  Germany,  in  1833. 
His  parents  came  to  America  when  he  was  fourteen  years  of  age  and 
located  at  Adrian,  Michigan,  where  he  learned  the  printing  business.  He 
was  a  radical  abolitionist  in  the  days  of  slavery  and  became  the  editor 
of  The  Independent,  published  at  Columbus,  Indiana.  In  1857  he  was  as- 
sociated with  S.  M.  Booth  in  the  publication  of  The  Free  Democrat  at 
]\Iilwaukee,  Wisconsin.  In  1861  he  was  appointed  Chief  of  the  Printing 
Division  of  the  Treasury  Department  at  Washington  under  Secretary 
S.  P.  Chase,  serving  until  1874.  He  was  for  several  years  editor  and 
publisher  of  The  Civil  Service  Journal  at  Washington  and  was  chief  editor 
of  The  Republic,  a  political  magazine  under  the  direction  of  the  National 
Republican  committee.  He  was  twice  sent  by  the  Treasury  Department 
to  Germany  to  investigate  emigration.  During  his  life  in  Washington  he 
graduated  from  the  Columbian  University  Law  School.  In  1874  he  re- 
moved to  Iowa,  locating  in  Crawford  County,  where  he  purchased  and 
published  the  Denison  Review.  He  was  postmaster  from  1877  to  1886. 
In  1889  he  was  appointed  by  President  Harrison,  chief  clerk  in  the  office 
of  the  Sixth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury  Department.  In  1891  the  Bureau 
of  Labor  sent  him  to  Germany  to  report  on  the  Industrial  School  system 


THE 
NEW  YORK 
PUBLIC  LIBRARY' 

Astor,  Lenox  and  Tildeny 
Foundations. 


SAMUEL    F.    MILLER 


OF   IOWA  191 


of  that  country.     Mr.  Meyers  was  a  strong  writer  in  the  field  of  Iowa 
journalism.     He  died  at  Denison,   Iowa,   May   1,   1898. 

LEWIS  MILES  was  born  in  Marion  County,  Ohio,  June  30,  1845, 
and  came  with  his  parents  to  Wayne  County,  Iowa,  in  1853.  He  worked 
on  a  farm  until  nineteen  years  of  age  when  he  began  to  study  law.  He  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868  and  began  to  practice  in  Corydon  in  1872.  In 
October,  1869,  when  but  twenty-four  years  of  age  he  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  House  in  the  Thirteenth  General  Assembly.  In  1879  he  was 
the  Republican  candidate  for  State  Senator,  and  although  running  ahead 
of  his  ticket  he  was  defeated.  In  1880  he  was  one  of  the  presidential 
electors,  and  in  1883  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  in  the 
Twentieth  and  Twenty-first  General  Assemblies.  He  was  appointed  by 
President  Harrison  United  States  District  Attorney  for  the  Southern 
District  of  Iowa,  serving  four  years.  When  the  Republican  party  again 
came  into  power,  he  was  appointed  by  McKinley  to  his  old  place. 

DANIEL  F.  MILLER  was  born  in  Allegheny  County,  Maryland,  Octo- 
ber 14,  1814.  He  studied  law  in  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  prac- 
ticed until  1839  when  he  removed  to  Iowa  Territory,  locating  at  Fort 
Madison.  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Third  Legislative  Assembly  in 
1840.  In  1848  he  was  the  Whig  candidate  for  Representative  in  Congress 
in  the  First  District.  His  Democratic  opponent  was  Colonel  William 
Thompson,  who  was  declared  by  the  canvassers  elected.  The  decision  was 
contested  in  the  House  by  Miller  and  the  seat  was  declared  vacant.  At  a 
special  election  to  fill  the  vacancy  Miller  was  elected  and  served  the 
remainder  of  the  term.  Mr.  Miller  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Re- 
publican party  and  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  ticket  for  presidential 
elector.  For  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  State  its  vote  was  cast 
against  the  Democratic  candidate  for  President.  In  1860  Mr.  Miller  was 
an  independent  candidate  for  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  but  was  de- 
feated by  Judge  Wright  the  Republican  candidate.  In  1893  Daniel  F. 
Miller  was  again  elected  to  the  General  Assembly,  fifty-three  years  after 
his  first  term  of  service  in  that  body.  He  had  practiced  law  for  fifty-four 
years  in  Iowa  and  was  known  as  the  "  Nestor  "  of  the  Iowa  bar.  He  died 
at  Omaha,  Nebraska,  December  9,  1895,  at  the  age  of  eighty-one.  Coming 
to  Iowa  the  year  after  it  was  made  a  Territory  he  was  for  fifty-five  years 
closely  identified  with  its  political  and  industrial  afi"airs  and  one  of  its 
most  widely  known  lawmakers  and  pioneers. 

SAMUEL  F.  MILLER  was  born  at  Richmond,  Kentucky,  on  the  5th 
of  April,  1816.  He  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  village 
academy  and  when  eighteen  years  of  age  began  the  study  of  medicine. 
He  attended  medical  lectures  at  Transylvania  University,  received  a 
diploma   and  began   practice  at   Barbersville  in   1838.   where  he   remained 


192  HISTORY 


eight  years.  In  1845  he  read  law  with  Judge  Ballinger,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar,  and  decided  to  change  his  profession  to  the  practice  of  law. 
From  a  boy  he  was  a  fearless  advocate  of  emancipation  of  the  slaves, 
but  realizing  that  it  could  not  be  accomplished  he  determined  to  make  hid 
home  in  a  free  State.  He  therefore  removed  to  Iowa  in  May,  1850,  locat- 
ing at  Keokuk,  where  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law.  He  had  been 
a  Whig  in  politics  but  when  the  Republican  party  was  organized  united 
with  it.  Mr.  Miller  was  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Rankin  &  Miller 
and  in  a  few  years  became  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  in  the  State.  When 
the  United  States  Supreme  Court  was  reorganized  in  1861  such  was  his 
fame  that  the  Congressmen  and  bar  of  Iowa,  Kansas,  Minnesota  and  Wis- 
consin united  in  recommending  Samuel  F.  Miller  for  one  of  the  new 
Justices.  President  Lincoln,  who  was  personally  acquainted  with  the  Iowa 
jurist,  and  recognized  his  high  qualifications  for  the  place,  in  July,  1862, 
sent  his  nomination  to  the  Senate  where  it  was  immediately  confirmed. 
During  his  long  term  of  service  on  the  highest  judicial  tribunal  of  the 
Nation,  it  became  his  duty  to  join  in  the  adjudication  of  some  of  the 
most  important  and  far-reaching  problems  that  have  ever  arisen  under 
our  Government.  The  vital  issues  involved  in  the  Civil  War,  the  amend- 
ments to  the  Constitution  and  the  whole  plan  of  reconstruction  came  be- 
fore that  court  for  final  settlement.  During  the  period  so  fraught  with 
peril  to  the  Republic  the  opinions  of  Judge  Miller  show  the  mental  caliber 
of  the  great  jurist  who  is  regarded  as  the  peer  of  Marshall  and  Story. 
A  high  authority  has  said: 

"  Some  other  judges  had  greater  learning  but  none  possessed  more 
legal  wisdom.  After  delivering  judgments  whose  influence  will  outlive  the 
granite  walls  of  the  court  room  and  after  deciding  cases  that  involved 
millions  of  money,  he  died  poor  in  gold,  but  rich  in  fame.  Morally  his 
great  characteristic  was  simplicity;  mentally  it  was  logically  a  rugged 
vigor  of  reasoning." 

In  religion  he  was  a  Unitarian  and  for  many  years  was  president  of  the 
American  Unitarian  Association.  He  died  at  Washington  on  the  13th  of 
October,  1890,  after  serving  twenty-eight  years  in  the  Supreme  Court. 
Funeral  services  were  held  in  the  Supreme  Court  room  in  the  presence  of 
the  highest  oflBcials  of  the  Government.  Iowa  has  never  given  a  greater 
man  to  the  public  service. 

WILLIAM  E.  MILLER  was  born  near  Mt.  Pleasant,  Pennsylvania, 
October  18,  1823.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  attending  the  district  school 
winters.  In  1846  he  began  to  study  law  and  in  1852  removed  to  Iowa, 
taking  up  his  residence  at  Iowa  City  where  he  engaged  in  newspaper 
business.  In  1853  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  began  practice. 
In  1854  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney.  In  1857  he  was  the  Re- 
publican   candidate    for    Representative    in    the    Legislature   but   was    de- 


OF   IOWA  193 


feated.  The  following  year  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  Eighth  District  for 
four  years.  In  1862  he  resigned  to  accept  a  commission  as  colonel  of  the 
Twenty-eighth  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry.  After  a  year's  service  his  health 
failec  and  he  resigned,  returning  to  the  practice  of  law.  In  1864  he  be- 
gan to  prepare  a  Treatise  on  Pleadings  which  was  published  in  1868.  In 
the  same  year  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court.  In  1870  he  was 
appointed  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  to  fill  a  vacancy.  At  the  follow- 
ing election  lie  was  chosen  for  a  full  term  of  six  years  and  in  1874  be- 
came Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court.  In  1871  he  succeeded  Judge 
AYright  as  Professor  of  Constitutional  and  Criminal  Law  in  the  State 
University.  In  1873  he  compiled  a  Revision  of  the  Laws  of  Iowa  and  also 
a  work  on  Highways.  He  was  engaged  on  another  legal  work  at  the 
time  of  his  death  which  occurred  November  7,  1896. 

JAMES  C.  MILLIMAN  was  born  in  Saratoga  County,  New  York, 
January  28,  1847,  and  was  educated  in  tlie  State  University,  earning  his 
way  from  the  time  he  was  ten  years  old.  In  1856  he  came  to  Iowa,  locat- 
ing at  Missouri  Valley.  He  served  eight  years  as  recorder  of  Harrison 
County  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Harrison  County  Bank  in  1876. 
For  many  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  abstract,  loan  and  real  estate 
business.  He  served  in  the  Union  Army  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion 
until  disabled  in  battle  by  severe  wounds  in  1864.  In  1893-4  he  was  the 
Senior  Vice-Commander  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  for  the  De- 
partment of  Iowa.  In  1894  he  was  a  Representative  in  the  Twenty-fifth 
General  Assembly.  In  1897  he  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  on  the 
Republican  ticket  wuth  L.  M.  Shaw  and  in  1899  was  reelected,  serving  four 
years.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Commission  of  Iowa  for  the  Louisiana 
Purchase  Exposition. 

FREDERICK  D.  MILLS,  who  rendered  a  great  service  to  Iowa  when 
a  young  man,  has  left  no  record  of  his  youth  and  place  of  nativity.  We 
only  learn  that  he  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1840  and  came  to  Iowa 
in  1841.  locating  at  Burlington  where  he  became  the  law  partner  of  J. 
C.  Hall.  He  was  a  brilliant  public  speaker  and  in  1845  rendered  a  volun- 
tary service  to  Iowa  which  has  immortalized  his  name.  Although  a 
Democrat,  he  opposed  the  efforts  of  his  party  to  secure  the  adoption  of  the 
Constitution  of  1844,  under  which  the  entire  Missouri  slope  would  have 
been  cut  off  from  the  State  as  defined  in  the  enabling  act  of  Congress. 
L'niting  his  efforts  with  Theodore  S.  Parvin  and  Enoch  W.  Eastman,  he 
canvassed  the  Territory,  urging  the  electors  to  vote  against  the  adoption 
of  the  Constitution  which  would  do  away  with  the  symmetrical  propor- 
tions of  the  State.  Tlie  Whigs  were  opposed  to  the  Constitution  for 
various  other  reasons,  while  the  Democrats  were  urging  its  adoption  as  a 
party  measure.  The  three  young  lawyers,  all  Democrats,  who  opposed 
its   adoption   solely    on   the   ground   of   obnoxious   boundary    on   the   west 

[Vol.  4] 


194  HISTORY 


were  able  to  defeat  it  and  thus  preserve  for  all  time  the  fair  proportions 
of  the  State  when  it  was  finally  admitted.  At  the  beginning  of  the  War 
with  Mexico  in  1846,  Mr.  Mills  received  a  commission  as  major  in  the 
army  and  was  with  the  command  of  General  Scott  in  his  march  to  the 
City  of  Mexico.  After  the  Battle  of  Cherubusco,  Major  Mills  led  a  detach- 
ment in  pursuit  of  General  Santa  Anna  to  the  walls  of  the  city  where  he 
was  slain  on  the  20th  of  August,  in  leading  a  charge.  The  Federal  Gov- 
ernment had  his  name  inscribed  on  a  mural  tablet  in  the  chapel  of  the 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point  as  one  of  the  heroes  of  Cherubusco. 
The  General  Assembly  of  Iowa  recognized  his  service  in  civil  affairs  by 
giving  his  name  to  a  county. 

NOAH  W.  MILLS  was  born  in  Montgomery  County,  Indiana,  on  the 
21st  of  June,  1834.  He  received,  a  liberal  education,  having  graduated 
at  Wabash  College.  For  several  months  after  leaving  college  he  was  em- 
ployed in  an  engineering  corps  and  later  had  a  position  with  the  Adams 
Express  Company.  He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  the 
fall  of  1856  he  removed  to  Iowa,  taking  up  his  residence  at  Des  Moines, 
where  he  entered  into  partnership  with  his  brother,  F.  M.  Mills.  When 
the  Rebellion  began,  Noah  W.  was  one  of  the  first  to  enter  the  volunteer 
service  and  was  appointed  second  lieutenant  of  Company  D,  of  which  M. 
M.  Crocker  was  the  first  captain  in  the  Second  Iowa  Infantry.  He  re- 
ceived rapid  promotion  to  captain,  major,  lieutenant-colonel  in  June,  1862, 
and  upon  the  wounding  of  Colonel  Baker,  succeeded  him  as  colonel  of  the 
regiment.  On  the  second  day  of  the  Battle  of  Corinth,  while  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Mills  was  leading  a  charge  he  was  severely  wounded  in  the  foot 
and  a  week  later  he  was  attacked  with  lockjaw  and  died  on  the  12th  ot 
October.  Colonel  Mills  was  a  man  of  fine  literary  attainments  and  was 
an  accomplished  newspaper  writer. 

OLIVER  MILLS  was  born  at  Gustavus,  Trumbull  County,  Ohio,  Febru- 
ary 1,  1820.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  that  section  until  he  was 
fourteen  years  of  age  when  he  entered  Farraington  Academy.  After  leav- 
ing school  he  engaged  in  stock  raising  and  in  1850  removed  to  Iowa,  locat- 
ing in  Lee  County.  In  1858  he  removed  to  Cass  County  which  was  then 
largely  unsettled,  making  his  home  in  Lewis,  the  old  county-seat.  He 
was  an  active  promoter  of  improved  stock  and  the  best  methods  of  farm- 
ing. For  twenty  years  he  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  State  Agri- 
cultural Society,  often  a  director  and  for  three  terms  president.  He 
has  held  many  minor  public  offices,  being  originally  a  Whig  and  later  a 
Republican.  In  1871  he  was  the  Republican  candidate  for  Representative 
in  the  Legislature  in  the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of  Cass,  Adair 
and  Montgomery,  and  was  elected,  serving  in  the  Fourteenth  General  As- 
sembly. For  more  than  fifty  years  he  has  been  prominently  identified 
with  industrial  interests  of  Iowa. 


OF  IOWA  195 


THOMAS  MITCHELL  was  born  in  Sullivan  County,  New  Hamp- 
shire, March  3,  1816.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  had  but  a  common 
school  education.  In  1840  he  came  to  Iowa  and  first  made  his  home  in 
Jefferson  County  but  in  1844  came  to  Fort  Des  Moines  and  obtained  per- 
mission of  Captain  Allen,  its  commander,  to  build  a  log  cabin  on  Camp 
Creek  for  the  entertainment  of  travelers.  It  was  the  first  public  house  in 
the  upper  Des  Moines  valley.  The  country  was  then  occupied  by  the 
Indians  and  the  Fox  chief,  Poweshiek  had  a  village  on  the  Skunk  River 
where  Colfax  stands,  which  was  the  home  of  more  than  a  thousand  mem- 
bers of  that  tribe.  Mr.  Mitchell  was  a  warm  friend  of  the  chief.  In 
1857  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  first  General  Assembly  which 
convened  at  Des  Moines.  In  1867  he  founded  the  town  of  Mitchellville  and 
a  few  years  later  secured  the  location  at  that  place  of  a  Universalist 
Seminary.  In  1873  Mr.  Mitchell  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving 
four  years.  He  was  a  radical  abolitionist,  kept  a  station  on  the  "  Under- 
ground Railroad  "  and  was  always  ready  to  entertain  John  Brown  with 
his  escaping  slaves  on  their  way  to  freedom  in  Canada  and  convey  them 
to  the  next  station.  Mr.  Mitchell  was  a  man  of  broad  and  liberal  views, 
large  benevolence  and  great  public  spirit.  He  was  of  the  best  type  of  the 
pioneers  who  laid  the  foundation  for  the  future  greatness  of  the  State. 
He  died  on  the  14th  of  July,  1894. 

WILLIAM  O.  MITCHELL  is  a  native  of  Iowa,  born  in  Van  Buren 
County,  April  4,  1846.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  enlisted  in  Company 
C,  Thirteenth  Iowa  Volunteers,  serving  three  years.  During  that  time  he  waa 
eight  months  a  prisoner  confined  in  the  Andersonville  stockade,  Salisbury 
and  Florence  prisons,  from  the  last  of  which  he  escaped.  During  his 
term  of  service  he  participated  in  the  Vicksburg  campaign  and  many  other 
engagements.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he  graduated  at  Cornell  College, 
Mount  Vernon,  and  began  the  study  of  law,  being  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1872.  He  located  at  Corning  in  Adams  County  and  in  addition  to 
practicing  law  became  largely  engaged  in  farming.  He  has  done  probably 
more  than  any  other  one  man  to  call  public  attention  to  the  famous  "  Blue 
Grass  Region  "  of  southern  Iowa  as  a  stock  country.  He  was  in  1891 
elected  Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Twenty-fourth  General  Assembly 
and  had  the  unusual  honor  of  being  chosen  Speaker  the  first  term  of  his 
legislative  service.  He  was  reelected  to  the  Twenty-fifth  General  Assembly, 
serving  as  chairman  of  the  committee  of  ways  and  means.  In  1895  he 
was  elected  to  the  Senate,  serving  in  the  Twenty-sixth  and  Twenty- seventh 
General  Assemblies  and  at  the  extra  session. 

SAMUEL  A.  MOORE,  pioneer  legislator  and  soldier,  was  born  at 
Lawrenceburg,  Indiana,  December  16,  1821.  He  was  educated  in  the  log 
cabins  of  Dearborn  and  Bartholomew  counties,  and  at  eight  years  of  age 
became  an  apprentice  in  a  printing  office  where  he  remained  four  years. 


196  -  HISTORY 


He  then  worked  ten  years  on  a  farm,  taught  school  and  finally  published 
a  paper  named  the  Spirit  of  the  West,  at  Columbus.  In  1853  he  removed 
to  Davis  County,  Iowa,  and  two  years  later  was  elected  county  judge.  He 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  Company  G,  Second  Iowa  Volunteers  in  1861,  and 
was  soon  promoted  to  second  lieutenant  and  in  November  became  captain 
of  his  comi^any.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Fort  Donelson  and  Shiloh,  and 
in  the  latter  was  so  severely  wounded  that  it  became  necessary  for  him 
to  resign.  In  1863  he  was  commissioned  captain  of  the  "  Bloomfield  Blues  " 
and  in  1864  became  aid-de-camp  to  Governor  Stone  with  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel.  He  seiwed  as  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Forty-fifth  Iowa 
Volunteers  (one  hundred  days'  service)  in  1864.  Colonel  Moore  had 
served  in  the  Indiana  Legislature  before  coming  to  Iowa,  and  in  1863 
he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the  State  Senate  of  Iowa,  serv- 
ing in  the  Tenth  and  Eleventh  General  Assemblies.  He  was  one  of  the 
superintendents  of  the  eleventh  State  census.  In  1901  he  was  elected  rep- 
resentative in  the  Twenty-ninth  General  Assembly;  he  has  long  been  one 
of  the  prominent  members  of  the  Pioneer  La^\Tnakers'  Association  and 
has  delivered  many  addresses  before  that  body. 

WELCOME  MOWRY  was  born  in  Putnam  County,  Illinois,  April  3, 
1842,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  Dover  Academy.  In 
1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  D,  Seventh  Kansas  Cavalry,  and  participated 
in  the  battles  of  Corinth,  Coli'eyville,  Tupelo,  luka,  Coldwater,  Holly 
Springs,  Oxford  and  Jackson.  Mr.  Mowry  with  four  companions  was  sent 
to  reconnoiter  the  position  of  the  army  of  General  Price  at  Abbyville  and 
running  into  the  camp  guard,  fell  back  in  the  darkness.  The  enemy 
alarmed  at  the  encounter  and  ignorant  of  the  size  of  the  forces  near  at 
hand,  hastily  evacuated  the  town.  This  is  probably  the  only  instance 
on  record  where  five  men  stampeded  an  army.  One  of  Mr.  Mowry's  com- 
manders  has   said   of  hira : 

"  He  was  frequently  on  duty  as  scout  in  hazardous  expeditions  where 
his  unflinching  bravery,  quick  intelligence  and  sound  judgment  were  sig- 
nally displayed.     He  was  an  ideal  soldier." 

Mr.  Mowry  was  mustered  out  in  September,  1864,  but  soon  rel-nlisted 
in  the  One  Hundred  Fifty-first  Illinois  Infantry,  serving  until  Febru- 
ary, 1866,  and  as  sergeant  was  in  command  of  General  Judea's  head- 
quarter guards.  In  1867  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  on  a  farm  in 
Tama  County,  which  became  his  permanent  home  where  he  has  held 
many  official  positions.  In  1883  he  was  elected  Representative  in  the 
House  of  the  Twentieth  General  Assembly,  taking  an  active  part  in  the 
business  of  the  session.  In  1896  he  was  one  of  the  Republican  presidential 
electors,  and  in  1898  he  was  elected  Railroad  Commissioner. 


1n^^^ 


\ »" 


^^^t^^^t^ 


OF  IOWA  197 


CHARLES  W.  MULLAN  is  the  son  of  Charles  Mullan,  who  was  one 
of  the  first  settlers  at  Waterloo,  Black  Hawk  County,  Iowa.  The  son 
was  born  in  Waj'ne  County,  Illinois,  December  31,  1845,  and  has  spent 
practically  all  his  life  in  Iowa.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  public 
schools  and  at  the  Upper  Iowa  University.  He  read  law  with  a  private 
tutor,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1870,  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Waterloo.  He  served  as  city  solicitor  and  later  as  county 
attorney  for  several  years.  In  1897  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican 
ticket  State  Senator  from  the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of  Black 
Hawk  and  Grundy,  serving  in  the  Twenty-seventh  and  Twenty-eighth  Gen- 
eral Assemblies.  He  resigned  before  the  expiration  of  his  term  to  accept 
the  office  of  Attorney-General  to  which  he  was  elected  in  1900.  At  the 
expiration  of  his  first  term  in  that  position  he  was  reelected. 

SAMUEL  MURDOCK  was  born  near  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania,  March 
13,  1817.  After  obtaining  a  common  school  education  he  taught  several 
years,  then  studied  law.  In  1841  he  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Iowa  City, 
where  he  opened  a  law  office.  In  1842  he  removed  to  Clayton  County,  mak- 
ing his  home  near  Jacksonville  (now  Garnavillo).  In  1845  he  was  elected 
to  the  Territorial  Legislature,  serving  two  terms.  In  1855  he  was  elected 
judge  of  the  Tenth  District  which  included  ten  counties  of  northeastern 
Iowa.  In  several  of  these  counties  he  held  the  first  courts,  riding  on 
horseback  from  one  county-seat  to  another.  Judge  Murdock  was  a  Demo- 
crat but  upon  the  organization  of  the  Republican  party  became  a  mem- 
ber as  he  was  strongly  opposed  to  the  extension  of  slavery  into  the  Terri- 
tories. In  1869  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Thirteenth  General 
Assembly.  In  1876  he  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  to  fill  Iowa's  De- 
partment of  Anthropology  at  the  Centennial  Exposition.  He  gathered 
and  there  exhibited  some  of  the  most  interesting  specimens  of  prehistoric 
man  ever  found  on  the  continent.  Judge  Murdock  had  for  many  years  been 
investigating  the  work  of  the  "  Mound  Builders  "  and  delivering  lectures 
upon  the  prehistoric  races  of  America.  His  last  public  service  was  at 
the  Semi-Centennial  gathering  at  Burlington  in  October,  1896,  where  he 
was  the  principal  speaker  on  "  Pioneers'  Day."  He  was  the  first  lawyer  in 
Clayton  County,  the  first  judge  of  the  Tenth  District  and  one  of  the  few 
survivors  of  the  Territorial  lawmakers.  He  died  on  the  27th  of  January, 
.1897. 

JEREMIAH  H.  MURPHEY  was  born  in  Lowell,  Massachusetts,  Feb- 
ruary 19,  1835,  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Boston  and  after  removing 
to  Iowa,  graduated  at  the  State  University.  He  read  law  in  Davenport, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  at  once  entered  upon  practice.  He  was  an 
active  Democrat  and  in  1873  was  elected  mayor  of  Davenport.  In  1874 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  four  years.     In  1879  he  was 


198  HISTORY 


again  chosen  mayor.  In  1882  he  was  elected  to  represent  the  Second  Dis- 
trict in  Congress  and  was  a  member  of  the  committees  on  rivers  and  har- 
bors and  on  railroads  and  canals.  On  the  latter  committee  he  worked 
faithfully  to  secure  an  appropriation  for  the  Hennepin  canal.  Mr. 
Murphey  was  reelected  in  1884,  serving  four  years.  He  died  in  Wash- 
ington on  the  11th  of  December,  1893, 

JOHN  S.  MURPHY  was  born  in  Schuylkill  County,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1847,  and  acquired  his  education  in  the  public  schools  and  the  printing 
office.  While  young  he  came  with  his  parents  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Ana- 
mosa.  He  became  an  apprentice  in  the  office  of  the  Dubuque  Herald  in 
1859,  and  after  acquiring  a  knowledge  of  the  art  of  printing,  secured  a 
position  with  the  Globe-Democrat  establishment  at  St.  Louis,  doing  edito- 
rial work  for  several  years,  but  finally  returning  to  Dubuque.  In  1879  he 
became  editor  of  the  Dubuque  Daily  Telegraph.  He  developed  fine  edito- 
rial ability,  making  the  Telegraph  one  of  the  most  prominent  advocates  of 
"  free  silver"  in  the  Mississippi  valley.  Mr.  Murphy  became  an  acknowl- 
edged leader  of  the  Bryan  wing  of  the  Democratic  party  in  the  middle 
west  and  was  one  of  the  ablest  supporters  of  the  Nebraska  orator  for 
President  in  1896.  "  He  was  an  evangelist  of  labor,  gauging  every  move- 
ment by  what  he  believed  to  be  for  labor's  weal  or  detriment."  In  October, 
1901,  the  Dubuque  Herald,  one  of  the  oldest  and  ablest  Democratic  jour- 
nals in  Iowa,  was  consolidated  with  the  Telegraph  under  the  editorial 
management  of  Mr.  Murphy.  His  industry  was  unsurpassed  and  he  died 
at  his  desk  in  the  midst  of  his  labors  on  the  10th  of  Februaiy,  1902. 

JOHN  A.  NASH,  minister  and  educator,  was  born  in  Chenango 
County,  New  York,  July  11,  1816.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  in  Otsego 
County,  and  at  the  age  of  twenty  entered  the  preparatory  department  of 
Madison  University  graduating  from  the  Theological  Seminary  in  1844. 
His  first  pastorate  was  Watertown,  N.  Y.  Coming  to  Iowa  in  1851  he 
located  at  Des  Moines  which  was  henceforth  his  home.  He  immediately 
organized  a  Baptist  church  and  was  its  pastor  for  eighteen  years,  teaching 
at  the  same  time.  In  1853  he  opened  a  select  school  which  soon  grew  into 
Forest  Home  Seminary.  It  was  resolved  to  establish  a  Baptist  institution 
at  the  Capital  and  in  1865  the  University  of  Des  Moines  was  the  result. 
In  August,  1872,  Mr.  Nash  became  acting  president  and  soon  after  presi- 
dent, which  position  he  held  until  1883.  Dr.  Nash  accomplished  a  great 
religious  as  well  as  educational  work,  founding  two  Baptist  churches  in 
Des  Moines  and  nearly  thirty  others  throughout  central  Iowa.  He  was 
an  untiring  worker  in  the  temperance  reform,  canvassing  the  central  por- 
tion of  the  State  for  the  prohibitory  liquor  law.  The  degree  of  D.  D.  was 
conferred  upon  him  by  the  University  of  Chicago  in  1877.  He  died  at  his 
home  in  Des  Moines  in  1890. 


OF   IOWA  199 


JOHN  R.  NEEDHAJVI  was  born  on  the  18th  of  December,  1824,  in 
Washington,  Ohio.  He  received  a  good  education,  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  at  Cambridge,  Ohio.  In  1849  he  came  to  Iowa,  tak- 
ing up  his  residence  in  Mahaska  County,  where  he  first  engaged  in  teach- 
ing. On  the  2d  of  July,  1850,  Mr,  Needham  and  Mr.  McNeeley  issued  the 
first  newspaper  ever  published  in  that  county  under  the  name  of  the  loiva 
Herald.  The  name  was  afterwards  changed  to  the  Oskaloosa  Herald.  In 
1852  Mr.  Needham  was  nominated  by  the  Whigs  for  State  Senator  and 
elected,  serving  four  years  as  one  of  the  most  influential  members  of  that 
body.  In  1857  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  for  member  of  the 
convention  to  frame  a  new  Constitution  but  declined  the  position.  In 
1861  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the 
State  and  was  an  able  and  popular  President  of  the  Senate.  In  1867 
he  was  again  elected  to  the  State  Senate  for  four  years  but  died  on  the 
9th  of  July,  1868.  He  was  a  life-long  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church. 

C.  C.  NESTLERODE,  pioneer  educator,  was  born  in  Center  County, 
Pennsylvania,  March  27,  1824,  where  his  early  education  was  acquired.  He 
taught  school  several  years  in  Ohio,  and  while  visiting  at  Galena,  Illinois, 
in  December,  1854,  learned  that  a  meeting  of  the  State  Teachers'  Associa- 
tion of  Iowa  was  soon  to  be  held  at  Iowa  City.  He  walked  the  entire 
distance  to  be  present  at  that  gathering  of  the  teachers  of  Iowa,  and  was 
so  deeply  interested  in  the  enthusiasm  of  the  pioneer  teachers  of  the  new 
State  that  he  resolved  to  remain  in  Iowa.  In  1856  he  was  chosen  principal 
of  the  Union  School  of  Tipton  in  Cedar  County,  the  first  school  of  the 
kind  established  in  the  State.  He  was  an  enthusiastic  advocate  of  the 
free  school  system  and  in  connection  with  George  B.  Dennison  of  Musca- 
tine succeeded  in  inducing  the  Iowa  Legislature  to  abolish  the  rate  bills 
and  provide  by  tax  for  the  support  of  the  public  schools.  Mr.  Nestlerode 
held  one  of  the  first  teachers'  institutes  at  Tipton,  in  1856;  and  served 
as  president  of  the  State  Teachers'  Association  in  1857-8  and  again  in 
1862.  In  1858  he  was  chosen  by  the  State  Association,  Institute  lecturer 
for  the  State  and  public  school  worker,  representing  the  Association  before 
the  State  Board  of  Education.  During  that  year  of  educational  labor, 
Mr.  Nestlerode  held  twelve  institutes,  attended  the  sessions  of  the  State 
Board  of  Education  for  twenty  days,  traveled  3,700  miles,  much  of  the 
way  on  foot,  and  delivered  seven  hundred  twelve  free  school  talks.  He 
died  at  Fostoria,  Ohio,  December  29,  1900. 

JOSHUA  G.  NEWBOLD,  ninth  Governor  of  Iowa,  was  born  in  Fayette 
County,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  12th  of  May,  1830.  He  was  reared  on  a 
farm,  attended  the  public  schools  and  a  few  terms  at  an  academy.  He 
taught   school   several   winters,   assisting   his   father   on   the   farm   during 


200  HISTORY 


the  summer.  When  nineteen  he  began  the  study  of  medicine  but  never 
became  a  practicing  physician.  In  1854  he  came  to  Iowa  and  engaged 
in  farming  in  Henry  County.  When  the  Civil  War  began  Mr.  Newbold 
raised  a  company  which  was  attached  to  the  Twenty-fifth  Volunteer  In- 
fantry and  he  was  commissioned  captain.  He  served  three  years,  a  por- 
tion of  the  time  as  Judge  Advocate  at  Woodville,  Alabama.  He  par- 
ticipated in  the  battles  of  Arkansas  Post,  Lookout  Mountain  and  Sher- 
man's Atlanta  campaign.  After  his  return  to  Henry  County,  Captain 
Newbold  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  Representative  in  the  House 
of  the  Thirteenth  General  Assembly  and  was  twice  reelected,  serving  six 
years.  At  the  Republican  State  Convention  which  nominated  Kirkwood 
for  a  third  terra  as  Governor,  Captain  Newbold  was  nominated  for  Lieu- 
tenant-Governor and  elected.  Upon  the  resignation  of  Kirkwood  to  accept 
the  position  of  United  States  Senator,  Newbold  became  Governor  on  the 
first  of  February,  1877.  He  made  a  good  executive  but  was  defeated 
for  the  nomination  for  a  full  term  in  the  Republican  State  Convention 
by  John  H.  Gear. 

JOHN  W.  NOBLE  was  born  at  Lancaster,  Ohio,  October  26,  1831.  He 
attended  the  common  schools  of  Cincinnati,  afterwards  taking  a  course 
at  Miami  University  and  Yale  College.  He  studied  law  with  Henry 
Stansbcry,  afterwards  Attorney-General  of  the  United  States,  was  admit- 
ted to  the  bar  in  1855  and  removed  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  law.  In  1856  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Keokuk,  where 
he  entered  into  partnership  with  Ralph  P.  Lowe,  afterwards  Governor  of 
the  State.  Here  he  meet  at  the  bar  in  legal  conflicts  Samuel  F.  ]\Iiller, 
George  W.  LlcCrary  and  John  F.  Dillon,  who  attained  the  highest  rank 
in  the  profession.  When  the  Civil  War  began,  Mr.  Noble  was  one  of  the 
first  to  take  up  arms  for  the  Union,  taking  part  in  the  Battle  of  Athens 
on  the  Iowa  border.  He  enlisted  in  the  Third  Iowa  Cavalry  and  was 
soon  appointed  adjutant  of  the  regiment.  Mr.  Noble  rose  steadily  in  rank 
from  lieutenant  to  colonel,  and  was  brevetted  Brigadier-General  for  dis- 
tinguished services  in  the  field.  He  participated  in  the  Battle  of  Pea 
Ridge,  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  and  the  second  Battle  of  Jackson.  Colonel 
Noble  served  as  Judge  Advocate  of  the  Army  of  the  Southwest,  and  as 
Judge  Advocate  of  the  Department  of  Missouri.  Returning  to  Keokuk 
at  the  close  of  the  war  he  found  his  practice  taken  by  others  and  removed 
to  St.  Louis  where  he  was  appointed  United  States  District  Attorney.  He 
was  offered  the  office  of  Solicitor-General  by  President  Grant  but  pre- 
ferred to  continue  in  practice  at  St.  Louis  where  he  attained  high  rank 
in  his  profession,  winning  some  of  the  most  important  cases  in  that  sec- 
tion of  the  country.  In  1889  he  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Interior 
in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Harrison.  In  this  important  department  of  the 
Government,  General  Noble  won  new  honors  by  the  ability  he  brought  to 
the  public  service.     He  is  entitled  to  the  credit  of  having  reserved  great 


i  r,LL 

PUBLIC  LI3HARYi 

I 
/. 

^Astor,  Lenox  and  Tilden  JJ 
Foundat'oas. 


MRS.  ADA  NORTH 


OF   IOWA  201 


bodies   of   forest   lands   in    the   far    west   embracing   the    source   of   many 
streams  which  furnish  water  for  irrigation  of  arid  lands. 

REUBEN  NOBLE  was  born  on  the  14th  of  April,  1821,  in  Adams 
County,  Mississippi,  where  his  father  was  a  planter.  The  father  was 
opposed  to  human  slavery  and  in  1833  removed  to  Illinois  to  rear  his 
family  in  a  free  State.  When  the  son  was  eighteen  years  of  age  he  began 
to  study  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  twenty-one.  In  1843  he  came 
to  Iowa,  making  his  home  at  Garnavillo,  in  Clayton  County.  In  1854 
he  was  elected  as  a  free  soil  Whig  to  the  Legislature  and  upon  the  or- 
ganization of  the  House  was  chosen  Speaker,  serving  in  the  regular  and 
extra  sessions  of  1854-5-6.  At  the  first  Republican  State  Convention  of 
1856  Reuben  Noble  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  ticket  for  presidential 
elector.  Four  years  later  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Convention 
which  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for  President.  Up  to  the  time  of  the 
attempt  of  the  Republicans  to  remove  President  Johnson  by  impeachment, 
Mr.  Noble  had  been  a  prominent  leader  of  that  party.  But  approving  of 
the  policy  of  the  President  he  left  the  Republicans  and  from  that  time 
became  a  Democrat.  In  1866  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  for 
Representative  in  Congress,  but  was  defeated  by  William  B.  Allison.  In 
1870  he  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  but 
was  defeated  by  Judge  Day.  In  1874  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  District 
Court  and  in  1878  Avas  reelected.  In  1879  he  was  again  the  Democratic 
candidate  for  Supreme  Judge,  but  was  again  defeated.  In  1886  he  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association  and  was  its 
first  president,  never  missing  a  session  during  the  remainder  of  his  life. 
Judge  Noble  was  the  leader  of  the  bar  of  northeastern  Iowa  from  1850  to 
the  time  of  his  death  which  occurred  August  8,  1896. 

ADA  E.  NORTH  was  the  daughter  of  Rev.  Mile  N.  Miles,  a  Congre- 
gational minister,  long  and  favorably  known  at  Iowa  City  and  Des 
Moines.  In  the  fall  of  1865  she  was  married  to  Major  George  J.  North, 
Governor  Stone's  military  secretary,  during  the  latter  part  of  the  Civil 
War.  In  1870  Major  North  died  and  his  widow  was  left  with  two  chil- 
dren to  support.  She  procured  temporary  clerical  work  towards  the  close 
of  the  session  of  the  Legislature  and  was  one  of  the  first  women  employed 
as  a  clerk  in  the  State  House.  After  serving  a  year  as  a  clerk  in  various 
offices  at  the  Capitol,  a  vacancy  occurred  in  the  office  of  State  Librarian, 
by  the  death  of  John  C.  Merrill  and  Governor  Merrill  appointed  Mrs. 
North  to  that  position.  She  was  one  of  the  first  women  to  hold  a  State 
office  in  the  United  States  and  many  eyes  anxiously  watched  her  adminis- 
tration, to  see  whether  a  woman  would  prove  competent  for  the  position. 
Up  to  that  time  but  little  attention  had  been  given  to  I)uilding  up  a 
creditable  State  Library.  The  appropriations  had  been  small  and  the 
library  was  in  its  infancy.     Mrs.  North  prosecuted  the  work  of  her  new 


202  HISTORY 


position  with  zeal  and  enthusiasm,  realizing  that  a  woman  was  on  trial 
for  competency  in  the  administration  of  the  duties  of  a  State  office.  She 
soon  secured  the  attention  and  earnest  cooperation  of  the  Governor,  Judge 
Cole  and  General  Ed.  Wright  who  was  then  Secretary  of  State.  A  bill 
was  carefully  prepared,  at  her  suggestion,  revising  the  laws  relating  to 
the  State  Library,  which  was  passed  by  the  Fourteenth  General  Assembly. 
This  act  provided  for  a  board  of  trustees,  consisting  of  the  Governor,  Sec- 
retary of  State,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  and  the  Judges  of 
the  Supreme  Court.  Librarian  was  made  a  State  officer,  with  a  salary  of 
$1,200  a  year.  Mrs.  North  planned  the  upbuilding  of  a  library  worthy  of 
the  State.  She  was  retained  in  office  by  reappointments  for  nearly  eight 
years,  systematizing,  enlarging  and  laying  the  foundation  for  a  great 
library.  In  all  of  her  valuable  work  she  had  the  earnest  cooperation  of 
the  trustees  and  with  their  help  did  a  work  that  will  live  as  a  substantial 
monument  to  the  ability  and  efficiency  of  the  first  woman  who  held  a 
State  office  in  Iowa,  if  not  in  the  United  States.  After  retiring  from  her 
position,  in  1879,  she  was  appointed  librarian  of  the  State  University  at 
Iowa  City  where  she  served  with  marked  ability  for  thirteen  years.  She 
died  at  her  home  in  Des  Moines,  on  the  9th  of  January,  1899. 

HARDIN  NOWLIN,  one  of  the  earliest  of  the  pioneers  of  Iowa,  was 
born  October  12,  1804.  He  took  up  his  residence  in  Dubuque  in  1833  be- 
fore the  "  Black  Hawk  Purchase  "  was  incorporated  into  Michigan  Terri- 
tory. In  1836,  when  it  was  a  part  of  Wisconsin  Territory,  and  there  were 
but  two  organized  counties  west  of  the  Mississippi  River,  Mr.  Nowlin  was 
chosen  one  of  the  Representatives  from  Dubuque  County  to  the  Legisla- 
tive Assembly  which  met  at  Belmont  in  October  of  that  year.  When  the 
Territory  of  Iowa  was  created  in  1838,  Mr.  Nowlin  was  again  elected  to 
its  First  Legislative  Assembly  which  convened  in  Burlington  in  Novem- 
ber. He  thus  participated  in  the  framing  and  enactment  of  the  first  laws 
extended  over  Iowa  citizens.    He  died  at  Waterloo  in  1892. 

CHARLES  C.  NOURSE  was  born  at  Sharpsburg,  Maryland,  April  1, 
1829.  He  received  a  liberal  education  and  when  quite  young  began  the 
study  of  law.  He  graduated  from  the  Law  Department  of  the  Transyl- 
vania University  of  Kentucky  in  1850  and  the  following  year  removed  to 
Iowa,  making  his  home  at  Keosauqua.  In  1852  he  was  elected  Prosecuting 
Attorney  and  in  1854  chief  clerk  of  the  House  of  the  Fifth  General  As- 
sembly at  Iowa  City.  In  1856  he  was  Secretary  of  the  Senate.  He  was  a 
delegate  to  the  State  Convention  of  that  year  which  organized  the  Repub- 
lican party  of  Iowa  and  served  as  one  of  the  secretaries.  In  1860  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Convention  at  Chicago  which  nom- 
inated Abraham  Lincoln.  At  the  State  Convention  the  same  year  he  was 
nominated  for  Attorney-General  of  Iowa  and  elected,  serving  four  years. 


HENRY  O'CONNOR 


OF   IOWA  203 


In  1865  Mr.  Nourse  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Fifth  District.  In  1876 
he  was  selected  by  the  Governor  to  deliver  an  address  for  Iowa  at  the 
Centennial  Exposition  at  Philadelphia.  It  was  a  masterly  oration  showing 
the  wonderful  progress  and  development  of  the  new  State,  and  20,000 
copies  were  published  for  general  circulation.  Judge  Nourse  has  long 
ranked  among  the  ablest  lawyers  of  the  State  and  has  been  one  of  the 
most  prominent  leaders  of  temperance  and  prohibition. 

MAURICE  D.  O'CONNELL  has,  for  more  than  thirty  years,  been  one 
of  the  foremost  lawyers  in  northern  Iowa.  He  was  born  in  Franklin 
County,  New  York,  on  the  23d  of  April,  1839.  His  education  was 
acquired  at  the  public  schools  and  Franklin  Academy,  Malone.  For  several 
years  he  taught  school  in  the  counties  of  Franklin,  St.  Lawrence  and 
Clinton.  He  entered  upon  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  George  E.  Clark 
of  Plattsburg  and  took  the  law  course  in  Columbian  University  at  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  graduating  in  the  class  of  1866.  He  received  the  appointment 
of  chief  of  a  division  in  the  department  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency, 
serving  two  years.  In  September,  1869,  he  went  west,  locating  at  Fort 
Dodge,  Iowa,  then  a  village  of  a  few  hundred  inhabitants.  He  was  young, 
full  of  courage  and  enthusiasm  and  from  the  start  Avon  his  way  to  a  good 
practice.  He  was  an  active  Republican  in  those  exciting  years  of  recon- 
struction and  one  of  the  most  eloquent  public  speakers  in  northwest  Iowa. 
In  1871  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  for  a  seat  in  the  Legisla- 
ture; the  county  was  very  close  politically  and  John  F.  Duncombe  was  the 
Democratic  candidate.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  of  Fort  Dodge, 
knew  every  voter  in  the  district  personally,  was  an  able  man  and  lawyer 
and  received  enough  Republican  votes  to  give  him  a  small  majority.  In 
1874  Mr.  O'Connell  was  chosen  District  Attorney  for  the  Eleventh  Judicial 
District,  serving  four  years.  In  1881  he  was  appointed  United  States 
District  Attorney  for  Iowa,  holding  the  position  until  Cleveland  became 
President,  when  he  resigned.  After  the  election  of  President  Harrison, 
Mr.  O'Connell  was  again  appointed  to  his  former  position.  On  the  6th 
of  July,  1897,  he  received  the  appointment  by  President  McKinley  of  Solici- 
tor of  the  Treasury  Department  of  the  United  States.  Twenty-eight  years 
before,  the  unknown  young  lawyer  left  the  Capital,  having  little  besides 
his  profession  to  rely  upon;  now  he  returned  at  the  call  of  the  President 
to  assume  one  of  the  most  responsible  places  in  the  Treasury  Department, 
in  the  direct  line  of  the  profession  to  which  he  had  closely  adhered  through 
all  of  the  intervening  years. 

HENRY  O'CONNOR  was  born  in  the  City  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  July  26, 
1820.  When  old  enough  to  leave  home  he  was  sent  to  Tullow  where  he 
received  private  instruction  from  the  monks  who  kept  a  free  school.  He 
finally  emigrated  to  America,   going  to   Cincinnati,   where  he  began  the 


204  HISTORY 


study  of  law  when  about  twenty-six  years  of  age  and  took  six  months' 
instruction  in  a  law  school,  working  at  his  trade  to  support  himself.     In 
1849  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Musca- 
tine, where  he  opened  a  law  office.     He  united  with  the  free  soil  move- 
ment in  1854,  supporting  James  W.  Grimes  for  Governor.     In  1856  he  was 
a  delegate  to  the  State  Convention  which  organized  the  Republican  party 
in  Iowa   and  made   a  speech   on   the   evening  of  the   ratification   meeting 
which    for   impassioned    eloquence   has    seldom   been    equalled.      It   placed 
him  in  the  front  rank  of  Republican  orators.     In  1857  Mr.  O'Connor  was 
chosen  District  Attorney  in  the  Seventh  District.     When  the  War  of  the 
Rebellion  began  in  1861,  Mr.  O'Connor  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  First 
Iowa    Regiment   and    fought   bravely    until    his    term    of    service   expired. 
In  1862  he  was  commissioned  major  of  the  Thirty-fifth  Regiment.    In  1867 
he  was  elected  Attorney-General  of  Iowa,  serving  by  reelections  until  1872. 
While  holding  this  position,  a  young  woman  was  elected  to  the  office  of 
superintendent  of  schools  in  Mitchell  County.     Her  eligibility  to  the  office 
was  questioned  and  submitted  to  the  Attorney-General.     He  decided  that 
a  woman  was  eligible  to  hold  office — the  first  decision  in  the  United  States 
upon  that   subject.      In    1872   Mr.   O'Connor   was   appointed  by   President 
Grant    Solicitor  of  the  Department  of  State  and  served  in  that  important 
position   under   four   secretaries — Hamilton   Fish,   Wm.   M.   Evarts,    F.    T. 
Frelinghuysen  and  James  G.  Blaine,  a  period  of  nearly  fourteen  years.     In 
1872  he  was  warmly  supported  for  Governor  before  the  Republican  State 
Convention  but  the  nomination  went  to  C.  C.  Carpenter.     Major  O'Connor 
died  at  the  Soldiers'  Home,  November  6,  1900. 

ADDISON  OLIVER  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Pemisylvania, 
in  1834,  and  received  a  classical  education,  graduating  at  Washington 
College  in  1850.  He  taught  two  years  in  Arkansas,  returning  to  Pennsyl- 
vania and  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  removed  to  Iowa  in 
1857,  taking  up  his  residence  at  Onawa,  in  Monona  County,  where  he  be- 
gan practice.  Mr.  Oliver  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Tenth  General 
Assembly  in  1863  to  represent  the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of 
Carroll,  Crawford,  Monona  and  Sac.  He  became  a  prominent  member 
and  at  the  close  of  his  term  was  elected  to  the  Senate  for  the  Forty- 
fifth  District  composed  of  fifteen  counties  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the 
State  and  served  four  years.  He  was  then  chosen  circuit  judge  and  twice 
reelected.  In  1874  he  was  elected  to  Congress  from  the  Sixth  District, 
serving  four  years.  Mr.  Oliver  became  one  of  the  most  extensive  farmers 
in  western  Iowa  after  retiring  from  public  life. 

JACKSON  ORR  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Ohio,  September  21, 
1832.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  by  his  own  labor  earned  the  means 
to  pay  his  way  in  the  University.     After  attending  the  public  schools  in 


OF  IOWA  205 


boyhood,  he  attended  the  University  of  Indiana.  In  1857  he  came  to  Iowa, 
locating  in  Greene  County.  He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
At  zhe  beginning  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  he  raised  a  company  of 
which  he  was  chosen  captain.  This  company  was  incorporated  into  the 
Tenth  Regiment  of  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry.  Captain  Orr  was  a  gallant 
soldier  and  rendered  distinguished  service  at  the  battles  of  New  Madrid, 
Island  No.  10,  Corinth,  luka,  second  Battle  of  Corinth  and  in  the  Vicks- 
burg  campaign.  He  was  strongly  recommended  for  colonel  of  the  Thirty- 
ninth  Regiment  but  lacking  the  help  of  influential  friends  at  headquar- 
ters, was  not  promoted  to  the  position  which  he  had  nobly  earned.  After 
the  close  of  the  war  he  removed  to  Boone  and  engaged  in  mercantile  busi- 
ness. In  the  fall  of  18G7  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the 
Legislature.  In  1870  he  -was  nominated  in  the  Sixth  District  for  Con- 
giess  and  was  elected  by  a  majority  of  more  than  11,000.  He  secured  the 
passage  of  a  bill  through  the  House  of  Representatives  granting  indemnity 
to  the  River  Land  Settlers  for  the  loss  of  their  homes  but  the  bill  failed 
in  the  Senate.  He  was  reelected  at  the  close  of  his  first  term,  serving 
four  years.  Captain  Orr  removed  to  Colorado  where  he  held  several  im- 
portant public  positions. 

HERBERT  OSBORNE  was  born  at  La  Fayette,  Walworth  County,  Wis- 
consin, on  the  19th  of  March,  ISoo.  In  June,  1863,  the  family  removed  to 
Fairfax,  Iowa,  where  Herbert  attended  the  district  school.  He  entered  the 
State  Agricviltural  College  and  graduated;  then  tavight  in  the  country 
schools  from  1875  to  1878.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  assistant  Professor 
of  Zoology  and  Entomology  at  the  Agricultural  College  and  was  soon 
promoted  to  a  full  professorship  and  retained  the  position  until  1898. 
He  was  the  entomologist  during  this  period  for  the  Experimental  Station 
and  attained  high  rank  among  the  entomologists  of  the  nation.  Pro- 
fessor Osborne  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  scientific  journals  of  the 
country  and  was  the  special  agent  of  the  Division  of  Entomology  in  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  at  Washington.  He  prepared  numerous  bulle- 
tins on  injurious  insects  for  the  Department — one  on  the  Hessian  fly  and 
others  on  insects  affecting  domestic  animals — all  of  which  were  published 
in  the  Department  Reports.  While  Professor  at  Ames,  Mr.  Osborne  was 
given  leave  of  absence  for  a  year  to  accept  an  appointment  to  a  table  in 
the  Biological  Station  at  Naples.  He  assisted  in  drafting  the  bill  which 
became  a  law  providing  for  a  State  Entomologist  in  Iowa  and  organized 
the  work  in  that  department.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  always 
an  active  member  of  the  Iowa  Acadeiny  of  Sciences  and  its  secretary  and 
treasurer  from  1891  to  1898  when  he  received  the  appointment  of  Professor 
of  Entomology  in  the  State  University  of  Ohio  and  greatly  to  the  regret  of 
the  people  of  Iowa,  accepted  the  position  and  removed  from  the  State  to 
which  he  had  for  many  years  given  valuable  service.  Long  before  leaving 
Iowa   Professor    Osborne   had    won    a    national   reputation   in   the   line   of 


206  HISTORY 


his  work  and  was  a  Fellow  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advance- 
ment of  Science,  and  a  member  of  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington, 
D.  C. 

STEPHEN  B.  PACKARD,  Ex-Governor  of  Louisianr  was  born  at 
Auburn,  in  the  State  of  Maine,  April  25,  1839.  His  education  was  ac- 
quired in  the  village  schools  and  Westbrook  Academy.  At  the  age  of 
twenty  he  began  the  study  of  law,  having  previously  taught  school.  He 
left  the  law  office  in  1861  to  join  the  Twelfth  Maine  Volunteers  as  first 
lieutenant  and  was  promoted  to  captain  of  Company  B.  The  regiment  was 
assigned  to  General  B.  F.  Butler's  Division,  participating  in  the  Louisiana 
campaign  and  the  captures  of  New  Orleans  and  Port  Hudson.  In  1864 
Captain  Packard  served  as  Judge- Advocate  in  New  Orleans,  later  joining 
his  regiment  which  was  with  Sherman's  army.  After  the  close  of  the  war 
Captain  Packard  settled  in  New  Orleans,  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law 
and  in  1867  was  elected  delegate  to  the  Constitutional  Convention  and  was 
made  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Registration  consisting  of  seven  men  who 
were  charged  with  the  duty  of  administering  the  civil  affairs  of  the  State 
from  the  adjournment  in  April  until  the  inauguration  of  the  State  Govern- 
ment in  July,  1868.  He  was  appointed  United  States  Marshal  for  Louisi- 
ana in  1869  by  President  Grant.  As  delegate  to  the  Republican  National 
Convention  in  1876  he  supported  Blaine  after  it  was  seen  to  be  impossible 
to  nominate  General  Grant.  In  November  he  was  elected  Governor  of 
Louisiana  and  inaugurated  in  January,  1877,  but  by  the  manipulation 
of  the  election  returns  and  in  the  settlement  of  the  Tilden  and  Hayes 
contest  he  was  compelled  to  abdicate  in  April.  A  committee  appointed 
by  the  Hayes  faction  obtained  a  quorum  of  members  in  the  so-called 
Nichols  Legislature  by  breaking  up  a  quorum  in  the  regular  State  Legis- 
lature which  supported  Governor  Packard.  This  was  a  part  of  the  ar- 
rangement which  made  Hayes  President.  In  1878  Governor  Packard  was 
appointed  Consul  to  Liverpool,  serving  until  1885.  Coming  to  Iowa  he 
purchased  a  large  farm  near  Marshalltown  which  he  made  his  permanent 
home.  In  1893  he  was  a  member  of  the  Iowa  Commission  which  had  charge 
of  the  State  exhibit  at  the  World's  Exposition.  He  was  also  on  the  Iowa 
Commission  at  the  Trans-Mississippi  Exposition  at  Omaha;  and  was  one 
of  the  vice-presidents  for  Iowa  at  the  Pan-American  Exposition,  and  in  the 
same  year  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 

DAVID  J.  PALMER,  soldier  and  legislator,  was  born  in  Washington 
County,  Pennsylvania,  November  15,  1839,  coming  with  his  parents  to 
Iowa  in  1856  and  locating  in  Washington  County.  Mr.  Palmer  completed 
his  education  at  the  United  Presbyterian  College  of  Washington,  Iowa, 
and  engaged  in  teaching  in  the  public  schools.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in 
Company  C,  Eighth  Iowa  Volunteers  and  during  his  service  was  three  times 
severely  wounded.     After  being  discharged  for  disability,  Mr.  Palmer  again 


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FRANCIS   W.    PALMER 


OF  IOWA  207 

entered  the  service  as  captain  of  Company  A,  Twenty-fifth  Iowa  Infantry, 
and  in  1863  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel.  He  participated  in  the 
battles  of  Shiloh,  Chickasaw  Bayou,  Arkansas  Post,  assault  and  siege  of 
Vicksbiirg,  Jackson  and  Canton,  was  in  the  campaign  from  Memphis  to 
Chattanooga  and  Sherman's  march  to  the  sea,  the  capture  of  Savannah 
and  the  campaign  through  the  Carolinas.  Colonel  Palmer  has  been  an  ac- 
tive Republican  and  was  one  of  the  presidential  electors  in  1884.  In  1891 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  the  district  composed  of  Henry 
and  Washington  counties,  in  the  Twenty-fourth,  Twenty-fifth  and  Twenty- 
sixth  General  Assemblies.  In  1898  he  Avas  elected  Railroad  Commissioner 
and  at  the  close  of  his  first  term  was  reelected. 

FRANCIS   W.    PALMER  was   born   at   Manchester,    Indiana,   on   the 
11th   of   October,    1827.      His   father   removed   to    Jamestown,    New   York, 
where  the  son  attended  the  public  schools  until  fourteen  years  of  age  when 
he  went  to  New  York  City  where  he  learned  the  printer's  trade.     Return- 
ing to  Jamestown  he  was  for  ten  years  engaged  in  publishing  the  James- 
town Journal.     He  was  elected  to  the  New  York  Legislature  on  the  Whig 
ticket  in  1853,  serving  two  terms.     In  1858  he  removed  to  loAva,  locating 
at  Dubuque  where  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the  Dubuque  Times  and  be- 
came its  chief  editor.     In  1860  he  was  elected  State  Printer  and  removing 
to  Des  Moines  purchased  the  Siate  Register.     He  held  the  office  of  State 
Printer  eight  years,  resigning  on   the   1st  of  March,   1869,  to  enter  upon 
his  duties  as  Representative  in  Congress  to  which  position  he  had  been 
chosen  on  the   Republican  ticket  the  previous   fall.     Mr.   Palmer   served 
two  terms  in  Congress,  retiring  on  the  4th  of  March,   1873.      During  the 
time  he  was  editor  and  publisher  of  the  State  Register  it  was  the  leading 
Republican  daily  in  the  State,  attained  a  wide  circulation,  and  possessed 
a  powerful  influence  in  the  councils  of  the  Republican  party,  as  well  as  in 
the  general  affairs  of  the  entire  State.     After  the  expiration  of  his  term 
in  Congress  he  removed  to  Chicago  and  assumed  the  editorial  management 
of  the  Inter  Ocean  and  some  years  later  was  appointed  postmaster  of  that 
city,   serving  three  terms.     For   some  years  he  was   chief  editor  of   the 
Chicago  Herald.     When  President  Harrison  was  elected  Mr.  Palmer  was 
appointed  Public  Printer  at  Washington,  serving  until  Cleveland  became 
President.     Upon  the  election  of  McKinley,  Mr.  Palmer  was  restored  to 
the  position  and  was  holding  that  important  office  at  the  close  of  the 
century, 

JONATHAN  W.  PARKER  was  one  of  the  pioneer  lawmakers  of 
Iowa  Territory.  He  v/as  born  in  Clarendon,  Vermont,  on  the  10th  of 
August,  1810.  After  acquiring  the  usual  education  he  began  the  study  of 
law  in  Pennsylvania  and  came  with  his  father's  family  to  Davenport  in 
1836.    He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  the  first  term  of  court  held  in  Scott 


208  HISTORY 


County  and  immediately  began  practice.  In  1838,  upon  the  organization  of 
the  Territory  of  Iowa,  he  was  elected  to  represent  Scott  and  Clinton  coun- 
ties in  the  Council  of  the  First  Legislative  Assembly  and  was  reelected, 
serving  in  the  Second,  Third  and  Fourth  Territorial  Legislatures.  He 
attained  high  rank  as  a  legislator  and  was  President  of  the  Council  dui  ing 
the  session  of  1841-2.  In  1841  he  was  maj'or  of  Davenport.  In  18-52, 
while  on  a  visit  to  Cincinnati,  he  died  of  cholera  at  the  early  age  of  forty- 
one. 

LEONARD  F.  PAEKER  was  born  August  3,  1825,  in  Arcade,  New 
York.  His  education  was  obtained  in  the  common  schools,  at  Arcade 
Academy  and  in  Oberlin  College.  Ohio.  He  began  teaching  in  Ohio  in 
1841  and  followed  that  profession  in  the  States  of  New  York,  Ohio,  Penn- 
sylvania and  Iowa  up  to  the  year  1899.  Professor  Parker  was  a  member 
of  the  faculty  of  Iowa  College  from  1859  to  1870,  Avhen  he  was  called  to 
the  chair  of  Greek  in  the  State  University,  and  afterwards  to  that  of 
History.  He  was  lieutenant  of  Company  B,  Forty-sixth  Iowa  Volunteers 
in  the  Civil  War  in  the  "  hundred  days'  service  "  and  every  college  boy  of 
Grinnell  accompanied  him  into  the  service.  At  the  time  of  the  draft 
riots  in  Poweshiek  County,  when  two  deputy  marshals  were  assassinated, 
Lieutenant  Parker  was  placed  in  command  of  a  company  of  militia  and 
ordered  to  arrest  the  outlaws.  He  was  active  in  ora;anizinor  Union 
Leagues  during  the  war.  In  1868-70  he  Avas  a  member  of  the  House  of 
the  General  Assembly,  serving  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  schools. 
In  1888  Professor  Parker  resumed  his  work  in  Iowa  College  as  Professor 
of  History,  serving  until  1899  when  he  retired  as  Professor  Emeritus.  He 
has  delivered  many  public  lectures  on  educational  subjects  and  is  the 
author  of  a  volume  on  "  Higher  Education  in  Iowa,"  which  was  pub- 
lished by  the  National  Bureau  of  Education.  His  article  correcting  a  mis- 
representation in  General  Grant's  famous  Des  Moines  speech  had  a  circu- 
lation throughout  the  entire  country  in  newspapers  and  magazines. 

JAMES  C.  PARROTT  was  born  in  Easton,  Maryland,  May  21,  1811. 
His  father  was  an  officer  in  the  War  of  1812  but  the  son  was  trained 
for  the  mercantile  business.  In  February,  1834,  he  enlisted  in  the  First 
United  States  Dragoons  which  was  largely  composed  of  young  men  from 
wealthy  and  aristocratic  families  of  the  eastern  States.  The  regiment  was 
sent  to  Fort  Gibson  in  Indian  Territory.  Its  colonel  was  Henry  Dodge 
and  its  adjutant  Jefferson  Davis.  Young  Parrott  was  a  sergeant  in  Com- 
pany I,  whose  captain  was  Jesse  B.  Browne.  The  organization  of  the  regi- 
ment was  completed  in  the  summer  of  1834.  George  Catlin,  the  famous 
painter  of  Indian  portraits  and  writer  on  Indian  life,  was  with  the  reo-i- 
ment  on  its  Indian  campaign.  Three  companies  under  the  command  of 
Colonel  S.  W.  Kearny  were  stationed  at  old  Camp  Des  IMoines  the  present 
site  of  Montrose.     The  captain  of  Company  B,  was  E.  V.  Sumner,  after- 


L.   F.  PARKER 


OF  IOWA  209 


wards  a  famous  Major-General  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Captain 
Nathan  Boone  of  Company  H,  was  a  son  of  Daniel  Boone  of  Kentucky. 
Parrott  was  with  the  expedition  sent  through  northern  Iowa  in  1835  to 
settle  Indian  troubles.  Elsewhere  some  account  of  this  expedition  is  given. 
Sergeant  Parrott  was  discharged  from  service  in  1837  and  took  up  his 
residence  at  Fort  Madison.  He  was  intimately  acquainted  with  Black 
Hawk,  the  famous  Sac  chief,  and  an  admirer  of  that  great  Indian 
leader.  When  the  Rebellion  began  Mr.  Parrott  raised  a  company  which 
was  incorporated  with  the  Seventh  Infantry  as  Company  E  with  him  as 
captain.  In  the  Battle  of  Belmont  he  was  dangerously  wounded.  He 
was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  regiment  commanding  it  in  the 
battles  of  Fort  Donelson,  Shiloh  and  Corinth,  and  commanded  a  brigade 
in  the  campaigns  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  under  Grant,  Sherman 
and  Smith  and  participated  in  the  battles  on  Sherman's  march  to  the 
sea.  Colonel  Parrott  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  brevet  Brigadier-General 
at  the  close  of  the  war.  He  served  ten  years  as  postmaster  of  Keokuk 
which  had  long  been  his  home  and  where  he  died  on  the  17th  of  May, 
1898. 

MATT  PARROTT  was  born  in  Schoharie  County,  New  York,  in  1837 
and,  after  securing  an  education,  learned  the  printer's  trade.  In  185G 
he  went  to  Chicago  where  he  obtained  a  position  on  one  of  the  daily 
papers.  From  there  he  went  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  cgntinuing  in  the  trade 
of  printer.  He  at  one  time  became  the  owner  of  an  interest  in  the  Ana- 
mosa  Eureka.  In  1869  he  went  to  Waterloo  and,  in  company  with  J.  J. 
Smart,  purchased  the  Waterloo  Reporter  and  printing  establishment.  In 
1879  he  secured  the  office  of  State  Binder  which  he  held  for  three  terms. 
He  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1885  and  served  two  terms.  In  1895 
he  was  elected  Lieutenant-Governor  and  reelected  in  1897.  He  was  twice 
a  candidate  before  Republican  State  Conventions  for  Governor  but  was 
defeated.  Mr.  Parrott,  with  his  sons,  converted  the  Reporter  into  a  daily 
paper  of  which  they  became  the  sole  owners.  He  was  at  one  time  Presi- 
dent of  the  State  Press  Association,  and  was  a  life-long  Republican.  He 
died  at  Battle  Creek,  Michigan,  on  the  21st  of  April,  1900. 

JOHN  A.  PARVIN  was  born  at  Fairfield,  New  Jersey,  November  10, 
1807.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  after  acquiring  an  education  taughtfor 
several  years.  In  April,  1839,  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Bloomingtou. 
He  served  four  years  as  clerk  of  the  District  Court  and  in  1850  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  the  Third  General  Assembly.  Mr.  Parvin  secured 
the  passage  of  a  bill  changing  the  name  of  Bloomington  to  Muscatine. 
He  was  an  active  supporter  of  the  act  passed  to  prohibit  the  sale  of 
intoxicating  liquors  to  be  drunk  on  the  premises.  In  1854  Mr.  Parvin 
was  elected  mayor  of  Muscatine.     In   1856  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  con- 

[Vol.  4] 


210  HISTORY 


vention  which  organized  the  Republican  party  of  Iowa.  In  1857  he  was 
a  member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  Constitution  of  the  State 
and  was  an  active  and  influential  worker  in  that  notable  body.  In  1863 
he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  where  he  served  six  years.  He  was 
one  of  the  authors  of  the  bill  providing  for  the  establishment  of  the  State 
Reform  and  Industrial  School  and  was  a  trustee  and  President  of  the 
Board  for  sixteen  years.  Mr.  Parvin  was  the  first  superintendent  of  the 
Iowa  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home.     He  died  on  the  16th  of  March,   1887. 

THEODORE  S.  PARVIN  is  a  name  that  has  been  prominently 
identified  with  Iowa  history  since  the  first  year  of  the  existence  of  the 
Territory.  He  was  born  on  the  15th  of  January,  1817,  in  Cumberland 
County,  New  Jersey.  In  1833  he  graduated  at  Woodworth  College,  Ohio, 
and  began  the  study  of  law,  graduating  at  the  Cincinnati  Law  School  in 
1837.  In  1838  Robert  Lucas,  who  had  been  appointed  Governor  of  the 
new  Territory  of  Iowa,  selected  Mr.  Parvin  for  his  private  secretary.  He 
accompanied  the  Governor  to  Burlington  where  he  was  appointed  to  take 
charge  of  the  Territorial  library.  In  1839  Mr.  Parvin  was  appointed  Dis- 
trict Attorney  of  the  middle  District  and  removed  to  Bloomington.  He 
served  three  terms  as  probate  judge.  In  1844  he  rendered  Iowa  an  enduring 
service  by  cooperating  with  Enoch  W.  Eastman  and  Frederick  D.  Mills  in 
defeating  the  Constitution  which  proposed  to  deprive  the  State  of  the 
counties  of  the  Missouri  slope.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  United 
States  District  Court  in  1846  Mr.  Parvin  was  appointed  clerk,  a  position 
he  held  ten  years.  In  1857  he  was  nominated  for  Register  of  the  State 
Land  Office  by  the  Democrats  and,  notwithstanding  the  Republican  major- 
ity of  more  than  2,000  in  the  election  for  Governor  the  same  year,  Mr. 
Parvin  was  elected.  He  was  one  of  the  first  trustees  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity and  was  for  ten  years  professor  of  natural  science  in  that  institu- 
tion. He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  State  Historical  Society  and 
served  several  years  as  its  secretary  and  as  editor  of  the  Annals  of  loica, 
an  historical  magazine  published  by  the  society.  Mr.  Parvin  made  large 
contributions  to  the  library,  newspaper  files  and  general  collections  of  that 
Society,  and  for  more  than  thirty  years  was  one  of  the  most  valued 
writers  of  historical  and  biographical  articles  for  the  Annuls  of  Iowa  and 
the  Historical  Record.  Having  been  one  of  the  first  officials  of  the  Terri- 
tory and  long  associated  with  its  public  aff'airs,  personally  acquainted  with 
prominent  men  of  all  parties  for  more  than  sixty  years,  Mr.  Parvin  was 
long  regarded  the  highest  authority  on  Iowa  history  and  biography.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Masonic  Order  of  Iowa  and  has  been 
Grand  Master  and  Grand  Secretary  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  State  many 
years.  In  his  capacity  as  secretary  he  collected  at  their  building  at  Cedar 
Rapids  the  most  extensive  Masonic  library  in  the  world.  He  also  collected 
and  donated  to  the  library  a  more  complete  collection  of  Iowa  books  and 
rare  documents  than  is  possessed  by  any  other  library.    Mr.  Parvin's  con- 


E.    G.    PENROSE 


OF  IOWA  211 


tributions  of  early  Iowa  newspapers,  legislative  journals  and  session  law?, 
long  out  of  print  and  other  rare  publications  to  the  State  and  Historical 
libraries  have  been  continuous  and  exceedingly  valuable.  He  was  one  of 
the  most  valued  members  of  the  Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association  and  his 
historical  contributions  to  that  organization  have  been  of  great  value. 
His  writings  and  addresses  on  historical  subjects  relating  to  Iowa  for  half 
a  century  would  fill  several  volumes.  No  citizen  of  Iowa  has  done  so 
much  to  collect  and  preserve  its  early  records  and  history  as  Theodore  S. 
Parvin.     He  died  at  his  home  at  Cedar  Rapids,  June  28,  1901. 

WILLIAM  PATTERSON  was  born  in  Wythe  County,  Virginia,  March 
9,  1802,  and  when  four  years  of  age  his  father  removed  into  the  forest 
of  Adair  County,  Kentucky.  With  no  schools  in  the  vicinity  the  son  had 
little  chance  to  acquire  an  education.  In  1836  he  took  up  his  residence 
at  West  Point  in  Lee  County,  two  years  before  the  organization  of  Iowa 
Territory.  In  1838  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  First  Legislative  As- 
sembly and  reelected  repeatedly,  serving  in  the  Second,  Fourth,  Fifth, 
Sixth  and  Eighth  Territorial  Legislatures;  four  terms  in  the  House  and 
two  in  the  Council.  He  was  appointed  by  Governor  Lucas  colonel  of  a 
regiment  raised  to  defend  the  territory  in  the  Missouri  boundary  war  and 
was  one  of  the  commissioners  chosen  by  the  Legislature  to  secure  a  peace- 
able settlement  of  that  controversy.  He  removed  to  Keokuk  in  an  early  day 
where  he  served  as  postmaster  and  mayor  of  the  city.  In  1857  he  was  a 
member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  present  Constitution  of  tho 
State.  In  1864  he  was  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents  of  the  National  Demo- 
cratic Convention  which  nominated  General  McClellan  for  President.  Colo- 
nel Patterson  was  for  more  than  fifty  years  a  citizen  of  Lee  County. 
As  a  pioneer  lawmaker  he  served  in  six  legislatures  and  one  Constitu- 
tional Convention.  He  was  a  Democrat  and  although  not  a  public  speaker, 
had  great  influence  in  the  councils  of  his  party,  as  he  also  had  as  a 
legislator.     He  died  on  the  23d  of  October,  1889. 

EMLEN  G.  PENROSE  was  born  at  Chesterfield,  Ohio,  August  22,  1844, 
and  was  educated  in  the  district  schools  of  his  native  State.  He  came  to 
Iowa  in  1860  where  he  worked  on  a  farm  and  taught  school.  He  at- 
tended the  State  University  several  terms  and  in  1868  located  at  Tama 
City  where  he  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business.  He  was  for  several 
years  a  resident  of  Grand  Junction  where  he  carried  on  the  hardware, 
agricultural  implement  and  grain  trade.  In  1872  he  returned  to  Tama 
City  and  opened  a  hardware  store,  and  has  been  member  of  the  city  council 
and  mayor  of  the  city.  In  1893  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket 
to  the  State  Senate  from  the  district  consisting  of  the  counties  of  Benton 
and  Tama,  where  he  served  in  the  Twenty-fifth,  Twenty-sixth,  Twenty- 
seventh  and  Twenty-eighth  General  Assemblies,  and  was  chairman  of  the 


212  HISTORY 


committee  on  railroads.      In   1900  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican 
National  Convention  at  Philadelphia. 

CHARLES  E.  PERKINS  is  a  native  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he 
was  born  November  24,  1810.  Receiving  his  early  education  in  his  native 
city,  at  the  age  of  sixteen  he  came  to  Burlington,  Iowa,  and  in  1859 
secured  a  clerkship  in  the  office  of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  Railroad 
Company.  He  was  soon  promoted  to  paymaster,  holding  that  position 
until  1860  when  he  became  assistant  treasurer  of  the  company.  In  1865 
he  became  superintendent  and  during  the  construction  of  the  road  to  the 
Missouri  River,  he  also  served  as  vice-president.  He  continued  to  act 
as  director  of  the  Nebraska  and  Iowa  division  and  as  vice-president  of 
the  former  company  until  the  consolidation  with  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy.  In  1875  Mr.  Perkins  was  chosen  director  of  the  Burlington  road 
and  the  following  year  became  vice-president,  still  retaining  the  vice- 
presidency  and  general  management  of  the  road  west  of  the  Missouri. 
In  May  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri 
River  in  Iowa.  The  road  in  Nebraska  being  consolidated  with  the  C.  B. 
&,  Q.  in  1880,  Mr.  Perkins  remained  vice-president  of  the  entire  system 
until  1881  when  he  was  chosen  president.  He  has  been  reelected  each 
term  until  he  is  now  serving  his  twenty-second  year  in  that  capacity.  Mr. 
Perkins  is  also  a  director  and  president  of  tne  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph,  and 
the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  railroads. 

GEORGE  D.  PERKINS  was  born  at  Holly,  Orleans  County,  New  York, 
February  29,  1840.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  common  schools 
and  printing  office.  In  1860  he  came  to  Iowa  locating  at  Cedar  Falls, 
where  with  a  brother  he  established  the  Cedar  Falls  Gazette,  which  soon 
became  one  of  the  best  weekly  papers  in  the  State.  In  1866  he  sold  the 
Gazette  and  removed  to  Chicago,  but  returning  to  Iowa  the  brothers 
located  at  Sioux  City  where  they  established  the  Sioux  City  Journal. 
Under  their  management  it  soon  acquired  a  wide  circulation  in  north- 
western Iowa,  eastern  Nebraska  and  Dakota;  and  as  soon  as  the  com- 
munity demanded  a  daily,  a  morning  edition  was  issued  which  kept  pace 
with  the  development  of  that  part  of  the  country.  Mr.  Perkins  was  an 
active  Republican,  generally  attending  the  State  conventions  of  the  party 
and  often  writing  the  platforms.  He  was  a  delegate  from  Iowa  to  the 
National  Republican  Conventions  of  1876,  1880  and  1888.  Under  the 
administration  of  Governor  Gear,  he  held  the  position  of  Commissioner 
of  Immigration  for  Iowa.  In  1873  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate, 
representing  nine  counties  in  the  Fifteenth  and  Sixteenth  General  As- 
semblies. Under  the  administration  of  President  Arthur,  Mr.  Perkins 
served  as  United  States  Marshal  for  the  Northern  District  of  Iowa.  In 
1890  he  was  elected  Representative  in  Congress  for  the  Eleventh  District 


GEORGE    D.    PERKINS 


-<  w 


OF  IOWA  213 

and  was  three  times  reelected,  serving  from  1891  to  1899.  His  most  en- 
during work  is  in  journalism  where  he  has  long  ranked  among  the  ablest 
writers  in  the  northwest.  The  Daily  Sioux  City  Journal  under  his  direc- 
tion has  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  been  one  of  the  most  influential  and 
ably  conducted  newspapers  Iowa  has  ever  had. 

WILLIAM  B.  PERRIN  was  born  at  Berlin,  Vermont,  January  19, 
1839.  His  education  began  in  the  public  school  and  was  continued  in  Barre 
Academy  and  Dartmouth  College.  His  studies  were  interrupted  by  en- 
listment in  the  First  Rhode  Island  Cavalry,  Company  B,  composed  for  the 
most  part  of  college  students.  The  company  was  attached  to  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  and  saw  service  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  the  Antietam 
campaign  and  at  Harper's  Ferry.  Mr.  Per r in  later  enlisted  in  the  Third 
Vermont  Light  Battery,  was  in  the  campaign  from  the  Wilderness  to 
Petersburg  and  at  the  surrender  of  the  Confederate  army  under  General 
Lee  at  Appomattox.  After  the  war  Mr.  Perrin  continued  his  studies  at 
Dartmouth,  graduating  in  1866.  He  took  a  course  of  lectures  at  the  Al- 
bany Law  School  in  1866-7,  came  to  Iowa  and  entered  the  law  office  of 
Tracy  and  Newman  at  Burlington.  In  1868  he  located  at  Nashua,  in 
Chickasaw  County  which  became  his  permanent  home.  He  is  a  veteran 
legislator,  having  served  in  the  House  of  the  Seventeenth  and  Eighteenth 
General  Assemblies,  and  in  the  Senate  of  the  Twenty-fifth,  Twenty-sixth, 
Twenty- seventh  and  Twenty-eighth  General  Assemblies. 

THEODORE  B.  PERRY  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  April  1,  1832, 
and  acquired  his  education  in  the  common  schools  of  that  city.  He  came 
to  Iowa  in  1850,  locating  at  Burlington.  For  several  years  he  taught  school 
in  the  counties  of  Wapello,  Polk,  Warren,  Madison  and  Monroe.  During 
these  years  he  read  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Albia  in  1854. 
This  became  his  permanent  home  where  he  has  since  followed  his  pro- 
fession. He  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  of  Monroe  County  in  1854. 
In  1858  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  serving 
three  terms,  or  during  the  entire  period  of  its  existence.  Among  his 
colleagues  on  the  board,  he  was  associated  with  Governor  Ralph  P.  Lowe, 
Samuel  J.  Kirkwood,  Nicholas  J.  Rusch,  Oran  Faville  and  John  R.  Need- 
ham.  In  1891  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  the  district  con- 
sisting of  the  counties  of  Monroe  and  Marion,  serving  in  the  Twenty-fourth 
and  Twenty-fifth  General  Assemblies.  He  was  an  influential  member  of 
the  Senate  and  the  author  of  some  of  the  most  important  legislation 
during  his  term  of  service.  Mr.  Perry  has  been  a  life-long  Democrat  and 
one  of  the  trusted  leaders  of  his  party  in  Iowa. 

JOSIAH  L.  PICKARD,  educator,  was  born  at  Rowley,  Massachusetts, 
March  17,  1824.  His  education  was  completed  at  Bowdoin  College.  His 
career  as  an  educator  began  in  1849  when  he  taught  in  the  Teachers'  Insti- 


214  HISTORY 


tute  at  Dubuque.  From  there  he  went  to  Plattsville,  Wisconsin,  where 
he  was  principal  of  an  academy  for  many  years.  In  1859  he  was  elected 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  for  Wisconsin,  serving  six  years.  In 
1864  he  was  chosen  superintendent  of  schools  in  Chicago  where  he  re- 
mained thirteen  years,  accomplishing  much  in  the  organization  and  unifi- 
cation of  the  system.  In  1878  he  was  elected  President  of  the  Iowa  State 
University,  serving  until  1887. 

"  In  his  educational  work  Dr.  Pickard  emphasized  the  acquisition  of 
knowledge,  not  for  its  own  sake,  but  for  the  sake  of  life  and  character.  He 
led  the  young  to  seize  upon  ideals  and  to  hold  and  cherish  them." 

In  1894  Bowdoin  College  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  Dr. 
Pickard  was  for  some  time  president  of  the  State  Historical  Society  and 
contributed  many  valuable  papers  for  the  Historical  Record  and  the  An- 
nals of  Iowa,  in  addition  to  those  for  educational  works.  In  1900  he  re- 
moved to  Portland,  Maine. 

CHARLES  POMEROY  was  born  in  Meriden,  Connecticut,  September 
3,  1825.  He  received  a  good  education,  studied  law  and  began  practice 
in  his  native  town.  In  1855  he  came  to  Iowa  and  located  at  Boonesboro, 
in  Boone  County.  The  people  of  that  frontier  settlement  were  poor  and 
peaceable  and  there  was  little  business  for  lawyers.  Mr.  Pomeroy  was 
an  active  Republican  and  being  an  eloquent  public  speaker  soon  became 
well  known.  In  1860  he  was  one  of  the  presidential  electors  and  when 
Lincoln  became  President,  Mr.  Pomeroy  was  appointed  Receiver  of  the 
United  States  Land  Office  at  Fort  Dodge.  In  1868  he  was  the  Republican 
candidate  for  Congress  in  the  old  Sixth  District  and  was  elected.  He  served 
but  one  term,  being  defeated  for  renomination.  He  remained  in  Wash- 
ington, becoming  a  claim  agent  and  died  there  February  11,  1890. 

ASBURY  B.  PORTER  was  born  in  the  State  of  Kentucky,  in  the  year 
1808.  He  removed  to  Iowa,  making  his  home  at  Mount  Pleasant  where 
he  was  engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  when  the  Civil  War  began. 
He  first  entered  the  service  as  major  of  the  First  Iowa  Infantry,  serving 
with  distinguished  ability  at  the  Battle  of  Wilson's  Creek.  In  October. 
1861,  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Fourth  Iowa  Cavalry  and  served  until 
the  8th  of  March  when  he  was  dismissed  from  the  service  by  order  of  the 
President.  The  cause  of  his  dismissal  is  not  given  in  the  published  re- 
ports of  the  Adjutant  General's  Office. 

JOSEPH  B.  POWERS  was  born  in  Worcester,  New  York,  in  1837.  He 
was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Mexico  Seminary.  He  studied 
law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  in  1880  came  to  Iowa.  He  was  city 
attorney  for  Cedar  Falls,  and  in  1865  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
on  the  Republican  ticket,   serving  in  the  Eleventh  and  Twelfth  General 


OF  IOWA  215 


Assemblies,  and  as  chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee  in  the  session  of 
1868.  At  the  close  of  his  term  in  the  Senate  Mr.  Powers  was  elected  Dis- 
trict Attorney  for  the  Ninth  Judicial  District,  serving  by  reelections  for 
ten  years. 

ALFRED  N.  POYNEER  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  1831  where  he 
was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  his  early  education.  In  1861  he  re- 
moved to  Iowa,  locating  on  a  farm  in  Tama  County  where  the  remainder 
of  his  life  was  spent.  He  took  an  active  interest  in  public  affairs  and 
was  a  member  of  the  Republican  party.  In  1881  he  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  from  the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of  Tama  and 
Poweshiek.  He  served  in  this  position  for  eight  years  and  was  one  of 
the  influential  members  of  that  body.  In  1889  he  was  the  Republican 
candidate  for  Lieutenant-Governor  and  was  elected,  while  his  associate  on 
the  ticket  for  Governor  was  defeated.  After  serving  two  years  as  Presi- 
dent of  the  Senate,  Governor  Poyneer  Avas  appointed  one  of  the  commis- 
sioners to  revise  the  revenue  laws  of  the  State.  He  died  at  Montour, 
August  28,  1897. 

GILBERT  B.  PRAY  was  born  at  Michigan  City,  Indiana,  April  27, 
1847.  His  father  located  at  Webster  City,  Iowa,  in  1856,  where  the  son  re- 
ceived his  education  in  the  public  schools.  He  enlisted  in  the  Sixteenth 
Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry  in  1864,  participated  in  the  Battle  of  Nashville 
and  in  General  Sherman's  campaigns.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  entered 
the  law  office  of  Judge  D.  D.  Chase,  pursuing  his  studies  three  years  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1868,  then  entering  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  In  1882  he  was  elected  Clerk  of  the  Supreme  Court,  holding 
the  position  for  twelve  years  by  successive  reelections.  He  served  many 
years  on  the  Republican  State  Central  Committee,  and  was  twice  chair- 
man, conducting  important  political  campaigns  successfully.  In  1886 
in  association  with  Ex-Governor  Frank  D.  Jackson  and  Sidney  A.  Foster 
and  other  gentlemen,  he  assisted  in  organizing  the  Royal  Mutual  Union 
Life  Insurance  Company  at  Des  Moines,  of  which  he  was  chosen  treasurer. 
In  1897  he  was  appointed  by  President  McKinley  Surveyor-General  of 
Alaska,  but  declined.  He  was  soon  after  appointed  a  special  agent  of  the 
Indian  Bureau  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  the  office. 

HENRY  O.  PRATT  was  born  in  Foxcroft,  Maine,  February  11,  1838. 
He  was  educated  at  the  academy  of  his  native  village  and  at  Harvard, 
where  he  graduated  in  the  Law  Department.  Mr.  Pratt  removed  to  Iowa 
in  1862,  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Union  army  and  served  through  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion.  He  returned  to  Charles  City  where  he  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  law.  In  1868  he  was  elected  to  the  Iowa  Legislature 
on  the  Republican  ticket  and  reelected  at  the  close  of  his  first  term.     He 


216  HISTORY 


won  high  reputation  in  the  General  Assembly  and  in  1873  was  nominated 
by  the  Republicans  for  Representative  in  Congress  for  the  Fourth  Dis- 
trict. He  was  elected,  serving  two  terms.  Soon  after  the  expiration  of  his 
last  session  he  entered  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
and  has  attained  eminence  in  that  profession. 

ISAAC  M.  PRESTON  was  born  in  Bennington,  Vermont,  April  25, 
1813.  His  father  was  a  soldier  in  the  War  of  the  Revolution.  The  son 
came  to  Iowa  in  1842,  locating  at  Marion  in  Linn  County,  where  he  began 
to  practice  law.  In  December,  1845,  he  was  appointed  District  Attorney, 
serving  two  years.  In  February,  1846,  he  was  commissioned  colonel  to 
organize  troops  for  the  Mexican  War.  He  was  probate  judge  of  Linn 
County  for  four  years.  In  1847  he  was  appointed  by  President  Polk  United 
States  District  Attorney  for  Iowa.  In  1850  he  was  elected  to  the  House 
of  the  Third  General  Assembly  and  after  serving  one  term  was  elected 
to  the  Senate,  where  for  four  years,  in  the  Fourth  and  Fifth  General  As- 
semblies, he  was  a  prominent  legislator.  He  took  an  active  part  in  the 
enactment  of  the  Code  of  1851  and  the  important  legislation  of  those  early 
sessions.  Mr.  Preston  ranked  high,  both  as  a  lawyer  and  lawmaker.  He 
was  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Democratic  party  of  the  State. 

HIRAM  PRICE  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Pennsylvania,  Janu- 
ary 10,  1810.  He  worked  on  his  father's  farm  in  boyhood,  attending  school 
during  the  winter  months.  He  was  a  great  reader,  borrowing  books  of 
neighbors  and  thus  acquiring  an  education.  In  1844  he  removed  to  Iowa, 
locating  in  Davenport,  where  he  opened  a  store.  In  1847  he  was  chosen 
School  Fund  Commissioner  and  a  year  later  was  elected  recorder  and 
treasurer  of  Scott  County,  holding  the  position  eight  years.  Mr.  Price 
was  a  radical  advocate  of  temperance  and  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
order  of  "  The  Sons  of  Temperance."  He  was  one  of  the  framers  of  the 
first  bill  for  the  prohibition  of  the  liquor  traffic  in  the  State,  which  was 
enacted  Into  law  by  the  Fifth  General  Assembly  in  1854.  He  was  the 
editor  of  the  Temperance  Organ,  a  State  paper  devoted  to  prohibition.  He 
had  been  a  Democrat  in  politics  up  to  the  time  of  the  attempt  to  force 
slavery  into  Kansas  when  he  left  that  party  and  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers and  founders  of  the  Republican  party  of  Iowa.  Upon  the  enact- 
ment of  the  State  Bank  Law,  Mr.  Price  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the 
Davenport  branch  and  was  the  second  president  of  the  State  Bank  officers. 
When  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  began  he  assisted  in  raising  the  money 
to  enable  Governor  Kirkwood  to  equip  the  first  two  Iowa  regiments.  He  was 
the  first  paymaster  of  Iowa  troops  and  was  untiring  in  his  support  and 
assistance  to  the  Governor  in  raising  men  and  money  to  meet  the  calls  of 
the  President.  In  1862  he  was  elected  by  the  Republicans  of  the  Second 
District  to  Congress  and  for  six  years  was  one  of  the  ablest  members  of  the 


OF  IOWA  217 


House.  He  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  most  energetic  war  measures 
and  of  legislation  to  strengthen  the  credit  of  the  Government.  Mr.  Price 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home.  In  1876  he  was 
agaia  elected  to  Congress  and  served  until  1880.  In  1881  Mr.  Price  was 
appointed  by  the  President  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs,  in  which  posi- 
tion he  served  with  distinguished  ability  for  four  years.  He  made  many 
reforms  where  abuses  had  grown  up  in  dealing  with  the  Indians.  He  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  in  railroad  building  in  Iowa.  In  1853,  when  the  first 
railroad  was  being  built  from  Chicago  toward  Iowa,  Mr.  Price  was 
chosen  to  traverse  the  counties  on  the  projected  line  through  the  State 
to  the  Missouri  River  to  create  an  interest  among  the  people  and  towns. 
In  1869  when  a  railroad  was  projected  from  Davenport  in  a  north- 
westerly direction  Hiram  Price  was  elected  president  of  the  company 
which  constructed  the  road.  One  of  his  last  public  acts  before  removing 
to  Washington  was  to  endow  a  free  reading  room  in  the  public  library  of 
Davenport,  his  old  home.  He  was  a  life-long  and  prominent  member  of 
the  Methodist  Church.     He  died  in  Washington,  D.  C,  May  30,  1901. 

SOLOMON  F.  PROUTY  was  born  in  Delaware,  Ohio,  January  17,  1854, 
and  came  with  his  parents  to  Iowa  in  1855.  They  located  at  Knoxville, 
in  Marion  County,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  He  was  educated  at  the 
Central  University  at  Pella  and  at  Simpson  College  at  Indianola.  He 
taught  school  for  several  years  and  when  twenty-three  years  of  age  became 
Professor  of  Latin  in  the  Central  University,  serving  in  that  position 
four  years.  In  1879  Mr.  Prouty  was  elected  a  member  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  of  the  Eighteenth  General  Assembly,  Removing  to  Des 
Moines  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  and  in  1898  was  elected  judge 
of  the  District  Court.  In  1902  Judge  Prouty  was  a  prominent  candidate 
for  Congress  in  the  Seventh  District. 

WILLIAM  H.  M.  PUSEY  was  born  in  Washington  County,  Pennsyl- 
vania, July  29,  1826.  He  graduated  from  Washington  and  Jefferson  Col- 
lege in  1847  and  came  to  Springfield,  Illinois,  where  he  studied  law  and 
became  personally  acquainted  with  Abraham  Lincoln,  who  was  then  prac- 
ticing law  in  that  city  but  had  at  that  time  attained  no  prominence  out- 
side of  the  region  in  which  he  lived.  In  1856  Mr.  Pusey  became  a  resi- 
dent at  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  where  he  entered  into  the  banking  business 
with  his  brother-in-law,  Thomas  Officer.  Theirs  was  one  of  the  pioneer 
banks  of  western  Iowa  and  was  continued  until  the  death  of  Mr.  Officer  in 
1900.  In  1857  Mr.  Pusey  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  for  the  Twelfth 
District  which  embraced  twenty-two  counties  of  western  Iowa.  He  served 
in  the  Senate  four  years.  In  1882  he  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for 
Representative  in  Congress  from  the  Ninth  District  and  was  elected  over 
Colonel  Anderson  the  Republican  candidate,  serving  two  years.     Mr.  Pusey 


218  HISTORY 


was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association  and  was 
a  life-long  Democrat.     He  died  on  the  15th  of  November,  1900. 

JOHN  W.  RANKIN  was  born  on  the  llth  of  June,  1823,  and  was  a 
native  of  the  State  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Washington 
College  and  after  teaching  a  few  years,  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  and  began  practice  in  Wooster  in  partnership  with  Judge  Sloan.. 
He  came  to  Iowa  in  1848,  locating  at  Keokuk,  where  he  practiced  his  pro- 
fession. In  April,  1857,  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  First  Judicial  Dis- 
trict to  fill  a  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Judge  Ralph  P. 
Lowe.  In  October  of  the  same  year  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate 
on  the  Republican  ticket  for  a  term  of  four  years.  At  the  beginning  of 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion  he  was  appointed  Quartermaster  of  United  States 
Volunteers.  In  the  winter  of  1861-2  he  was  authorized  to  raise  a  regi- 
ment of  volunteers  and  in  a  little  more  than  a  month  had  enlisted  a  regi- 
ment, which  was  mustered  into  the  service  as  the  Seventeenth  Iowa  In- 
fantry. Rankin  was  commissioned  by  Governor  Kirkwood  colonel  of  the 
regiment  and  it  at  once  entered  the  service.  Colonel  Rankin  was  wounded 
at  the  Battle  of  luka  and  resigned  in  September,  1862. 

LEVI  B.  RAYMOND,  soldier,  journalist  and  politician,  was  born  in 
Allegany  County,  New  York,  on  the  3d  of  July,  1836.  His  parents  re- 
moved to  Wisconsin  where  he  spent  his  boyhood  years  acquiring  an  educa- 
tion at  Beloit  College.  He  learned  the  printer's  trade  and  came  to  Iowa 
in  1864,  locating  at  Hampton.  Mr.  Raymond  became  editor  and  publisher 
of  the  Hampton  Recorder  in  18G7  and,  with  the  exception  of  four  years, 
from  1872  to  1876,  has  continued  to  publish  that  paper  up  to  the  close  of 
the  Nineteenth  Century.  During  this  period  of  four  years  Mr.  Raymond 
was  instrumental  in  establishing  weekly  papers  in  the  northwest  portion 
of  the  State.  The  new  towms  desiring  newspapers,  Mr.  Raymond,  pioneer- 
like, undertook  to  supply  the  demand.  The  papers  established  by  Mr. 
Raymond  from  1872  to  1875  were  the  Sheldon  Mail,  Cherokee  Leader, 
Sioux  County  Herald,  O'Brien  Pioneer,  Newell  Mirror  and  Doon  Republi- 
can. Colonel  Raymond  nas  been  superintendent  of  schools,  a  trustee  of 
the  Clarinda  Insane  Asylum,  also  of  the  Soldiers'  Home  at  Marshalltown, 
where  he  was  instrumental  in  establishing  the  cottage  system  whereby  the 
wives  and  widows  might  receive  the  benefits  of  that  institution  as  well 
as  the  disabled  and  infirm  Union  soldiers.  He  has  been  an  active  Republi- 
can during  his  entire  residence  in  Iowa,  having  served  as  a  delegate  in 
thirty-three  State  Conventions  and  was  chairman  of  the  Republican  com- 
mittee of  Franklin  County  for  thirteen  years.  From  1883  to  1886  he  was 
Special  Examiner  of  the  United  States  Pension  Department  and  postmaster 
of  Hampton  from  1889  to  1894.  He  served  two  years  on  theRepublican  State 
Central  Committee.     Before  coming  to  Iowa  and  when  a  young  man,  Mr. 


OF  IOWA  219 


Raymond  was  in  the  Union  army,  serving  as  sergeant  in  the  Sixth  Wis- 
consin Infantry.  He  was  for  fifteen  years  a  member  of  the  Iowa  National 
Guard,  serving  in  all  grades  up  to  and  including  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 
colonel. 

WILBUR  A.  REASER,  figure  and  portrait  painter,  was  born  at 
Antwerp,  Ohio,  in  1860.  He  came  to  Iowa  with  his  father's  family  in 
1866,  locating  at  Homer,  in  Hamilton  County.  Mr.  Reaser  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  of  Fort  Dodge  and  when  eighteen  tauglit  music  and 
made  crayon  portraits.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  removed  to  Oakland, 
California,  and  studied  in  the  art  schools  of  San  Francisco  for  four  years, 
supporting  himself  by  teaching  music  for  which  he  had  decided  talent. 
About  1887  Mr.  Reaser  went  to  Europe  where  he  spent  nearly  ten  years 
in  the  study  of  art.  Since  returning  to  America  he  has  made  his  home  at 
Rockland  Lake,  New  York.  His  most  noted  picture  is  "  Mother  and  Child  " 
for  which  he  received  the  first  Hallgarten  prize  in  New  York,  and  which 
was  afterwards  purchased  by  Andrew  Carnegie  for  the  permanent  collec- 
tion at  Pittsburg.  Mr.  Reaser  has  painted  a  number  of  Iowa  landscapes 
and  of  late  many  portraits  of  Iowa  people. 

JOSEPH  R.  REED  was  born  in  Ashland  County,  Ohio,  March  12, 
1835.  He  was  educated  at  Hayesville  Academy,  studied  law  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  and,  in  1857,  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Adel  where 
he  practiced  his  profession.  W^hen  the  Civil  War  began  he  helped  to  or- 
ganize the  Second  Battery  of  Light  Artillery  in  which  he  served  to  the 
close  of  the  war.  In  1865  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  from  the 
Twenty-first  District  composed  of  the  counties  of  Madison,  Adair,  Guthrie 
and  Dallas.  He  served  four  years  and  in  1872  was  chosen  judge  of  the 
District  Court  where  he  served  twelve  years  until  he  was  elected  on  the 
Republican  ticket  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court.  He  was  Chief  Justice  in 
1889  and  resigned  that  place  to  accept  a  nomination  for  Congress  in  the 
Ninth  District.  Judge  Reed  was  elected,  serving  one  term.  In  1891, 
upon  the  establishment  of  the  Court  of  Private  Land  Claims,  Judge  Reed 
was   appointed  by  President  Harrison  Chief  Justice  of  the  Court. 

HUGH  T.  REID  was  born  in  Union  County,  Indiana,  on  the  8th  of 
October,  1811.  He  received  a  liberal  education,  graduating  from  Indiana 
College  in  18.37.  He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  removed 
to  Keokuk  in  1843,  where  he  began  practice.  Soon  after  the  beginning  of 
the  Civil  War  he  began  to  enlist  volunteers  for  a  new  regiment.  In 
February,  1862.  the  Fifteenth  Regiment  was  organized  and  Reid  was 
appointed  colonel.  His  regiment  arrived  on  the  field  of  Shiloh  after  the 
battle  had  begun  and  was  at  once  hurried  into  the  thickest  of  the  fight. 
It  made  a  gallant    struggle    but    was  overborne  by  numbers  and  finally 


220  HISTORY 


forced  to  retreat,  losing  nearly  two  hundred  men.  Upon  the  recom- 
mendation of  General  Grant,  Colonel  Reid  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
Brigadier-General  soon  after  the  battle.  He  served  until  the  spring  of 
1864,  when  he  resigned.  He  was  for  many  years  engaged  in  building  the 
Des  Moines  Valley  Railroad  from  Keokuk  to  Fort  Dodge. 

ROBERT  G.  REINIGER  is  a  native  of  Seneca  County,  Ohio,  where 
he  was  born  April  12,  1835.  He  was  reared  on  his  father's  farm  and  at- 
tended district  school.  At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  began  the  study  of  law 
at  Tiffin,  at  the  same  time  taking  a  college  course.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  in  1856  and  the  following  year  came  west  and  located  at  Charles 
City  in  Floyd  County,  Iowa,  where  he  formed  a  partnership  with  his 
brother  in  the  practice  of  law.  In  1861  Mr.  Reiniger  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany B,  Seventh  Iowa  Volunteers  and  became  first  lieutenant.  He  par- 
ticipated in  the  battles  of  Belmont,  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson,  Shiloh, 
Corinth,  luka  and  was  in  the  campaign  against  Atlanta.  He  was  pro- 
moted to  captain  in  1862.  He  was  appointed  by  Governor  Merrill  in  1870 
judge  of  the  Twelfth  Judicial  Circuit  and  served  by  reflections  until 
1884.  In  1885  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  for  the  district  com- 
posed of  the  counties  of  Floyd  and  Chickasaw,  serving  in  the  Twenty-first, 
Twenty-second  and  by  reflection  in  the  Twenty-third  and  Twenty-fourth 
General  Assemblies  where  he  was  one  of  the  most  influential  members. 
Mr.  Reiniger  was  one  of  the  few  public  oflficials  who  refused  to  compro- 
mise himself  by  the  acceptance  of  railroad  passes  during  his  continuance 
in  the  public  service. 

MILTON  REMLEY  was  born  in  Lewisburg,  West  Virginia,  October 
12,  1844.  His  father  came  to  Iowa  with  his  family  in  1855,  making  his 
home  in  Johnson  County,  where  the  son  worked  on  his  father's  farm  until 
he  entered  the  State  University,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1867  with 
the  degree  of  A.B.  and  in  1872  he  received  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts. 
He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  removing  to  Anamosa  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  law.  In  1874  he  returned  to  Iowa  City  which  has  since  been 
his  home.  In  1888  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Conven- 
tion, and  in  1890  was  a  presidential  elector  for  the  State  at  large.  In 
1894  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republican  State  Convention  for  Attorney- 
General  and  was  elected  and  twice  reelected,  serving  six  years.  The  Code 
of  1897  was  adopted  during  his  term,  making  many  changes  in  the  laws 
and  his  office  was  consequently  one  of  great  importance  in  passing  upon 
new  statutes.  He  conducted  suits  on  behalf  of  the  State  of  general  public 
interest  in  cases  of  reclaimed  lake  beds,  which  were  taken  to  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  The  acts  providing  for  an  inheritance  tax 
and  the  creation  of  the  State  Board  of  Control  were  passed  during  Gen- 
eral Remley's  term  and  he  was  frequently  called  upon  to  construe  these 


OF  IOWA  221 


laws.     He  was  for  four  years  president  of  the  Iowa  Baptist  Convention, 
and  later  president  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Des  Moines  College. 

ELLIOTT  W.  RICE,  a  brother  of  Greneral  Samuel  A.  Rice,  was  born 
on  the  16th  of  November,  1835,  at  Pittsburg,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  a 
graduate  of  Franklin  College,  Ohio,  and  took  the  law  course  at  the  Albany 
Law  School.  In  1855  he  came  to  Iowa  and  entered  into  partnership  with 
his  brother  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Oskaloosa.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
Civil  War  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Seventh  Iowa  Volunteers  and  rose 
rapidly  through  successive  promotions  to  the  rank  of  colonel  and  upon  the 
promotion  of  Lauman  to  Brigadier-General,  Rice  succeeded  him  in  com- 
mand of  the  Seventh  Regiment.  At  the  Battle  of  Belmont  the  command  of 
the  regiment  devolved  upon  Rice  at  the  most  critical  period  of  the  con- 
flict and  his  superb  gallantry  won  him  his  promotion.  He  was  in  the 
battles  of  Fort  Donelson,  Shiloh,  luka  and  Corinth.  Colonel  Rice  com- 
manded a  brigade  in  Sherman's  march  to  the  sea  and  on  the  20th  of  June, 
1864,  he  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General. 

SAI^IUEL  A.  RICE  was  bom  in  Cattaraugus  County,  New  York,  on 
the  27th  of  January,  1828.  His  boyhood  was  spent  in  Pennsylvania  and 
Ohio.  He  graduated  at  the  seminary  at  Wheeling,  Virginia,  and  the  State 
University  of  Ohio.  He  took  two  years'  instruction  in  a  law  school  and 
in  1850  located  at  Fairfield,  Iowa,  where  he  opened  a  law  office.  In  1852 
he  removed  to  Oskaloosa  and  entered  into  partnership  with  E.  W.  East- 
man, where  a  large  practice  was  built  up.  In  1856  Mr.  Rice  was  a  delegate 
to  the  famous  convention  at  Iowa  City  which  organized  the  Republican 
party  of  Iowa  and  was  the  Republican  candidate  for  Attorney-General.  He 
was  elected  and  reelected  for  a  second  term  in  1858,  serving  four  years. 
In  August,  1862,  Mr.  Rice  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Thirty-third  Iowa 
Infantry  and  soon  after  entered  upon  active  military  duties  in  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion.  He  commanded  a  brigade  in  the  Battle  of  Helena  and 
was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General.  His  command  was  in  General  Steele's 
expedition  through  Arkansas  and  Louisiana  in  1864  and  during  the  re- 
treat did  excellent  service  at  the  Battle  of  Jenkins  Ferry,  where  General 
Rice  was  mortally  wounded.  He  was  taken  home  where  he  died  on  the 
6th  of  July,  1864,  greatly  lamented  by  the  people  of  Iowa. 

A.  P.  RICHARDSON,  one  of  the  notable  journalists  of  northern 
Iowa,  was  born  in  Philadelphia,  May  28,  1818.  His  first  occupation  was 
school  teaching  which  he  followed  in  northern  Indiana  for  several  years. 
He  there  became  prominent  as  a  newspaper  correspondent  winning  a 
reputation  as  one  of  the  brightest  writers  in  the  State.  He  was  appointed 
colonel  of  the  State  Militia,  and  later  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  of 
Indiana,  where  he  became  conspicuous  for  battling  against  various  frauds 


222  HISTORY 


and  corruptions  attempted  in  the  Legislature.  At  the  expiration  of  his 
term,  he  removed  to  McGregor,  Iowa,  where  on  the  10th  of  October,  1856, 
he  established  the  North  loica  Times  in  the  midst  of  the  presidential  cam- 
paign, supporting  James  Buchanan  against  John  C.  Fremont.  In  1861, 
having  associated  with  him  a  Republican  partner  in  the  editorial  work. 
Colonel  Richardson  announced  that  the  Times  would  henceforth  be  inde- 
pendent in  politics.  During  the  war  it  was  loyal  to  the  Union  cause 
although  in  1863  Colonel  Richardson  again  made  his  paper  the  exponent 
of  the  principles  of  the  Democratic  party.  One  long  associated  with  him  in 
editorial  work,  wrote  thus  of  Colonel  Richardson's  journalism: 

"  He  was  acknowledged  by  his  rivals  to  have  been  one  of  the  most 
popular  editors  in  the  State  of  Iowa.  His  style  was  pithy,  terse  and  ex- 
pressive, and  spiced  as  he  only  could  make  it.  Upon  subjects  requiring  pro- 
found thought  and  deep  research,  he  would  lead  his  readers  from  sentence  to 
sentence  by  an  irresistible  fascination  with  his  pen  pictures.  .  .  .  For 
this  he  had  a  faculty  which  few  possess  of  turning  the  sheet  and  flinging 
off  columns  of  the  most  brilliant  wit  and  mirth  which  sparkled  as  diamonds 
in  the  sunlight,  or,  without  apparent  labor  deal  in  the  most  withering 
sarcasm." 

Colonel  Richardson  died  in  December,  1870;  and  his  early  death 
brought  eloquent  tributes  from  the  press  of  Iowa,  Indiana,  Wisconsin  and 
Illinois ;  so  widely  had  his  fame  as  a  journalist  extended. 


DAVID  N.  RICHARDSON  was  born  in  Orange,  Vermont,  March  19, 
1832.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  completed  his  education  with  two 
terms  at  an  academy.  He  taught  when  eighteen  years  of  age  and 
later  entered  a  printing  office  in  Illinois  where  he  learned  the  trade.  In 
1854  he  came  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  where,  in  company  with  James  T.  Hil- 
dreth  and  George  R.  West  he  purchased  the  Democratic  newspaper  estab- 
ishment  and  began  the  publication  of  the  daily  loica  State  Democrat. 
Here  for  nearly  forty  years  Mr.  Richardson  was  engaged  in  conducting 
one  of  the  foremost  newspapers  of  Iowa.  He  was  for  many  years  a  regent 
of  the  State  University  and  was  untiring  in  his  eflForts  to  make  that  the 
foremost  educational  institution  in  the  State.  He  was  also  one  of  the 
original  members  of  the  State  Commission  to  plan  and  erect  the  Iowa 
Soldiers'  Monument,  serving  until  the  work  was  completed.  During  the 
period  of  eighteen  years  during  which  Mr.  Richardson  was  a  regent  of  the 
State  University  he  was  one  of  its  most  intelligent  and  effective  pro- 
moters. It  was  an  often  expressed  desire  of  his  to  live  to  see  our  State 
University  equal  to  any  in  America.  That  institution  never  had  a  more 
devoted  friend  or  more  useful  officer.  ^Ir.  Richardson  Avas  a  graceful  and 
accomplished  writer  and  one  of  the  ablest  of  Iowa  editors.  He  became  an 
extensive  traveler  in  foreign  countries  and  his  letters  descriptive  of  the 
lands  and  cities  visited  were  of  absorbing  interest.     His  acquaintance  with 


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OF  IOWA  223 


the  public  men  of  Iowa  was  very  wide  and  although  he  was  a  lifelong 
Democrat  and  an  active  and  influential  leader  in  his  party  for  more  than 
forty  years,  he  won  and  retained  the  confidence  and  personal  friendship  of 
his  political  opponents  everywhere.    He  died  on  the  4th  of  July,  1898. 

JACOB  S.  RICHMAN  was  born  at  Somerset,  Ohio,  on  the  11th  of 
March,  1820.  He  studied  law  at  Knoxville,  Illinois,  and  in  1839  came  to 
Iowa,  locating  in  Cedar  County  where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at 
Rochester,  then  the  county-seat.  In  1840  he  removed  to  Muscatine  and 
entered  into  partnership  in  the  practice  of  law  with  S.  C.  Hastings.  In 
1846  Mr.  Richman  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the 
Constitution  under  which  Iowa  became  a  State.  In  1848  he  served  as 
chief  clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives.  In  October,  1863,  he  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  District  Court  where  he  served  until  1870  when 
he  resigned  and  returned  to  the  practice  of  law. 

BENJAMIN  S.  ROBERTS  was  born  in  Manchester,  Vermont,  on  the 
18th  of  November,  1810.  He  graduated  at  the  Military  Academy  at  West 
Point  in  1835,  and  was  commissioned  a  second  lieutenant.  In  1839  he 
resigned  and  became  chief  engineer  of  a  railroad  company  and  later  was 
Assistant  State  GJeologist  for  New  York.  He  finally  studied  law  and  in 
1844  located  at  Fort  Madison,  Iowa,  where  he  practiced  law.  When  the 
Mexican  War  began  in  1846  he  returned  to  the  service  and  was  appointed 
first  lieutenant  in  a  regiment  of  mounted  riflemen.  Mr.  Roberts  greatly 
distinguished  himself  in  the  campaign  of  General  Scott  against  the  City 
of  Mexico.  He  led  the  advance  into  the  city  and  with  his  own  hands 
raised  the  American  flag  over  the  ancient  palace  of  the  Montezumas.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel 
in  the  regular  army.  In  1849  the  Iowa  Legislature  bestowed  upon  him  a 
sword  of  honor  for  his  gallant  services  during  the  war.  When  the  Civil 
War  began  Colonel  Roberts  was  in  command  of  the  southern  district  of 
New  Mexico,  where  he  routed  the  Confederate  army  and  saved  the  Terri- 
tory to  the  Union.  In  1862  he  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-G«neral  and 
became  Inspector-General  of  General  Pope's  army  in  Virginia.  In  June, 
1863,  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Department  of  Iowa  with 
headquarters  at  Davenport.  He  served  with  distinguished  ability  to  the 
close  of  the  war. 

GEORGE  E.  ROBERTS  is  a  native  of  Iowa,  having  been  born  in 
Colesburg,  Delaware  County,  in  1857.  In  1873  his  parents  removed  to 
Fort  Dodge,  where  the  son,  in  1878,  became  the  editor  and  publisher  of 
the  Fort  Dodge  Messenger,  then  a  weekly  Republican  journal.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1882.  he  was  elected  State  Printer,  which  position  he  held  by 
reelections   for   six  years.     He   became   widely   known   in   the   presidential 


224  HISTORY 


campaign  of  1896  as  the  author  of  a  reply  to  Harvey's  "  Coin's  Financial 
School "  which  was  used  as  a  campaign  document  by  the  Republican 
National  Committee.  He  also  wrote  a  work  on  the  money  question  called 
"  Iowa  and  the  Silver  Question,"  which  was  an  able  discussion  of  the  finan- 
cial issues  involved  in  the  campaign.  These  publications  were  regarded  as 
among  the  best  statements  of  the  financial  policy  of  the  Republican  party 
in  that  campaign  and  brought  the  author  into  prominent  notice.  When 
Lyman  J.  Gage  became  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  he  tendered  to  Mr, 
Roberts  the  position  of  Director  of  the  United  States  Mints,  which  he 
accepted  and  at  the  close  of  a  term  of  four  years  he  was  reappointed  by 
President  Roosevelt.  In  June,  1902,  he  with  some  associates  purchased 
the  Iowa  State  Register  and  the  Des  Moines  Leader  which  were  consoli- 
dated under  the  name  of  the  Register  and  Leader.  Mr.  Roberts  assiuned 
editorial  control  of  the  united  daily  journals. 

GIFFORD  S.  ROBINSON  was  born  on  the  28th  of  May,  1843,  in 
Tazewell  County,  Illinois.  He  spent  two  years  in  the  State  Normal  Uni- 
versity, then  took  a  two-year  course  in  the  Law  Department  of  Wash- 
ington University  at  St.  Louis.  He  taught  three  years,  a  portion  of  the 
time  in  the  Preparatory  Department  of  the  University.  In  August,  1862, 
he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  One  Hundred  Fifteenth  Illinois  Volunteer 
Infantry  and  served  in  several  of  the  great  battles  of  the  war,  among  which 
were  Franklin  and  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  severely  wounded  and  dis- 
charged from  the  service  in  consequence.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1870, 
locating  at  Storm  Lake  in  Buena  Vista  County  where  he  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  law.  Mr.  Robinson  was  soon  after  chosen  mayor  of  the 
town  and  in  1875  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Sixteenth  General  As- 
sembly to  represent  the  Seventy-first  District,  consisting  of  the  counties  of 
Buena  Vista,  Pocahontas,  Palo  Alto  and  Emmet.  Becoming  widely  known 
as  a  legislator  of  unusual  ability  in  the  fall  of  1881  he  was  nominated  by 
the  Republican  Convention  of  the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of 
Woodbury,  Plymouth,  Sioux,  Lyon,  Cherokee  and  Buena  Vista  for  State 
Senator.  He  was  elected,  serving  six  years  with  marked  ability.  In  the 
spring  of  1887  he  was  appointed  Railroad  Commissioner  by  Governor 
Larrabee,  but  declined.  At  the  Republican  State  Convention  in  the  summer 
of  1887,  he  was  nominated  for  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  elected 
in  October.  He  became  Chief  Justice  in  1892  and  at  the  close  of  his  term 
was  reelected.  He  retired  in  January,  1900,  removed  to  Sioux  City  and 
resumed  the  practice  of  law.  But  he  was  not  long  left  in  private  life, 
for  in  February  of  the  same  year  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Shaw 
member  of  the  State  Board  of  Control  for  six  years.  Judge  Robinson  was 
a  lecturer  before  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  University,  from  1890 
to  1900.  In  June,  1895,  the  State  University  conferred  upon  him  the 
desrree  of  LL.D. 


OF  IOWA  225 


LEWIS  W.  ROSS  was  born  in  Butler  County,  Ohio,  October  15,  1827. 
At  the  age  of  twenty  he  left  his  father's  farm  with  but  a  district  school 
education  and  studied  two  years  at  Farmers  College,  near  Cincinnati.  He 
then  entered  Miami  University,  Oxford,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1852. 
He  then  began  the  study  of  law  at  Hamilton,  Ohio,  gaining  admission  to 
the  bar  in  1854.  Two  years  later  he  came  to  Cass  County,  Iowa,  where  in 
1858  he  began  to  practice  law.  In  1861  he  removed  to  Council  Bluffs  and 
was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  in  1863  to  represent  the  district  consisting 
of  the  counties  of  Fremont,  Mills,  Cass  and  Pottawattamie.  He  served 
in  the  Tenth  and  Eleventh  General  Assemblies,  taking  especial  interest  iu 
educational  legislation.  In  1864  he  was  chosen  a  regent  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity, serving  altogether  about  twelve  years.  In  1880  he  became  a 
professor  of  law  in  the  University  and  the  following  year  was  elected 
Chancellor  of  the  Law  Department.  As  a  regent  he  was  largely  instru- 
mental in  establishing  the  law,  medical  and  homoeopathic  medical  depart- 
ments. Chancellor  Ross  was  the  author  of  "  An  Outline  of  Common  Law 
and  Code  Pleading,"  and  "  An  Outline  of  the  Law  of  Real  Property."  He 
died  at  Council  Bluffs,  November  22,   1902. 

GEORGE  W.  RUDDICK  was  born  in  Thompson,  Sullivan  County,  New 
York,  May  II,  1835.  He  worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  fourteen,  when 
he  spent  two  years  at  an  academy  in  Kingsville,  Ohio,  supplementing  this 
with  a  similar  course  of  instruction  at  Monticello,  New  York.  At  eigh- 
teen he  began  the  study  of  law  graduating  from  the  Albany  Law  School  in 
1856.  He  then  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Waverly  which  became  his  per- 
manent home.  In  1857  Mr.  Ruddick  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  for 
Bremer  County,  holding  the  oflSce  until  the  adoption  of  the  new  Con- 
stitution. In  1859  he  was  elected  Representative  in  the  House  of  the 
Eighth  General  Assembly  for  the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of 
Chickasaw  and  Bremer,  serving  in  the  regular  session  of  1860  and  the  war 
session  of  1861.  He  was  elected  county  judge  in  1862,  serving  two  years; 
in  1867  he  was  elected  circuit  judge  and  two  years  later  was  chosen  Dis- 
trict Judge  oitthe  Twelfth  District,  serving  from  1S70  to  1892.  At  one 
time  he  received  strong  support  for  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  as  he 
always  ranked  high  as  a  jurist. 

JOHN  N.  W.  RUMPLE  was  born  near  Fostoria,  Ohio,  March  4,  1841. 
In  1853  he  came  to  Iowa  in  an  emigrant  wagon,  taking  up  his  residence 
on  a  farm  near  Geneva  Bluffs,  Iowa  County.  He  attended  the  district 
school  and  in  1857  entered  Ashland  Academy  in  Wapello  County.  Later 
he  continued  his  studies  in  Western  College  and  the  Normal  Department 
of  the  State  University,  teaching  meanwhile  to  defray  his  expenses  in 
college.  In  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company  H,  Second  Iowa  Cavalry  as  a 
private,  remaining  in  the  service  until  1865  when  he  was  mustered  out  a 

[Vol.  4] 


226  HISTORY 


captain.  He  participated  in  the  battlea  of  Island  Number  Ten,  New  Mad- 
rid, Corinth,  luka,  Grierson's  Raid,  Tupelo,  Nashville  and  many  minor 
engagements.  Returning  from  the  army  Captain  Rumple  entered  the  law 
oflBce  of  Hon.  H.  M.  Martin  of  Marengo  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1867.  He  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  of  the  adjourned  session  of  1873, 
and  served  by  reelections  in  the  Fifteenth,  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  Gen- 
eral Assemblies.  For  six  years  he  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Regents 
of  the  State  University  and  was  also  one  of  the  curators  of  the  State  His- 
torical Society.  In  1900  he  was  elected  Representative  in  Congress  from 
the  Second  District  and  declined  reelection  on  account  of  failing  health. 
He  died  in  Chicago  in  January,  1903. 

NICHOLAS  J.  RUSCH  was  born  in  Holstein,  Germany,  in  1822.  He 
received  a  liberal  education  and  taught  school  several  years.  In  1847 
he  emigrated  to  America  and  located  on  a  farm  near  Davenport,  Iowa.  He 
was  a  young  man  of  fine  ability  and  studious  habits  and  soon  acquired 
a  knowledge  of  the  language,  laws  and  institutions  of  his  adopted  country. 
A  Republican  in  politics  he  was  an  influential  leader  among  the  German 
Americans.  In  1857  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  of  Scott 
County  for  State  Senator  and  was  elected  by  a  large  majority.  He  at- 
tained prominence  in  the  session  of  1858  as  a  Senator  and  in  1859  was 
nominated  by  the  Republican  State  Convention  for  Lieutenant-Governor 
on  the  ticket  with  Samuel  J.  Kirkwood.  After  a  campaign  of  unusual 
vigor  they  were  elected.  Lieutenant-Governor  Rusch  presided  with  dig- 
nity and  ability  over  the  Senate  during  the  regular  session  of  1860  and 
the  war  session  of  1861  but  was  not  a  candidate  for  reelection.  In  May, 
1860,  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Kirkwood  Commissioner  of  Immigra- 
tion and  served  two  years  with  great  efficiency.  In  1862  Governor  Rusch 
was  appointed  to  a  position  in  the  Commissary  Department  of  the  military 
service  in  the  Civil  War,  with  the  rank  of  captain.  In  1864  he  died  in 
the  service  at  Vicksburg,  Mississippi,  at  the  age  of  forty-two. 

EDWARD  RUSSELL,  one  of  the  noted  editors  of  Iowa,  was  born  in 
London,  England,  October  6,  1830.  He  received  an  education  at  Hill  House 
Academy.  In  1845  his  father  came  to  America,  stopping  in  New  York, 
where  he  lost  most  of  his  property  and  Edward  became  a  carpenter.  At 
one  time  he  traveled  as  a  peddler.  In  September,  1848,  the  family  removed 
to  Iowa,  locating  on  a  farm  near  Le  Claire  in  Scott  County.  Here  the 
son  worked  at  farming  and  carpentering  for  several  years.  He  began  to 
write  for  the  press  on  slavery  and  other  topics  and  became  a  regular 
correspondent  for  the  National  Era  of  Washington,  a  radical  antislavery 
paper.  He  was  also  a  contributor  to  the  Davenport  Gazette.  In  1858  he 
became  editor  of  the  Le  Claire  Express  and  in  1862  began  his  career  as 
editor  of  the  Davenport   Gazette.     Here  he  found  a  congenial  field  and 


JOHN    RUSSELL 


OF  IOWA  227 


floon  attained  a  position  among  the  able  political  writers  of  the  State. 
In  the  Republican  State  Convention  of  1865,  Mr.  Russell  introduced  a 
resolution  declaring  for  negro  suffrage  in  Iowa.  It  was  smothered  by  the 
committee  on  resolutions  but  Mr.  Russell  made  a  vigorous  fight  for  it 
before  the  convention  and  carried  it  by  a  decisive  majority.  In  1864  Mr. 
Russell  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Davenport,  serving  for  nearly  sixteen 
years.  In  1871  he  retired  from  the  Gazette  but  four  years  later  again  be- 
came its  editor,  serving  seven  years.  He  was  one  of  the  ablest  political 
writers  in  the  State  but  was  not  in  harmony  with  the  Republican  party 
on  a  protective  tariff.  He  was  a  vigorous  advocate  of  a  tariff  for  revenue, 
standing  bravely  by  his  convictions  to  the  close  of  his  life.  He  was  one 
of  the  earliest  advocates  of  the  construction  of  the  Hennepin  canal  for 
uniting  the  waters  of  Lake  Michigan  with  the  Mississippi  for  purposes 
of  navigation.  In  the  later  years  of  his  life  Mr.  Russell  lost  control  of 
the  Davenport  Gazette  and  removed  to  Minneapolis  where  he  died  De- 
cember  18.   1891. 

JOHN  RUSSELL  was  born  in  the  county  of  Fife,  Scotland,  October  8, 
1821.  He  learned  the  trade  of  stone  cutting  when  a  boy  and,  removing  to 
Glasgow,  worked  at  that  occupation  several  years.  He  read  all  he  could 
find  relating  to  the  United  States  and  finally  decided  to  emigrate  to  this 
country.  He  landed  in  New  York  in  May,  1842,  and  from  there  went  to 
Pittsburg  where  he  worked  at  his  trade  until  he  had  accumulated  capital 
sufficient  to  engage  in  business  as  a  proprietor  of  a  store.  In  1852  he 
came  to  Iowa  and  purchased  a  farm  in  Jones  County,  which  became  his 
permanent  home.  He  took  a  deep  interest  in  public  affairs  and  in  1860 
was  chairman  of  the  board  of  supervisors.  In  1861  he  was  elected  to  the 
House  of  the  Ninth  General  Assembly,  was  reelected  to  the  Tenth,  Eleventh 
and  Twelfth  General  Assemblies  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  for 
the  session  of  1868.  In  1866  he  was  elected  one  of  the  trustees  of  the 
State  Agricultural  College  and  was  chosen  by  the  board  chairman  of  the 
building  committee.  Mr.  Russell  served  in  that  capacity  during  the  erec- 
tion of  the  main  college  structure  and  the  building  of  houses  for  members 
of  the  faculty.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  committee  on  organiza- 
tion in  which  capacity  he  rendered  valuable  services.  He  took  a  deep 
interest  in  the  new  institution  and  gave  it  the  benefit  of  his  excellent  judg- 
ment in  the  erection  of  its  first  buildings  and  planning  the  educational 
course.  He  served  in  the  Legislature  until  the  close  of  the  session  of 
1870,  when  he  was  elected  Auditor  of  State.  He  served  as  Auditor  four 
years  and  introduced  many  reforms  in  performance  of  its  responsible 
duties.  In  1879  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  four  years. 
In  1875  Mr.  Russell  received  strong  support  in  the  Republican  State  Con- 
vention for  Governor  but  when  the  name  of  Governor  Kirkwood  was  pro- 
posed, Mr.  Russell  declined  to  be  a  candidate  against  the  old  "war  Gov- 


228  HISTORY 


ernor."  During  his  long  term  in  the  public  service  in  various  responsible 
positions,  Mr.  Russell  brought  to  the  discharge  of  his  duties  rare  ability, 
integrity  and  a  conscientious  regard  for  the  public  welfare.  He  has  left 
the  impress  of  excellent  judgment  on  the  laws  and  public  institutions  of 
the  times  in  which  he  served  as  one  of  the  most  useful  and  influential 
of  Iowa  lawmakers. 

DAVID  RYAN  is  a  native  of  Hebron,  New  York,  where  he  was  born 
on  March  15,  1840.  His  parents  removed  to  Jasper  County,  Iowa,  in  1857, 
and  there  the  son  received  his  education.  In  1859  he  entered  Central 
University  which  he  left  to  enlist  in  the  Eighth  Iowa  Infantry.  He  was 
commissioned  first  lieutenant  and  served  with  his  command  in  every  en- 
gagement until  1865.  His  regiment  participated  in  the  desperate  conflict 
at  the  "  Hornet's  Nest  "  in  the  Battle  of  Shiloh,  where  Lieutenant  Ryan 
was  taken  prisoner.  He  experienced  the  horrors  of  Libby  prison  as  well 
as  Montgomery  and  Macon.  After  being  exchanged  he  was  promoted  to 
captain  of  Company  E,  and  participated  in  the  siege  and  battles  of  Vicks- 
burg.  In  1864  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Second  Regiment  of  Enrolled 
Militia  of  Tennessee.  In  1865  Colonel  Ryan  was  elected  Representative  of 
the  House  of  the  Eleventh  General  Assembly.  He  had  graduated  at  the 
Iowa  Law  School  after  leaving  the  army,  and  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  his  profession.  In  1886  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  Sixth  Judicial 
District,   serving  in  that  position   for   three   terms. 

HENRY  SARIN,  educator,  was  born  at  Pomfret,  Connecticut,  on  the 
23d  of  October,  1829.  He  entered  Amherst  College,  graduating  in  1852. 
Coming  to  Iowa  in  1871  Mr.  Sabin  located  at  Clinton  and  has  been  en- 
gaged in  educational  work  nearly  all  of  his  mature  life.  He  was  for  a 
long  time  superintendent  of  public  schools  and  an  active  and  influential 
member  of  the  State  Teachers'  Association.  In  1887  he  was  nominated 
on  the  Republican  ticket  for  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  and 
elected,  serving  until  1892.  In  1893  he  was  again  elected  to  the  same 
position  and  reelected  at  the  end  of  the  term  for  another  period  of  two 
years,  retiring  in  1898.  He  has  been  a  frequent  contributor  to  educational 
publications,  is  a  member  of  the  National  Educational  Association,  was 
president  of  the  Department  of  Superintendence  in  1895  and  chairman  of 
the  committee  of  twelve  on  rural  schools  from  1895  to  1897.  Mr.  Sabin 
has  long  been  one  of  the  most  influential  workers  for  the  advancement  of 
education  through  the  public  school  system,  in  the  State.  In  1900  he 
published  a  book  of  two  hundred  eighty-two  pages  on  "  The  Making  of 
Iowa,"  for  use  in  the  public  schools. 

MARY  AUGUSTA  SAFFORD  was  born  at  Quincy,  Illinois,  Decem- 
ber 23,  1851.     At  the  age  of  eighteen  she  entered  the  State  University  at 


THE 

7      NEW  YORX       y 

(pUPLlCLlBRARYl 

^Astor.UnoxandTildenj/ 
foundat'ioas. 


THE 

NEW  YORK 

PUBLIC  LiaRARYl 

^Astof ,  Lenox  and  Tiiden 
Foundiitioas.  // 


REV.  MARY  A.   SAP^FORD 


OF  IOWA  229 


Iowa  City.  After  several  years  of  study  and  teaching  she  began  to  preach 
in  Hamilton,  Illinois,  to  which  city  her  parents  had  removed  in  her  child- 
hood. Here  Miss  Safford  organized  a  Unitarian  Society  in  1878.  She 
preached  in  Hamilton  a  year  and  a  half,  after  which  she  was  invited  by 
the  Iowa  Unitarian  Association  to  be  ordained  in  the  State  of  Iowa. 
She  received  her  ordination  in  the  town  of  Humboldt  where  she  remained 
five  years,  finally  attracting  the  attention  of  those  interested  in  the  needs 
of  larger  towns.  In  the  summer  of  1885  Miss  Safford  accepted  a  call  to  the 
new  parish  of  Sioux  City,  and  entered  upon  her  pastorate  there  in  the  fall 
of  that  year,  completing  the  organization  of  the  society  and  stimulating 
the  growing  society  to  build  a  commodious  church.  In  Sioux  City  Misa 
Safford  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Humane  Society.  She  also  initiated 
the  first  church  literary  clubs  of  Sioux  City,  which  were  afterwards  taken 
up  by  other  churches  until  from  the  nucleus  in  Unity  Church  there  ex- 
tended throughout  Sioux  City  an  ever  broadening  circle  of  literary  life. 
Miss  Safford  resigned  her  Sioux  City  pastorate  in  June,  1899,  to  accept 
a  call  to  Des  Moines.  In  addition  to  her  work  at  Des  Moines,  Miss  Safford 
is  secretary  of  the  Iowa  Unitarian  Association,  traveling  from  place  to 
place,  organizing,  advising  and  stimulating  the  churches.  Her  work  has 
always  been  largely  missionary.  She  has  organized  thriving  churches  in 
Cherokee,  Washta,  Perry  and  Ida  Grove.  For  ten  years  she  was  president 
of  the  Iowa  Unitarian  Conference  and  under  her  plan  of  organization 
the  conference  developed  a  financial  strength  that  had  been  deemed  im- 
possible. In  addition  to  her  position  as  State  secretary  and  minister  of 
the  Des  Moines  church.  Miss  Safford  is  a  director  of  the  National  Unitarian 
Association,  a  director  of  the  Western  Association,  a  director  of  the 
State  Conference,  and  a  member  of  the  National  Fellowship  Committee. 
In  addition  to  the  literary,  educational  and  humane  work  of  her  church, 
Miss  Safford  has  always  been  an  ardent  woman  suffragist. 

WILLIAM  SALTER,  one  of  the  pioneer  preachers  of  Iowa,  was  born 
in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  November  17,  1821.  He  was  educated  in  the 
Union  Theological  Seminary  of  New  York,  the  Theological  Institution  of 
Andover,  Massachusetts,  and  the  New  York  University.  In  November, 
1843,  he  came  to  Maquoketa,  Iowa,  one  of  eleven  young  Congregational 
ministers  who,  early  in  that  year  formed  an  "  Iowa  Band "  to  establish 
churches  of  their  faith  in  the  new  Territory.  They  were  young  men  from 
twenty-two  to  thirty-four  years  of  age  who  were  in  the  senior  class  at 
Andover.  Seven  of  them,  including  Mr.  Salter,  were  ordained  in  the  old 
academy  building  at  Denmark  in  Lee  County,  on  Sunday,  November  5, 
1843.  From  there  they  went  to  different  localities  as  missionary  preach- 
ers. After  preaching  two  years  at  Maquoketa,  Mr.  Salter  became  the 
pastor  of  the  First  Congregational  Church  of  Burlington.  In  addition  to 
his  services  as  a  minister,   Dr.   Salter  has  given  much   time  to  study  of 


230  HISTORY 


Iowa  history  and  for  many  years  has  been  a  contributor  of  valuable  articles 
to  historical  publications.  His  "  Life  of  James  W.  Grimes "  is  one  of 
the  best  of  Iowa  biographies.  He  has  also  written  biographies  of  (Jeneral 
Augustus  C.  Dodge,  General  J.  M.  Corse  and  Governor  James  Clarke.  He 
is  the  author  of  a  church  hymn  book,  "  Memoirs  of  J.  W.  Pickett,"  "  Forty 
Years'  Ministry "  and  numerous  historical  addresses.  For  more  than 
half  a  century  he  has  continued  to  meet  the  highest  expectations  of  a 
cultured  and  critical  congregation.  In  all  the  attributes  of  a  great  and 
popular  minister,  a  genial  and  helpful  pastor,  he  was  uncommonly  en- 
dowed. His  name  and  fame  are  intimately  entwined  with  the  building 
up  of  the  State  which  in  youth  he  selected  for  a  home. 

EZEKIEL  S.  SAMPSON  was  born  in  Huron  County,  Ohio,  on  the 
6th  of  December,  1831.  When  a  small  boy  his  father  removed  to  Illinois 
and  in  1843  located  on  a  farm  in  Keokuk  County,  Iowa.  The  son  worked 
on  his  father's  farm  until  he  was  nineteen  years  of  age,  attending  the 
district  school  winters.  He  then  learned  to  set  type  and  earned  money 
as  a  printer  to  pay  his  way  in  the  higher  schools  until  he  secured  a  good 
education.  In  1854  he  went  to  Oskaloosa  and  began  the  study  of  law  with 
Enoch  W.  Eastman  and  Samuel  A.  Eice  and  in  the  following  year  was 
admitted  to  the  bar.  He  began  to  practice  at  Sigourney  and  in  1856  was 
elected  Prosecuting  Attorney.  Early  in  1861  he  helped  to  raise  a  com- 
pany for  the  Union  army  and  was  appointed  captain  of  Company  F, 
which  was  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Infantry.  In  May,  1862,  he  was  pro- 
moted to  major  of  the  regiment,  serving  in  that  position  until  1864,  when 
it  was  mustered  out.  In  1865  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  and 
after  serving  one  session  was  chosen  District  Judge  and  remained  on  the 
bench  by  reelection  until  1874  when  he  was  elected  to  Congress.  Mr. 
Sampson  served  four  years  in  the  House  of  Representatives  from  the 
Sixth  District,  retiring  in  1879  and  resuming  the  practice  of  law.  He 
died  at  his  home  in  Sigourney  on  the  7th  of  October,  1892. 

ADDISOX  H.  SANDERS  was  born  on  the  13th  of  September,  1823, 
in  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  His  education  was  begun  in  a  printing  office  of  his 
native  city  and  completed  at  Cincinnati  College.  In  1845  and  again  in 
1846  he  came  to  Davenport,  where  his  brother,  Alfred,  was  struggling  to 
put  his  Gazette  on  a  paying  basis.  During  each  of  these  visits  he  stayed 
several  months,  taking  editorial  charge  of  the  paper  and  thus  relieving 
his  overworked  brother,  so  that  he  might  bring  the  business  department 
into  better  condition.  When  the  city  had  grown  large  enough  to  demand 
a  daily  paper,  Addison  H.  removed  to  Davenport,  in  October,  1856,  took 
editorial  charge  of  the  Daily  Davenport  Gazette  and  continued  in  that 
position  until  he  entered  the  Union  army.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War 
no  newspaper  in  Iowa  had  wider  influence  than  the  Daily  Gazette  of  Daven- 


OF  IOWA  231 


port.  Early  in  1861,  Add.  H.  Sanders  was  commissioned  aid  to  Governor 
Kirkwood,  serving  with  Judge  Baldwin  of  Council  Bluffs  and  later  in  the 
year  he  was  placed  in  command  of  Camp  McClellan,  at  Davenport,  where 
the  Union  volunteers  were  mustering  for  the  organization  of  regiments 
and  for  drill.  The  Sixteenth  Regiment  was  organized  early  in  the  winter 
of  1862  and  Governor  Kirkwood  was  so  impressed  with  the  excellent  work 
and  superior  qualifications  of  Add.  H.  Sanders,  that  he  offered  him  the 
position  of  colonel  of  the  new  regiment.  But  having  observed  the  disad- 
vantage of  placing  inexperienced  oflBcers  at  the  head  of  new  regiments  he 
declined  the  command,  urging  the  selection  of  a  regular  army  officer  for 
the  place.  The  Governor  and  General  Baker  realized  the  wisdom  of  such 
a  selection  and  Captain  Alexander  Chambers  of  the  Eighteenth  United 
States  Infantry  was  appointed  colonel  and  Mr.  Sanders  was  commissioned 
lieutenant-colonel.  The  regiment  received  its  "  baptism  of  fire "  at  the 
desperate  and  bloody  battle  of  Shiloh  and  at  Corinth,  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Sanders  was  wounded  very  severely.  He  did  gallant  service  during  the 
war,  often  in  command  of  the  regiment.  At  the  Battle  of  Atlanta,  July 
22,  1864,  Colonel  Sanders  was  taken  prisoner,  suffering  everything  but 
death  in  the  Confederate  prison  and  when  exchanged  was  so  low  with 
starvation  and  fever  that  for  a  long  time  his  recovery  was  doubtful.  On 
the  2d  of  April,  1865,  he  was  discharged  from  the  service  for  disability, 
having  been  brevetted  Brigadier-General  for  gallant  conduct  on  many 
battle-fields.  Upon  his  return  home,  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of 
Davenport.  In  1870  he  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  Secretary  of  Mon- 
tana Territory  and  became  acting  Governor.  In  1872  he  was  appointed 
Register  of  the  United  States  Land  Office  for  Montana.  He  returned  to 
his  old  home  at  Davenport  where  for  many  years  he  has  done  editorial 
work  on  several  of  the  daily  papers.  As  a  writer.  General  Sanders  has 
for  a  third  of  a  century  ranked  among  the  ablest  in  the  State. 

ALFRED  SANDERS,  pioneer  journalist,  was  a  native  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  having  been  born  in  that  city  on  the  13th  of  May,  1819.  Like  his 
brother,  Addison  H.,  he  received  his  education  in  the  printing  office  and 
at  Cincinnati  College.  In  1841  he  came  to  Davenport,  Iowa,  where  in 
August  he  established  the  Davenport  Gazette,  a  weekly  Whig  newspaper. 
It  was  from  the  first  a  model  typographical  journal  and  gave  particular 
attention  to  the  local  interests  of  the  new  city  and  Territory.  The  young 
man  was  but  twenty-two  years  of  age  and  possessed  all  of  the  enthusiasm 
and  ability  to  "  work  and  wait,"  that  characterized  the  youthful  adven- 
turers who  hesitated  not  to  leave  the  comforts  of  civilization,  to  help 
found  a  new  State.  For  twenty-one  years  Alfred  Sanders  worked  in  his 
chosen  field  with  undeviating  faith  in  a  brilliant  future  for  his  journal, 
his  city,  and  State.  The  "  old  Davenport  Gazette "  was,  under  his  ad- 
ministration, among  the  most  potential  forces  in  helping  to  lay  a  sure 


232  HISTOEY 


foundation  for  the  upbuilding  of  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  substantial 
cities  of  Iowa  and  no  paper  in  its  day  contributed  more  largely  toward 
the  material  development  of  all  that  is  most  desirable  by  good  citizens, 
in  the  growth  of  a  State.  Alfred  Sanders  never  sought  office  and  held 
steadfastly  to  the  career  of  journalism  which  he  had  chosen  in  youth; 
was  an  active  member  of  the  Christian  Church  and  died  at  the  early  age  of 
forty-six,  on  tlie  25th  of  April,  1865. 

JAMES  H.  SANDERS  was  born  on  the  9th  of  October,  1834,  in 
Union  County,  Ohio.  He  received  a  liberal  education  in  the  schools  and 
academies  of  that  section  and  in  1852  came  with  his  father  to  Keokuk 
County,  Iowa.  The  son  was  an  active  Republican  and  was  elected  county 
clerk.  In  1860  he  came  to  Des  Moines  at  the  assembling  of  the  Legislature 
and  secured  the  position  of  Secretary  of  the  Senate.  He  was  a  good 
writer  on  agricultural  topics  and  in  1869  established  The  Western  Stock 
Journal,  the  first  publication  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States.  It  was 
conducted  with  ability  and  grew  into  a  wide  circulation.  Seeing  the 
advantages  of  having  the  Journal  issued  from  a  large  city,  he  removed  it  to 
Chicago  where  it  attained  a  national  circulation.  As  the  live  stock  in- 
terests of  the  west  developed  lie  saw  an  opening  for  a  weekly  publication 
devoted  to  the  growing  branch  of  farming  and  selling  his  interest  in 
the  monthly  Journal,  established  theWeeJcly  Breeders'  Gazette  in  1881.  This 
proved  to  be  a  profitable  enterprise  and  grew  into  a  valuable  property, 
circulating  over  the  entire  country  where  stock  raising  was  carried  on 
extensively.  Mr.  Sanders  was  a  member  of  the  United  States  Treasury 
Cattle  Commission  and  a  special  agent  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
in  Europe  in  1885  and  was  the  author  of  several  publications  relating  to 
stock.     He  died  on  the  22d  of  December,   1899,  at  the  age  of  sixty-seven. 

JAMES  P.  SANFORD  was  born  in  Seneca  County,  New  York,  No- 
vember 11,  1832.  When  thirteen  years  of  age  he  went  to  South  America 
and  spent  four  years  in  that  country,  Mexico  and  the  West  India  Islands. 
In  1851  he  located  in  New  Orleans  where  he  remained  until  1855  when  he 
removed  to  Iowa,  taking  up  his  residence  at  Bentonsport.  The  following 
year  he  became  a  Universalist  minister,  preaching  his  first  sermon  at 
Big  Rock  in  Scott  County  on  the  22d  of  March,  1856.  He  was  a  public 
speaker  of  unusual  ability  and  eloquence  and  rose  rapidly  in  the  profession 
until  in  a  few  years  he  became  one  of  the  most  famous  ministers  in  Iowa. 
Early  in  the  Civil  War  Mr.  Sanford  enlisted  in  the  Second  Iowa  Cavalry 
and  was  commissioned  first  lieutenant  and  was  afterwards  promoted  to 
captain.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  Forty-seventh  Infantry  he  was 
commissioned  colonel  of  that  regiment.  In  1864  he  retired  from  the  ser- 
vice and  went  to  Europe,  making  an  extensive  tour  of  the  countries  of 
the  old  world.     Upon  his  return  he  lectured  on  foreign  lands  and  people 


OF  IOWA  233 


he  had  visited.  Mr.  Sanford  crossed  the  ocean  fifteen  times  and  extended 
hia  travels  into  almost  every  country  of  the  eastern  world.  Possessed  of 
rare  descriptive  powers  and  pleasing  address,  Colonel  Sanford  soon  won 
national  fame  as  a  lecturer  on  foreign  countries.  He  eventually  became 
one  of  the  most  extensive  travelers  in  America  as  well  as  one  of  the  most 
notable  lecturers. 

WILLIAM  F.  SAPP  was  born  at  Danville,  Ohio,  November  23,  1824. 
He  received  an  academic  education  and  studied  law  at  Mount  Vernon  with 
Columbus  Delano,  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1850  and  began 
practice  at  Mount  Vernon.  In  1854  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney, 
holding  that  position  four  years.  In  1860  he  removed  to  Omaha  and 
later  became  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Legislature.  He  was  appointed 
Adjutant-General  and  in  1862  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
Second  Nebraska  Cavalry.  After  the  war  he  made  his  home  at  Council 
BluflFs,  Iowa,  and  practiced  law.  In  1866  he  was  a  Representative  in  the 
Eleventh  General  Assembly  of  Iowa.  In  1869  he  was  appointed  by  Presi- 
dent Grant  United  States  District  Attorney  for  Iowa,  serving  until  1873. 
In  1878  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  of  the  Eighth  District  for 
Representative  in  Congress  and  elected,  serving  but  one  term. 

ALVIN  SAUNDERS  was  born  in  Fleming  County,  Kentucky,  July  12, 
1817,  and  received  but  a  common  school  education,  working  on  his  father's 
farm  until  nineteen  years  of  age.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1836  when  it  was 
a  part  of  Michigan  Territory,  and  located  at  Mount  Pleasant.  After  a 
few  years  he  opened  a  store  and  was  appointed  postmaster.  He  took  an 
active  part  in  public  affairs  and  in  1846  was  chosen  a  delegate  to  the 
convention  which  framed  a  Constitution  for  the  State.  In  1854  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate  as  an  antislavery  Whig  and  was  one  of  the 
most  influential  members  in  securing  the  election  of  James  Harlan  to 
the  United  States  Senate.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  which 
organized  the  Republican  party  in  1856.  Mr.  Saunders  served  eight  years 
in  the  Senate,  helping  to  elect  Governor  Grimes  to  the  United  States 
Senate  in  1858.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Convention 
in  1860  which  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for  President.  In  1861  Mr. 
Saimders  was  appointed  Governor  of  Nebraska  Territory  where  he  be- 
came one  of  the  promoters  of  the  building  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 
He  served  as  Governor  until  1867  when  Nebraska  became  a  State.  In 
1877  he  was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate  for  six  years.  After  the 
expiration  of  his  term  he  served  ten  years  on  the  Utah  Commission  which 
had  supervision  of  registration  and  elections  in  that  Territory.  Governor 
Saunders  died  at  his  home  in  Omaha,  November   1,  1899. 

CHARLES  A.  SCHAFFER,  late  president  of  the  State  University, 
was  born  August  14,  1843,  at  Harrisburg,  Pennsylvania.     His  early  educa- 


234  HISTORY 


tion  was  thorougli  and  he  was  fitted  for  college  at  the  Germantown 
Academy.  His  progress  was  so  rapid  that  he  was  graduated  from  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania  in  1861,  at  the  age  of  eighteen.  He  then  be- 
gan the  study  of  medicine,  entering  a  pharmacy  and  beginning  a  labora- 
tory course  in  Philadelphia  which  was  continued  at  Cambridge,  Massa- 
chusetts. In  1862  he  became  private  secretary  to  his  uncle.  General  Her- 
man Haupt,  then  stationed  in  Virginia.  The  following  year  he  en- 
listed in  Landis'  Philadelphia  Light  Brigade  and  in  a  skirmish  at  Car- 
lisle distinguished  himself  for  gallant  conduct.  In  1863  he  entered  the 
Lawrence  Scientific  School  at  Harvard,  remaining  two  years.  From  there 
Mr.  Schaffer  went  to  Union  College  at  Schenectady,  New  York,  as  in- 
structor in  chemistry.  In  1867  he  went  abroad  for  advanced  study  in 
chemistry  and  for  two  years  was  a  student  at  Gottingen,  where  in  1868 
he  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy.  During  the  following 
year  he  studied  metallurgy  at  the  Berlin  School  of  Mines  and  completed 
his  foreign  studies  by  a  course  of  six  months  in  Paris.  While  studying 
there  he  was  elected  to  the  chair  of  analytical  chemistry  and  mineralogy 
at  Cornell  University,  at  the  time  being  but  twenty-six  years  of  age. 
There  he  remained  nineteen  years,  and  during  the  absence  of  the  president, 
Andrew  D.  White,  was  usually  called  to  act  in  his  absence.  During  his 
last  year  at  Cornell  Dr.  Schaffer  was  dean  of  the  faculty.  He  was  in- 
augurated president  of  the  Iowa  State  University,  in  June,  1887,  and 
entering  upon  the  work  he  voluntarily  took  upon  himself  instruction  in 
chemistry  of  the  medical  and  dental  students  with  lectures  on  medical 
jurisprudence.  Dr.  Schaffer  worked  untiringly  for  a  large  endowment  for 
the  University  throughout  the  State  and  before  the  Legislature.  He  was 
not  a  brilliant  public  speaker  and  "  his  strongest  point  was  his  remarkable 
executive  ability,"  says  Henry  Sabin.  During  his  residence  in  the  State 
he  was  an  earnest  worker  for  the  upbuilding  of  Iowa  City,  the  home  of 
the  University.  He  stood  high  in  the  councils  of  the  Episcopal  Church  and 
was  a  trustee  of  Griswold  College  and  St.  Katherine's  Hall,  Davenport. 
President  Schaffer  died  in  the  midst  of  his  great  usefulness  at  Iowa  City, 
September  13,  1898. 

WILLIAM  O.  SCHMIDT  is  a  native  of  Davenport,  where  he  was 
born  June  9,  1856.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
city  and  at  the  State  University,  entering  upon  the  practice  of  law  in 
Davenport.  He  has  always  been  a  Democrat  and  since  1896  has  affiliated 
with  the  sound  money  wing  of  that  party.  Mr.  Schmidt  was  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Representatives  in  the  Nineteenth  and  Twentieth  General 
Assemblies,  and  a  member  of  the  Senate  of  the  Twenty-first,  Twenty-sec- 
ond, Twenty-third  and  Twenty- fourth  General  Assemblies,  having  served 
continuously  for  twelve  years.  He  was  the  author  of  a  bill  for  the  regu- 
lation of  the  liquor  traffic  which  received   the  indorsement  of  the  Demo- 


OF  IOWA  235 


cratic  party  in   State  convention,   and   similar  to   the  plan   upon   which 
Horace  Boies  was  twice  elected  Governor  of  the  State. 

HENRY  P.  SCHOLTE,  the  founder  of  the  Holland  Colony  of  Marion 
County,  was  born  at  Amsterdam,  kingdom  of  Netherlands,  September  25, 
1805.  He  was  educated  at  the  University  of  Leyden  and  studying  the- 
ology was  licensed  to  preach  in  1832.  Two  years  before,  Mr.  Scholte  had 
volunteered  to  assist  in  suppressing  a  rebellion  in  Belgium  in  which  he 
won  medals  for  bravery.  In  1833  he  became  a  preacher  in  the  National 
Reform  chiurch  but  soon  after  joined  the  dissenters  and  was  tried  in  1834 
for  teaching  heresy  and  expelled  from  the  established  church,  suffering 
persecution  by  fine  and  imprisonment.  In  1846  Mr.  Scholte  became  presi- 
dent of  an  organization  to  promote  emigration  to  America  and  in  April 
of  the  following  year  four  ships  bearing  between  seven  and  eight  him- 
dred  persons  sailed  for  Baltimore.  No  profane,  immoral  or  intemperate 
person  could  be  a  member  of  the  colony,  nor  an  atheist,  skeptic  or  Roman 
Catholic.  A  location  was  chosen  in  Marion  County,  Iowa,  where  two 
thousand  acres  of  land  were  purchased  and  the  toAvn  of  Pella  (city  of 
refuge)  was  platted.  Mr.  Scholte  here  adopted  the  profession  of  law, 
taking  an  interest  in  American  politics,  and  in  1860  was  one  of  the  dele- 
gates from  Iowa  to  the  National  Republican  convention  at  Chicago,  which 
first  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for  President.  He  was  the  first  post- 
master of  Pella  and  donated  five  acres  of  the  most  beautiful  ground  in 
the  town  to  the  Iowa  Central  University.  He  remained  the  dominating 
spirit  of  the  colony  until  his  death  on  August  25,  1868. 

JOHN  SCOTT  was  born  in  Jefferson  County,  Ohio,  April  14,  1824. 
He  attended  the  common  schools  until  sixteen  years  of  age  when  he  began 
to  teach.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1843  but  returned  to  Ohio  and  Kentucky, 
teaching  school  until  May,  1846,  when  he  enlisted  in  a  regiment  of  Ken- 
tucky volunteers  fitting  out  for  the  Mexican  War.  In  1847  he,  with 
Cassius  M.  Clay  and  seventy  others,  was  taken  prisoner  and  marched  to 
the  City  of  Mexico  where  they  were  held  in  captivity  for  eight  months. 
From  1852  to  1854  he  was  editor  of  the  Kentucky  Whig.  He  removed  to 
Iowa  in  1856,  locating  at  Nevada,  where  he  was  engaged  in  farming  and 
real  estate.  In  1859  he  was  elected  to  represent  the  counties  of  Story, 
Boone,  Hardin  and  Hamilton  in  the  State  Senate.  He  served  in  the 
regular  session  of  1860  and  the  war  session  of  1861  and  then  resigned  to 
enter  the  Union  army.  Mr.  Scott  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
Third  Regiment  and  was  in  command  at  the  Battle  of  Blue  Mills,  engaging 
a  superior  army  of  the  enemy.  In  1862  he  was  promoted  to  colonel  of 
the  Thirty-second  Infantry  where  he  served  with  distinction  imtil  May, 
1864,  being  engaged  in  many  severe  conflicts.  In  1867  he  was  elected 
Lieutenant-Governor  of  Iowa  on  the  Republican  ticket,  serving  two  years. 


236  HISTORY 


In  1870  Colonel  Scott  was  appointed  Assessor  of  Internal  Revenue,  hold- 
ing the  office  until  it  was  discontinued.  He  has  been  intimately  associ- 
ated with  the  industrial  progress  of  the  State  for  more  than  a  quarter  of 
a  century  and  has  been  president  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society,  of  the 
State  Road  Improvement  Association,  the  Improved  Stock  Breeders'  As- 
sociation and  delegate  to  the  National  Agricultural  Congress.  He  was 
for  many  years  an  able  contributor  to  agricultural  journals.  In  1885  he 
was  again  elected  to  the  State  Senate  where  he  was  the  author  of  the 
bill  to  establish  a  State  Board  of  Control  for  the  various  public  institu- 
tions. He  has  several  times  come  within  a  few  votes  of  the  nomination 
for  Congress  in  Republican  conventions.  Colonel  Scott  is  the  author  of 
several  books.  In  1849  he  published  a  narrative  of  the  imprisonment  of 
himself  and  companions  during  the  Mexican  War.  In  1895  he  pubished  a 
"  Genealogy  of  Hugh  Scott  "  and  his  descendants,  and  the  "  Story  of  the 
Thirty-second  Iowa  Volunteers."  In  1896  Colonel  Scott  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  "  Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association." 

WILLIAM  A.  SCOTT  was  born  in  Crawford  County,  Indiana,  Decem- 
ber 18,  1818.  When  Fort  Des  Moines  was  established  at  the  Raccoon 
Forks  in  1843,  Mr.  Scott  came  with  the  troops,  having  contracted  to  fur- 
nish provisions  for  the  garrison.  He  remained  at  the  fort  three  years 
and  when  the  Indians  were  removed  to  Kansas  he  accompanied  them  to 
their  reservation  as  Indian  trader.  When  the  public  lands  in  the  vicinity 
of  Des  Moines  came  into  market,  Mr.  Scott  returned  and  entered  five  hun- 
dred acres  on  the  east  side  of  the  river  including  most  of  the  ground 
upon  which  East  Des  Moines  has  been  built.  He  erected  his  log  cabin 
where  the  city  gas  works  stand  near  East  Market  street  and  established 
a  ferry  across  the  Raccoon  River  near  its  mouth.  He  built  the  first  bridge 
across  the  Des  Moines  River  and  laid  out  the  city  of  East  Des  Moines  on 
his  farm.  Mr.  Scott  was  active  in  securing  the  removal  of  the  Capital 
from  Iowa  City  and  in  procuring  the  location  of  the  State  House  on  the 
east  side  of  the  river.  In  order  to  comply  with  the  requirement  of  the 
State  to  furnish  a  Capitol  building  and  grounds  free  of  expense,  Mr. 
Scott  donated  most  of  the  land  upon  which  the  permanent  State  House 
stands,  the  "  Governor's  Square "  and  other  ground  amounting  to  fifteen 
acres.  He  then  became  one  of  a  company  which  erected  the  first  State 
House  at  a  cost  of  nearly  $40,000.  In  the  accomplishment  of  these  enter- 
prises Mr.  Scott  had  encumbered  his  real  estate  to  raise  the  large  sums 
of  money  required.  In  1857  came  the  most  disastrous  financial  depression 
of  the  century;  banks  and  thousands  of  business  houses  went  down  in 
widespread  ruin.  Good  money  disappeared  from  circulation  and  real  estate 
could  not  be  sold.  Generous,  public  spirited  "  Alex.  Scott "  was  caught 
in  the  flood-tide  of  ruin  with  his  vast  holding  of  real  estate  mortgaged  and 
no  income  to  tide  him  over.     He  started  for  the  Pike's  Peak  gold  field 


THE 

NEW  YOnK 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


Astor,  Lenox  and  Tilden  ;l 
Foundat'oas.      jJ 


OF  IOWA  237 


with  the  desperate  hope  that  fortune  would  favor  him  and  enable  him  to 
save  his  property.  But  he  was  stricken  with  fatal  sickness  and  died 
in  a  tent  on  the  plains,  June  23,  1859. 

EUGENE  SECOR  is  a  name  well  known  to  all  lovers  of  trees  and 
parks  in  Iowa.  He  was  born  in  Peekskill,  New  York,  May  13,  1841,  and 
attended  the  district  schools  in  his  native  State.  His  father  possessed  a 
well-selected  library  and  from  this  his  children  gleaned  a  higher  educa- 
tion. In  1862  Mr.  Secor  came  to  Iowa  and  enlisted  in  the  "  hundred  days  " 
service  but  was  not  called  to  the  field.  Two  years  later  he  entered  Cor- 
nell College  at  Mount  Vernon  but  was  soon  obliged  to  abandon  his  studies. 
He  held  a  number  of  offices  in  Winnebago  County  during  the  following 
fourteen  years.  But  he  is  best  known  throughout  the  State  for  his  valu- 
able papers  on  bee-keeping,  horticulture  and  preserving  the  beauties  of 
nature  in  parks  and  forest  reserves.  He  has  been  a  prominent  member  of 
the  State  Horticultural  Society  for  many  years,  having  served  as  director, 
president  and  manager  of  one  of  the  experimental  stations.  He  has  con- 
tributed to  journals  and  magazines  both  literary  and  technical  for  many 
years,  and  written  by  request  a  resume  of  the  apiarian  industry  of  the 
United  States  and  its  exhibit  at  the  World's  Fair  for  the  permanent  rec- 
ords of  that  and  the  Omaha  Expositions.  He  is  a  successful  bee-keeper, 
often  procuring  a  ton  of  honey  in  a  season.  He  has  served  as  treasurer, 
president  and  general  manager  of  the  National  Beekeepers'  Society.  In 
1888  Mr.  Secor  was  chosen  trustee  of  the  State  College  of  Agriculture, 
serving  six  years.  He  is  a  prominent  Republican  and  for  sixteen  years 
has  usually  been  a  delegate  to  the  annual  State  conventions  and  has  also 
served  as  a  delegate  to  the  National  Convention  in  1892.  In  1901  he  was 
elected  a  Representative  in  the  Twenty-ninth  General  Assembly  and 
served  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  horticulture. 

EDWARD  P.  SEEDS  is  a  native  of  Wilmington,  Delaware,  where  he 
was  born  August  1,  1855.  When  a  child  his  father  removed  to  Man- 
chester, Iowa,  where  the  son  received  his  early  education  in  the  public 
schools.  He  entered  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  University  and 
graduated  in  1877.  Mr.  Seeds  began  practice  at  M  ichester,  continuing 
with  the  interruption  of  a  few  years  in  the  postal  service,  until  1890.  Dur- 
ing his  second  term  as  city  solicitor  he  resigned  to  accept  the  office  of 
State  Senator,  serving  in  the  Twenty-second  and  Twenty-third  General 
Assemblies.  In  1890  he  was  appointed  Associate  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  New  Mexico  and  was  judge  of  the  First  Judicial  District  for  four 
years.  During  his  term  he  was  called  upon  to  render  a  decision  in  case  of 
election  frauds  and  his  decision  was  sustained  by  the  United  States  Su- 
preme Court.  At  the  expiration  of  his  term  Judge  Seeds  returned  to 
Manchester  and  was  elected  professor  of  law  in  the  State  University. 


238  HISTORY 


HOMER  H.  SEERLEY  was  born  near  Indianapolis,  Indiana,  August 
13,  1848.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  Iowa  in  1854,  locating  at  South 
English,  where  his  early  education  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools.  He 
entered  the  State  University,  graduating  in  1873.  The  following  autumn 
he  began  his  career  as  a  teacher  by  accepting  a  position  aa  assistant  in 
the  high  school  of  Oskaloosa.  The  following  year  he  became  principal  of 
the  school  and  in  1875  city  superintendent  of  schools.  In  188G  he  re- 
signed to  accept  the  presidency  of  the  State  Normal  School  at  Cedar  Falls. 
For  twenty-five  years  he  has  been  identified  with  the  State  Teachers'  As- 
sociation of  which  he  was  president  in  1884.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
National  Educational  Association  and  the  National  Educational  Council. 
Mr.  Seerley  has  written  many  educational  articles  for  the  press  and  de- 
livered numerous  addresses  before  educational  assemblies.  He  is  one  of 
the  authors  of  Seerley  and  Parish's  History  of  Civil  Government  in  Iowa. 
He  has  been  president  of  the  State  Normal  School  for  more  than  seven- 
teen years. 

JOHN  J.  SEERLEY  was  born  at  Toulon,  Illinois,  March  13,  1852.  He 
removed  to  Iowa  and  graduated  at  the  State  University  in  1875.  He  was 
principal  of  the  Iowa  City  high  school  in  1876.  The  following  year  he 
graduated  from  the  Law  Department  of  the  University  and  entered  upon 
the  practice  in  Burlington,  was  elected  city  solicitor,  holding  the  position 
six  years.  In  1888  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  of  the  First 
Congressional  District  for  Representative  and  was  defeated  by  Ex-Governor 
Gear,  the  Republican  candidate.  In  1890  he  was  again  the  Democratic 
candidate  and  was  elected  over  his  former  competitor. 

WILLIAM  H.  SEEVERS  was  born  in  Shenandoah  County,  Virginia, 
April  8,  1822.  His  boyhood  was  passed  on  his  father's  farm  and  his  educa- 
tion was  acquired  in  the  common  schools.  He  began  to  read  law  in  1843 
and  removed  to  Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  in  1844,  where  he  began  practice.  Mr. 
Seevers  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  in  1848,  serving  one  term.  In 
1852  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  Third  Judicial  District,  serving  until  1856. 
In  1857  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Seventh  General  Assembly  and 
was  chairman  of  thmJAidiciary  committee.  In  1872  he  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Republican  National  Convention  which  nominated  General  Grant  for 
President  the  second  time.  He  was  a  member  of  the  commission  to  re- 
vise the  laws  of  the  State  and  was  editor  of  the  Code  of  1873.  In  1875 
he  was  again  elected  to  the  General  Assembly.  In  1876  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  to  fill  a  vacancy  where  he  served  until  1888. 
Judge  Seevers  died  at  his  home  in  Oskaloosa,  March  24,  1895. 

CATO  SELLS  was  born  in  Vinton,  Iowa,  October  6,  1859.  Losing  his 
father  at  an  early»nge  he  was  obliged  to  provide  for  the  family,  attending 


CATO   SELLS 


OF  IOWA  239 


public  school  winters.  He  entered  Cornell  College  at  sixteen,  supporting 
himself  while  pursuing  his  studies.  In  1878  he  began  the  study  of  law 
in  the  office  of  Charles  A.  Bishop  and  two  years  later  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  and  began  practice  at  La  Porte.  In  1889  he  removed  to  Vinton 
and  soon  became  a  prominent  leader  in  the  Democratic  party,  serving  on 
the  State  Central  Committee,  and  was  for  seven  years  secretary  or  chair- 
man of  the  executive  committee.  In  1887  he  was  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee, and  in  1888  was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  Conven- 
tion. In  1892  he  was  again  a  delegate  and  served  as  secretary  of  the 
National  Convention.  In  1893  he  was  president  of  the  Democratic  State 
Convention.  In  1894  he  was  appointed  by  President  Cleveland  United 
States  Attorney  for  the  Northern  District  of  Iowa.  In  1899  he  was  again 
president  of  the  Democratic  State  Convention  and  in  1900  chairman  of 
the  Iowa  delegation  in  the  National  Democratic  Convention  at  Kansaa 
City.  Mr.  Sells  served  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Boies  for  four  years  and 
in  1892  was  elected  trustee  of  the  State  College  of  Agriculture. 

ELIJAH  SELLS  was  born  in  Franklin  County,  Ohio,  February  14, 
1814.  His  father  served  under  General  Harrison  in  the  War  of  1812.  The 
son  came  to  Iowa  in  1841,  locating  at  Muscatine,  where  he  engaged  in 
business.  He  took  a  deep  interest  in  the  free  soil  movement  and  at  one 
of  the  early  Whig  conventions  secured  the  adoption  of  resolutions  de- 
claring it  to  be  the  duty  of  Congress  to  prohibit  slavery  in  the  Terri- 
tories. This  was  the  first  convention  in  the  State  to  make  the  declara- 
tion which  afterwards  became  the  cardinal  doctrine  of  the  Republican 
party.  In  1844  he  was  a  member  of  the  First  Constitutional  Convention. 
He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  First  Greneral  Assembly  of  the  State  and 
again  in  1852  ser\^ed  in  the  House.  Mr.  Sells  was  a  delegate  to  the  con- 
vention which  organized  the  Republican  party,  was  nominated  for  Sec- 
retary of  State  and  elected.  He  was  twice  reelected,  serving  six  years. 
In  1863  he  was  appointed  paymaster  in  the  army  and  afterwards  held  a 
position  in  the  navy.  He  also  served  as  Third  Auditor  of  the  Treasury. 
In  1865  he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  Indian  Affairs  in  one  of  the 
southern  districts  and  removed  to  Kansas.  He  served  three  terms  in  the 
Kansas  Legislature  and  in  1878  removed  to  Utah.  In  1889  he  was  ap- 
pointed Secretary  of  Utah  Territory,  serving  four  years.  Mr.  Sells  died 
at  Salt  Lake  City,  March  13,   1897. 

JOSHUA  M.  SHAFFER  was  born  in  Washington,  Pennsylvania,  Sep- 
tember 13,  1830,  where  he  attended  the  common  schools,  graduating  from 
the  Medical  Department  of  the  Pennsylvania  University.  He  has  re- 
ceived the  degrees  of  A.  B.,  A.  M.  and  M.  D.  In  1852  he  came  to  Iowa, 
making  his  home  at  Fairfield,  in  Jefferson  County,  where  he  practiced 
medicine.     In  1854  he  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  State  Agricultural 


240  HISTORY 


Society  and  its  first  secretary;  he  served  in  that  capacity  at  different  times 
for  fourteen  years,  doing  very  much  to  make  the  State  fairs  successful. 
In  1862  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of 
James  F.  Wilson,  elected  to  Congress.  For  many  years  he  was  secretary 
and  librarian  of  the  Jefferson  County  Library.  During  the  Civil  War  he 
was  surgeon  of  the  Board  of  Enrollment  from  1863  to  1865.  In  1876-7 
Dr.  Shaffer  was  a  lecturer  at  the  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  at 
Keokuk  where  he  had  taken  up  his  residence.  For  many  years  he  was 
a  trustee  of  the  Unitarian  Society  at  Keokuk,  and  later  secretary  of  the 
board  of  trustees.  The  doctor  has  for  many  years  been  a  student  of 
natural  science,  and  for  twenty-five  years  has  been  a  promoter  of  cre- 
mation as  against  earth  burial,  and  is  a  member  of  an  association  pledged 
to  the  cremation  of  their  own  bodies.  During  the  mature  years  of  his  life 
Dr.  Shaffer  has  been  a  continuous  contributor  to  the  press  on  a  variety 
of  subjects  of  interest  to  the  public,  always  working  for  some  worthy 
purpose. 

BENJAMIN  F.  SHAMBAUGH  is  a  native  of  Iowa,  born  at  Elvira, 
January  29,  1871.  He  acquired  his  education  at  the  Iowa  City  Academy 
and  the  State  University  of  Iowa,  and  was  fellow  in  the  Wharton  School, 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  in  1893-95.  In  the  latter  year  he  became 
instructor  in  the  University  of  Iowa,  assistant  professor  in  1896  and  Pro- 
fessor of  Political  Science  in  1897.  Professor  Shambaugh  is  a  curator  of 
the  State  Historical  Society  at  Iowa  City  and  editor  of  the  Iowa  Journal 
of  History  and  Politics.  He  has  written  much  of  value  to  the  student  of 
Iowa  history,  including  three  volumes  on  "  Documentary  Material  Re- 
lating to  the  History  of  Iowa,"  "  Fragments  of  Debates  of  the  Constitu- 
tional Conventions  of  1844  and  1846,"  and  a  "History  of  the  Constitutions 
of  Iowa." 

JOHN  SHANE  was  born  in  Jefferson  County,  Ohio,  on  the  26th 
of  May,  1822,  and  was  educated  at  Jefferson  College.  He  studied  law 
with  Edwin  M.  Stanton,  Lincoln's  great  Secretary  of  War  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1848,  beginning  practice  at  Steubenville.  In  1855, 
he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Vinton  where  he  engaged  in  the  practice 
of  law.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  State  Convention  which  organized  the 
Republican  party  at  Iowa  City  in  1856.  He  entered  the  military  service 
as  captain  of  Company  G,  Thirteenth  Infantry  in  1861,  in  October  was 
promoted  to  major  and  was  in  the  Battle  of  Shiloh.  Soon  after  he  be- 
came lieutenant-colonel  and  in  March,  1863,  was  promoted  to  colonel  of 
the  regiment.  He  served  in  this  position  with  distinction  until  November, 
1864,  when  the  term  of  enlistment  expired.  In  1871  Colonel  Shane  was 
elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  four  years. 
In  1876  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the  Eighth  Judicial  District  and  was 


OF  IOWA  241 


elected  in  1878  for  a  full  term  but  was  stricken  with  paralysis  before  the 
expiration  and  resigned,     lie  died  on  the  18th  of  September,   1899. 

ALBERT  SHAW,  journalist,  was  born  at  Shandon,  Ohio,  July  23, 
1857.  He  came  to  Iowa  when  a  young  man,  entering  Iowa  College  at  Grin- 
nell  where  he  graduated  in  1879.  He  first  entered  upon  journalism  by 
securing  an  interest  in  the  Grinnell  Herald  but  still  continued  his  studies 
under  Professor  Macy,  giving  special  attention  to  constitutional  history 
and  economic  science.  In  1881  he  entered  Johns  Hopkins  University  as  a 
graduate  student,  and  while  there  attracted  the  notice  of  James  Bryce 
who  was  preparing  his  "  American  Commonwealth,"  and  availed  himself  of 
Mr.  Shaw's  knowledge  of  western  political  and  social  conditions.  In  1883 
Mr.  Shaw  secured  a  position  on  the  Minneapolis  Tribune  but  returned  to 
Johns  Hopkins  taking  the  degree  of  Ph.  D.  He  then  resumed  work  on 
the  Tribune.  While  pursuing  his  studies  he  wrote  a  book  called  "Icaria; 
A  Chapter  in  the  History  of  Communism,"  which  became  his  thesis,  was 
translated  and  published  in  Germany  where  it  won  the  author  an  enviable 
reputation.  After  spending  two  years  in  study  in  Europe  he  gave  lectures 
at  Cornell,  Johns  Hopldns  and  Michigan  Universities.  In  1891  he  was 
invited  to  establish  the  American  Review  of  Reviews  of  which  he  has  since 
been  the  editor.  He  is  the  author  of  "  Municipal  Government  in  Great 
Britain;"  "Municipal  Government  in  Continental  Europe;"  a  "History 
of  the  Spanish- American  War ;  "  "  History  of  the  United  States  from  the 
Civil  War  to  the  Close  of  the  Nineteenth  Century."  Dr.  Shaw  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  American  Economic  Association,  American  Antiquarian  Society, 
a  fellow  of  the  American  Statistical  Society  and  the  New  York  Academy  of 
Political  Science.     The  Outlook  says: 

"  Dr.  Shaw  has  a  catholicity  of  feeling  and  knowledge  which  very 
few  Americans  possess  .  .  .  and  is  one  of  the  few  journalists  in  this 
country  who  treat  their  work  from  the  professional  standpoint,  who  are 
thoroughly  equipped  for  it  and  who  regard  themselves  as  standing  in  a 
responsible  relation  to  a  great  and  intelligent  public." 

LESLIE  M.  SHAW,  sixteenth  Governor  of  Iowa,  was  born  in  Morris- 
town,  Vermont,  November  2,  1848,  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  attended  the 
Academy  of  Morrisville.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1869  and  entered  Cornell 
College  at  Mount  Vernon,  from  which  he  graduated  in  1874.  Mr.  Shaw 
was  dependent  upon  his  own  exertions  for  the  means  to  defray  his  ex- 
penses while  attending  the  Iowa  College  of  Law.  These  he  met  by  work  in 
the  harvest  field,  teaching  and  selling  nursery  stock.  In  1876  he  located 
at  Denison  in  Crawford  County  and  began  the  practice  of  law.  He  was 
a  hard  worker  and  soon  won  a  prominent  position  at  the  bar.  Mr.  Shaw 
began  the  accumulation  of  a  library  and  in  time  possessed  one  of  the  best 
collections  of  law  books  in  the  State.  He  was  a  liberal  contributor  to  the 
establishment  of  the  Academy  and  Normal  School  at  Denison,  engaged  in 

[Vol.  4] 


242  HISTORY 


banking  and  became  president  of  a  bank  at  Denison  and  also  at  Manilla. 
In  the  presidential  campaign  of  1896,  Mr.  Shaw  for  the  first  time  took  an 
active  part  in  politics  and  in  the  discussion  of  the  money  issue  he  made 
able  arguments  for  the  gold  standard  which  attracted  attention  and  gave 
him  a  State-wide  reputation  as  an  eflFective  public  speaker.  In  1897  he 
was  nominated  by  the  Republican  State  Convention  for  Governor  and  after 
a  spirited  canvass  was  elected  by  a  majority  of  over  11,000.  Two  years 
later  he  was  reelected  by  a  majority  of  more  than  44,000.  In  1898 
he  was  president  of  the  Sound  Money  Convention  at  Indianapolis,  where 
his  speech  was  considered  an  able  defense  of  the  gold  standard.  Upon  the 
expiration  of  his  second  term  in  January,  1902,  Governor  Shaw  was  ap- 
pointed by  President  Roosevelt  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

WILLIAM  T.  SHAW  was  born  in  Steuben,  Washington  County,  Maine, 
on  the  22d  of  September,  1822.  He  was  educated  in  the  Maine  Wesleyan 
Seminary  and  went  to  Kentucky  where  he  taught  school  for  some  time. 
When  the  Mexican  War  began  he  at  once  enlisted  and  served  through  the 
war  taking  part  in  many  of  the  principal  battles.  In  1849  and  in  1852 
he  led  parties  across  the  great  western  plains  which  were  then  unsettled 
and  infested  with  hostile  Indians.  In  1853  he  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at 
Anamosa.  Upon  the  organization  of  the  Fourteenth  Iowa  Volunteer  In- 
fantry Mr.  Shaw  was  appointed  by  Governor  Kirkwood,  colonel.  He  led 
the  regiment  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight  at  the  Battle  of  Fort  Donelson 
and  again  at  Shiloh  where  his  regiment  was  assailed  by  overwhelming 
numbers  and  forced  to  surrender.  At  the  disastrous  Battle  of  Pleasant 
Hill,  Colonel  Shaw  commanded  a  brigade  and  made  a  most  gallant  fight, 
aiding  greatly  in  saving  General  Banks'  army  from  disaster.  In  a  letter 
written  soon  after  the  battle  he  exposed  the  incompetency  and  drunkenness 
of  certain  of  his  superior  officers  and  they  took  their  revenge  by  procuring 
his  dismissal  from  the  service.  It  was  the  general  opinion  of  his  associ* 
ates  in  the  Red  River  campaign  that  he  richly  deserved  promotion  to  the 
rank  of  Brigadier-General.  In  1875  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican 
ticket  a  member  of  the  House  of  the  Sixteenth  General  Assembly. 

STEPHEN  B.  SHELLEDY  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1802.  He  camo 
to  Iowa  in  1842  and  took  up  his  residence  at  "Tool's  Point"  (now  Mon- 
roe), then  in  Mahaska  County.  He  was  elected  by  the  Whigs  to  the  First 
Constitutional  Convention  which  assembled  that  year.  In  1845  he  was 
chosen  to  represent  Mahaska,  Washington  and  Keokuk  counties  in  the 
House  of  the  Territorial  Legislature  and  was  reelected,  serving  until  Iowa 
became  a  State.  He  was  a  member  of  the  vSecond  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion which  framed  the  organic  law  under  which  the  Territory  became  a 
State.  In  1854  he  was  a  member  of  the  Whig  State  Committee  which 
managed  the  campaign  that  resulted  in  the  election  of  James  W.  Grimes, 


X 


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z-^r^rcf  /-/is'fe7r£^  ^£^, 


OF  IOWA  243 


Governor.  This  was  the  first  defeat  of  the  Democratic  party  since  Iowa 
had  an  existence.  In  1858  Colonel  Shelledy  was  again  elected  to  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House.  He  died  a  few 
years  later. 

BUREN  R.  SHERMAiST,  eleventh  Governor  of  Iowa,  was  born  in  the 
town  of  Phelps,  Ontario  County,  New  York,  on  the  28th  of  May,  1836. 
He  received  his  education  at  the  public  schools  of  Ontario  and  an  academy 
of  Elmira.  When  a  youth  he  worked  for  a  time  with  a  watchmaker  but  in 
1855  he  came  with  his  father's  family  to  Iowa.  Assisting  his  father  on 
the  farm  the  son  gave  a  portion  of  his  time  to  the  study  of  law.  In  1859 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  At  Vinton  he  secured  a  position  as  junior 
member  of  the  law  firm  of  Smyth,  Traer  &  Sherman.  Soon  after  the  be- 
ginning of  the  Civil  War  Mr.  Sherman  enlisted  in  Company  G,  Thirteenth 
Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry,  was  soon  promoted  to  second  lieutenant  of  Com- 
pany E,and  was  severely  wounded  at  the  Battle  of  Shiloh.  He  was  promoted 
to  captain  and  served  several  months,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  disa- 
bility occasioned  by  his  wound.  After  returning  to  Vinton  he  was  elected 
county  judge  and  in  1866  was  elected  clerk  of  the  District  Court,  serving 
by  reelections  until  1874  when  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republican  State 
Convention  for  Auditor  of  State  and  elected.  He  served  in  that  position 
three  terms  with  marked  ability.  In  1881  he  was  nominated  by  the  Re- 
publican party  for  Governor  and  elected  by  a  large  majority.  He  was 
reSlected  in  1883.    He  is  a  prominent  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity. 

HOYT  SHERMAN,  son  of  Charles  R.  Sherman,  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Ohio,  was  born  in  Lancaster  County,  November  1,  1827,  and  is 
the  younger  brother  of  John  Sherman,  the  distinguished  Ohio  statesman, 
and  of  General  William  T.  Sherman  of  Civil  War  fame.  Until  eighteen 
years  of  age,  Hoyt's  time  was  divided  between  school  and  the  printing 
office.  In  the  spring  of  1848  he  came  to  Fort  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  then  far 
out  on  the  western  frontier.  In  1849  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  be- 
gan to  practice  law,  and  also  engaged  in  real  estate  business.  In  March 
of  that  year  he  was  appointed  by  President  Taylor  postmaster  of  Des 
Moines,  holding  that  position  until  the  inauguration  of  President  Pierce, 
when  he  resigned  and  was  elected  clerk  of  the  District  Court.  In  1854  he 
was  the  senior  member  of  the  banking  house  of  Hoyt  Sherman  &  Co.,  and 
upon  the  establishment  of  the  State  Bank  of  Iowa  he  became  cashier  of 
the  Des  Moines  branch  and  was  one  of  the  directors  on  part  of  the  State 
to  supervise  the  system  and  guard  the  public  interests.  When  the  Civil 
War  began  Mr.  Sherman  was  appointed  by  President  Lincoln  paymaster 
in  the  Union  army  with  the  rank  of  major,  holding  the  position  for  three 
years.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Equitable  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany of  Iowa  and  for  many  years  its  general  manager.     That  institution 


244  HISTORY 


owes  much  of  its  stability  and  high  standing  to  the  fine  executive  ability 
and  unquestioned  integrity  of  Major  Sherman.  In  1866,  Major  Sherman 
was  a  member  of  the  House  of  the  Eleventh  General  Assembly  where  he 
was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  railroads  and  a  member  of  the  com- 
mittee of  ways  and  means.  In  1886  he  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association  and  has  always  been  one  of  its  most 
•  influential  members,  serving  as  president  and  long  a  member  of  the  execu- 
tive committee.  He  has  contributed  valuable  historical  articles  to  the 
Annals  of  Iowa  on  "  Early  Banking  in  Iowa,"  and  on  the  "  State  Bank  of 
Iowa."  For  many  years  he  was  the  executive  ofiicer  of  the  Associated 
Charities  of  Des  Moines. 

JOHN  C.  SHERWIlSr  was  born  at  Berlin,  Erie  County,  Ohio,  February 
6,  1851.  His  early  education  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools  and  later 
he  attended  Ripon  and  Beloit  colleges  in  Wisconsin.  After  leaving  college 
he  entered  the  Madison  Law  School  from  which  he  graduated  in  1875. 
He  removed  to  Mason  City,  Iowa,  in  1876,  where  he  entered  upon  the 
practice  of  his  profession.  He  was  mayor  of  that  city  in  1884-5,  and  the 
latter  year  was  elected  District  Attorney  of  the  Twelfth  Judicial  District. 
In  September,  1888,  he  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  to  fill  a  vacancy  as 
judge  of  the  District  Court  and  was  continuously  reelected,  serving  until 
1900  when  he  became  a  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  having  been  elected 
on  the  Republican  ticket. 

JAMES  H.  SHIELDS  was  born  near  Bowling  Green,  Missouri,  May 
8,  1842,  and  soon  after  his  parents  removed  to  Dubuque,  Iowa,  where  his 
early  education  was  acquired.  He  was  sent  to  Union  College,  New  York, 
where  he  graduated  in  the  class  of  1862.  Returning  to  Dubuque  he  studied 
law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  followed  that  profession  for  thirty-nine 
years.  He  was  elected  on  the  Democratic  ticket  District  Attorney  for  the 
Ninth  Judicial  District  in  1883,  serving  four  years.  In  1889  he  was 
elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  in  the  Twenty-third  and  Twenty-fourth 
General  Assemblies.  He  was  a  delegate  at  large  and  chairman  of  the 
Iowa  delegation  to  the  Democratic  National  Convention  at  Chicago  in  1892. 
He  has  been  for  some  time  president  of  the  Dubuque  Business  Men's  League, 
an  organization  composed  of  jobbers,  manufacturers,  real  estate  owners  and 
capitalists  of  Dubuque. 

JOHN  G.  SHIELDS  was  born  on  the  22d  of  May,  1811,  in  Grayson 
County,  Kentucky.  He  was  one  of  the  earliest  settlers  in  the  "  Black 
Hawk  Purchase,"  long  before  it  was  organized  into  Iowa  Territory.  In 
1835  he  went  to  the  Dubuque  lead  mines  and  established  a  store  which  for 
more  than  twenty  years  furnished  goods  for  the  early  settlers  in  the  lumber 
regions  of  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota.     He  was  several  terms  alderman  of 


THE 
NEW  YORK      A 
'public  LIBRAUV  \ 


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max  and  Uioen 
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; 


Astof,  Lenox  ^nj  i.,ueii 
Founii3i'o.-.3. 


OF  IOWA  245 


the  city  of  Dubuque  and  served  as  mayor  in  1855-6.  Mr.  Shields  was 
elected  on  the  Democratic  ticket  to  the  State  Senate  in  the  summer  of 
1848  and  was  repeatedly  reelected,  serving  continuously  for  eight  years. 
His  district  embraced  thirteen  counties  a  portion  of  the  time.  He  was 
a  practical  legislator  and  took  an  active  part  in  formulating  the  early 
laws  of  Iowa.  In  1851  he  was  appointed  senior  Major-General  of  the 
State  Militia  by  Governor  Hempstead  and  organized  the  troops  to  repel  the 
Clear  Lake  invasion  of  1854.  General  Shields,  with  Jesse  P.  Farley 
organized  the  first  Dubuque  steamboat  line  in  1850  long  before  any  rail- 
roads were  built  in  Iowa.  He  was  a  lifelong  Democrat  and  was  one  of 
the  honored  and  highly  esteemed  pioneers  of  Dubuque.  He  died  on  the 
25th  of  June,  1856. 

OLI^T^^R  P.  SHIRAS,  jurist,  a  native  of  Pennsylvania,  was  born  in 
Pittsburg,  October  22,  1833.  He  graduated  from  the  Ohio  University  in 
1853  and  took  a  three  years'  course  at  Yale,  graduating  in  the  Law  De- 
partment and  in  1856  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  came  to  Iowa  the 
same  year,  locating  at  Dubuque,  where  he  became  a  member  of  the  law 
firm  of  Bissell,  Wells  and  Shiras.  In  1862  Mr.  Shiras  joined  the  Union 
army  as  quartermaster  of  the  Twenty-seventh  Iowa  Infantry,  serving 
until  November,  18G4.  He  resumed  the  practice  of  law  in  Dubuque  and 
in  1882  was  appointed  by  the  President  Judge  of  the  United  States  District 
Court  for  Northern  Iowa.  Judge  Shiras  has  long  been  deeply  interested 
in  education  and  literary  affairs,  having  served  many  years  as  president 
of  the  Literary  Association  of  Dubuque.  As  a  lawyer  and  judge  he  ranks 
among  the  ablest  in  the  State. 

CHRISTIAN  W.  SLAGLE  was  born  in  Washington,  Pennsylvania, 
November  17,  1821,  and  graduated  from  Washington  College  in  1840.  He 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1843.  Coming  to  Iowa  the  same 
year,  he  located  at  Fairfield  which  became  his  permanent  home.  Here  he 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1848  he  was  one  of  the  active 
promoters  of  Congressional  grants  of  public  lands  for  aiding  in  the  con- 
struction of  railroads  in  Iowa.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Jeffer- 
son County  Agricultural  Society  and  also  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society. 
He  was  an  untiring  worker  in  the  establishment  and  development  of  the 
public  library  and  museum  of  Fairfield  and  one  of  the  first  trustees  of  the 
institution.  To  him  is  due  the  preservation  of  the  recollections  of  pioneers 
of  that  section  of  the  State  in  a  County  History.  Mr.  Slagle  took  a  deep 
interest  in  the  development  of  the  State  University  of  Iowa,  serving  as 
one  of  the  regents  from  1866  to  1882,  and  acting  president  of  the  University 
in  1877-8.     His  death  occurred  in  Fairfield  October  3,   1882. 

HIRAM  Y.  SMITH  was  born  in  Piqua,  Ohio,  March  22,  1843.  He 
received  a  liberal  education,  graduating  at  the  Law  School  of  Albany.    He 


246  HISTORY 


located  in  Des  Moines,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  began  practice  in  1866. 
He  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  District  Attorney  for  the  Fifth 
Judicial  District  in  1874,  serving  four  years.  In  1881  he  was  elected  to 
the  State  Senate,  serving  in  the  Nineteenth  and  Twentieth  General  As- 
semblies. He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  the  Seventh  District  in  1886  to  fill 
a  vacancy.     He  died  on  the  4th  of  November,  1895. 

LEWIS  H.  SMITH,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  northwestern  Iowa,  was 
born  at  West  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  March  21,  1835.  and  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  place.  He  came  west  in 
1853,  and  was  employed  in  the  survey  of  the  line  of  the  Rock  Island  Rail- 
road through  Iowa  until  1855,  when  he  engaged  in  school  teaching.  When 
C.  C.  Carpenter  was  employed  in  surveying  public  lands  in  Kossuth  County, 
Mr.  Smith  was  one  of  his  party.  He  remained  at  Algona  and  surveyed 
and  platted  that  town.  In  1857  he  was  a  volunteer  in  a  company  raised  to 
protect  that  part  of  the  State  against  the  hostile  Sioux  Indians.  As  a 
surveyor  he  platted  the  town  of  Estherville,  the  county-seat  of  Emmet 
County;  and  in  1857  was  elected  county  judge  of  Kossuth,  serving  most 
of  the  time  until  the  office  was  abolished.  In  1861  Mr.  Smith  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar,  and  in  the  following  year  was  appointed  quartermaster 
of  the  Northern  Border  Brigade  which  was  organized  to  guard  the  settlers 
from  attacks  from  the  Sioux  Indians.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Republi- 
can State  Central  Committee  in  1858-60  and  secretary  of  the  State  Con- 
vention. Mr.  Smith  was  enrolling  and  reading  clerk  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives in  1860-1.  For  twelve  years  he  served  as  trustee  of  the  Hos- 
pital for  Insane  at  Independence  and  during  eight  years  was  president  of 
the  board. 

MILO  SMITH  was  born  in  the  State  of  Vennont  about  the 
year  1819.  He  came  to  Iowa  taking  up  his  residence  at  Clinton.  The 
Twenty-sixth  Regiment  of  Iowa  Volunteers  was  raised  in  Clinton  County 
in  the  summer  of  1862.  Milo  Smith  was  appointed  colonel  and  remained 
in  command  until  near  the  close  of  the  war,  making  an  excellent  officer. 
He  resigned  the  command  in  January,  1865,  and  returned  to  private  life 
and  was  soon  after  appointed  General  Superintendent  of  the  Des  Moines 
Valley  Railroad  which  position  he  held  many  years. 

RODERICK  A.  SMITH,  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  northwestern  Iowa, 
was  born  in  the  State  of  New  York,  October  13,  1831,  and  came  to  Iowa  in 
1856.  In  1857  he  was  a  volunteer  in  the  Spirit  Lake  Relief  expedition 
under  Major  Williams  which  marched  to  the  scene  of  the  massacre  by  the 
Sioux  Indians.  He  made  his  home  at  Spirit  Lake  soon  after  the  massacre 
and  in  1867  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Twelfth  General  Assembly 
from  the  district  composed  of  the  counties  of  Dickinson,  Emmet,  Clay  and 


OF  IOWA  247 


Palo  Alto.  He  has  long  been  a  member  of  the  Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Asso- 
ciaticn  of  Iowa,  and  in  1898  read  before  the  Association  a  valuable  his- 
torieal  article  on  the  "  Iowa  Frontier  During  the  War  of  the  Rebellion.'* 
In  1894  he  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  a  member  of  the  State  Com- 
mission to  superintend  the  erection  of  a  moniiment  to  the  memory  of  the 
victims  of  the  Spirit  Lake  massacre  and  the  Relief  Expedition  under  Major 
Williams.  To  Mr.  Smith  was  assigned  the  duty  of  grading  the  ground, 
superintending  the  construction  of  the  monument  and  reinterring  the  re- 
mains of  the  victims  of  the  massacre.  Mr.  Smith  is  the  author  of  a  very 
complete  "  History  of  Dickinson  County  "  which  is  a  valuable  contribution 
to  the  historical  record  of  northwestern  Iowa. 

WALTER  I.  SMITH  is  a  native  of  Council  Bluffs,  where  he  was  born 
July  10,  1862.  He  received  a  public  school  education,  taught  school  and 
studied  law  in  the  office  of  D.  B.  Dailey.  In  December,  1882,  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar.  He  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  in  1890  judge 
of  the  Fifteenth  Judicial  District,  which  position  he  held  by  reelections 
until  September,  1900,  when  he  resigned,  having  been  nominated  by  the 
Republicans  of  the  Ninth  Congressional  District  for  Representative  in 
Congress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  was  elected,  serving  in  the  Fifty-sixth  Con- 
gress, was  reelected  to  the  Fifty-seventh,  where  he  was  a  member  of  the 
special  committee  to  investigate  "  hazing "  at  the  West  Point  Military 
Academy.  Mr.  Smith  was  a  member  of  the  committee  on  banking  and 
currency,  and  also  on  elections.  He  was  reelected  to  the  Fifty-eighth  Con- 
gress; and  in  1902  presided  over  the  Republican  State  Convention  at  Des 
Moines  where  he  made  the  opening  address  which  sounded  the  keynote 
of  the  campaign. 

WILLIAM  R.  SMITH  was  born  in  Ocean  County,  New  Jersey,  Decem- 
ber 30,  1828.  His  boyhood  days  were  spent  on  a  farm  and  in  the  winter 
he  attended  the  public  school.  In  1845  the  family  removed  to  Michigan 
where  the  son  taught  several  winters.  He  had  decided  to  study  medicine 
and  when  about  twenty-one  went  to  New  York  City  and  attended  lectures. 
In  1856  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  in  the  frontier  town  of  Sioux  City. 
Northwestern  Iowa,  Dakota  and  northern  Nebraska  were  at  that  time 
almost  entirely  unsettled.  Sioux  City  was  but  a  little  village  remote  from 
railroad  and  reached  only  by  a  semi-weekly  stage  line  from  Dubuque.  In 
the  spring  of  1861,  when  the  Sioux  Indians  were  threatening  the  frontier 
settlements  of  Iowa,  Minnesota,  Dakota  and  Nebraska  military  companies 
were  organized  for  protection  and  Dr.  Smith  was  chosen  a  lieutenant  in 
one  consisting  of  mounted  riflemen,  in  which  he  served  until  relieved  by 
the  arrival  of  United  States  troops.  He  was  appointed  Government  sur- 
geon and  was  sent  on  a  sanitary  tour  of  inspection  among  the  Iowa 
regiments  serving  in  the  Vieksburg  campaign.     In  1863  he  was  appointed 


248  HISTORY 


siirgeon  of  the  Board  of  Enrollment  for  the  Sixth  Congressional  District 
and  served  through  the  draft  of  1864,  being  stationed  at  Fort  Dodge.  He 
served  as  mayor  of  Sioux  City,  was  one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  First 
National  Bank,  also  of  the  Sioux  City  &  St.  Paul  and  other  railroad  com- 
panies. In  1878  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Gear  one  of  the  Commis- 
sioners to  the  Paris  Exposition.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Cobden  Club 
of  England  and  deeply  interested  in  tariff  reform.  Dr.  Smith  was  one 
of  the  founders  of  the  First  Unitarian  Church  of  Sioux  City  and  an  active 
member  of  the  Iowa  and  Western  Conferences  of  that  denomination.  In 
politics  he  was  an  independent  Republican  of  the  George  William  Curtis 
stamp  and  always  acted  up  to  his  convictions  of  right,  regardless  of  party 
platforms.  He  served  for  thirteen  years  as  Receiver  of  the  United  States 
Land  Office  at  Sioux  City  and  as  such  had  the  custody  of  millions  of  dollars 
of  the  public  money  during  the  sales  of  public  lands. 

ROBERT  SIVIYTH,  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Linn  County,  was  born  in 
Ireland,  February  26,  1814.  He  came  to  America  in  1834  and  located  in 
Linn  County,  Iowa,  in  1840.  Here  he  became  an  extensive  dealer  in  real 
estate  and  afterwards  engaged  in  banking.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Sixth  Territorial  Legislature  in  1843-4  and  of  the  State  Legislature  in 
1846-8.  Mr.  Smyth  was  again  a  member  in  1838,  serving  four  years  in 
the  Senate.  In  1884  he  served  in  the  House  of  the  Twentieth  General  As- 
sembly forty  years  after  he  first  became  an  Iowa  lawmaker.  Colonel 
Smyth  was  one  of  the  paymasters  of  the  United  States  army  for  several 
years,  disbursing  more  than  $10,000,000  during  his  term.  He  died  at 
Mount  Vernon  April  3,  1898. 

WILLIAM  SMYTH  was  born  in  Tyrone  County,  Ireland,  January  3, 
1824.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  America  when  about  fifteen  years  of 
age  and  in  1840  located  in  Linn  County,  Iowa.  Mr.  Smyth  studied  law 
at  Iowa  City  and  in  1848  opened  a  law  office  in  Marion.  In  1853  he  was 
appointed  judge  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  District,  serving  until  1857.  In 
1858  he  was  chosen  by  the  Seventh  General  Assembly  one  of  three  com- 
missioners to  revise  and  codify  the  laws  of  the  State.  Their  work  was 
accepted  by  the  Legislature  and  became  the  Code  of  1860.  Judge  Smyth 
was  then  appointed  on  the  Commission  of  Legal  Inquiry.  In  1861  he  was 
one  of  the  commissioners  appointed  to  negotiate  the  bonds  issued  by  the 
State  to  provide  a  war  defense  fund.  In  August,  1862,  he  was  com- 
missioned colonel  of  the  Thirty-first  Iowa  Infantry  and  served  in  the  field 
until  December,  1864,  when  he  resigned  on  account  of  failing  health.  In 
1868  he  was  elected  to  Congress  and  served  until  his  death  in  1870. 

FRANCIS  SPRINGER  was  born  in  the  State  of  Maine,  April  15, 
1811.     He  worked  on   a  farm   in   boyhood   and   attended   district   school 


OF  IOWA  249 


during  the  winter  months.  When  eighteen  years  of  age  he  began  to  teach 
at  ten  dollars  a  month.  In  1833  he  studied  law  and  five  years  later 
went  to  the  far  west,  locating  at  the  new  town  of  Wapello,  in  Louisa 
County,  Iowa.  He  was  the  first  lawyer  in  the  new  county  and  in  1840 
was  elected  on  the  Whig  ticket  to  represent  Louisa  and  Washington  coun- 
ties in  the  Council  of  the  Legislative  Assembly,  where  he  served  four 
years.  Upon  the  admission  of  Iowa  as  a  State,  in  1846,  Mr.  Springer  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  First  General  Assembly  where  he  served  four 
years.  In  1849-50  he  was  a  special  agent  of  the  Post-Office  Department 
and  in  1851  was  appointed  Register  of  the  United  States  Land  Office  at 
Fairfield.  In  1854  he  was  elected  Prosecuting  Attorney  and  in  1855  was 
chosen  District  Judge.  In  1856  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  first  Republican 
National  Convention  which  nominated  John  C.  Fremont  for  President. 
In  1857  Judge  Springer  was  a  member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the 
present  Constitution  of  the  State  and  was  the  permanent  president  of  that 
body.  He  was  again  elected  District  Judge  in  1858,  serving  until  1860, 
when  he  resigned  to  accept  the  position  of  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue. 
In  1882,  on  the  19th  of  January,  a  reunion  of  the  surviving  members  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention  of  1857  was  held  at  Des  Moines,  at  which 
Judge  Springer  presided.  It  was  the  twenty-fifth  anniversary  of  the 
Convention  which  framed  the  Constitution  and  Judge  Springer  delivered 
an  address  of  great  historic  interest.     He  died  on  the  2d  of  October,  1898. 

FRANK  SPRINGER  is  the  son  of  Judge  Francis  Springer  and  was 
born  at  Wapello,  Iowa,  June  17,  1848.  He  graduated  from  the  State 
University  in  1867  and  immediately  began  the  study  of  law  at  Burling- 
ton. The  following  year  he  matriculated  with  the  senior  class  at  the 
State  University  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1869.  He  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  law  in  Burlington  and  was  soon  appointed  Special  Prose- 
cuting Attorney.  In  1873  Mr.  Springer  removed  to  New  Mexico  where  he 
was  employed  as  attorney  for  the  famous  Maxwell  Land  Grant  Company 
which  brought  him  into  prominence  before  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court.  In  1883  he  became  a  resident  of  Las  Vegas  where  he  has  since 
resided.  He  was  chosen  president  of  the  Maxwell  Land  Company  in  1891 
and  has  been  counsel  for  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway  Com- 
pany since  1878.  Mr.  Springer  served  several  terms  in  the  Territorial 
Legislature  of  New  Mexico  and  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Con- 
vention in  1889.  In  the  same  year  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Bar 
Association  of  New  Mexico.  In  1902  he  was  a  member  of  the  New  Mexico 
Irrigation  Commission  and  president  of  the  Board  of  Regents  of  the  Nor- 
mal University.  From  early  youth  Mr.  Springer  took  a  deep  interest  in 
natural  science,  and  while  at  the  University  gave  special  attention  to 
geology.  At  Burlington  he  became  acquainted  with  Professor  Wachsmuth 
and  was  associated  with  him  in  his  studies  and  publications  on  crinoids. 


250  HISTORY 


He  was  also  author  of  the  "'  Revision  of  the  Palffiocrinoidea,"  published  by 
the  Philadelphia  Academy  of  Sciences.  He  and  Professor  Wachsmuth  con- 
solidated their  collections  and  libraries,  added  much  by  exchanges  and 
erected  a  fire-proof  building  at  Burlington  where  the  wonderful  collection 
is  housed.  The  principal  scientific  writings  of  Mr.  Springer  are  in  collabor- 
ation with  Professor  Wachsmuth.  He  is  working  upon  a  continuation  of 
the  "  Monograph  of  North  American  Crinoids,"  the  first  three  volumes 
of  which  appeared  in  1896,  with  Professor  Wachsmuth  as  joint  author. 
This  is  the  most  important  scientific  work  ever  produced  in  the  State. 

EDGAR  W.  STANTON  was  born  in  Waymast,  Pennsylvania,  Octo- 
ber 3,  1850.  His  education  was  begun  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town  and  continued  at  Waymast  Normal  School  and  Delaware  Literary 
Institute  at  Franklin,  New  York.  In  1870  he  came  to  Iowa,  entering  the 
State  Agricultural  College,  where  he  graduated  in  1872.  The  following 
year  he  was  appointed  instructor  in  mathematics  and  in  1877  became 
full  professor  in  that  department,  continuing  in  that  capacity  until  the 
death  of  President  Beardshear  in  1902  when  he  was  appointed  acting 
president  of  the  college.  Professor  Stanton  became  secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Trustees  in  1873  and  retained  that  office  until  he  became  acting  presi- 
dent. For  over  thirty  years  Professor  Stanton  has  been  intimately  asso- 
ciated with  the  financial  and  general  business  management  of  the  college 
with  its  large  endowment  arising  from  the  Government  land  grant  and 
It  may  be  truly  said  that  to  his  fidelity,  unusual  business  capacity  and 
intimate  knowledge  of  the  aims  of  the  College,  the  institution  is  more 
largely  indebted  for  its  remarkable  development  and  general  prosperity, 
than  to  any  other  man  now  living.  His  management  of  the  business  in- 
trusted to  his  supervision  has  received  the  unreserved  approval  of  suc- 
cessive boards  of  trustees,  and  as  an  instructor  in  his  department  he  has 
been  remarkably  successful.    He  is  the  author  of  "  Stanton's  Algebra." 

THADDEUS  H.  STANTON  was  born  in  the  State  of  Indiana  in  1835. 
He  came  to  Iowa  in  1851,  taking  up  his  residence  at  Mount  Pleasant  where 
he  became  editor  of  an  antislavery  paper.  Later  he  removed  to  Wash- 
ington in  this  State  and  was  for  several  years  editor  of  the  Washington 
Press,  a  Republican  paper.  He  was  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Herald 
at  the  beginning  of  the  Rebellion  but  enlisted  and  served  three  months. 
In  October,  1861,  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Ninth  General  As- 
sembly and  served  through  the  regular  and  extra  sessions.  After  the 
close  of  his  term  he  reentered  the  military  service  and  at  the  close  of  the 
war  was  appointed  paymaster  with  the  rank  of  major  in  the  regular 
army.  He  held  this  position  for  twenty  years  and  was  successively  pro- 
moted, reaching  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General.  At  the  close  of  the  Spanish 
war  he  retired  from  active  service. 


OF  IOWA  251 


JOHN  L.  STEVENS  was  born  in  Northfield,  Vermont,  on  the  29th  of 
May,  1850.  He  attended  the  common  schools  several  years  and  in  1863 
came  to  Iowa,  making  his  home  at  Cedar  Rapids.  He  entered  the  Iowa 
State  College  where  he  graduated  as  a  civil  engineer  in  1872.  Soon  after 
he  entered  upon  the  study  of  law  and  began  to  practice  in  1874,  locating 
in  Boone.  In  politics  he  was  a  Republican,  and  in  1879  was  elected  Dis- 
trict Attorney  of  the  Eleventh  Judicial  District,  serving  until  1886,  when 
he  was  elected  judge,  holding  that  position  until  1893.  He  was  for  several 
years  one  of  the  commissioners  appointed  by  the  President  to  adjust  the 
long  pending  claims  of  the  settlers  on  the  Des  Moines  River  lands. 

EDWARD  H.  STILES  was  born  in  Granby,  Connecticut,  October  8, 
1836,  He  received  a  liberal  education  in  the  New  England  schools,  studied 
law  and  removed  to  Iowa  in  1856,  locating  at  Ottumwa.  where  the  following 
year  he  began  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1859  he  was  chosen  city 
attorney  and  in  1861  county  attorney.  In  1863  he  was  elected  on  the  Re- 
publican ticket  Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Tenth  General  Assembly. 
At  the  close  of  the  term  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate.  In  1867  he 
was  chosen  reporter  of  the  Supreme  Court,  a  position  he  held  for  eight 
years.  During  his  term  of  service  he  edited,  compiled  and  published  fifteen 
volumes  known  as  "  Stiles'  Iowa  Reports "  which  rank  high  among  the 
law  reports  of  the  country.  He  also  prepared  and  published  four  volumes 
of  digests  of  the  decisions  of  the  Iowa  Supreme  Court  from  the  time  of 
its  Territorial  organization  down  to  the  close  of  volume  fifty-eight  of  the 
Iowa  Reports.  In  1881  he  began  to  collect  the  material  for  a  "  History 
of  the  Early  Bench  and  Bar  of  Iowa."  In  1883  he  was  the  Republican 
candidate  for  Congress  in  the  Sixth  District  but  by  a  fusion  of  the  Demo- 
cratic and  Greenback  parties  in  support  of  General  J.  B.  Weaver,  Mr. 
Stiles  was  defeated.  In  1886  he  removed  to  Kansas  City,  where  he  ranked 
high  at  the  bar,  having  served  as  Circuit  Judge  and  Master  in  Chancery 
of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court. 

LACON  D.  STOCKTON  located  in  Burlington,  Iowa,  in  1836.  He 
entered  upon  the  practice  of  law  and  became  one  of  the  leading  members 
of  the  bar.  In  politics  he  was  a  Whig  but  took  no  active  part  in  public 
affaire,  confining  himself  strictly  to  the  duties  of  his  profession.  He  was 
a  personal  friend  of  James  W.  Grimes  and  after  the  resignation  of  Judge 
Isbell  from  the  Supreme  bench,  Governor  Grimes  on  the  17th  of  May, 
1856,  appointed  Mr.  Stockton  to  fill  the  vacancy.  In  January,  1857,  he 
was  elected  by  the  General  Assembly.  Under  the  new  Constitution  the 
judges  were  to  be  elected  by  the  people.  Judge  Stockton  was  nominated 
by  the  Republicans  and  elected  for  a  full  term  of  six  years,  in  October, 
1859,  but  died  on  the  9th  of  June,  1860. 


252  HISTORY 


GEORGE  A.  STONE  was  born  in  Schoharie,  New  York,  on  the  13th  of 
October,  1833,  and  came  to  Iowa  with  his  father  in  1839,  locating  in 
Washington  County.  After  completing  his  studies  at  Mount  Pleasant  the 
son  procured  a  position  in  a  bank  in  that  place,  serving  as  cashier  until 
the  beginning  of  the  Rebellion.  Early  in  the  spring  of  1861  he  assisted  in 
raising  Company  P,  First  Iowa  Volunteers,  and  was  chosen  first  lieuten- 
ant. He  took  part  in  the  Battle  of  Wilson's  Creek  and  served  in  Missouri 
until  the  three  months'  regiment  was  mustered  out.  In  October 
he  was  commissioned  major  of  the  Fourth  Iowa  Cavalry  and  in  August, 
1862,  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Iowa  Infantry.  He  served 
through  the  war  with  that  regiment  participating  in  the  Battle  of  Arkan- 
sas Post,  in  the  Vicksburg  campaign,  the  battles  about  Chattanooga  and 
in  Sherman's  march  to  the  sea.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  brevetted 
Brigadier-General.  Upon  his  return  to  Mount  Pleasant  he  again  engaged 
in  banking.  In  1884  General  Stone  was  appointed  National  Bank  Exam- 
iner which  position  he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death,  which  occurred  on 
the  28th  of  May,  1901. 

JOHN  Y.  STONE  was  born  near  Springfield,  Illinois,  on  the  23d  of 
April,  1843,  and  came  with  his  parents  to  Iowa  in  1856.  He  received  a 
liberal  education  and  at  the  beginning  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  enlisted 
in  the  Fifteenth  Iowa  Infantry  and  served  until  peace  was  restored.  He 
then  returned  to  Glenwood  and  studied  law  with  William  Hale,  afterwards 
entering  into  partnership  with  him.  Mr.  Stone  was  elected  Representative 
in  the  House  of  the  Twelfth  and  Thirteenth  General  Assemblies  and  to 
the   Senate   of   the   Fourteenth,   serving   four   years   in    each   branch.      In 

1875  he  was  again  elected  to  the  House,  serving  four  years  more,  the 
last  term  as  Speaker.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Con- 
vention in  1876  and  a  member  of  the  National  Republican  Committee  from 

1876  to  1880.  He  was  again  a  delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Con- 
vention in  1884.  In  1888  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republican  State 
Convention  for  Attorney-General  and  elected,  serving  three  terms.  During 
his  busy  life  in  law  and  politics.  General  Stone  has  found  time  to  engage 
largely  in  fruit  gro\ving.  He  began  many  years  ago  to  plant  apple  trees 
in  Mills  County  and  continued  until  over  eight  hundred  acres  were  io 
orchard,  upon  which  were  growing  more  than  100,000  bearing  apple  trees. 
He  also  planted  a  vineyard  of  more  than  75.000  grape  vines ;  these  with  his 
apple  orchard  made  the  largest  fruit  plantation  in  the  State. 

JOSEPH  C.  STONE  was  born  in  Westport,  New  York,  July  30,  1829. 
He  came  with  his  father  to  the  Territory  of  Iowa  in  1844,  attended  the 
public  schools  and  later  studied  medicine,  graduating  at  the  Medical  De- 
partment of  the  St.  Louis  University  in  1854.  He  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  the  First  Iowa  Cavalry  in  June,  1861,  and  was  successively  promoted  to 


OF  IOWA  253 


adjutant  of  the  regiment,  captain  and  assistant  adjutant-general  of  volun- 
teers. He  served  to  the  close  of  the  war  and  returned  to  the  practice  of 
medicine.  In  1876  he  was  elected  to  Congress  from  the  First  District  on 
the  E-epubliean  ticket,  serving  but  one  term. 

WILLIAil  M.  STONE,  sixth  Governor  of  Iowa,  was  born  in  Jeffer- 
son County,  New  York,  October  14,  1827.  In  1834  his  parents  removed  to 
Coshocton,  Ohio,  and  for  two  seasons  he  drove  horses  on  the  canal  and 
when  seventeen  was  apprenticed  to  a  chairmaker.  At  twenty-one  he  be- 
gan to  read  law  and  in  1851  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1854  he 
emigi-ated  to  Knoxville,  Iowa,  and  began  practice.  He  purchased  the 
Knoxville  Journal  and  took  editorial  charge  of  it.  Mr.  Stone  was  a  dele- 
gate to  the  convention  which  organized  the  Republican  party  and  was 
nominated  for  presidential  elector  in  the  Fremont  campaign  of  that  year. 
He  was  an  eloquent  public  speaker  and  won  wide  reputation.  In  April, 
1857,  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  Eleventh  District.  When  the  Civil  War 
began  he  raised  a  company  for  the  Third  Infantry  and  was  commissioned 
major  of  the  regiment.  He  was  taken  prisoner  at  the  Battle  of  Shiloh 
and  after  his  release  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Twenty-second  In- 
fantry. He  resigned  in  August,  1863,  having  been  nominated  for  Governor 
by  the  Republican  State  Convention.  He  at  once  entered  upon  the  cam- 
paign and  was  elected  over  Colonel  James  M.  Tuttle  the  Democratic  can- 
didate, by  more  than  38,000  majority.  He  was  reelected  by  a  reduced 
majority  and  during  his  term  his  private  secretary  in  the  absence  of  the 
Governor  appropriated  to  his  own  use  funds  belonging  to  various  counties 
of  the  State.  An  investigation  by  the  General  Assembly  exonerated  the 
Governor  from  any  knowledge  of  or  participation  in  the  transactions.  In 
1877  Governor  Stone  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Seventeenth  General 
Assembly.  In  1888  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  presidential  electors  and 
upon  the  accession  of  President  Harrison  he  was  appointed  Assistant 
Commissioner  of  the  Land  Office  at  Washington  and  later  was  promoted 
to  Commissioner.  Governor  Stone  died  in  Oklahoma  Territory,  July  18, 
1893. 

HENRY  L.  STOUT  was  born  in  Hunterdon  County,  New  Jersey, 
October  23,  1814.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  his  education  acquired  in 
the  public  schools.  In  1836,  before  Iowa  became  a  Territory,  he  located 
in  Dubuque  and  for  half  a  century  was  closely  identified  with  the  business 
interests  and  growth  of  that  city.  He  built  up  one  of  the  largest  lumber 
establishments  of  the  country,  the  business  growing  to  an  estimated  value 
of  $4,000,000.  The  yards  and  mills  are  located  in  Wisconsin,  Iowa  and 
Missouri,  having  an  annual  output  of  more  than  125,000,000  feet.  Mr, 
Stout  has  long  been  largely  interested  in  the  breeding  and  raising  of 
trotting  horses  and  his  name  is  known  throughout  the  country  as  the 
owner  of  "Nutwood,"  who  became  the  king  of  trotting  sires,  leading  all 


254  HISTORY 


sires  of  his  age  in  both  first  and  second  generation.     Mr.   Stout  died  in 
Dubuque,  July   17,   1900. 

JOSEPH  M.  STREET  was  born  in  Lunenburg  County,  Virginia,  De- 
cember 15,  1782.  He  went  to  Kentucky,  studied  law  with  Henry  Clay 
and  practiced  a  few  years.  Later  he  was  editor  of  the  Western  World, 
published  at  Frankfort,  which  became  famous  for  exposing  the  conspiracy 
of  Aaron  Burr  to  dismember  the  Union.  Street  was  repeatedly  assailed  by 
the  friends  of  Burr  and  at  one  time  severely  wounded.  He  lived  for 
several  years  at  Shawneetown,  Illinois,  where  he  held  various  offices.  In 
1827  be  was  appointed  by  President  Adams  agent  at  Prairie  du  Chien  for 
the  Winnebago  Indians.  During  his  long  service  in  that  position  he 
established  schools  and  instructed  them  in  farming.  He  protected  them 
from  plundering  traders  and  acquired  great  influence  with  that  tribe. 
During  the  Black  Hawk  war  he  removed  the  Winnebagos  out  of  reach 
of  the  influence  of  the  Sac  chief  with  whom  they  sympathized.  He  was 
instrumental  in  securing  the  surrender  of  Black  Hawk  and  fifty  members 
of  his  band  who  escaped  from  the  massacre  of  Bad  Ax,  to  Greneral  Taylor 
at  Fort  Crawford,  and  was  also  instrumental  in  procuring  the  removal 
of  the  Winnebagos  from  Wisconsin  to  northern  Iowa  upon  lands  they 
had  accepted  in  exchange.  In  1835  General  Street  was  transferred  to 
Rock  Island  as  agent  for  the  Sac  and  Fox  Indians.  In  1838  he  selected 
the  site  for  the  new  agency  of  the  Sac  and  Foxes  on  the  Des  Moines  River 
which  became  known  as  Agency  City,  which  was  in  Wapello  County,  near 
where  Ottumwa  stands.  Here  General  Street  died  May  5,  1840,  and  was 
buried  near  the  grave  of  the  chief  Wapello. 

GEORGE  R.  STRUBLE  was  born  in  Sussex  County,  New  York,  July 
25,  1836.  He  became  a  resident  of  Ohio  at  an  early  age  where  he  attended 
the  common  schools  and  the  Academy  at  Chesterville.  He  removed  to 
Iowa  City  in  1856,  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1857 
he  removed  to  Toledo  in  Tama  County,  where  he  began  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  He  served  several  years  as  circuit  judge  in  the  Eighth  Judicial 
District.  In  1879  he  was  elected  Representative  in  the  Eighteenth  General 
Assembly  and  at  the  close  of  the  term  was  reelected.  He  received  the 
nomination  of  the  Republicans  and  was  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
the  Nineteenth  General  Assembly.  In  1890  Judge  Struble  was  the  Re- 
publican candidate  for  Representative  in  Congress  from  the  Fifth  District; 
but  that  year  the  Democrats  for  the  first  time  since  1853  elected  a 
majority  of  the  Representatives  in  Congress  from  Iowa,  and  Judge  Struble 
was  one  of  the  Republicans  defeated. 

ISAAC  S.  STRUBLE  was  born  near  Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  on  the 
3d  of  November,   1843.     He  received  a  common  school  education  and  at- 


G.   R.   STRUBLE 


OF  IOWA  255 


tended  the  State  University  after  removing  to  Iowa.  He  enlisted  in  Com- 
pany F,  of  the  Twenty-second  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry  when  eighteen 
years  of  age  and  was  wounded  at  the  Battle  of  Cedar  Creek  in  October, 
1864.  Mr.  Struble  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1870.  In 
1872  he  took  up  his  residence  at  Le  Mars  in  Plymouth  County  and  entered 
upon  the  practice  of  his  profession.  In  1882  he  received  the  Republican 
nomination  for  Representative  in  Congress  in  the  Eleventh  District  and 
was  elected.     He  was  three  times  reelected,  serving  eight  years. 

DANIEL  P.  STUBBS  was  born  in  Preble  County,  Ohio,  July  7,  1829. 
He  was  reared  on  a  farm  where  he  aided  his  father  and  attended  the 
district  school,  with  a  few  months'  instruction  at  Union  County  Academy, 
Indiana.  He  began  teaching  in  the  public  schools  in  1853  and  in  1854 
and  the  following  year  he  was  principal  of  the  academy  he  had  formerly 
attended.  During  this  time  he  was  reading  law  and  later  took  the  law 
course  in  Asbury  University  where  he  graduated  in  1836.  Entering  upon 
the  practice  of  his  profession  he  also  had  editorial  charge  of  the  Union 
County  Herald.  In  1857  he  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Fairfield  which  has 
since  been  his  home.  In  1863  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  and 
served  in  the  Tenth  and  Eleventh  General  Assemblies,  being  on  the  stand- 
ing committees  on  Federal  relations,  railroads,  charitable  institutions 
and  during  his  entire  term  serving  on  the  judiciary  committee.  In  1866 
he  was  elected  president  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate.  He  was  the  author  of 
the  following  joint  resolution  which  passed  the  General  Assembly  in  1864: 

Section  I — Neither  slavery  nor  involuntary  servitude,  except  as  pun- 
ishment for  crime,  whereof  the  party  shall  have  been  duly  convicted,  shall 
exist  within  the  United  States  or  any  place  subject  to  their  jurisdiction. 

Section  II — Congress  shall  have  power  to  enforce  this  article  by  appro- 
priate legislation. 

Mr.  Stubbs  was  originally  a  Liberty  party  man,  but  after  1856  acted 
with  the  Republicans.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  Republican  National  Con- 
vention in  1864  which  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for  reelection  and 
served  on  the  National  Executive  Committee  for  four  years.  He  later 
joined  the  Greenback  party  and  was  the  candidate  for  Governor  in  1877. 

SAMUEL  W.  SUMMERS  was  born  in  Virginia,  in  1820.  and  in  1842 
removed  to  Iowa,  locating  in  Van  Buren  County.  He  had  studied  law 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  but  had  a  hard  struggle  to  make  a  living 
at  his  profession  at  that  early  day  when  there  was  little  business  and 
lees  money.  He  finally  removed  to  Ottumwa  where  he  was  more  successful. 
In  January,  1863,  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Seventh  Iowa  Cavalry 
which  was  sent  west  to  operate  against  the  Indians.  His  headquarters 
were  most  of  the  time  at  Omaha  and  his  regiment  did  not  have  an  oppor- 
tunity to  see  much  hard  fighting  and  was  mustered  out  in  1865. 


256  HISTORY 


ADELINE  MORRISON  SWAIN  was  born  at  Bath,  in  the  State  of 
New  Hampshire,  May  25,   1820.     She  acquired  an  unusually  good  educa- 
tion and  was  for  many  years  a  teacher  of  languages  in  seminaries  in  Ver- 
mont,  Ohio  and  New  York.     In   1846   she  married  James   Swain  and  in 
1858   they  removed  to   Iowa,   locating  at  Fort  Dodge,   where  Mrs.   Swain 
organized  a  class  of  young  ladies,  giving  them  instruction  in  higher  Eng- 
lish,   French,   drawing   and   oil-painting.      She   also   organized    a   class   in 
botany  which   studied  the  flora  of  northwestern   Iowa.     Mrs.   Swain   was 
elected  a  member   of  the   American   Association  for  the   Advancement   of 
Science   and   was   the   first   woman   to   prepare   and   read   a   paper   before 
that  body  at  its  meeting  in  Iowa.     She  was  also  an  active  member  of  the 
State  Historical  Society  and  a  contributor  to  its  collections.     She  was  a 
valued  correspondent  of  the   Entomological   Commission   appointed  to  in- 
vestigate the  habits  of  the  Colorado  grasshoppers.    Mrs.  Swain  took  a  deep 
interest  in  public  affairs  and  was  an  active  and  influential  worker  in  the 
National  Woman's  Congress,  in  the  State  and  National  Woman  Suffrage 
Associations  and  was  for  several  years  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Woman's 
Triliune.    At  the  meeting  of  the  National  Suffrage  Association  at  Atlanta, 
Georgia,   she  was  elected  honorary  vice-president  for   life,   in  recognition 
of    her    forty    years'    work    in    the    cause.     In    1883    Mrs.    Swain    was 
nominated  by  the  Greenback  State  Convention  of  Iowa  for  Superintendent 
of  Public  Instruction,  being  the  first  woman  nominated  for  a   State  office 
in  Iowa.   In  1884  she  was  chosen  a  delegate  from  Iowa  to  the  National  Con- 
vention of  that  party  held  ut  Indianapolis  to  nominate  candidates  for  Presi- 
dent and  Vice-President.    Mrs.  Swain's  mature  life  was  largely  devoted  to 
educational  and  reform  work  in  which  she  long  ranked  among  the  ablest 
in  the  State.    She  died  at  Odin,  Illinois,  on  the  3d  of  February,  1899. 

ALBERT  W.  SWALM  was  born  at  Womelsdorf,  Berks  County,  Penn- 
sylvania, on  the  30th  of  November^  1845.  In  1855  he  came  to  Iowa  and 
learned  the  printing  business  at  Oskaloosa.  When  the  Civil  War  began 
he  enlisted  but  was  rejected  on  account  of  his  youth.  Later  he  joined 
Company  D,  Thirty-third  Iowa  Infantry  and  served  through  the  war  as  a 
private.  Just  before  the  Rebellion  ended  he  was  recommended  for  pro- 
motion. Upon  his  return  home  he  was  employed  on  the  State  Register 
and  was  soon  promoted  to  city  editor.  In  January,  1870,  he  became  the 
editor  of  the  Grand  Junction  Headlight.  A  few  years  later  he  removed  to 
Jefferson  and  took  editorial  charge  of  the  Jefferson  Bee.  In  1873  he,  with 
his  wife,  purchased  the  Fort  Dodge  Messenger,  removed  to  that  city  and 
published  that  paper.  Selling  that  establishment  after  a  few  years  he  re- 
turned to  Oskaloosa  and  bought  the  Herald  establishment.  Here  he  held 
many  official  positions,  among  which  were  postmaster,  four  years;  Indian 
Land  Commissioner,  member  of  the  State  Prison  Commission,  of  the  Re- 
publican State  Committee,  Regent  of  the   State  University  from   1885  to 


ADELINE    M.    SWAIN 


Ti-i- 
NEW  YC' ■ 
PUBLIC  L!  ; 

^Astor,  Lenox  and  Tilden   j 
Foundal'oas. 


OF  IOWA  257 


1897,  and  for  thirteen  years  an  officer  in  the  Iowa  National  Guards,  attain- 
ing the  rank  of  colonel.  He  was  for  some  years  on  the  Governor's  staflf. 
In  1897  he  was  appointed  Consul  to  Montevideo,  in  Uruguay,  South  Amer- 
ica, by  President  McKinley.  In  March,  1903,  Colonel  Swalm  was  by 
order  of  the  President  transferred  to  Southampton,  England. 

PAULINE  GIVEN  SWALM  was  born  at  Dahlonega,  Wapello  County, 
Iowa,  on  the  7th  of  October,  1850.  She  prepared  for  college  in  the  public 
and  private  schools  and  graduated  from  Iowa  College  at  Grinnell.  Miss 
Given  was  an  accomplished  writer  and  in  1871  became  associate  editor  of 
the  Iowa  State  Register.  In  October,  1872,  she  was  united  in  marriage 
with  Albert  W.  Swalm.  In  1874  she  was  associated  with  her  husband 
in  the  publication  and  editorial  management  of  the  Fort  Dodge  Messenger. 
Some  years  later  they  removed  to  Oskaloosa  and  purchased  the  Herald, 
where  for  many  years  they  gave  their  time  to  the  editorial  and  business 
management  of  that  journal.  They  soon  established  a  daily  edition  which 
became  one  of  the  most  influential  Republican  journals  in  the  State.  Dur- 
ing all  of  this  time  Mrs.  Swalm  was  a  contributor  to  leading  political 
papers  and  magazines.  She  was  an  accomplished  public  speaker  and  was 
often  invited  to  deliver  lectures.  She  accompanied  her  husband  to  Monte- 
video, where  she  has  been  a  close  observer  of  South  American  people  and 
countries,  which  will  be  the  subject  for  a  book  from  her  pen. 

JOSEPH  H.  SWENEY  was  born  in  Warren  County,  Pennsylvania, 
on  the  2d  of  October,  1845.  He  came  to  Iowa  when  a  young  man  and 
graduated  from  the  regular  as  well  as  the  law  course  of  the  State  Univer- 
sity. Mr.  Sweney  has  been  engaged  in  farming  and  banking  but  gives 
most  of  his  attention  to  law.  In  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  he  served  three 
years  in  Company  K,  Twenty-seventh  Volunteer  Infantry.  After  the  war 
he  was  for  four  years  colonel  of  the  Sixth  Regiment  of  the  National 
Guards  and  was  promoted  to  Brigadier,  and  Inspector-General  of  the  State. 
In  1883  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  State  Senator  for  the 
Forty-first  District,  composed  of  the  counties  of  Howard,  Mitchell  and 
Worth.  He  was  in  1886  elected  president  pro  tern,  of  the  Senate.  Mr. 
Sweney  was  reelected  to  the  Senate  at  the  close  of  his  first  term,  serving 
eight  years,  most  of  the  time  being  on  the  judiciary,  railroad  and  military 
committees.  In  1888  he  was  elected  to  Congress  in  the  Fourth  District, 
serving  one  term.  He  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  in  1890 
but  was  defeated  at  the  election  by  the  Democratic  candidate. 

RICHARD  H.  SYLVESTER  was  one  of  the  pioneer  journalists  of 
Iowa.  He  was  born  in  Charlestown,  New  Hampshire,  and  attended  school 
at  Exeter  Academy,  taking  a  course  at  Yale  College  and  graduating  at 
the  Law  School  of  Ann  Arbor.     In  1854  he  came  to  Iowa  and  continued 

[Vol.  4] 


258  HISTORY 


his  law  studies  with  Judge  James  Grant  and  John  F.  Dillon  at  Davenport. 
In  1855  he  went  to  Iowa  City  and  reported  the  proceedings  of  the  General 
Assembly.  Later  he  established  the  Iowa  City  State  Reporter,  a  Demo- 
cratic paper.  He  was  chosen  superintendent  of  schools  in  Johnson  Coimty 
and  founded  the  Iowa  State  Press,  after  conducting  it  several  years  sold 
it  to  John  P.  Irish.  During  the  Civil  War  he  was  a  war  correspondent  of 
the  New  York  World.  In  1862  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democratic  party 
for  Secretary  of  State  but  was  not  elected.  He  went  south  and  was  for 
some  time  editor  of  the  Memphis  Argus,  and  secretary  of  the  Howard  As- 
sociation. He  located  in  St.  Louis  where  he  was  managing  editor  of  the 
Daily  Times.  In  1880  he  removed  to  Washington,  D.  C,  where  he  was 
associated  with  Frank  Hatton  on  the  Washington  Post  as  managing  editor 
until  he  died  in  1896.  Mr.  Sylvester  was  an  able  and  graceful  writer, 
spending  nearly  all  of  his  mature  life  in  journalism.  His  eulogy  on  Gov- 
ernor Kirkwood  was  one  of  the  finest  productions  of  the  times.  He  was 
the  originator  of  the  Memorial  Bridge  project  over  the  Potomac  to  com- 
memorate the  war  and  link  the  North  with  the  South. 

STEPHEN  J.  W.  TABOR  was  a  native  of  Corinth,  Vermont,  where  he 
was  born  August  5,  1815.  Early  left  an  orphan,  it  was  only  by  hard  labor 
and  much  personal  sacrifice  that  he  secured  an  academic  education  at 
Bradford.  He  early  became  known  as  an  accomplished  writer  and  every 
spare  moment  was  employed  in  accessible  libraries.  He  began  school 
teaching  and  at  the  same  time  translated  a  work  from  the  French  for  a 
Boston  publisher.  He  resolved  to  become  a  journalist  and  going  to  New 
York  obtained  a  position  on  the  Beacon.  When  the  New  York  Sun  was 
established.  Mr.  Tabor  secured  a  position  on  the  staflF  of  that  paper,  but 
because  of  failing  health  was  obliged  to  resign,  going  to  Ashfield,  Massa- 
chusetts, studied  medicine.  Mr.  Tabor  was  a  Democrat  until  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Republican  party  when  he  became  a  member.  In  1855  he 
came  west  and  located  at  Independence,  Iowa,  where  he  soon  became  editor 
of  the  Civilian.  The  same  year  he  was  elected  county  judge,  serving  many 
successive  terms  and  was  also  recorder  and  treasurer  for  a  time.  In  1863 
Judge  Tabor  was  appointed  Fourth  Auditor  of  the  United  States  Treasury, 
which  position  he  held  for  fifteen  years.  Because  of  failing  health  he 
then  resigned  and  returned  to  Independence.  Judge  Tabor  was  a  lover 
of  books  and  doubtless  possessed  the  largest  and  best  selected  private 
library  in  the  State.  In  religious  works  it  was  especially  complete.  Few 
theologians  in  modern  times  have  so  many  and  carefully  chosen  books  on 
religious  themes.  Thirty  years  of  thought  were  spent  in  the  selection 
and  every  book  had  been  read  before  being  placed  upon  the  shelves.  This 
library  numbered  6,000  volumes  and  it  was  among  these  that  he  spent  the 
last  remaining  years  of  his  life.  He  died  May  10,  1883.  at  his  home  in 
Independence. 


OF  IOWA  259 


HAWKINS  TAYLOK,  one  of  the  earliest  pioneer  lawmakers  of  Iowa, 
was  born  in  Barren  County,  Kentucky,  November  11,  1811.  He  came  to 
the  "Black  Hawk  Purchase"  in  1836  and  located  at  West  Point  in  Lee 
County.  When  the  Territory  of  Iowa  was  created  in  1838  Mr.  Taylor  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  the  First  Legislative  Assembly.  He  was  one  of 
the  leaders  in  driving  the  Mormons  from  the  city  of  Nauvoo  and  arrested 
Hyram,  the  brother  of  the  Prophet  Joseph  Smith.  In  1857  Mr.  Taylor 
was  mayor  of  the  city  of  Keokuk.  In  1860  he  was  a  delegate  to  the 
National  Republican  Convention  which  nominated  Abraham  Lincoln  for 
President.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  Post-Office  Inspector  of  Kansas  where 
he  served  two  years.  In  1868  he  removed  to  Washington,  D.  C,  which 
became  his  home.  He  was  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  historical  publica- 
tions of  Iowa,  having  an  intimate  knowledge  of  men  and  events  of  the 
early  pioneer  period.     He  died  on  the  15th  of  November,  1893. 

WILLIAM  H.  TEDFOPD  was  born  in  Blount  County,  Tennessee, 
November  8,  1844.  The  family  removed  to  Iowa  in  1851,  locating  on  a 
farm  where  the  young  man  acquired  his  education.  At  the  age  of  sixteen 
he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Eleventh  Iowa  Volunteers,  serving  in  the  army 
four  years  and  taking  part  in  the  battles  of  Shiloh,  Corinth,  Vicksburg, 
Atlanta  and  Sherman's  march  to  the  sea  with  its  numerous  minor  engage- 
ments. After  his  return  from  the  war  Mr.  Tedford  entered  the  State 
University,  graduating  from  the  Law  Department.  In  1869  he  began  to 
practice  at  Corydon,  where  he  has  since  resided.  In  1884  he  was  chosen 
on  the  Republican  ticket  one  of  the  presidential  electors.  He  was  elected 
judge  of  the  Third  Judicial  District  and  was  reelected  in  1894  and  1898. 

JOHN  TEESDALE,  one  of  the  early  and  notable  journalists  of  Iowa, 
was  born  in  York,  England,  November  25,  1816.  His  father  emigrated  to 
America  when  the  son  was  but  two  years  old,  locating  at  Philadelphia. 
When  John  was  twelve  years  of  age  he  entered  a  printing  office  and 
learned  the  trade.  When  a  young  man  he  went  to  Wheeling,  Virginia, 
and  became  editor  of  the  Wheeling  Gazette.  He  was  afterwards  editor  of 
the  Times.  For  seven  years  he  had  editorial  charge  of  the  Ohio  Standard. 
In  1843  he  removed  to  Columbus  and  became  editor  of  the  Ohio  State 
Journal  which  he  conducted  for  five  years.  He  served  as  private  secretary 
to  Governor  Bartley  and  in  1848  purchased  the  Akron  Beacon  which  he 
published  eight  years.  In  1856  he  removed  to  Iowa  City,  purchased  the 
Iowa  City  Republican  and  was  elected  StattS  Printer.  When  the  Capital 
was  removed  to  Des  Moines  in  1857,  Mr.  Teesdale  made  that  city  his 
home  and  purchased  the  Citizen.  Soon  after  he  changed  the  name  to  the 
Iowa  State  Register  and  converted  it  into  a  daily.  He  was  an  able  editor 
and  a  radical  antislavery  man.  His  paper  became  the  leading  Republican 
paper  of  the  new  party  in  the  State.     Mr.  Teesdale  was  a  friend  of  John 


260  HISTORY 


Brovra  and  one  of  his  trusted  agents  on  the  Underground  Railroad  in 
Iowa,  along  which  fugitive  slaves  were  conveyed  to  liberty  in  Canada. 
In  1861  Mr.  Teesdale  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Des  Moines  and  sold 
the  State  Register  to  Frank  W.  Palmer.  In  1872  he  had  editorial  charge 
of  the  Washington,  D.  C,  Chronicle,  during  the  second  campaign  for  the 
election  of  President  Grant.  In  1868  Mr.  Teesdale  removed  to  Mount 
Pleasant,  Iowa,  which  became  his  permanent  home. 

EDWARD  A.  TEMPLE  was  born  in  Lebanon,  Illinois,  September  23, 
1831.  He  came  with  his  parents  to  Burlington,  Iowa,  in  1837,  the  year 
before  the  organization  of  the  Territorial  Government.  There  he  received 
his  education  and  grew  to  manhood.  He  early  acquired  a  knowledge  of 
banking  and  in  company  with  Hon.  W.  F.  Coolbaugh  in  1866  established 
a  bank  at  Chariton.  He  afterwards  conducted  the  banking  house  of  Ly- 
man, Cook  &  Co.  and  finally  the  First  National  Bank  of  Chariton  until 
1884.  Mr.  Temple  then  came  to  Des  Moines  and  organized  the  Bankers' 
Life  Association  which,  under  his  management,  has  become  one  of  the 
strongest  companies  of  the  kind  in  Iowa,  with  assets  of  more  than  $5,000,- 
000.  Mr.  Temple  is  a  stanch  Democrat,  but  has  never  sought  office,  pre- 
fering  to  conduct  a  business  where  success  comes  from  enterprise  and 
personal  effort. 

MARCELLUS  L.  TEMPLE,  author  of  the  notable  "Temple  Amend- 
ment," was  born  in  Wadestown,  Virginia,  September  16,  1848.  He  at- 
tended the  West  Virginia  University  from  which  he  graduated  in  1873. 
The  same  year  he  came  west  locating  at  Osceola,  Clarke  County,  Iowa, 
where  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  Mr.  Temple  was  a  conservative  Democrat  until  1882  when 
his  party  declared  against  the  prohibitory  amendment  to  the  Constitution, 
when  he  canvassed  the  State  for  the  amendment,  voted  for  it  and  has  since 
acted  with  the  Republican  party.  In  1892  he  was  chosen  on  the  Republi- 
can ticket  one  of  the  presidential  electors,  and  the  following  year  was  a 
delegate  to  the  Republican  State  Convention.  He  was  elected  a  Repre- 
sentative to  the  House  of  the  Twenty-sixth  General  Assembly  in  1895, 
serving  in  the  regular  and  extra  sessions  as  chairman  of  the  first  division 
of  the  Code  Commission.  As  the  result  of  his  connection  with  important 
railroad  legislation,  he  introduced  and  secured  the  passage  of  the  famous 
**  Temple  Amendment "  which  was  enacted  into  law  in  1898.  Mr.  Temple 
was  defeated  for  reelection  in  1897  but  in  1899  he  was  again  elected, 
serving  in  the  Twenty-eighth  General  Assembly  as  chairman  of  the 
judiciary  committee  of  the  House.  He  was  the  leading  candidate  for 
Speaker  until  he  withdrew  to  secure  harmony  among  the  supporters  of 
John  H.  Gear  for  United  States  Senator.  He  became  the  recognized  Re- 
publican leader  of  the  House  during  that  session. 


OF  IOWA  261 


EDWARD  H.  THAYER,  journaUst,  was  born  in  Windham,  Maine, 
November  27,  1832.  He  graduated  at  East  Corinth  Academy  in  1850  and 
came  to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  he  attended  medical  lectures  and  paid  his 
way  by  work  on  the  daily  papers.  He  read  law  and  in  the  spring  of 
1853  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  Coming  to  Iowa  he  located  at  Muscatine 
and  began  the  practice  of  his  profession  and  served  four  years  as  county 
attorney.  In  1860  he  was  a  delegate  from  Iowa  to  the  Democratic  National 
Convention  at  Charleston  which  nominated  Stephen  A.  Douglas  for  Presi- 
dent. In  1862  Judge  Thayer  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Congress 
in  the  Second  District  against  Hiram  Price,  but  was  defeated.  While  in 
Muscatine  Judge  Thayer  acquired  a  taste  for  newspaper  work  and  remov- 
ing to  Clinton  in  1868  established  the  Clinton  Age,  which  soon  became  one 
of  the  ablest  Democratic  journals  in  eastern  Iowa.  In  1875  Judge  Thayer 
was  elected  Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Sixteenth  General  As- 
sembly and  in  the  following  year  was  appointed  by  Governor  Kirkwood 
trustee  of  the  State  Normal  School  where  he  served  several  years  as  presi- 
dent of  the  board.  In  1876  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Democratic 
Convention  and  an  earnest  supporter  of  the  nomination  of  Samuel  J.  Tilden 
for  President.  In  1880  he  was  the  Iowa  member  of  the  Mississippi  River 
States  Commission  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  work  of  that  body.  In 
1884  Judge  Thayer  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Democratic  Convention 
at  Chicago  where  he  was  the  Iowa  member  of  the  committee  on  resolu- 
tions and  author  of  the  tariff  plank  in  the  platform.  In  1885  he  was 
appointed  postmaster  at  Clinton  by  President  Cleveland.  Judge  Thayer 
has  been  an  active  promoter  of  numerous  railroads  and  was  for  a  time 
president  of  the  Iowa  Southwestern  Railroad  Company.  For  nearly  half 
a  century  he  has  been  one  of  the  most  influential  leaders  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party  in  Iowa,  helping  to  formulate  its  platforms  and  often  pre- 
siding over  its  State  Conventions. 

LOT  THOMAS  was  born  on  the  17th  of  October,  1843,  on  a  farm  in 
Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania.  He  received  a  liberal  education  and  in 
1868  he  came  to  Iowa.  He  taught  school  near  New  Virginia,  in  Warren 
County,  and  during  the  time  procured  books  and  began  to  read  law.  In 
1870  he  entered  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  University,  graduated 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  took  up  his  residence  at  Storm  Lake 
and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law.  In  1884  he  was  elected  Judge  of 
the  Fourteenth  Judicial  District,  serving  by  reelections  until  August, 
1898,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  the  Republican  nomination  for  Congress 
in  the  Eleventh  District.  He  was  elected  by  a  large  majority  and  reelected 
at  the  close  of  his  first  term. 

JAMES  K.  P.  THOMPSON  was  born  near  Cary,  Ohio,  August  21, 
1845.    His  education  was  carefully  guided  by  his  mother  who  was  a  promi- 


262  HISTORY 


nent  teacher.  In  1857  Mr.  Thompson  came  to  Iowa,  locating  in  Clayton 
County.  He  enlisted  as  a  musician  in  Company  D,  Twenty-first  Iowa 
Volunteers  in  1862  and  served  through  the  war,  taking  part  in  the  follow- 
ing engagements:  running  the  blockade  at  Vicksburg,  Grand  Gulf,  Port 
Gibson,  Champion's  Hill,  Black  River  Bridge,  assault  and  siege  of  Vicks- 
burg, Mobile  campaign,  siege  and  assault  of  Fort  Blakely  and  Spanish  Fort. 
He  was  severely  wounded  in  the  assault  on  Vicksburg.  Under  the  instruc- 
tion of  S.  T.  Woodward  of  Elkader  he  began  the  study  of  law  in  1869, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar,  and  in  1874  located  in  Lyon  County  at  Rock  Rap- 
ids, and  opened  the  first  law  oflBce  in  the  town.  He  was  for  many  years 
closely  identified  with  the  development  of  northwestern  Iowa  and  especi- 
ally with  Lyon  County,  where  he  held  many  offices.  He  was  largely  in- 
strumental in  securing  the  establishment  of  the  National  Military  Park 
at  Vicksburg  and  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  from  the  be- 
ginning. Colonel  Thompson  served  on  the  staff  of  Governors  Larrabec, 
Jackson  and  Drake.  He  died  at  his  home  in  Rock  Rapids  in  January, 
1903. 

WILLIAM  THOMPSON  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Pennsylvania, 
November  10,  1813.  He  assisted  his  father  to  clear  a  farm  in  the  dense 
forests  of  Ohio  and  when  twenty-one  began  to  study  law  in  the  office  of 
Columbus  Delano.  In  1839  he  went  by  steamboat  down  the  Ohio  river 
and  up  the  Mississippi  river  to  Montrose  in  Iowa.  At  Mount  Pleasant 
he  opened  a  law  office  in  partnership  with  J.  C.  Hall.  In  1843  he  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  the  Legislative  Assembly.  He  served  as  chief  clerk 
of  the  two  succeeding  sessions.  In  1846  he  was  secretary  of  the  Second 
Constitutional  Convention.  In  1847  he  was  elected  on  the  Democratic 
ticket  Representative  in  Congress  for  the  First  District.  He  was  a  can- 
didate for  reelection  and  after  a  warm  contest  was  declared  successful. 
But  his  election  was  contested  by  Daniel  F.  Miller  before  the  Hoiise  of 
Representatives  and  the  seat  declared  vacant.  Both  were  candidates  at  a 
special  election  in  which  Thompson  was  defeated.  For  several  years  he 
was  editor  of  the  Iowa  State  Gazette.  He  was  elected  chief  clerk  of  the 
war  session  of  the  House  in  1861  by  a  unanimous  vote.  Mr.  Thompson 
raised  a  company  for  the  First  Iowa  Cavalry  and  was  repeatedly  pro- 
moted until  near  the  close  of  the  war  when  he  was  brevetted  Brigadier- 
General.  After  the  close  of  the  war,  at  the  request  of  General  Custer, 
Mr.  Thompson  was  appointed  captain  in  the  regular  army  where  he  served 
with  Custer  in  his  Indian  campaigns,  retiring  just  in  time  to  escape  the 
tragic  fate  of  his  gallant  commander.  Colonel  Thompson  died  at  Tacoma, 
Washington,  October  7,  1807. 

WILLIAM  G.  THOMPSON,  one  of  the  pioneer  legislators  of  Iowa, 
is  a  native  of  Butler  County,  Pennsylvania,  where  he  was  born  January 


OF  IOWA  263 


17,  1830.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  receiving  his  early  education  in  a 
log  schoolhouse,  and  became  a  teacher.  At  the  age  of  nineteen  he  entered 
the  Weatherspoon  Institute,  remaining  two  years  when  he  began  the  study 
of  law,  supporting  himself  by  working  for  his  employers.  He  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1853  and  immediately  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at 
Marion  in  Linn  County,  which  became  his  permanent  home.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  State  Convention  at  Iowa  City  in  1856  which  founded  the 
Republican  party  of  Iowa.  The  same  year  he  was  chosen  a  member  of 
the  State  Senate,  serving  in  the  Sixth  and  Seventh  General  Assemblies. 
He  was  one  of  the  presidential  electors  in  1864,  and  was  elected  District 
Attorney,  serving  six  years.  In  1879  he  was  appointed  Chief  Justice  of 
Idaho  Territory,  and  in  the  same  year  was  elected  to  Congress  from  the 
Fifth  Iowa  District  to  fill  a  vacancy  and  was  reelected  for  the  next  regu- 
lar term.  In  1885  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Twenty-first  General 
Assembly,  serving  on  the  committee  chosen  by  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives to  prosecute  the  impeachment  proceedings  against  Auditor  Brown. 
In  1894  Judge  Thompson  was  appointed  Judge  of  the  Eighteenth  Judicial 
District  and  has  been  elected  since  to  a  full  term. 

JAMES  THORINGTON  was  bom  on  the  7th  of  May,  1816,  in  Wil- 
mington, North  Carolina.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the  State  University  of 
Alabama,  and  studied  law  with  his  father.  He  located  at  Davenport, 
Iowa,  in  1839,  where  he  began  practice.  In  1842  he  was  chosen  mayor  of 
the  city,  serving  four  years.  He  was  one  of  the  leaders  in  the  Free  Soil 
movement  and  in  1854  was  nominated  for  Representative  in  Congress  for 
the  Second  District  by  the  antislavery  elements  of  the  various  parties. 
The  district  embraced  all  of  the  northern  half  of  the  State  and  few  ex- 
pected the  Free  Soil  candidate  to  be  elected.  Several  prominent  men  de- 
clined the  nomination  and  it  was  offered  to  Mr.  Thorington.  He  said, 
"  Gentlemen,  I  am  not  anxious  to  take  the  chances,  but  if  you  choose  to 
nominate  me,  I  will  make  an  aggressive  canvass  and  shall  expect  to  be 
elected."  His  response  aroused  enthusiasm,  he  was  nominated  and  made  a 
vigorous  campaign,  having  for  his  Democratic  competitor  Ex-Governor 
Stephen  Hempstead.  Thorington  was  elected  by  more  than  1,500  major- 
ity. He  served  two  years  from  March,  1855,  and  was  largely  instrumental 
in  securing  to  Iowa  the  land  grants  of  1856  for  the  aid  of  railroads.  This 
most  important  act  gave  to  his  district  three  trunk  lines  of  railroad  from 
the  Mississippi  to  the  Missouri  River.  But  it  compassed  his  defeat  for 
renomination.  Delegates  in  the  convention  from  counties  not  on  the  lines 
of  the  projected  railroads  united  against  him  and  nominated  a  Republican 
in  Dubuque.  Mr.  Thorington  was  one  of  the  leaders  in  the  political  move- 
ment which  resulted  in  uniting  the  antislavery  elements  into  the  Republican 
party  in  1855-6.  In  1858  he  was  a  candidate  for  United  States  Senator  to 
succeed  George  W.  Jones  but  James  W.  Grimes  was  nominated  and  elected. 


264  HISTOIIY 


Mr.  Thorington  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  agent  for  the  State  at 
Washington  to  secure  title  to  the  swamp  lands  embraced  in  the  grant. 
In  1872  he  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  United  States  Consul  to 
Aspinwall,  where  he  served  ten  years.  It  has  often  been  remarked  that 
our  State  never  sent  a  Representative  to  Congress  who  accomplished  so 
much  in  a  single  term  as  this  first  Republican  member  from  Iowa.  He 
died  June  12,  1889,  at  Santa  Fe  in  New  Mexico. 

RODNEY  W.  TIRRILL  was  a  native  of  New  Hampshire,  born  at 
Colebrook,  December  22,  1835.  To  a  public  school  education  was  added 
a  course  in  Wisconsin  University,  after  which  he  studied  law,  and  as  he 
was  to  enter  upon  practice  the  Civil  War  began  and  Mr.  Tirrill  enlisted 
in  Company  F,  Twelfth  Iowa  Infantry.  He  was  in  the  battles  of  Fort 
Donelson  and  Shiloh,  and  at  the  latter  was  so  severely  wounded  that  he 
was  obliged  to  leave  the  service.  After  his  recovery  he  was  elected  super- 
intendent of  schools  in  Delaware  County  and  in  1879  was  elected  on  the 
Republican  ticket  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  in  the  Eighteenth  and  Nine- 
teenth General  Assemblies.  He  was  the  author  of  a  bill  requiring  pack- 
ages of  oleomargarine  to  be  plainly  labeled  as  such,  and  in  the  face  of 
powerful  opposition  secured  its  passage.  It  is  believed  that  this  was  the 
first  law  of  the  kind  enacted  in  the  United  States.  Senator  Tirrill  served 
on  many  important  committees  and  exercised  a  large  degree  of  influence 
on  the  legislation  of  the  two  sessions  during  his  term.  In  1898  Mr.  Tir- 
rill was  Department  Commander  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic  of 
Iowa. 

GEORGE  M.  TITUS  is  a  native  of  Cayuga  County,  New  York,  where 
he  was  born  May  19,  1855.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  public 
schools  of  New  York  and  Michigan,  concluding  with  a  course  at  the  Wilton 
(Iowa)  Collegiate  Institute.  At  the  age  of  sixteen  he  began  teaching 
school  in  Michigan.  Removing  to  Cedar  County,  Iowa,  he  began  the  study 
of  law  in  1876  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1880,  since  which  time  he 
has  been  engaged  in  practice  at  Muscatine.  He  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  in  1897  on  the  Republican  ticket  for  the  district  of  Muscatine  and 
Louisa  counties,  serving  in  the  Twenty-seventh  and  Twenty-eighth  General 
Assemblies.  He  was  the  author  of  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution  of 
the  State  providing  for  biennial,  instead  of  annual  elections.  The  "  Titus 
Amendment "  received  the  approval  of  two  successive  General  Assemblies 
and  was  adopted  by  the  people  at  the  election  by  the  largest  majority  given 
any  measure  ever  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  citizens  of  the  State.  But 
in  a  case  taken  to  the  Supreme  Court  a  decision  was  rendered  holding  it 
void  on  the  ground  that  the  clerk  of  the  House  failed  to  spread  it  upon 
the  journal  in  the  form  required  by  law.  The  same  amendment  was  again 
adopted  by  the  Twenty-ninth  General  Assembly  and  will  be  brought  be- 


OF  IOWA  265 


fore  the  Thirtieth.  Senator  Titus  was  the  author  of  the  bill  establishing 
the  State  Library  Commission.  He  was  also  the  author  of  a  bill  requiring 
all  amendments  proposed  to  the  Constitution,  or  other  public  measures 
to  be  submitted  to  a  vote  of  the  people,  to  be  on  a  separate  ballot. 

LEWIS  TODHUNTER  was  born  in  Fayette  County,  Ohio,  April  6, 
1817.  He  received  his  education  at  the  public  schools  of  Ohio  and  Indi- 
ana. Late  in  life  he  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Ohio. 
In  1850  he  removed  to  Warren  County,  Iowa,  making  his  permanent  home 
in  Indianola,  where  he  continued  to  practice  law.  He  served  the  county 
several  terms  as  auditor,  treasurer  and  prosecuting  attorney,  but  his  most 
distinguished  public  work  was  as  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  Conven- 
tion of  1857,  which  framed  the  present  Constitution  of  the  State.  He  was 
£>lso  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Republican  party  of  Iowa,  having  been 
previously  a  Free  Soil  Whig.  The  reform  with  which  Mr.  Todhunter  was 
most  closely  identified  was  the  suppression  of  intemperance.  His  labor 
in  this  cause  began  in  1840  upon  the  organization  of  the  Washington 
Society  and  he  has  been  a  member  of  nearly  all  of  the  temperance  organi- 
zations of  Iowa.  He  was  chairman  of  the  committee  which  framed  the 
bill  which  became  known  as  the  Clark  law.  He  several  times  canvassed  the 
State  in  behalf  of  the  cause  of  prohibition  and  his  name  is  imperishably 
associated  with  the  history  of  the  temperance  movement  for  more  than  sixty 
years.  Although  exempt  by  age  from  military  service  during  the  Civil  War, 
he  tendered  his  services  and  was  appointed  quartermaster  of  the  Forty- 
eighth  Iowa  Infantry  in  1864,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  and  was  attached  to 
the  command  of  General  Ord.  After  Mr.  Todhunter  retired  from  practice  in 
1890  he  wrote  a  history  of  the  Iowa  temperance  legislation.  He  died  at 
Indianola,  January  29,   1902. 

WILLIAM  M.  G.  TORRENCE  was  born  in  Westmoreland  County, 
Pennsylvania,  on  the  1st  of  September,  1823.  After  receiving  an  educa- 
tion he  went  to  Kentucky  and  engaged  in  teaching.  During  this  time 
the  Mexican  War  began  and  he  enlisted  and  was  elected  first  lieutenant 
in  the  First  Kentucky  Mounted  Volunteers.  He  participated  in  the  Battle 
of  Buena  Vista  and  served  until  the  close  of  the  war.  In  1847  he  came 
to  Iowa  and  located  at  Keokuk  where  he  was  for  several  years  superin- 
tendent of  the  city  schools.  In  the  spring  of  1861  he  enlisted  in  Company 
A,  First  Iowa  Cavalry,  and  in  June  was  commissioned  major  of  the  First 
Battalion  of  that  regiment.  After  serving  several  months  in  Missouri 
he  resigned.  In  the  summer  of  1862,  Major  Torrence  was  appointed 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Thirtieth  Infantry.  He  was  in  the  Vicksburg 
campaign  and,  upon  the  death  of  Colonel  Abbott  was  promoted  to  the 
command  of  the  regiment.     He  was  with  Sherman's  army  on  the  march  to 


266  HISTORY 


Chattanooga  and  was  shot  from  ambush  and  instantly  killed  near  Chero- 
kee Station  on  the  21st  of  October,  1862. 

HORACE  M.  TOWNER  was  born  at  Belvedere,  Illinois,  October  23, 
1855.  He  attended  public  school  in  his  native  town  and  Chicago,  teaching 
and  studying  alternately,  thus  earning  the  means  to  enable  him  to  study 
law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1880  and  began  the  practice  of  hi3 
profession  in  Corning,  Adams  County,  Iowa,  where  he  had  located.  In 
1890  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  judge  of  the  Third  Judicial 
District  and  at  the  close  of  the  term  in  1894,  his  renomination  was  en- 
dorsed by  the  Democrats  and  he  was  reelected  without  opposition.  In 
1898  he  was  again  elected,  and  has  been  prominently  supported  for  a  seat 
on  the  Supreme  bench.  Judge  Towner  is  a  man  of  literary  taste  and  has 
musical  talent,  being  a  composer  of  merit. 

HENRY  C.  TRAVERSE  was  born  in  White  County,  Illinois,  August 
28,  1839.  His  father  removed  with  his  family  to  Monroe  County,  Iowa, 
in  1846,  where  the  son  attended  the  public  schools.  Going  to  Keokuk  he 
learned  the  printer's  trade  after  which  he  taught  school.  He  then  studied 
law  with  George  W.  McCrary  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Bloomfield 
in  1862.  He  soon  after  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Thirtieth  Iowa  Volunteers, 
which  was  attached  to  the  Fifteenth  Army  Corps.  The  regiment  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  Haines  Bluff,  Arkansas  Post,  Siege  of  Vicksburg, 
Lookout  Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge,  besides  many  minor  engagements. 
Mr.  Traverse  was  discharged  at  the  expiration  of  three  years,  with  the 
rank  of  orderly  sergeant.  He  returned  to  Bloomfield,  resuming  the  prac- 
tice of  law,  and  in  1867  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  in  the 
Twelfth  and  Thirteenth  General  Assemblies.  In  1879  he  was  again  elected 
to  the  Senate,  serving  but  one  session  when  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
Second  Judicial  District.  He  held  this  position  by  reflections  for  fourteen 
years. 

JAMES  H.  TREWIN,  lawyer  and  legislator,  was  born  at  Blooming- 
dale,  Illinois,  November  29,  1858.  He  had  the  usual  schooling  of  a  country 
boy  in  his  youth,  living  on  a  farm  and  becoming  self-supporting  at  the 
early  age  of  twelve  years.  In  1872  he  came  to  Chickasaw  County,  Iowa,  where 
he  worked  on  a  farm  and  attended  school,  qualifying  himself  to  teach.  He 
attended  Bradford  Academy,  Cedar  Valley  Seminary  and  Lenox  College, 
and  was  principal  of  the  Delaware  and  Farley  schools  several  years.  In 
1881  Mr.  Trewin  entered  the  law  office  of  Robinson  &  Powers  of  Dubuque 
as  a  student  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1882.  For  the  practice  of 
his  profession,  Mr.  Trewin  located  at  Earlville  from  whence  he  removed 
to  Lansing  in  1889.  While  residing  in  these  towns  he  filled  many  positions 
of  trust  and  in  1893  he  was  elected  from  Allamakee  County  to  the  House 


xH.    v/iiuryyi^ 


OF  IOWA  267 


of  the  Twenty-fifth  General  Assembly,  serving  as  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  municipal  corporations  and  was  prominently  identified  with 
the  enacting  of  the  mulct  law.  His  most  important  work,  however,  was 
securing  the  passage  of  the  bill  providing  for  the  revision  and  codification 
of  the  laws  which  was  accomplished  in  the  Code  of  1897.  Two  years  later 
Mr.  Trewin  was  elected  to  the  Senate  from  the  Allamakee-Fayette  Dis- 
trict, where  he  became  chairman  of  the  committee  on  schools,  and  in  the 
revision  brought  about  many  desirable  changes  in  the  school  laws.  He 
engaged  actively  in  bringing  about  many  reforms  and  the  curtailment  of 
expenses  in  the  administration  of  State  and  municipal  affairs.  He  secured 
the  passage  of  the  bill  providing  for  the  annotation  and  publication  of 
the  Code  by  the  State;  was  chosen  chairman  of  the  joint  committee  of 
the  General  Assembly  having  charge  of  the  publication  of  the  Code  and 
probably  had  larger  influence  in  the  production  of  the  book  of  revised 
statutes  than  any  other  one  legislator.  During  Senator  Trewin's  second 
term  in  the  Senate  he  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  cities  and 
towns.  In  the  Republican  State  Convention  of  1901,  Senator  Trewin  was 
one  of  the  leading  candidates  for  nomination  for  Governor.  He  removed 
to  Cedar  Rapids  in  1902.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Louisiana  Purchase 
Exposition  Commission  from  the  Fifth  District  and  chairman  of  the  De- 
partment of  Education. 

HENRY  H.  TRIilBLE  was  born  in  Rush  County,  Indiana,  May  7, 
1827.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  for  several  years  taught  school 
winters.  He  graduated  at  Asbury  University  in  1847  and  went  directly 
from  college  to  the  Mexican  War,  serving  under  Colonel  James  H.  Lane 
of  the  Fifth  Indiana  Volunteers.  He  read  law  with  Thomas  A.  Hendricks 
and  came  to  Iowa  in  November,  1849,  where  he  pursued  his  studies  with 
Judge  J.  F.  Kinney  of  the  Supreme  Court,  at  Keosauqua.  He  was  elected 
county  attorney,  serving  four  years,  at  Bloomfield  where  he  had  located. 
In  1855  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  for  four  years.  In  1858  he 
was  nominated  for  Representative  in  Congress  by  the  Democrats  of  the 
First  District  but  was  defeated  by  Samuel  R.  Curtis  the  Republican  can- 
didate. At  the  beginning  of  the  Civil  War  Mr.  Trimble  helped  to  raise 
the  Third  Iowa  Cavalry  of  which  he  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel.  In 
1862  while  leading  a  charge  at  the  Battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  he  was  severely 
wounded  and  in  October  was  discharged  for  disability.  Upon  his  return 
home  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  Second  District,  serving  four  years.  In 
1865  he  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
but  was  not  elected.  In  the  Eleventh  General  Assembly  Colonel  Trimble 
received  the  votes  of  the  Democrats  for  United  States  Senator.  In  1868 
Judge  Trimble  became  president  of  the  St.  Louis  *  Cedar  Rapids  Railroad 
Company.  In  1872  he  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Congress  in  the 
Sixth  District  and  was  defeated.     In  1876  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Demo- 


268  HISTORY 


cratic  National  Convention  which  nominated  Tilden  for  President.  In  1878 
he  was  elected  President  of  the  State  Bar  Association.  He  has  long  ranked 
among  the  most  eminent  lawyers  of  the  State  and,  had  his  party  been  in 
the  majority,  would  have  been  elevated  to  the  highest  official  positions. 

MATHEW  M.  TRUMBULL  was  born  in  London,  England,  in  1826.  He 
emigrated  to  America  when  twenty-one  and  for  some  time  taught  school 
in  Vermont.  He  lived  for  a  time  in  Virginia  but  his  outspoken  opposition 
to  slavery  aroused  enmity  which  rendered  it  prudent  for  him  to  remove  to 
a  free  State.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1853,  studied  law  and  began  practice 
in  Clarksville,  Butler  Comity.  In  1857  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the 
Seventh  General  Assembly  on  the  Republican  ticket,  serving  one  term. 
When  the  Civil  War  began  he  raised  a  company  for  the  Third  Infantry 
and  was  appointed  captain.  In  1862  he  was  promoted  to  lieutenant- 
colonel.  In  the  fall  of  1863  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Ninth  Cavalry 
and  at  the  close  of  the  war  attained  the  rank  of  Brigadier-General.  In 
1869  he  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue 
which  position  he  held  for  twelve  years.  He  then  removed  to  Chicago 
where  most  of  his  time  was  given  to  literary  work.  His  book  on  "  Free 
Trade  in  England  "  was  a  standard  authority  on  that  subject.  He  was 
an  able  writer  on  sociology,  theology  and  reform  topics.  He  contributed 
regularly  to  the  Open  Court,  the  Forum,  the  Monist  and  other  periodi- 
cals and  magazines.     He  died  in  Chicago  May  9,  1894. 

JOHN  Q.  TUFTS  was  born  at  Aurora,  Indiana,  July  12,  1840.  His 
father  removed  to  Iowa  in  1852,  taking  up  his  residence  in  Cedar  County 
near  Wilton.  The  son  was  educated  at  Cornell  College,  Mount  Vernon.  He 
was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  to  the  House  of  Representatives  cf 
the  Twelfth  General  Assembly,  serving  three  terms  by  reflections.  In 
1874  he  was  elected  to  Congress  on  the  Republican  ticket,  serving  but  one 
term. 

ASA  TURNER,  "  missionary  patriarch,"  was  born  at  Templeton, 
Worcester  County,  Massachusetts,  July  11,  1799.  He  prepared  for  college 
at  Amherst  Academy  and  entered  Yale,  taking  a  three  years'  theological 
course  and  earning  the  means  to  pay  his  expenses.  After  graduating  with 
the  degree  of  B.  A.  he  joined  the  "  Illinois  Association "  of  seven  who 
pledged  themselves  to  missionary  preaching  and  the  founding  of  a  college. 
In  1830  Mr.  Turner  was  sent  to  Quincy,  Illinois,  and  soon  occupied  a  field 
composed  of  a  dozen  counties,  twice  going  as  far  north  as  the  Galena 
lead  mines.  No  statistics  can  record  the  manifold  labors  involved  in  this 
circuit;  preaching,  organizing  churches,  lecturing  on  temperance,  found- 
ing antislavery  societies,  stimulating  schools  and  the  higher  education, 
drawing  young  men  and  women  of  promise  to  seminary  and  college  from 


OF  IOWA  269 


the  rude  frontier  homes.  In  1834  he  explored  the  newly  acquired  "  Black 
Hawk  Purchase  "  for  a  missionary  field  as  far  up  as  Crow  Creek  in  Scott 
County.  Two  years  later  he  removed  to  Denmark,  where  he  founded  the 
first  Congregational  church  in  Iowa  and  was  the  first  installed  pastor  of 
any  denomination  in  the  Territory  which  two  years  later  became  Iowa. 
Here  he  labored  for  thirty  years.  He  had  been  one  of  the  first  trustees 
of  the  Illinois  College,  and  among  the  notable  things  in  his  active  career 
was  the  stand  he  took  for  temperance  and  antislavery  in  both  States  in 
which  he  lived.  In  Quincy  he  faced  mobs  and  rioting  around  the  church 
building;  and  at  Alton,  just  before  the  assassination  of  the  Rev.  Elijah 
P.  Lovejoy,  Father  Turner  presided  at  a  meeting  which  established  the 
first  antislavery  society  in  Illinois.  Denmark  was  always  one  of  the  sta- 
tions on  the  Underground  Eailroad  and  Rev.  Asa  Turner  was  one  of  the 
most  fearless  conductors  on  the  line.  When  James  W.  Grimes  was  nomi- 
nated by  the  Whig  party  for  Governor  in  1854,  for  the  first  time  the 
Whigs  believed  it  possible  to  elect  their  candidate  if  he  could  receive  the 
votes  of  the  abolitionists.  Grimes  was  known  to  be  an  uncompromising  foe 
to  slavery  and  was  anxious  to  receive  the  support  of  the  antislavery  party. 
When  the  State  Convention  of  that  party  assembled  to  consider  the  situa- 
tion. Father  Turner  was  chosen  president.  He  knew  Grimes  to  be  in  full 
sympathy  with  the  antislavery  cause,  and  he  had  prepared  resolutions  to 
be  presented  to  the  convention,  as  follows: 

Whereas  the  Nebraska  Bill  is  the  great  question  in  National  poli- 
tics, and 

Whereas  the  Maine  Liquor  Law  is  the  great  question  in  State  poli- 
tics, therefore 

Resolved,  That  we  will  vote  for  James  W.  Grimes  of  Des  Moines 
County  for  Governor. 

The  resolutions  were  adopted  and  the  antislavery  vote  was  given 
solid  for  Grimes  at  the  August  election.  Grimes  and  Turner  were  the 
first  public  speakers  in  the  cause  of  prohibition  in  southeastern  Iowa. 
"  Father  Turner  stands  as  the  projector  and  leading  founder  of  two  of  our 
oldest  educational  institutions,  Denmark  Academy  and  Iowa  College," 
says  Dr.  Magoon.  The  last  seventeen  years  of  Father  Turner's  life  were 
spent  at  Oskaloosa  where  he  died  in  December,  1885. 

JAMES  M.  TUTTLE  was  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  officers  among 
the  Iowa  volunteers  taken  from  private  life  in  the  Civil  War.  He  was 
born  in  Summerfield,  Ohio,  September  24,  1823.  Coming  to  Iowa  in  1846 
he  located  at  Farmington,  Van  Buren  County.  He  served  six  years  in 
various  offices  and  when  the  Rebellion  began  raised  a  company  and  was 
commissioned  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Second  Iowa  Infantry.  On  the  6th 
of  September,  1861,  upon  the  promotion  of  Colonel  Curtis,  Tuttle  suc- 
ceeded to  the  command  of  the  regiment.     At  the  Battle  of  Fort  Donelson 


270  HISTOEY 


he  led  the  Second  Iowa  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight  and  it  was  the  first  to 
pierce  the  enemy's  lines.  This  charge  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  feats 
of  that  great  victory.  At  the  Battle  of  Shiloh  Colonel  Tuttle  commanded 
a  brigade  which  fought  most  gallantly  at  the  "  Hornet's  Nest."  On  the 
9th  of  June  he  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General.  In  1863  Greneral 
Tuttle  was  nominated  by  the  Democratic  State  Convention  for  Governor. 
He  issued  an  address  to  the  voters  of  the  State  but  was  defeated  by 
Colonel  Wm.  M.  Stone,  the  Republican  candidate.  He  remained  in  the 
army  until  the  spring  of  1864,  commanding  a  division  a  portion  of  the 
time.  In  1866  he  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Congress  against 
General  Dodge,  Republican,  but  was  defeated.  In  1872  he  was  elected  to 
the  House  of  the  Fourteenth  Greneral  Assembly.  In  1882  he  became  a 
Republican  and  was  elected  the  following  fall  by  that  party  to  the  Legis- 
lature.    He  died  in  Arizona,  October  24,  1892. 

VOLTAIRE  P.  TWOMBLY  is  a  name  that  will  ever  stand  prominent 
on  the  "  roll  of  honor  "  among  the  heroic  young  soldiers  of  Iowa  who,  in 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  brought  imperishable  renown  to  the  "  Hawkeye 
State."  Mr.  Twombly  was  born  near  Farmington,  Van  Buren  County, 
on  the  21st  of  February,  1842,  and  received  his  education  in  the  common 
schools,  finally  taking  a  course  in  a  commercial  college  at  Burlington  in 
1865.  As  a  boy  of  nineteen  he  enlisted  under  the  first  call  for  volun- 
teers, after  the  firing  on  Fort  Sumter  and  was  mustered  into  the  United 
States  service  as  a  private  in  Company  F,  Second  Iowa  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, on  the  27th  of  May,  1861.  October,  1861,  young  Twombly  was 
promoted  to  seventh  corporal  and  detailed  as  color  bearer.  At  the  Battle 
of  Fort  Donelson,  the  first  great  Union  victory,  the  Second  Iowa  was  pro- 
nounced by  Major  General  Halleck,  to  have  "  proved  itself  the  bravest  of 
the  brave,"  and  had  the  honor  of  leading  the  column  which  first  entered 
Fort  Donelson.  In  one  of  the  most  brilliant  charges  of  the  war  the  Second 
Iowa  swept  everything  before  its  resistless  charge,  losing  forty  killed  and 
one  hundred  sixty  wounded.  As  the  storm  of  shot  and  shell  rained  on  the 
advancing  column.  Sergeant  H.  B.  Doolittle  who  was  bearing  aloft  the 
colors,  fell  pierced  wdth  three  bullets;  Corporal  G.  S.  Page  caught  up 
the  flag  and  soon  fell  shot  through  the  head;  Corporal  J.  H.  Churcher  seized 
the  trailing  banner  and  bore  it  forward  but  he  was  shot  through  his  arm ; 
Corporal  H.  E.  Weaver  sprang  forward  and  held  aloft  the  stars  and 
stripes,  but  soon  fell  mortally  wounded;  then  Corporal  J.  W.  Robinson, 
without  a  moment's  hesitation  seized  the  fatal  flag  and  waved  defiance  to 
the  enemy,  when  he  too  was  shot  down;  then  Corporal  Twombly  caught 
it  up  and  on  swept  the  invincible  Iowa  regiment  through  a  deadly  storm 
of  missiles,  never  stopping  to  fire  a  shot,  when  down  went  the  flag  again, 
as  its  youthful  bearer  was  prostrated  by  a  partially  spent  ball;  the  next 
moment  he  was  on  his  feet  bearing  aloft  the  colors,  as  with  a  mighty 


OF  IOWA  27] 


rush  the  regiment  mounted  the  enemy's  earthworks  and  fired  its  first 
volley  into  the  ranks  of  the  terrified  and  panic  stricken  enemy.  The  day 
was  won,  and  the  "  unconditional  surrender  "  came  the  next  day.  Twombly 
was  promoted  to  lieutenant  for  his  heroic  conduct  on  the  bloody  field  of 
Donelson,  having  carried  the  colors  in  the  terrible  Battle  of  Shiloh.  At 
Corinth  he  was  severely  wounded  and  again  at  Jonesboro,  in  August,  1864. 
In  June  he  was  promoted  to  adjutant  of  the  regiment  and  in  November 
he  became  captain  of  Company  K  and  in  1865  was  acting  Inspector- 
General  in  the  Fifteenth  Army  Corps.  He  was  in  Sherman's  "  march  to 
the  sea  "  and  was  at  the  final  surrender  of  the  Confederate  army  under 
Greneral  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  which  substantially  ended  the  war.  He  was 
at  the  "  Grand  Review "  of  the  Union  armies  at  Washington,  D.  C,  on 
the  24th  of  May,  1865,  and  was  mustered  out  on  the  12th  of  July,  1865. 
In  1880  he  was  elected  treasurer  of  Van  Buren  County  and  at  the  close 
of  his  second  term  was  nominated  by  the  Republican  State  Convention 
for  State  Treasurer  and  elected,  serving  by  reelections,  three  terms,  to 
1891. 

NATHAN  UDELL  was  born  in  Siisquehanna  County,  Pennsylvania, 
February  18,  1817.  He  was  educated  for  a  physician  and  removed  to  Appa- 
noose County,  Iowa,  in  1849,  where  he  practiced  his  profession.  He  was 
elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  Fifth  General  Assembly  in  1854.  He  was 
again  a  member  of  the  Senate  in  the  Eighth  and  Ninth  General  Assemblies, 
serving  in  the  regular  and  extra  sessions.  During  the  Civil  War  he  was 
surgeon  of  the  Seventh  Infantry  for  several  months.  In  1863  Dr.  Udell 
was  for  the  third  time  elected  to  the  Senate,  serving  in  the  Tenth  and 
Eleventh  General  Assemblies.  He  died  in  Denver  on  the  11th  of  April,  1903. 

THOMAS  UPDEGRAFF  was  born  in  Tioga  County,  Pennsylvania,  on 
the  3d  of  April,  1834.  He  received  an  academic  education,  removed  to 
Iowa,  locating  in  Clayton  County,  where  he  was  appointed  clerk  of  the 
District  Court  in  1856,  holding  the  position  for  four  years.  He  studied 
law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession at  McGregor  in  1861.  In  1877  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican 
ticket  Representative  in  the  House  of  the  Seventeenth  General  Assembly, 
serving  one  term.  In  1878  he  was  nominated  for  Representative  in  Congress 
in  the  Fourth  District  and  elected.  In  1880  he  was  reelected,  serving  four 
years.  In  1882  he  was  again  the  candidate  of  the  Republican  party  but 
was  defeated  by  L.  H.  Weller,  fusion  candidate.  In  1892  Mr.  UpdegrafF 
was  again  elected  to  Congress  and  reelected  in  1894  and  1896. 

WILLIAM  VANDEVER  was  born  in  Baltimore,  Maryland,  March  31, 
1817.  He  was  educated  in  the  schools  of  Philadelphia.  In  1839  he  went 
to  Rock  Island  where  he  engaged  in  surveying  public  lands.     For  several 


272  HISTORY 


years  he  was  editor  of  the  Northwestern  Advertiser.  In  1851  he  removed 
to  Dubuque  and  was  employed  in  the  office  of  the  Surveyor-General.  He 
afterwards  became  a  partner  of  Ben  M.  Samuels  in  the  practice  of  law. 
In  1856  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  convention  which  organized  the  Republi- 
can party  of  Iowa.  In  1858  he  was  nominated  for  Representative  in 
Congress  in  the  Second  District  and  elected  over  his  former  law  partner, 
B.  M.  Samuels.  He  was  reelected  in  I860  but  resigned  his  seat  in  1861 
to  enter  the  military  service  and  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Ninth  Iowa 
Infantry.  Mr.  Vandever  com.manded  a  brigade  at  the  Battle  of  Pea  Ridge 
and  won  promotion  to  Brigadier-General.  He  served  through  the  war 
with  distinction  in  the  armies  of  Grant  and  Sherman  and  was  brevetted 
Major-General.  Some  years  after  the  close  of  the  war  he  removed  to 
California  where  he  was  again  elected  to  Congress.  He  died  on  the  23d 
of  July,  1893. 

GEORGE  VAN  HORNE,  journalist  and  lecturer,  was  born  in  Massa- 
chusetts, October  12,  1833.  After  a  thorough  academic  education  he  be- 
gan the  study  of  law,  and  came  to  Iowa  in  1855,  locating  at  Muscatine 
where  he  entered  into  partnership  with  D.  C,  Cloud  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  Upon  the  election  of  Abraham  Lincoln  President,  he  ap- 
pointed Mr.  Van  Home  consul  to  Marseilles,  France,  where  he  served  until 
1866.  In  1870  he  established  the  Muscatine  Tribune.  He  entered  the  lec- 
ture field  in  which  he  was  engaged  for  some  time;  and  for  several  years 
was  an  editorial  writer  on  the  Muscatine  Journal.  When  the  Daily  News 
was  established,  Mr.  Van  Home  became  the  editor  in  chief.  In  1889  the 
Tribune  and  News  were  consolidated  under  the  editorial  management  of 
Mr.  Van  Horne.  In  1893  he  was  appointed  postmaster  of  Muscatine,  re- 
taining his  management  of  the  paper.  He  was  a  student  and  an  accom- 
plished writer ;  among  his  productions  were  "  Storied  Scenes  in  Europe," 
"  Old  London  Town,"  "  Picturesque  France,"  "  Men  and  Women  I  Have 
Seen,"  and  "  Farmer  Whitney's  Letters."  Mr.  Van  Horne  died  in  Muscatine 
February  8,  1895. 

FRANCIS  VARGA,  a  Hungarian  noble  and  patriot  of  the  Revolu- 
tion of  1849,  was  for  more  than  fifty  years  a  resident  and  citizen  of  Iowa. 
When  the  Hungarian  provisional  government  imder  Louis  Kossuth  was 
established  Mr.  Varga  was  Judge  Advocate-General,  serving  until  that 
government  was  overthrown  by  the  combined  armies  of  Austria  and  Rus- 
sia. Then  he  with  other  patriots  came  to  America  and  forty  of  them 
under  the  lead  of  Louis  Ujhazy,  a  distinguished  officer  under  Kossuth, 
came  to  Iowa  and  founded  a  colony  in  Decatur  County  which  was  named 
New  Buda.  Other  Hungarian  patriots  who  were  compelled  to  leave  their 
own  country  joined  the  colony  and  became  citizens  of  Iowa.  Here  Mr. 
Varga  and  his  companions  made  their  permanent  home  and  took  a  deep 


\ 


OF  IOWA  273 


interest  in  the  freedom  of  a  republican  government  which  welcomed  them 
as  citizens.  When  the  Civil  War  came  they  were  a  unit  in  support  of  the 
Government  which  wiped  out  the  blot  of  slavery.  Mr.  Varga  and 
many  of  the  Hungarian  patriots  joined  the  Union  army  and  again 
fought  for  freedom.  He  held  many  official  positions  in  his  new  home 
and  was  a  great  admirer  of  the  American  Government.  He  had  been 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  Hungary  in  1840  and  practiced  his  profession  for 
sixty-one  years.     He  died  at  Leon  on  the  5th  of  April,  1902. 

PHILIP  VIELE  was  born  in  Pittstown,  New  York,  on  the  10th  of 
September,  1799.  He  graduated  at  Union  College  and  studied  law.  An 
eloquent  public  speaker  he  became  famous  as  the  "  boy  orator "  in  the 
Jackson  campaign.  In  1837  he  emigrated  to  the  "  Black  Hawk  Purchase," 
making  the  long  journey  by  stage  coach  and  river  steamer.  He  located  at 
Fort  Madison  which  became  his  permanent  home.  In  1840  he  left  the 
Democratic  party  and  took  the  stump  for  General  Harrison  for  President. 
He  was  chosen  probate  judge  in  1846,  serving  six  years  and  in  1852  was 
nominated  by  the  Whigs  for  Representative  in  Congress  and  made  a  vigor- 
ous campaign  but  was  defeated  by  Bernhart  Henn,  Democrat.  He  was  a 
delegate  in  1856  to  the  convention  which  organized  the  Republican  party 
of  Iowa  and  presided  over  its  deliberations.  In  his  opening  address  he 
suggested  the  policy  which  was  adopted  by  the  new  party.  In  1859  he 
was  chosen  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Education  and  served  two 
years. 

HENRY  VOLLMER  was  born  in  Davenport,  Iowa,  in  1867.  He  re- 
ceived his  education  in  that  city,  the  Iowa  State  University  and  George- 
town University  at  Washington,  D.  C.  He  took  a  thorough  law  course, 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  began  practice  in  Davenport.  He  early  de- 
veloped a  talent  for  public  speaking  which  brought  him  into  prominence 
as  one  of  the  young  leaders  of  the  Democratic  party.  In  1893  he  was 
first  chosen  mayor  of  Davenport  and  at  once  applied  himself  to  the  in- 
auguration of  municipal  reforms.  He  was  the  youngest  mayor  in  a  city 
of  the  first  class  in  the  United  States.  He  was  three  times  reelected  and 
secured  the  erection  of  a  fine  city  hall  without  an  increase  of  taxation.  In 
1893  he  was  chosen  president  of  the  Democratic  State  Convention  and 
delivered  an  address  which  for  eloquence  and  ability  gave  him  more  than 
a  State-wide  reputation  as  a  public  speaker.  He  was  one  of  the  leaders 
of  what  is  termed  the  sound  money  wing  of  the  Democratic  party  of 
Iowa  in  the  presidential  campaign  of  1896. 

CHARLES  WACHSIMUTH,  crinoid  specialist,  was  born  in  Hanover, 
Germany,  September  13,  1829.  From  early  youth  his  health  was  delicate 
and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  he  was  obliged  to  abandon  study.     In  1852  he 

[Vol.   4] 


274  HISTORY 


came  to  America  as  agent  of  a  Hamburg  shipping  house.  As  the  climate 
of  New  York  did  not  agree  with  him,  he  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Bur- 
lington. His  frail  health  compelled  him  to  lead  an  out  of  door  life  and 
he  began  to  collect  fossils  as  a  pastime.  He  gave  much  time  to  an  examin- 
ation of  the  quarries  and  ravines  in  that  locality  and  in  a  few  years  his 
collection  of  crinoids  had  "  reached  such  dimensions  as  to  attract  atten- 
tion of  eastern  scientists.  Professor  Louis  Agassiz  came  to  see  it,  and  Meek 
and  Worthen  asked  the  loan  of  specimens  for  description  in  the  Geological 
Keports  of  Illinois."  In  1865  he  visited  Cambridge,  studying  the  collec- 
tions of  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology.  Extending  his  travels  he 
visited  the  great  museums  of  Europe  and  collected  specimens.  Upon 
reaching  England  he  found  that  the  fame  of  his  Burlington  collection  had 
preceded  him.  Returning  to  his  home  he  determined  to  give  the  remainder 
of  his  life  to  the  study  and  collection  of  crinoids.  In  1873  Professor 
Agassiz  paid  Mr.  Wachsmuth  a  second  visit,  the  result  of  which  was  the 
transfer  of  the  collection  to  Cambridge  and  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Wach- 
smuth as  assistant  in  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology.  He  was  in- 
duced to  publish  the  results  of  his  observations.  The  position  which  he 
held  until  Agassiz's  death  gave  him  ample  opportunities  to  become  ac- 
quainted with  the  literature  on  crinoids  and  here  was  laid  the  foundation 
of  a  classification  which  divides  all  Paleozoic  crinoids  into  three  primary 
groups.  These  groups  were  sketched  out  in  1877  in  a  paper  on  "  The 
Internal  and  External  Structure  of  Paleozoic  Crinoids."  In  1874,  after 
a  second  trip  abroad,  he  returned  to  Burlington  and  in  a  few  years  made 
up  a  new  collection  much  superior  to  the  first.  Becoming  acquainted  with 
Frank  Springer,  the  two  worked,  studied  and  wrote  together,  and  in  1878 
the  results  of  their  researches  were  published  under  joint  authorship.  The 
work  is  mainly  directed  to  the  morphology  of  crinoids  with  a  view  to 
classification  and  was  published  as  a  monograph  of  the  Museum  of  Com- 
parative Zoology.  Mr.  Wachsmuth  was  a  Fellow  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  the  Geological  Society  of  America, 
Davenport  Academy  of  Sciences  and  a  member  of  the  Imperial  Academy 
of  Sciences,  Moscow,  Russia.  He  died  on  February  7,  1896.  He  left  un- 
finished his  "  Monograph  on  Fossil  Crinoids."  Of  the  collections  and  publi- 
cations of  Messrs.  Wachsmuth  and  Springer,  Dr.  Charles  R.  Keyes  says: 
{Annals  of  loioa,  Vol.  Ill) 

"  So  valuable  has  it  become  that  a  fire  proof  building  has  been  erected 
to  contain  it.  So  famous  has  it  become  that  it  and  its  modest  owners  are 
perhaps  better  known  in  all  the  centers  of  learning  and  culture  in  this 
country  and  in  the  old  world,  than  in  the  city  that  claims  them  as  resi- 
dents. .  .  .  The  State  may  well  be  proud  of  this  great  achievement. 
The  entire  work  may  be  regarded  as  essentially  an  Iowa  production. 
.  .  .  Almost  all  of  the  material  upon  which  it  is  based  was  obtained 
within  the  borders  of  the  State.  Both  the  authors  were  Iowa  men.  .  .  . 
All  the  work  was  done  in  the  State,  at  Burlington." 


OF  IOWA  275 


MARTIN  J.  WADE  was  born  in  Burlington,  Vermont,  on  the  20th  of 
October,  1861.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1870  and  received  his  education  in 
the  common  schools,  at  St.  Joseph's  College  at  Dubuque  and  in  the  Iowa 
State  University.  He  studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1886, 
In  1892  a  professor  in  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  University 
and  since  the  latter  date  has  been  a  lecturer  in  the  same  department,  and 
since  1897  has  been  lecturer  in  the  Medical  Department.  In  1889-90  he  was 
president  of  the  State  Bar  Association;  and  has  been  president  of  the 
Iowa  City  Public  Library  since  its  organization  in  1897.  In  1893  !Mr. 
Wade  was  elected  judge  of  the  Eighth  Judicial  District,  serving  until  1902 
when  he  was  elected  Representative  in  Congress  for  the  Second  District  on 
the  Democratic  ticket. 

JOHN  L.  WAITE,  journalist,  was  born  in  Ravenna,  Ohio,  August  29, 
1840.  He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  place  and  at- 
tended business  college  at  Chicago.  For  twelve  years  he  was  a  telegraph 
operator;  and  later  was  one  of  the  projectors  of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri 
Railroad  telegraph  line  which  he  helped  to  construct,  and  of  which  he  be- 
came superintendent.  In  1869  he  became  identified  with  the  Burlington 
Eawkeye,  first  as  city  editor  and  in  1874  became  associate  editor.  In 
1877  he  was  promoted  to  managing  editor  and  in  1881  he  was  appointed 
postmaster  of  Burlington.  At  the  close  of  his  term  he  became  editor  in 
chief  and  general  manager  of  the  Eawkeye  which,  under  his  direction,  has 
wielded  wide  influence  among  the  Republican  journals  of  Iowa.  In  1898 
Mr.  Waite  was  again  appointed  postmaster  of  Burlington  retaining  the 
management  of  the  Eawkeye. 

GEORGE  W.  WAKEFIELD  was  born  November  22,  1839,  at  De  Witt, 
Illinois,  and  was  educated  in  the  common  schools  and  at  Lombard  College. 
When  the  Civil  War  began  he  enlisted  in  Company  F,  Forty-first  Illinois 
Volunteer  Infantry,  serving  three  years.  After  the  close  of  the  war  Mr. 
Wakefield  was  engaged  in  farming  and  teaching.  Finally  studying  law  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Illinois  in  1868.  The  same  year  he  came  to 
Iowa,  locating  at  Sioux  City,  where  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession.  In  1870  he  was  elected  auditor  of  Woodbury  County,  which 
position  he  held  four  years.  In  1885  he  was  elected  judge  of  the  Circuit 
Court  of  the  Fourth  Judicial  District,  serving  two  years,  and  in  1887 
was  chosen  Judge  of  the  District  Court  which  position  he  has  held  up  to 
the  year  1903.  Judge  Wakefield  has  been  one  of  the  promoters  of  the 
Sioux  City  public  library,  serving  as  president  of  the  board  of  trustees 
from   1892  to   1903. 

M.'iDISON  ^I.  WALDEN.  seventh  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Iowa,  was 
born  in  Ohio,  in  1837.    He  received  a  good  education  and  came  to  Towa  in 


276  HISTORY 


1853,  locating  at  Centerville  in  Appanoose  County.  He  was  a  printer  and 
for  a  long  time  the  able  editor  of  the  Centerville  Citizen,  a  Republican 
weekly  of  wide  influence.  When  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  began  Mr.  Wal- 
den  raised  a  company  for  the  Sixth  Infantry  Regiment  and  was  commis- 
sioned captain.  In  December,  1862,  he  resigned  and  in  1863  recruited  a 
company  for  the  Eighth  Cavalry.  He  was  taken  prisoner  in  an  engagement 
at  Newnan,  Georgia,  in  July,  1864.  Mr.  Walden  was  an  excellent  officer 
and  remained  in  the  service  until  near  the  close  of  the  war  when  he  re- 
turned to  his  home  at  Centerville.  In  1866  he  was  a  member  of  the  House 
of  the  Eleventh  General  Assembly  and  at  the  close  of  his  term  was  elected 
to  the  Senate  for  four  years.  But  after  serving  one  session  he  was  nomi- 
nated by  the  Republican  State  Convention  for  Lieutenant-Governor  and 
elected.  Before  the  expiration  of  his  term  he  was  nominated  for  Repre- 
sentative in  Congress  by  the  Republicans  of  the  Fourth  District  and 
elected.  In  1890  he  was  again  a  member  of  the  Legislature  from  Appa- 
noose County.  Soon  after  the  close  of  the  session  he  received  an  appoint- 
ment in  the  Treasury  Department  at  Washington  and  removed  to  that 
city  where  he  died  on  the  24th  of  July,  1892.  Governor  Walden  was  an 
able  editor,  a  graceful  writer,  an  influential  legislator  and  an  accomplished 
presiding  officer. 

WILLIAM  W.  WALKER,  one  of  the  pioneer  railroad  builders  of 
Iowa,  was  born  in  Cooperstown,  New  York,  in  1834,  receiving  the  educa- 
tion of  civil  engineers.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1855  and  was  soon  chosen  chief 
engineer  of  the  Chicago,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Railroad  Company  with  charge 
of  the  location  of  the  trunk  line  of  what  is  now  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad  from  Clinton  to  Council  Bluff's.  After  the  completion 
of  that  line  he  was  one  of  the  leading  promoters  and  chief  engineer  of  the 
Sioux  City  &,  Pacific  and  Elkhorn  Valley  railroads.  He  was  an  active 
member  of  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad  Company, 
and  for  many  years  its  superintendent.  He  was  afterwards  engaged  in 
building  railroads  in  Missouri  and  Arizona.  Mr.  Walker  was  the  first 
president  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Cedar  Rapids  and  was  for  many 
years  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  Cedar  Rapids  Republican.  His  life 
was  one  of  great  usefulness  and  he  will  long  be  remembered  as  one  of  the 
pioneer  railroad  builders  of  the  State.  He  died  in  Chicago  on  the  22d  of 
September,  1893. 

JOHN  H.  WALLACE  was  born  on  August  16th.  1822,  and  was 
reared  on  a  farm  in  Allegheny  County,  Pennsylvania.  He  was  educated 
in  the  common  schools  and  at  Frankfort  Springs  Academy.  Though  natur- 
ally an  eager  student,  his  health  was  so  delicate  that  he  determined  to 
seek  an  outdoor  life  rather  than  one  of  study,  and  in  1845  he  removed  to 
Muscatine,  Iowa,  locating  on  a  farm  near  the  city.     He  became  an  active 


JOHN  H.  WALLACE 


OF  IOWA  277 


member  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society  and  in  1856  was  elected  secre- 
tary and  for  six  years  was  the  chief  official  in  the  management  of  the 
State  Fairs.  He  was  frequently  called  upon  for  information  relating  to 
pedigrees  of  domestic  animals  and  the  need  of  an  authority  on  the  pedi- 
grees of  horses  was  constantly  forced  upon  his  attention.  There  were  herd 
books  for  the  registration  of  cattle  in  those  days,  but  no  stud  book  where 
the  pedigrees  of  any  breed  of  horses  could  be  found  recorded.  In  1856 
Mr.  Wallace  began  collecting  information  with  the  ultimate  purpose  of 
publishing  a  stud  book  of  thoroughbred  horses.  The  thoroughbred,  or 
British  racehorse,  was  then  here,  as  in  England,  the  only  horse  of  litera- 
ture, though  the  Morgans  and  the  fast  trotting  horses  had  begun  to 
attract  attention.  From  the  files  of  the  oldest  American  sporting  journals 
containing  the  records  of  racing  and  from  old  turfmen  and  breeders  and 
from  other  sources  of  information  Mr.  Wallace  gleaned  a  great  mass  of 
pedigrees,  which  he  published  in  1867  in  "  Wallace's  American  Stud  Book." 
While  compiling  the  thoroughbred  pedigrees  Mr.  Wallace  gathered  such  in- 
formation as  he  found  about  the  breeding  and  records  of  trotting  horses, 
and  these  he  arranged  as  a  supplement  to  his  work  on  the  running  horse. 
This  supplement  contained  all  horses  that  have  trotted  in  public  in  2.40 
or  better  and  many  of  their  progenitors  and  descendants  with  all  that  is 
known  of  their  blood.  It  was  a  very  meager  work  covering  considerably 
less  than  one  hundred  pages  and  containing  in  many  instances  only  the 
names,  color  and  record  of  the  horse  registered.  That  the  editor  was  pretty 
well  satisfied  with  it  is  indicated  by  a  sentence  in  the  introduction:  "  It  is 
believed  that  this  compilation  of  trotting  horses,  embracing  more  than  seven 
hundred  animals,  is  very  nearly  perfect,  but  it  is  not  claimed  to  be  en- 
tirely so."  Meager  and  imperfect  as  it  is  now  Icnown  to  have  been,  this 
trotting  supplement  was  more  used  and  appreciated  than  was  the  main 
stud  book,  and  soon  after  its  publication  Mr.  Wallace  turned  his  undivided 
attention  to  this  new  field — the  history  and  literature  of  the  American 
trotting  horse.  The  first  volume  of  "  Wallace's  American  Trotting  Regis- 
ter "  was  published  in  1871.  It  represented  years  of  untiring  labor,  travel 
through  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  personal  investigation  of  hun- 
dreds of  important  pedigrees  which  before  had  been  altogether  unknown, 
or  in  hopeless  confusion.  The  second  volume  was  published  in  1874  and 
in  1875  Mr.  Wallace  removed  to  New  York  City,  where  he  established 
Wallace's  Monthly,  a  magazine  devoted  to  the  trotting  horse.  Later  he 
published  "  Wallace's  Year  Book,"  a  statistical  work  containing  reports 
of  all  races  trotted  or  paced  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  together  with 
elaborate  tables  of  pedigrees  and  records  designed  to  bring  out  the  relative 
merits  of  the  different  families  of  trotting  horses.  Mr.  Wallace  continued 
the  publication  of  the  Begister,  the  Monthly  and  the  Tear  Book  until 
1891,  when  a  controversy  between  him  and  several  wealthy  and  influential 
breeders,    concerning    the    pedigree    of    the    famous    trotting    mare    Sunol, 


278  HISTORY 


2:08  1-4  led  to  a  rupture  which  ended  in  the  sale  of  the  publications  to 
the  American  Trotting  Register  Association,  a  business  corporation  located 
at  Chicago,  for  about  $130,000.     Nine  volumes  of  the  Trotting  Register, 
six  volumes  of  the  Year  Book  and  fifteen  volumes  of  the  Monthly  were 
published  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Wallace  before  he  relinquished  control 
and  these  works  contain  more  than  all  others  concerning  the  history  of 
the  trotting  horse.     In  1897  Mr.  Wallace  published  his  latest  work  "  The 
Horse  of  America,"  which  may  be  said  to  contain  the  cream  of  all  the 
earlier  publications.     Mr.  Wallace's  influence  upon  the  horse  breeding  in- 
terests of  the  United  States  was  incalculable.     Possessed  of  untiring  in- 
dustry, sterling  integrity,  ability  not  approached  by  any  other  man  of  hia 
day,  or  of  any  day,  in  his  chosen  field  of  labor,  and  with  courage  enough  to 
stand  his  ground  against  the  whole  world  when  he  believed  he  was  right,  he 
accomplished  what  perhaps  no  one  else  could  have  done  in  ascertaining  and 
putting  on  record  the  truth,  the  whole  truth  and  nothing  but  the  truth 
about  the  blood  elements  of  a  new  breed  of  horses,  now  recognized  as  the 
most  valuable  the  world  has  ever  known.    He  not  only  performed  a  hercu- 
lean task  in  tracing  out  the  inheritance  of  the  trotting  horse,  but  his  de- 
ductions from  the  statistics  of  turf  and  stud  guided  to  a  great  extent  the 
breeding  of  trotting  horses  throughout  the  country.     It  has  been  said  of 
Mr.  Wallace    that    he    was    more    of  a  scientist    than  a  horseman.     He 
cared  little  for  what  may  be  termed  the  practical  side  of  horsemanship 
and  racing.     His  taste  and  talent  were  almost  wholly  for  the  historical 
and   scientific   phases   of  the   subject.     He  was   a   most  uncompromising 
opponent  of  betting  in  all  forms  and  had  many  bitter  enemies  among  horse 
owners  and  track  owners  owing  to  his  unceasing  warfare  against  pool- 
selling.    He  would  not  go  as  far  as  from  his  New  York  office  at  Broadway 
and  Fulton  streets,  to  Fleetwood  Park,  to  see  an  ordinary  race,  but  would 
spend  weeks,  months  and  sometimes  even  years  in  tracing  the  inheritance 
of  some  obscure  trotter  that  had  gained  a  record  of  2:30  or  better  in  that 
race.     His  whole  interest  and  labor  were  in  tracing  and  classifying  pedi- 
grees and  records  and  drawing  from  the  statistics  so  collected  and  classi- 
fied deductions  as  to  the  sources  of  speed,  the  laws  of  heredity  and  the  way 
to  improve  the  breed  of  trotting  horses. 

FITZ  HENRY  WARREN  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  and  versatile 
of  the  notable  men  of  Iowa.  He  was  a  native  of  New  England,  having  been 
born  in  Brimfield,  Massachusetts,  January  11,  1816.  He  received  a  liberal 
education  and  first  engaged  in  business  as  a  merchant.  In  August,  1844, 
he  removed  to  Iowa  Territory  and  located  at  Burlington  where  he  en- 
gaged in  milling.  He  took  a  deep  interest  in  politics  from  boyhood  and 
was  an  active  Whig.  It  is  believed  that  he  was  the  first  to  propose  the 
nomination  of  General  Zachary  Taylor  for  President  and  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  National  Whig  Convention  in  1848  which  nominated  the  hero  of 
Buena    Vista.      Soon    after    the    inauguration    of    President    Taylor,    Fitz 


OF  IOWA  279 


Henry  Warren  was  appointed  First  Assistant  Postmaster  General.  After 
the  death  of  the  President  and  the  accession  of  Millard  Fillmore,  who 
approved  the  fugitive  slave  law,  Warren  resigned  in  disgust  at  the  sub- 
serviency of  the  new  President  to  the  slave  power.  Through  the  influence 
of  the  antislavery  Whigs  Mr.  Warren  was  made  secretary  of  the  National 
Executive  Committee.  In  the  long  senatorial  contest  before  the  Fifth  Gen- 
eral Assembly  in  1855,  Mr.  Warren  was  one  of  the  prominent  candidates 
but  James  Harlan  was  finally  chosen.  Mr.  Warren  was  chairman  of  the 
Des  Moines  County  delegation  to  the  convention  of  1856  which  organized 
the  Republican  party  and  was  one  of  the  delegates  to  the  National  Conven- 
tion which  nominated  General  Fremont  for  President.  He  was  one  of  the 
most  brilliant  political  writers  in  the  State  and  a  frequent  contributor  to 
the  editorial  columns  of  the  Burlington  Hawkey e.  In  1861  he  was  one  of 
the  chief  editorial  writers  on  the  Islew  York  Tribune  and  the  author  of  the 
famous  "  On  to  Richmond  "  articles.  He  returned  to  Iowa  and  helped  to 
raise  the  First  Iowa  Cavalry  of  which  he  was  appointed  colonel.  In  1862 
he  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General  with  a  command  in  the  army  under 
General  Samuel  R.  Curtis,  in  Missouri.  In  1863  General  Warren  was 
the  leading  candidate  before  the  Republican  State  Convention  for  Gover- 
nor, but  by  a  combination  of  the  supporters  of  other  candidates,  Warren 
was  defeated.  Before  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  brevetted  Major-General. 
In  1866  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  and  after  serving  one  session 
was  appointed  by  the  President,  Minister  to  Guatemala  where  he  served 
two  years.  He  died  at  Brimfield,  Massachusetts,  in  June,  1878.  Judge 
Francis  Springer  said  of  this  brilliant  man: 

"  General  Warren  was  one  of  the  keenest  and  most  incisive  writers, 
the  most  scholarly  of  our  statesmen  and  one  of  the  best  men  we  ever  had 
in  the  State." 

CHARLES  M.  WATERMAN  was  born  in  Frankfort,  Kentucky,  on  the 
5th  of  January,  1847.  His  education  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools 
and  in  a  private  academy.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1854  and  studied  law. 
The  first  office  he  held  was  that  of  city  attorney  of  Davenport.  In  1877 
he  was  chosen  one  of  the  Representatives  in  the  House  of  the  Seventeenth 
General  Assembly  on  the  Republican  ticket.  On  the  28th  of  June,  1887, 
he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Larrabee  to  fill  a  vacancy  in  the  office  of 
judge  of  the  Seventh  Judicial  District  caused  by  the  death  of  Judge  John 
H.  Rogers.  He  was  elected  for  a  full  term  in  November  of  that  year  and 
reelected  in  1890  and  1894.  In  the  summer  of  1897  he  received  the  nomi- 
nation at  the  Republican  State  Convention  for  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court 
and  was  elected  in  November,  taking  his  place  on  the  bench  the  1st  of 
January,   1898. 

JAMES  B.  WEAVER  was  born  in  Dayton,  Ohio,  June  12,  1833.  He 
graduated  at  the  Law  School  of  the  Ohio  University  at  Cincinnati  in  1854. 


280  HISTORY 


His  father  removed  with  his  family  to  Michigan  and  from  there  to  Iowa 
in   1843,  locating  in  Davis  County.     Here  the  son  began  the  practice  of 
law  at  Bloomfield  where  he  was  also  the  editor  of  a  weekly  paper  for  a  few 
years  before  the  Civil  War.      He  enlisted  soon  after  the  opening  of  the 
Rebellion,  in  Company  G,   Second  Iowa  Infantry,  and  was  commissioned 
first  lieutenant.     Mr.   Weaver  was   in  the  battles   of   Fort  Donelson   and 
Shiloh  and  was  promoted  to  major  of  the  regiment  for  gallant  conduct. 
Soon  after  the  Battle  of  Corinth  he  was  promoted  to  colonel  and  remained 
in  command  of  the  regiment  until  its  term  of  service  expired.     He  was 
brevetted  Brigadier-General  in  March,   1864.     In   1865  he  was  one  of  the 
prominent  candidates  for  the  nomination  for  Lieutenant-Governor  in  the 
Republican  State  Convention,  receiving  next  to  the  highest  vote.     In  1866 
he  was  elected  District  Attorney  in  the  Second  Judicial  District,  serving 
four  years.     In  1867  he  was  appointed  by  President  Johnson,  Assessor  of 
Internal   Revenue  for  the  First  District,   serving  six  years.     In   1875  he 
was   a   candidate   before  the   Republican   State   Convention    for   Governor. 
He  received  strong  support  and  on  the  morning  of  the  convention  it  was 
generally  conceded  that  he  would  be  nominated.     He  was   an  active  and 
outspoken  advocate  of  prohibition  and  the  rigid  enforcement  of  the  pro- 
hibitory liquor  law,  which  aroused  the  bitter  opposition  of  the  license  men. 
They   saw  that  he  was  about  to  be  nominated  and  secretly  organized   a 
movement  to  bring  out  the  name  of  Samuel  J.   Kirkwood  the  "  old  Avar 
Governor  "  as  the  only  way  to  defeat  General  Weaver.     The  Ex-Governor 
was    not   present   and   when   communicated   with    declined   to   be   made   a 
candidate.     But  the  license  men  were  not  to  be  turned  from  their  course 
and  in  a  dramatic  manner   presented  the  Governor's   name  in  an   adroit 
speech   and  in   a   prearranged   plan   had  tremendous   cheering   started   for 
Governor  Kirkwood  which  swept  the  convention  and  thus  the  nomination 
was  at  the   last  moment  diverted   from   General  Weaver.      Soon   after   he 
left  the  Republican  party  and  became  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  National, 
or  better  known  as  the  "  Greenback  "  party.     In  1878  he  was  nominated 
by  the  new  party  for  Representative  in  Congress  in  the  Sixth  District  and 
after  a  warm  campaign  was  elected  over  the  Republican   candidate.      In 
1880  he  was  nominated  by  the  National  Convention  of  the  new  party  for 
President  of  the  United  States.     He  received  about  350,000  votes.     In  1881 
General   Weaver   was   again   elected  to   Congress   from   the   Sixth   District 
and  reelected  in  1886  by  a  coalition  of  the  opposition  to  the  Republican 
candidate.     In  1892  General  Weaver  was  again  nominated  for   President, 
this  time  by  the  People's  party.    At  the  election  he  received  1,042,531  votes 
and  twenty-two  electoral  votes.     General  Weaver  has  for  many  years  given 
most  of  his   time   to   the   advocacy   of   his   political   views   and   has    long 
been  one  of  the  ablest  among  the  national  speakers  and  managers  of  his 
party. 


DR.   A.    S.    WELCH 


OF  IOWA  281 


SILAS  M.  WEAVER  was  born  in  Chautauqua  County,  New  York, 
on  the  18th  of  December,  1846.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  that  county  and  at  the  Fredonia  Acad- 
emy. He  taught  school  several  winters,  spending  the  summers  in  reading 
law  until  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Buffalo,  in  1868.  The  same  year 
he  came  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Iowa  Falls  where  he  began  practice.  In 
1883  he  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  Representative  in  the  Twenti- 
eth General  Assembly.  He  was  chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee  and 
at  the  close  of  the  first  term  was  reelected  to  the  Twenty-first  General 
Assembly.  It  was  in  the  Legislature  of  18S6  that  an  attempt  was  made  to 
impeach  and  remove  from  office  the  Auditor  of  State,  J.  L.  Brown.  Mr. 
Weaver  was  chosen  by  the  House,  chairman  of  the  board  of  managers  to 
conduct  the  prosecution  of  the  trial  before  the  Senate.  In  1886  he  was 
elected  judge  of  the  Eleventh  Judicial  District  and  has  been  repeatedly 
reelected,  serving  in  that  position  for  fifteen  years.  In  1891,  he  was  nom- 
inated by  the  Republican  State  Convention  for  Judge  of  the  Supreme 
Court  but  for  the  first  time  since  the  organization  of  the  party,  the  entire 
Republican  ticket  was  defeated.  In  1891  Judge  Weaver  was  again  nom- 
inated for  a  seat  on  the  Supreme  bench  and  elected. 

ANDONIJAH  S.  WELCH  was  born  April  12,  1821,  at  Chatham,  Con- 
necticut, and  received  his  early  education  in  the  schools  of  that  place.  He 
removed  to  Michigan  and  entered  the  State  University  at  Ann  Arbor  from 
which  he  graduated.  His  first  inclination  was  to  become  a  lawyer;  he 
entered  upon  the  study  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  But  after  a  few 
years  began  what  proved  to  be  his  life  work,  teaching.  He  was  chosen 
principal  of  the  first  union  school  in  Michigan  and  soon  developed  such 
ability  in  that  work  that  he  was  elected  president  of  the  State  Normal 
School  of  Michigan.  Here,  for  fifteen  years,  he  labored  with  such  marked 
success  that  he  ranked  among  the  most  progressive  and  resourceful  educa- 
tors of  the  west.  After  continual  work  in  that  position  his  health  gave 
way  and  he  went  to  Florida  for  a  season  of  rest.  While  residing  there  he 
was  elected  to  the  United  States  Senate,  in  the  process  of  reconstructing 
the  government  of  that  State  and  its  restoration  to  its  place  in  the  Union, 
in  1868.  While  holding  this  position  he  had  been  so  strongly  recommended 
by  the  leading  educators  of  Michigan  for  the  presidency  of  the  Iowa 
Agricultural  College  that  the  chairman  of  the  special  committee  on  organi- 
zation of  that  institution  became  convinced  that  he  was  the  man  for  the 
place.  After  extended  investigation,  he  so  reported  to  the  Board  of  Trus- 
tees and  was  by  them  authorized  to  tender  the  position  to  Mr.  Welch. 
He  accepted  upon  condition  that  he  be  allowed  to  serve  in  the  Senate 
until  the  4th  of  March,  1869,  and  enter  upon  the  duties  of  his  new 
position  soon  thereafter.  He  visited  the  college  in  September,  1868,  had 
a  long  conference  with  the  trustees,  presented  to  them  his  plan  of 
organization  and   course  of  study  and  helped  to   inaugurate  the   prelimi- 


282  HISTORY 


nary  and  preparatory  session.  He  returned  to  Washington  and  resumed 
his  seat  in  the  Senate.  The  Republicans  of  Florida,  who  had  a  major- 
ity in  the  Legislature,  proposed  to  elect  Mr.  Welch  to  the  long  term 
in  the  Senate  but  he  declined  the  position,  preferring  the  presidency  of 
the  Iowa  College.  There  for  fifteen  years,  he  labored  most  successfully, 
to  build  up  that  institution  into  one  of  the  most  successful  scientific  and 
industrial  colleges  in  the  west.  He  possessed  a  remarkable  power  of 
organization  and  was  largely  instrumental  in  working  out  the  many  diffi- 
cult problems  of  the  new  system  of  education  then  in  its  infancy.  He 
was  an  enthusiastic  advocate  of  coeducation  and  demonstrated  its  practi- 
cability and  advantages  in  the  college  under  his  supervision.  Under  his 
wise  direction  the  foundation  was  laid  in  the  formative  years  for  the  great 
educational  institution  which  has  grown  up.  In  1877  the  United  States 
Commissioner  of  Technological  and  Industrial  Schools,  visited  the  Agricul- 
tural College  and,  after  a  thorough  investigation  of  its  plans  and  work, 
said  to  President  Welch:  "You  have  here  the  best  institution  of  its  kind 
in  the  United  States."  President  Welch  was  one  of  the  most  accom- 
plished and  powerful  public  speakers  in  the  west  and  was  in  constant  de- 
mand for  addresses  before  educational  and  industrial  organizations  through- 
out the  country.  He  was  long  regarded  as  the  highest  authority  on  indus- 
trial education  in  the  United  States  and  was  the  author  of  several  valuable 
school  text  books.  In  1882  he  was  sent  by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  en 
a  mission  to  Europe  to  examine  and  report  upon  industrial  and  scientific 
schools  of  the  old  world.  His  report  was  one  of  great  value  and  widely 
sought  for.  Dr.  Welch  died  in  Pasadena,  California,  on  the  14th  of  March, 
1889.  His  funeral  was  held  at  the  college,  on  the  21st,  and  was  attended 
by  the  Governor  and  other  State  officers. 

MARY  BEAUMONT  WELCH,  a  native  of  the  State  of  New  York, 
was  born  at  Lyons,  in  Wayne  County,  on  the  3d  of  July,  1841.  She  re- 
ceived an  education  at  Elmira  Seminary  and  for  several  years  was  a 
teacher.  Her  first  husband  was  George  E.  Dudley  to  whom  she  was  mar- 
ried in  1858.  After  his  death  she  married  A.  S.  Welch  of  Michigan  in 
1868.  She  came  with  him  to  Iowa  upon  his  election  as  president  of  the 
State  Agricultural  College,  and  at  once  became  his  most  faithful  and 
efficient  helper  in  the  varied  duties  devolving  upon  him  in  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  new  college.  Her  influence  with  the  girls  was  unbounded  from 
the  beginning.  As  the  first  professor  and  organizer  of  the  new  department 
of  Domestic  Economy,  she  carried  on  a  work  that  required  a  high  order  of 
inventive  and  executive  ability  and  filled  the  position  with  such  marked 
success  as  to  win  for  it  a  high  place  in  the  experimental  college  achieve- 
ments. She  was  frequently  called  upon  for  lectures  in  the  line  of  her 
work  and  helped  to  elevate  that  branch  of  home  accomplishments  in  public 
estimation.  She  aroused  among  her  students  much  of  her  own  enthusiasm 
over   home   making   and   all   improved   methods   of   conducting   household 


MRS.    MARY   B.   WELCH 


OF  IOWA  283 


affairs  on  a  higher  plane.  Mrs.  Welch  was  an  ardent  advocate  of  equal 
suffrage  and  was  one  of  the  ofl&cers  of  the  State  Association.  After  the 
death  of  President  Welch  she  removed  to  California. 

LUMAN  H.  WELLER  was  born  at  Bridgewater,  Connecticut,  August 
24,  1833.  He  received  a  liberal  education  at  academies  and  the  State 
Normal  School.  In  1859  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  on  a  farm  in 
Chickasaw  County.  He  read  law  after  his  day's  work  in  the  field  until 
1868  when  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1867  he  was  an  independent 
candidate  for  a  seat  in  the  Legislature  but  was  not  successful.  He  was  an 
independent  candidate  for  State  Senator  at  the  elections  of  1869  and  1877 
but  was  not  elected.  In  1878  he  was  a  candidate  for  Congress  but  was 
defeated.  In  1883  he  was  nominated  for  Congress  by  the  National  party, 
made  a  vigorous  campaign  and  was  elected.  Mr.  Weller  served  through  the 
Forty-eighth  Congress.  He  became  a  prominent  member  of  the  Populist 
party  and  refused  to  affiliate  with  the  Democrats. 

D.  FRANKLIN  WELLS  was  born  in  Oneida  County,  New  York,  June 
22,  1830.  His  early  education  was  acquired  in  the  common  schools  and 
later  he  graduated  from  the  State  Normal  School  at  Albany.  In  1853  he 
came  to  Muscatine,  Iowa,  where  he  was  chosen  principal  of  one  of  the  city 
schools.  In  1856  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Normal  Department  of 
the  State  University,  serving  in  that  capacity  for  ten  years.  In  1867 
he  was  appointed  by  the  Governor,  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction 
to  fill  a  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Oran  Faville,  and  at  the 
following  general  election  was  chosen  for  a  full  term.  He  died  in  Novem- 
ber, 1868,  in  the  thirty-ninth  year  of  his  age.  Henry  Sabin  pronounced 
Professor  Wells  the  recognized  leader  of  the  educational  forces  of  the  State 
at  the  period  when  he  was  thus  actively  engaged  in  the  work,  and  adds 
that  he  literally  gave  his  life  to  the  cause. 

CLARK  R.  WEVER  was  born  at  Hornsfield,  New  York,  September 
16,  1835,  where  he  grew  to  manhood.  Soon  after  he  became  of  age  he 
made  an  extensive  journey  through  Texas  and  Mexico.  In  1858  he  came 
to  Iowa,  locating  at  Burlington.  When  the  Civil  War  began  he  assisted 
in  raising  Company  D,  Seventeenth  Iowa  Volunteers  and  was  commis- 
sioned captain.  He  made  an  excellent  officer,  serving  in  several  general 
engagements  with  marked  ability.  He  was  promoted  to  lieutenant-colonel 
in  October,  1862,  and  upon  the  resignation  of  Hillis  in  1863  became  colonel 
of  the  regiment.  He  commanded  it  in  the  Chattanooga  campaign  and  was 
with  Sherman's  march  and  battles  through  the  Gulf  States.  He  was  in 
command  of  a  brigade  at  Resaca  when  General  Hood's  army  approached 
and  demanded  the  surrender  of  the  post.  With  greatly  inferior  numbers 
Wever  determined  to  hold  it  at  all  hazards.  In  reply  to  Hood's  demand, 
Wever  responded:    'In  my  opinion  I  can  hold  this  post;   if  you  want  it. 


284  HISTORY 


come  and  take  it."  The  attack  began  with  great  fury,  but  Wever  made 
a  brilliant  defense  until  reenforcements  relieved  the  heroic  commander 
and  his  little  garrison.  Colonel  Wever  commanded  a  brigade  through  Sher- 
man's great  campaign.  He  was  brevetted  Brigadier-General  in  recognition 
of  his  brilliant  services. 

LORING  WHEELER  was  one  of  the  first  lawmakers  who  represented 
Iowa  in  a  legislative  body.  He  was  born  in  Westmoreland  County,  New 
Hampshire,  July  16,  1799.  His  early  education  was  acquired  in  the  com- 
mon schools.  In  1829  he  came  to  Galena,  Illinois,  and  engaged  in  lead 
mining.  He  enlisted  in  the  army  raised  to  prosecute  the  Black  Hawk 
War  and  served  under  General  Henry  Dodge.  After  the  war  he  located 
at  Dubuque  and  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  Michigan  Territory 
Chief  Justice  of  Dubuque  County,  which  was  then  in  that  jurisdiction. 
When  the  Territory  of  Wisconsin  was  created  Mr.  Wheeler  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  House  of  the  First  Legislative  Assembly  from 
Dubuque  County  which  then  embraced  half  of  the  present  State 
of  Iowa  as  well  as  a  portion  of  Minnesota.  He  also  served  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Second  Legislative  Assembly  of  Iowa  in  1839-40.  In  1841 
he  removed  to  De  Witt,  in  Clinton  County  and,  after  Iowa  became  a  State 
Mr.  Wheeler  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  First  General  Assembly, 
representing  Scott  and  Clinton  counties,  where  he  served  four  years.  He 
was  a  Whig  in  politics  until  1856  when  he  helped  to  organize  the  Re- 
publican party,  with  which  he  was  affiliated  until  his  death.  He  had  been 
a  prominent  official  and  citizen  of  Michigan,  Wisconsin  and  Iowa  when 
they  were  Territories  and  was  an  intimate  friend  of  George  Catlin  the 
famous  historiaq,  and  portrait  painter  of  notable  Indians  of  those  times. 
Mr.  Wheeler's  portrait  was  painted  by  Catlin  when  he  was  about  thirty 
years  of  age  and  that  was  probably  the  only  portrait  of  an  Iowa  man 
ever  painted  by  that  noted  artist  and  author.  Mr.  Wlieeler  died  at  De 
Witt  on  the  26th  of  January,  1889,  at  nearly  ninety  years  of  age. 

CHARLES  A.  WHITE,  geologist  and  author,  was  born  at  North 
Dighton,  Massachusetts,  January  26,  1826.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  Decem- 
ber, 1838,  the  year  Iowa  was  organized  into  a  Territoiy,  stopping  first  at 
Burlington.  He  received  the  degree  of  M.  D.  from  Rush  Medical  College 
in  1863  and  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  Iowa  College  at  Grinnell  in  1866. 
He  was  made  State  Geologist  of  Iowa  in  1866  by  act  of  the  Legislature, 
working  in  that  field  until  1869,  publishing  his  report  in  two  columns.  He 
was  chosen  Professor  of  Natural  History  in  the  State  University  of  Iowa 
in  1867,  serving  until  1873,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  same  position  in 
Bowdoin  College  where  he  remained  two  years,  when  he  received  the  ap- 
pointment of  Paleontologist  to  the  Geological  and  Geographical  Surveys, 
in  charge  of  Lieutenant  Geo.  M.  Wheeler.  In  1875  he  was  Geologist  and 
Paleontologist  to  the  United  States  Survey  of  the  Territories,  in  charge 


FRED  E.  WHITE 


OF  IOWA  285 


of  Major  J.  W.  Powell.  From  1876  to  1879  he  was  holding  the  same 
position  in  the  Geological  Survey  of  the  Territories,  under  Dr.  F.  V.  Hay- 
den.  He  served  as  curator  in  charge  of  the  Paleontological  Collections  of 
the  United  States  National  Museum  at  Washington  from  1879  to  1882 
and  was  detailed  to  act  as  chief  of  the  Artesian  Wells  Commission  in 
1881,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  He  was 
Geologist  and  Paleontologist  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  from 
1883  to  1892.  In  December,  1899,  he  was  elected  foreign  member  of  the 
Geological  Society  of  London.  During  this  period  Dr.  White  published 
by  the  Smithsonian  Institution  a  large  number  of  scientific  works  in  his 
specialties. 

FREDERICK  E.  WHITE  was  born  in  Prussia,  in  1844.  He  came  to 
America  with  his  mother  in  1857,  making  his  home  on  a  farm  in 
Keokuk  County.  At  the  beginning  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  he 
enlisted  in  the  Eighth  Infantry  but  was  rejected  on  account  of  being 
under  eighteen.  In  February,  1862,  he  again  enlisted,  this  time  in  the 
Thirteenth  Iowa  Volunteer  Infantry,  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war. 
In  1890  he  was  nominated  by  the  Democrats  of  the  Sixth  District  for  Rep- 
resentative in  Congress  and  elected  over  John  F.  Lacey,  Republican.  He 
served  but  one  term,  being  defeated  in  1892  for  reelection  by  his  former 
competitor.  He  was  the  Democratic  candidate  for  Governor  in  1897  and 
again  in  1899  but  was  defeated  by  L.  M.  Shaw  the  Republican  candi- 
date. 

CHARLES  E.  WHITING  was  born  in  Otsego  County,  New  York,  on 
the  17th  of  January,  1821.  He  received  a  liberal  education  and  was 
reared  on  a  farm.  At  twenty-two  years  of  age  he  went  to  Alabama  and 
became  a  merchant.  In  1850  he  joined  the  gold  seekers  in  a  trip  to  Cali- 
fornia where  he  remained  until  1853.  In  1855  he  came  to  Iowa,  locating 
in  Monona  County,  where  he  acquired  a  farm  of  more  than  7,000  acres. 
He  began  the  planting  of  trees,  raising  black  walnut  from  the  nuts  and 
was  very  successful.  He  also  planted  other  varieties,  including  fruit  trees, 
doing  a  large  amount  of  intelligent  experimental  work  in  tree  cultvire 
and  giving  the  results  of  his  labors  in  this  line  to  the  public  throvigh  the 
State  Horticultural  Society  and  its  publications.  He  was  a  close  observer 
and  contribvited  a  large  amount  of  valuable  information  for  the  benefit 
of  Iowa  and  prairie  farmers  and  western  horticulturists.  His  farm  beside 
being  one  of  the  largest  in  the  State,  was  one  of  the  best  managed  and 
was  an  enduring  object  lesson  to  other  farmers.  He  was  many  times  nom- 
inated by  the  Democratic  party,  of  which  he  was  a  lifelong  member,  for 
public  offices.  He  was  one  of  the  early  trustees  of  the  State  Agricultural 
College  and  a  valuable  member  of  the  board.  He  was  elected  to  the  State 
Senate  in  1883,  serving  four  years.  In  1885  he  was  nominated  by  his 
party  for  Governor  but  was  not  elected.     Mr.  Whiting  served  six  years  as 


286  HISTORY 


one  of  the  Regents  of  the  State  University.  He  died  at  his  home  on  the 
2d  of  December,  1897.  His  son,  William  C.  Whiting,  was  a  member  of  the 
House  of  the  Twenty-ninth  General  Assembly. 

LEONARD  WHITNEY,  pioneer  clergyman,  was  born  at  Waterbury, 
Vermont,  October  23,  1811.  The  district  school  and  an  academy  furnished 
his  early  education,  as  he  was  of  adventurous  spirit  and  declined  his 
father's  offer  of  a  college  course.  Later  he  attended  school  at  Hinesbury, 
studied  law  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1835.  While  visiting  a  Baptist 
clergyman.  Rev.  William  Arthur  (father  of  the  future  President),  he  be- 
gan preparing  for  the  ministry  and  preached  at  various  places.  While  at 
Canandaigua,  New  York,  he  underwent  a  change  in  his  religious  belief, 
established  a  free  church  and  later  became  a  Unitarian.  In  1853  he  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  the  first  Unitarian  church  in  the  State  of  Iowa  at  Keokuk, 
where  he  drew  together  a  remarkable  congregation,  among  whom  were 
Samuel  F.  Miller,  later  Judge  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court  and 
George  W.  McCrary,  afterwards  Secretary  of  War  in  President  Hayes' 
Cabinet.  Mr.  Whitney  was  an  outspoken  antislavery  man  from  the  first 
and  was  fearless  in  the  pulpit  and  on  the  platform.  When  the  Civil  War  be- 
gan he  volunteered  in  the  service  and  was  appointed  chaplain  in  the 
Eleventh  Illinois  Cavalry,  of  which  Robert  G.  Ingersoll  was  colonel.  Mr. 
Whitney  was  untiring  in  his  efforts  to  alleviate  suflFering  and  had  great 
moral  influence  with  the  men  in  his  care.  After  the  Battle  of  Shiloh  he 
overexerted  himself  in  ministering  to  the  wounded  and  returning  to  Keo- 
kuk, died  on  the  12th  of  June,  1862.  Judge  Miller  has  said  of  him:  "He 
was  a  true  man,  with  a  noble  intellect  and  died  a  martyr  to  his  sense  of 
duty." 

ELIAS  H.  WILLIAMS  was  born  in  Ledyard,  Connecticut.  July  23, 
1819.  After  attending  the  common  schools  he  prepared  for  college  and 
graduated  at  Yale.  He  came  west  and  during  the  Black  Hawk  War  was 
in  the  military  service,  being  stationed  at  Fort  Atkinson  for  a  time.  He 
removed  to  Iowa  in  1846,  locating  at  Garnavillo,  Clayton  County.  He 
engaged  in  farming  and  the  practice  of  law  and  became  a  Republican  upon 
the  organization  of  that  party  in  1856  always  taking  a  deep  interest  in 
public  affairs.  He  served  as  county  judge  in  Clayton,  and  in  1858  was 
elected  judge  of  the  Tenth  Judicial  District,  where  he  served  until  1866. 
In  January,  1870,  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Merrill  Judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  to  fill  a  vacancy.  He  resigned  the  position  in  September 
of  the  same  year.  In  addition  to  managing  his  farm  and  practicing  law, 
Judge  Williams  was  largely  engaged  in  the  promotion  of  railroad  enter- 
prises. He  was  influential  in  securing  the  building  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad  up  the  shore  of  the  Mississippi  River  through 
Clayton  County;  and  also  in  securing  the  construction  of  the  road  up  the 


OF   IOWA  287 


valley  of  the  Turkey  River.  He  was  at  the  head  of  the  company  that  built 
the  Iowa  Eastern  Railroad  to  Elkader,  and  furnished  most  of  the  means 
for  its  construction.     He  died  on  the  20th  of  August,  1891. 

JOSEPH  WILLIAMS  was  bom  in  Huntington,  Pennsylvania,  Decem- 
ber 8,  1801.  He  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  began  prac- 
tice in  Hollidaysburg.  In  1838,  when  the  Territory  of  Iowa  was  created. 
President  Van  Buren  appointed  Joseph  Williams  one  of  the  judges  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  the  Territory.  The  appointment  was  secured  at  the 
earnest  request  of  Jeremiah  S.  Black  who  became  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Pennsylvania  and  later  Attorney- General  and  Secre- 
tary of  State  in  the  Cabinet  of  President  Buchanan.  At  this  time  Judge 
Williams  was  thirty-seven  years  of  age  and  had  never  been  a  prominent 
lawyer.  He  was  a  close  observer,  possessed  an  excellent  memory  and  was 
a  popular,  if  not  a  learned  judge.  He  served  until  the  Territory  was  ad- 
mitted as  a  State  when  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Briggs  Chief  Jus- 
tice of  the  Supreme  Court.  He  was  elected  by  the  following  General  As- 
sembly for  a  term  of  six  years.  In  1857  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Buchanan  District  Judge  of  the  Territory  of  Kansas  and  removed  to  Fort 
Scott.  During  Lincoln's  administration  he  was  appointed  United  States 
District  Judge  for  Tennessee.  He  died  at  Fort  Scott  in  March,  1871.  Judge 
Williams  was  a  younger  brother  of  Major  William  Williams,  founder  of 
the  town  of  Fort  Dodge,  and  commander  of  the  Spirit  Lake  relief  expe- 
dition. 

J.  WILSON  WILLI AJVIS  was  born  in  1816,  at  Charlotte,  Vermont, 
and  was  educated  for  a  civil  engineer.  In  1836  he  came  to  Hancock 
County,  Illinois,  and  was,  for  twelve  years,  county  surveyor.  When  the 
boundary  line  was  established  between  Iowa  and  Missouri,  Mr.  Williams 
was  one  of  the  engineers  employed  in  that  work.  In  1850  he  located  at 
Huron,  in  Des  Moines  County,  Iowa,  which  became  his  permanent  home. 
In  1852  he  was  elected  on  the  Whig  ticket  with  James  W.  Grimes  as  a 
colleague  to  represent  that  county  in  the  House  of  the  Fourth  General 
Assembly  and  again  elected  to  the  Sixth,  in  1862,  as  a  Republican  and  in 
1866  was  chosen  to  the  same  position  for  the  fourth  time.  In  1874  he 
was  elected  to  the  Senate,  serving  four  years,  and  again  in  1880  was  a 
member  of  the  House,  serving  fourteen  years  as  a  member  of  the  Iowa 
Legislature.  In  1866  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  State  Agri- 
cultural College  and  served  on  the  building  committee  during  the  erection 
of  the  main  structure  and  the  organization  of  the  college.  He  died  on 
the  29th  of  August,  1893. 

WILLIAM  WILLIAMS  was  born  at  Huntington,  Pennsylvania,  De- 
cember 6,  1796.  He  was  the  eldest  son  and  for  many  years  after  the 
death    of   his    father   devoted   himself   to    supporting   and   educating    the 


288  HISTORY 


younger  children.  In  1849  he  came  to  Iowa,  stopping  at  Muscatine.  In 
1850  he  joined  the  expedition  sent  to  establish  Fort  Dodge  on  the  upper 
Des  Moines  River.  He  was  sutler  of  the  post  until  it  was  abandoned  by 
the  troops  when  he  purchased  the  ground  for  a  company  of  which  he  with 
Bernhart  Henn  and  others  were  members.  They  laid  out  the  to^vn  of  Fort 
Dodge  and  secured  the  establishment  of  a  United  States  Land  Office  there. 
For  many  years  Major  Williams  devoted  his  energies  to  building  up  the 
town  he  had  founded  and  of  which  he  was  the  first  permanent  settler.  When 
the  Sioux  Indians  threatened  hostilities  in  northern  Iowa,  after  the  re- 
moval of  the  troops,  Major  Williams  was  authorized  by  Governor  Grimes 
to  take  such  action  as  was  necessary  to  protect  the  frontier.  Under  this 
authority  he  organized  a  little  army  of  three  companies  immediately  after 
the  massacre  at  the  lakes  in  March,  1857,  and  marched  to  the  scene  of 
the  slaughter.  A  full  account  of  the  suiferings,  achievements  and  heroism 
of  this  expedition  is  given  elsewhere.  Major  Williams  was  nearly  sixty- 
two  years  of  age  when  he  led  this  little  army  on  its  terrible  march.  In 
1865  he  wrote  a  history  of  the  early  settlements  in  northwestern  Iowa, 
which  was  published  in  the  North  West,  then  the  only  newspaper  in  Fort 
Dodge.  In  this  he  gave  to  the  public  a  full  and  authentic  account  of  the 
Relief  Expedition  of  1857.  He  died  at  Fort  Dodge  on  the  26th  of  Febru- 
ary, 1874.  As  the  founder  of  Fort  Dodge  and  the  commander  of  the 
Spirit  Lake  Expedition.  Major  Williams  will  have  an  enduring  place  in 
Iowa  history. 

NELSON  G.  WILLIAMS  was  born  in  Bainbridge,  Chenango  County, 
New  York,  in  1823.  He  was  educated  at  Utica  and  began  business  for 
himself  in  the  city  of  New  York  where  he  became  an  importing  merchant. 
In  1855  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  in  Dubuque,  where  he  engaged  in 
the  mercantile  business  for  several  years.  Later  he  made  his  home  on  a 
farm  in  Dubuque  County  where  he  was  living  when  the  Civil  War  began. 
He  immediately  tendered  his  services  to  Governor  Kirkwood  and  was 
commissioned  colonel  of  the  Third  Iowa  Infantry,  serving  but  a  short  time 
when  he  was  placed  under  arrest  by  order  of  General  Hurlbut.  The 
charges  against  him  were  manifestly  unjust  and  he  was  never  brought  to 
trial.  He  commanded  his  regiment  in  the  Battle  of  Shiloh  where  it  made  a 
heroic  fight.  Colonel  Williams  was  severely  wounded  and  sent  in  his 
resignation  on  the  27th  of  November,  1862,  retiring  from  the  service. 

JAMES  A.  WILLIAMSON  was  born  in  Columbia,  Adair  County,  Ken- 
tucky, on  the  8th  of  February,  1829.  When  he  was  fifteen  the  family 
removed  to  Iowa  where  he  took  a  claim  in  Keokuk  County.  Here  he  sup- 
ported the  family  by  farming  for  several  years.  He  then  sold  the  farm 
and  completed  his  education  at  Knox  College,  Illinois.  He  studied  law 
with  M.  M.  Crocker  at  Lancaster,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and,  in  1855, 
removed  to  Des  Moines.     Mr.  Williamson  was  a  member  of  the  syndicate 


NEW  v.-      -        \ 
'PUELIC  LIuKARV  1 


fistor,  Lenox  and 
Foundalioss, 


JAMES  WILSON 


OF  IOWA  289 


which  built  the  first  Capitol  at  Des  Moines  and  furnished  it  free  of  rent 
to  the  State  for  many  years.  He  was  a  prominent  Democratic  politician 
until  the  Rebellion  began,  when  he  entered  the  military  service  as  adju- 
tant of  the  Fourth  Iowa  Infantry  and  as  the  war  progressed  became  a 
warm  supporter  of  Lincoln's  administration.  Mr.  Williamson  made  a  fine 
officer  and  won  rapid  promotion  to  lieutenant-colonel,  colonel  and  for  a 
long  time  commanded  a  brigade.  He  was  in  Sherman's  march  to  the  sea 
and  participated  in  most  of  the  battles  of  that  army.  Near  the  close  of 
the  war  he  was  promoted  to  Brigadier-General.  He  was  chairman  of  the 
Iowa  delegation  at  the  National  Republican  Convention  at  Chicago  which 
in  1868  nominated  General  Grant  for  President.  In  1877  General  William- 
son was  appointed  commissioner  of  the  General  Land  Office  at  Washington, 
which  office  he  held  until  1881,  when  he  became  land  commissioner  of  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  and  afterwards  president  of  the  company.  He 
died  on  the  7th  of  September,  1902. 

DAVID  S.  WILSON  was  one  of  the  pioneer  lawyers  and  editors  of 
Dubuque.  He  was  born  at  Steubenville,  Ohio,  on  the  19th  of  March,  1825. 
Coming  to  Dubuque  in  1839  he  began  the  study  of  law  with  his  brother. 
Judge  Thomas  S.  Wilson.  For  several  years  he  was  editor  of  the  Miners' 
Express  which  he  conducted  with  ability.  In  1846,  when  barely  twenty- 
one,  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Eighth  Legislative  Assembly.  He 
served  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  Mexican  War  and  was  prosecuting  attorney 
two  terms.  In  1857  he  was  elected  to  the  Senate  of  the  Seventh  General 
Assembly,  serving  four  years.  When  the  Civil  War  began  Mr.  Wilson  be- 
came a  leader  of  the  "  war  Democrats  "  and  made  an  able  speech  against 
secession.  In  1862  he  was  commissioned  colonel  of  the  Sixth  Cavalry  which 
was  sent  against  the  Sioux  Indians  then  engaged  in  the  Minnesota  mas- 
sacre. In  1864  Colonel  Wilson  resigned  his  command  and  returned  to  Du- 
buque, resuming  the  practice  of  law.  In  1872  he  was  appointed  circuit 
judge  and  soon  after  district  judge,  serving  until  1878.  He  died  in  Du- 
buque, April  1,  1881. 

JAMES  WILSON  was  born  at  Ayrshire,  Scotland,  on  the  16th  of 
August,  1835,  and  received  an  academic  education.  He  came  to  America 
in  1851  and  took  up  his  residence  on  a  farm  in  Tama  County,  Iowa.  Mr. 
Wilson  was  elected  on  the  Republican  ticket  in  1867  to  the  House  of  the 
Eleventh  General  Assembly  and  served  by  successive  reelections  until  1873. 
He  was  Speaker  of  the  House  in  1872  and  was  chosen  one  of  the  regents 
of  the  State  University.  He  was  elected  to  Congress  in  the  fall  of  1872, 
from  the  Fifth  District  and  reelected  at  the  expiration  of  his  first  term. 
In  1884  he  was  defeated  for  Congress  by  Mr.  Frederick  the  Democratic 
candidate.  Mr.  Wilson  was  for  many  years  a  writer  on  farm  topics  and 
was  chosen  Professor  of  Agriculture  at  the  State  Agricultural  College  at 
Ames  and  Director  of  the  Experimental  Station.     In  1897,  upon  the  in- 

[Vol.   4] 


290  HISTORY 


auguration  of  President  McKinley,  Mr.  Wilson  was  invited  into  his  Cabi- 
net as  Secretary  of  Agriculture.  He  was  reappointed  to  the  same  position 
upon  the  second  inauguration  of  McKinley.  His  services  in  that  Depart- 
ment have  been  generally  commended  by  the  public  as  of  greater  value  to 
the  country  than  those  of  any  of  his  predecessors. 

JAMES  F.  WILSON  was  born  at  Newark,   Ohio,   October   19,    1828. 
His   education   was   obtained   in   the  common   schools   and  he   learned   the 
trade  of  harness  making  in  his  youth.     He  soon  decided  to  study  law  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1851.     In  1853  he  became  a  resident  of  Iowa, 
and  locating  at  Fairfield  opened  a  law  oflBce.     In  1856  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  convention  which  organized  the  Republican  party.     In  1857  he  was 
a  member  of  the  convention  which  framed  the  present  Constitution  of  the 
State.     Although  one  of  the  youngest  members  he  took  an  active  part  in 
the  work.     In  October  of  that  year  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the 
Seventh   General  Assembly  and  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  ways 
and  means.     In  1860  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Senate  and  after  serv- 
ing through  a  regular  and  extra  session  was   elected  Representative  in 
Congress   to   fill   a   vacancy   in   the   First  District.     He   was   three   times 
reelected,  serving  through  the  war  and  reconstruction  periods  until  March, 
1871.     When  Grant  was  inaugurated  President  in   1869  he  tendered  Mr. 
Wilson  a  place  in  his  cabinet  as  Secretary  of  State  which  was  declined. 
In  the  impeachment  trial  of  President  Johnson,  Mr.  Wilson  was  one  of  the 
managers  on  part  of  the  House.     He  had  originally  opposed  impeachment 
and  as  a  member  of  the  judiciary  committee  had  made  a  minority  report 
in  which  he  gave  an  able  review  of  the  most  important  cases  of  impeach- 
ment in  the  British  Parliament  and  Senate  of  the  United  States.     Fis  re- 
port forms  a  valuable  treatise  on  the  subject.     He  was  the  author  of  the 
joint  resolution  for  amendment  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States 
in  1864,  abolishing  slavery,  and  made  one  of  the  greatest  speeches  of  his 
life   on  that  subject.     In  January,   1882,  Mr.   Wilson  was  elected  to  the 
United  States  Senate  for  six  years  and  was  reelected,  serving  until  March, 
1895.    Mr.  Wilson  died  at  his  home  in  Fairfield  in  April,  1895. 

THOMAS  S.  WILSON  was  born  at  Steubenville,  Ohio,  October  13, 
1813.  He  graduated  at  Jefferson  College,  Pennsylvania,  in  1832,  and  im- 
mediately entered  upon  the  study  of  law.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1834  and  located  in  Dubuque  in  October,  1836.  In  1838  he  was 
appointed  by  President  Van  Buren  one  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  new  Territory  of  Iowa.  He  accepted  the  position  and  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  the  of&ce  before  he  was  twenty-five  years  of  age,  serving 
until  Iowa  became  a  State.  The  first  Legislature  having  failed  to  elect 
Supreme  Judges,  he  was  one  of  the  three  appointed  by  the  Governor  to 
fill  the  vacancy.  He  lacked  but  one  vote  of  being  nominated  for  United 
States  Senator  at  the  time  General  Jones  was  chosen.     In  1852  he  was 


JAMES  F.  WILSON 


OF   IOWA  291 


elected  judge  of  the  District  Court,  holding  the  position  until  1863.  He 
was  employed  as  counsel  in  one  of  the  most  important  suits  ever  tried  in 
Iowa  involving  millions  of  dollars.  The  Chouteau  heirs  claimed  title 
through  the  grant  to  Julien  Dubuque  of  the  vast  tract  of  land  embracing 
the  lead  mines  and  the  city  of  Dubuque.  Reverdy  Johnson,  one  of  the 
greatest  lawyers  of  the  country,  was  employed  by  the  St.  Louis  heirs  to 
prosecute  the  claim.  The  city  of  Dubuque  employed  Judge  Wilson  and 
Piatt  Smith  to  defend  in  the  United  States  Circuit  and  Supreme  Courts. 
They  were  successful  in  both  courts  in  defeating  the  claim.  While  judge 
of  the  Territorial  Court,  Mr.  Wilson  rendered  the  first  decision  liberating 
a  slave  brought  by  his  master  into  Iowa.  He  died  on  the  16th  of  May, 
1894,  after  having  served  as  a  lawyer  and  judge  for  fifty-eight  years.  He 
outlived  nearly   all   of  his  pioneer   associates   of   1836. 

WALTER  C.  WILSON  was  born  at  Arkwright,  CTiautauqua  County, 
New  York,  on  the  28th  of  December,  1824.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1854 
and  with  his  brother,  Sumler,  purchased  the  site  of  Webster  City.  A  small 
tract  of  the  land  had  been  platted  and  given  the  name  of  New  Castle. 
The  Wilsons  changed  the  name  to  Webster  City  and  at  once  proceeded  to 
erect  buildings,  including  a  mill  and  hotel.  They  improved  the  roads, 
bridged  the  Boone  River  and  set  about  securing  a  division  of  the  large 
county  of  Webster,  which  at  that  time  included  the  territory  now  em- 
braced in  Webster  and  Hamilton.  Walter  C.  Wilson  was  elected  to  the 
Legislature  in  1856  and  secured  the  passage  of  a  bill  by  the  Greneral  As- 
sembly, with  the  aid  of  the  citizens  of  Fort  Dodge,  by  which  the  county 
was  divided  and  Hamilton  County  established.  Homer  had  been  the 
county-seat  but  was  now  left  so  near  the  division  line  that  the  county- 
seat  of  Hamilton  was  established  at  Webster  City  and  that  of  Webster 
removed  to  Fort  Dodge.  For  many  years  the  Wilsons  devoted  their  ener- 
gies to  building  up  Webster  City.  In  1878  Walter  undertook  the  building 
of  a  railroad  from  Webster  City  to  Lehigh  on  the  Des  Moines  River  for 
the  purpose  of  developing  coal  mines.  He  secured  the  building  and 
equipment  of  the  road  and  built  up  a  large  coal  trade.  On  the  16th  of 
August,  1900,  he  was  killed  in  an  accident  on  this  road. 

EDWARD  F.  WINSLOW  was  born  in  Kennebec  County,  Maine,  on 
the  28th  of  September,  1837.  He  received  a  good  education  and  in  1856 
removed  to  Iowa,  locating  at  Mount  Pleasant,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
mercantile  business.  When  the  Rebellion  began  he  recruited  a  company 
for  the  Fourth  Iowa  Cavalry  which  was  incorporated  into  the  regiment 
as  Company  F  and  Mr.  Winslow  was  commissioned  captain.  In  January, 
1863,  he  was  promoted  to  major  and  in  July  following  was  commissioned 
colonel.  Soon  after  he  was  placed  in  command  of  a  brigade  where  he  icn- 
dered  good  service  in  the  armies  of  Generals  Sherman,  Grant,  Sturgis  and 
Wilson.     In   1864  he  was  brevetted  Brigadier-General. 


292  HISTORY 


THOMAS  F.  WITHROW  was  born  in  Kanawha  County,  West  Vir- 
ginia, on  the  6th  of  March,  1833.  His  father  was  a  strong  opponent  of 
slavery  and  removed  to  the  free  State  of  Ohio  when  his  son  was  a  boy. 
Thomas  received  a  good  education  and  at  the  age  of  twenty-one  became 
the  editor  of  the  Mt.  Vernon  Republican.  In  1855  he  removed  to  Janes- 
ville,  Wisconsin,  where  he  was  one  of  the  editors  of  the  Free  Press.  He 
began  the  study  of  law  and  the  year  following  removed  to  Fort  Madison, 
Iowa,  and  entered  the  law  office  of  Miller  &  Beck  and  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  1857.  Governor  Lowe  selected  him  for  his  private  secretary  in 
1858  when  he  entered  upon  the  duties  of  the  executive  office  and  at  the 
close  of  his  term,  when  the  Governor  became  one  of  the  Supreme  Judges, 
Mr.  Withrow  was  appointed  Reporter  of  the  Supreme  Court,  a  position 
which  he  held  seven  years.  During  that  time  he  compiled  and  published 
thirteen  volumes  of  reports.  When  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  the  firm  of  Withrow,  Gatch  &  Wright  was  formed  which  con- 
tinued until  1872.  In  1866,  Mr.  Withrow  was  chosen  chairman  of  the  Repub- 
lican State  Committee  and  for  several  years  was  one  of  the  influential  man- 
agers of  the  party.  In  1873  he  was  appointed  general  solicitor  of  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad  Company  and  removed  to  Chicago  which 
became  his  jjermanent  home.  For  twenty  years  he  held  the  important 
position  which  took  him  from  Iowa,  becoming  one  of  the  great  lavsyers 
of  the  west.  He  died  suddenly  in  the  zenith  of  his  intellectual  powers, 
on  the  3d  of  February,   1893. 

ANNIE  TURNER  WITTENMYER,  an  Iowa  woman  who  won  the 
enduring  gratitude  of  hundreds  of  soldiers  during  the  Civil  War,  was 
born  at  Sandy  Springs,  Adams  County,  Ohio,  on  the  26th  of  August,  1827. 
She  developed  remarkable  gifts  for  writing,  before  she  was  thirteen  years 
of  age.  Her  poetry  at  that  time  attracted  attention  and  she  became  a 
regular  contributor  some  years  later  to  various  publications.  She  was 
married  in  1847,  and  three  years  later  came  with  her  husband  to  Iowa, 
locating  in  Keokuk.  There  were  no  public  schools  in  the  village  at  that 
time  and  Mrs.  Wittenmyer  opened  a  free  school  for  children  of  the  poor. 
With  the  help  of  other  women  this  school  was  maintained  for  many  years, 
accomplishing  great  good.  When  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  began,  she 
was  one  of  the  first  to  assist  in  organizing  Soldiers'  Aid  Societies  which 
did  so  much  in  relieving  the  wants  of  soldiers  in  the  field  and  hospitals. 
She  visited  the  army  in  the  field  early  in  1861  and  began  to  collect  and 
distribute  supplies  for  camps  and  hospitals.  She  wrote  letters  from  the 
army  to  the  newspapers  telling  the  needs  of  the  soldiers  and  soon  had 
her  entire  time  occupied  in  receiving  and  distributing  the  contributions 
of  the  generous  people  of  the  State.  A  record  of  her  work  during  the  war 
would  fill  a  volume.  She  was  appointed  one  of  the  State  Sanitary  Agents 
for  Iowa  and  during  her  administration,  collected  and  distributed  more 
than  $160,000  worth  of   sanitary  supplies.     She  was  active   in   securing 


OF   IOWA  293 


furloughs  for  sick  soldiers  in  hospitals,  thus  saving  many  lives.  When 
she  found  armies  camped  in  unhealthy  localities  she  managed  in  numerous 
cases  to  exert  influence  to  get  the  camp  removed  to  a  healthier  location. 
She  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home  established 
in  Iowa  at  Davenport  for  the  care  and  education  of  dependent  children. 
She  projected  the  Special  Diet  Kitchens  which  were  established  at  hospi- 
tals, where  such  special  food  was  prepared  for  the  sick  as  was  recom- 
mended by  the  surgeons  in  charge.  This  was  the  beginning  of  a  great 
and  much  needed  reform  in  providing  suitable  food  for  sick  and  wounded 
soldiers,  in  the  hospitals.  The  entire  supervision  of  these  kitchens  was 
placed  under  the  control  of  Mrs.  VVittenmyer.  The  reform  was  warmly 
indorsed  by  General  Grant  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  hundreds,  perhaps 
thousands  of  lives  of  suffering  soldiers  were  saved  by  this  salutary  change 
in  food.  When  this  reform  was  fully  organized,  more  than  a  million  of 
rations  were  issued  through  it  each  month.  In  1892  Mrs.  Wittenmyer 
spent  a  large  portion  of  the  winter  in  Washington  working  with  Congress 
to  secure  pensions  for  army  nurses.  For  more  than  twenty  years  these 
worthy  workers  for  the  relief  of  suffering  soldiers  had  applied  in  vain  for 
any  recognition  by  the  Government  for  their  invaluable  services.  But  Mrs. 
Wittenmyer  knew  so  much  of  their  unselfish  devotion  in  war  times  and 
told  it  so  earnestly  that  a  pension  of  twelve  dollars  a  month  was  gi'anted 
the  nurses.  Mrs.  Wittenmyer  was  largely  instrumental  in  securing  the 
purchase  and  preservation  of  the  grounds  embraced  in  the  Andersonville 
prison  pen.  Eighty-five  acres  have  been  secured  under  the  control  of  the 
Woman's  Relief  Corps,  including  the  "  Providential  Spring,"  and  the 
grounds  enclosed  in  the  deadly  stockade.  After  a  long  life  almost  entirely 
devoted  to  good  works  of  a  public  nature,  this  noble  woman  died  at  her 
home  on  the  2d  of  February,  1900. 

WILLIAM  P.  WOLFE  was  born  at  Harrisburg,  Stark  County,  Ohio, 
on  the  31st  of  December,  1833.  He  received  a  liberal  education  and  taught 
school  several  years  in  Ohio.  In  1856  he  came  to  Iowa,  locating  in  Cedar 
County,  where  he  again  engaged  in  teaching.  He  studied  law  with  Hon. 
Eush  Clark  of  Iowa  City  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  was  one  of 
the  friends  of  John  Brown  when  that  noted  emancipator  was  helping  slaves 
to  freedom  and  making  his  headquarters  at  Springdale.  Mr.  Wolfe  re- 
moved to  Tipton  and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law.  He  served  as 
county  superintendent  of  schools.  In  1863  he  was  elected  on  the  Republi- 
can ticket  Representative  in  the  Tenth  General  Assembly.  In  May,  1864, 
he  was  appointed  captain  of  Company  I,  of  the  Forty-sixth  Iowa  Infantry, 
At  the  close  of  the  war  he  was  for  a  time  editor  of  the  Tipton  Advertiser. 
In  1867  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  in  the  Twelfth  and 
Thirteenth  General  Assemblies.  In  1870  he  was  elected  Representative  in 
Congress  to  fill  a  vacancy.  In  1881  he  was  again  elected  Representative  in 
the  Legislature   and   reelected   in    1883.      He   was   chosen    Speaker   of   the 


294  HISTORY 


House  of  the  Twentieth  General  Assembly.  In  the  fall  of  1894  he  was 
chosen  judge  of  the  Eighteenth  District  which  position  he  held  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  September  19th,  1896. 

MARCUS   C.   WOODRUFF  was  born  at  Aurora,   Erie   County,   New 
York,  on  the  21st  of  March,  1831,  and  received  his  education  in  the  com- 
mon schools  and  at  Aurora  Academy.     In  August,  1855,  he  became  a  resi- 
dent of  Iowa,  first  locating  at  Iowa  Falls  where  he  engaged  in  real  estate 
business.     In  1863  he  became  the  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Iowa  Falls 
Sentinel  which   he  conducted  until   1870,  when  he  removed  to  Waterloo 
as  editor  and  joint  owner  of  the  Waterloo  Courier  until  1873.     As  a  jour- 
nalist, Mr.  Woodruff  attained  high  rank,  being  one  of  the  clearest  thinkers 
as  well  as  one  of  the  ablest  and  most  vigorous  writers  on  the  Iowa  press. 
In  1874  he  purchased  a  half  interest  in  the  Dubuque  Daily  Times  which 
gave  him  an  enlarged  field  for  the  exercise  of  his  journalistic  ability  where 
for  nine  years  he  made  that  paper  a  great  power  in  northeastern  Iowa. 
During  his  residence  in  Hardin  County,  Mr.  Woodruff  held  many  official 
positions;   among  which   were  deputy  county  treasurer,   commissioner  to 
take  the  vote  of  the  Twelfth  Iowa  Infantry  in  front  of  Vicksburg  in  1863; 
chief  clerk  of  the  House  of  the  Twelfth  General  Assembly  in  1868.     Upon 
the  creation  of  the  State  Railroad  Commission  in  1878,  Mr.  Woodruff  was 
appointed  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  resignation  of  Ex-Governor 
Carpenter,  and  served  three  years.   He  was  one  of  the  earliest  promoters  of 
the   Dubuque   &  Northwestern   Railway   in    1884,    which   has   become   the 
Chicago  Great  Western,  and  has   served  as  secretary   and  general   claim 
agent  of  the  different  organizations.     For  ten  years  he  has  been  Land  and 
Tax  Commissioner  of  the  Great  Western.     In  politics  Mr.  Woodruff  has 
been  a  Republican  since  the  organization  of  the  party  and  is  a  firm  be- 
liever in  modifications  of  the  high  protective  tariff  system. 

JOSEPH  J.  WOODS  was  born  in  Brown  County,  Ohio,  on  the  11th  of 
January,  1823.  He  took  a  preparatory  course  at  Augusta  College,  Ken- 
tucky, and  entered  the  Military  Academy  at  West  Point  in  1843.  He 
graduated  third  in  his  class  and  received  a  commission  as  second  lieuten- 
ant. The  Mexican  War  was  then  in  progress  and  he  was  sent  with  the 
First  United  States  Artillery  to  Vera  Cruz  where  he  served  until  August, 
1848,  when  he  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant  and  sent  with  his  regi- 
ment to  Oregon,  where  he  remained  until  1853.  He  then  resigned  and  be- 
came a  resident  of  Jackson  County,  Iowa,  making  his  home  on  a  farm. 
In  October,  1861,  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Twelfth  Iowa  Infantry, 
just  organized.  His  regiment  served  with  distinction  at  Fort  Donelson  and 
Shiloh,  being  captured  at  the  latter  place.  Eighty  members  of  the  regi- 
ment died  in  southern  prisons.  Colonel  Woods  was  recaptured  by  the 
Union  army  on  the  second  day's  battle.  He  served  with  his  regiment  but 
often  in  command  of  a  brigade,  for  three  years,  until  the  term  of  enlist- 


JOHN    S.    WOOLSON 


OF   IOWA  295 


ment  expired.  After  the  war  he  was  twice  appointed  by  President  Grant 
visitor  to  West  Point  Military  Academy.  He  removed  to  Kansas  in  1869, 
locating  on  a  farm  near  Oswego,  where  he  died  September  17,  1889. 

WILLIAM  G.  WOODWARD  was  born  at  Hanover,  New  Hampshire, 
May  20,  1808.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Dartmouth  College  and  chose  law 
as  a  profession.  In  the  fall  of  1839  he  emigrated  to  the  new  Territory  of 
Iowa,  locating  at  Bloomington  where  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  law. 
He  attained  high  rank  in  the  profession  and  in  1848  was  one  of  three 
commissioners  chosen  by  the  Second  General  Assembly  to  prepare  a  com- 
plete code  of  laws  for  the  new  State.  His  associates  were  Charles  Mason 
and  Stephen  Hempstead.  Their  work  when  completed  was  approved  by 
the  Third  General  Assembly  and  Mr.  Woodward  was  selected  to  prepare 
marginal  notes,  arrange  it  in  divisions,  index  and  superintend  its  publica- 
tion. When  published  it  was  known  as  the  "  Code  of  1851."  In  January, 
1855,  Mr.  Woodward  was  elected  by  the  General  Assembly  one  of  the 
judges  of  the  Supreme  Court.  He  served  six  years  and  in  1861  was  elected 
to  the  State  Senate  from  Muscatine  County.  In  1863  he  was  appointed 
Clerk  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court.  He  died  on  the  24th  of  Febru- 
ary, 1871. 

JOHN  S.  WOOLSON  was  born  on  the  6th  of  December,  1840,  at 
Tonawanda,  Erie  County,  New  York.  He  was  the  son  of  T.  W.  Woolson 
who  became  a  distinguished  member  of  the  Iowa  State  Senate  in  the 
Eleventh  and  Twelfth  General  Assemblies.  The  son  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools,  at  Wilson  Collegiate  Institute,  New  York,  and 
at  Mount  Pleasant  Wesleyan  College  in  Iowa,  receiving  the  degree  of  LL. 
D.  In  March,  1862,  he  received  the  appointment  of  assistant  paymaster 
law  at  Mount  Pleasant,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  at  once  began  prac- 
in  the  navy,  serving  in  that  capacity  to  the  close  of  the  war.  He  studied 
tice.  In  1875  he  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  on  the  Republican  ticket 
and  served  in  that  body  by  reelections  for  twelve  years,  retiring  in  1891 
when  he  was  appointed  by  President  Harrison  Judge  of  the  United  States 
District  Court  for  southern  Iowa.  He  held  this  position  to  the  time  of  his 
death  which  occurred  on  the  4th  of  December,  1899,  at  his  home  in  Des 
Moines.  He  was  a  lifelong  Republican  and  a  citizen  and  public  official  of 
the  highest  character. 

ED.  WRIGHT  was  born  at  Salem,  Ohio,  June  27,  1827.  Hia  educa- 
tion was  acquired  in  the  public  schools  and  academies  and  he  became  a 
teacher  and  a  carpenter.  In  1852  he  removed  to  Iowa,  locating  in  Cedar 
County.  In  1856  he  was  elected  to  the  House  of  the  Sixth  General  As- 
sembly, was  reelected  in  1857  and  again  in  1859,  serving  six  years.  In 
1862  he  was  appointed  major  of  the  Twenty-fourth  Iowa  Infantry  and 
served  through   the  war.     He  was   a   brave,  vigilant  and  popular   officer 


296  HISTORY 


and  was  brevetted  Brigadier-General.  In  1865  he  was  again  elected  to 
the  Legislature  and  chosen  Speaker  of  the  House.  In  1866  he  was  elected 
Secretary  of  State  and  twice  reelected,  serving  six  years.  In  1873  he 
was  chosen  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Capitol  Commissioners  and  assistant 
superintendent  of  the  construction  of  the  State  House.  He  held  these 
positions  until  the  work  was  completed  in  1884  when  he  was  appointed 
custodian  of  the  new  edifice.  He  held  this  office  until  1890  when  he  was 
placed  in  charge  of  the  Capitol  grounds.  At  the  World's  Columbian  Ex- 
position General  Wright  conducted  a  directory  for  furnishing  information 
to  visitors  from  Iowa.  In  1895  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the  board 
of  public  works  for  the  city  of  Des  Moines  which  position  he  held  at  the 
time  of  his  death.  Iowa  never  had  a  more  useful  and  conscientious  public 
officer  than  General  Ed.  Wright.  When  his  death  occurred  on  the  5th  of 
December,  1895,  his  body  lay  in  state  at  the  Capitol  where  thousands  of 
citizens  paid  their  respects  to  the  man  who  served  the  State  so  well  for 
nearly  half  a  century. 

GEORGE  F.  WRIGHT  was  born  in  Warren,  Vermont,  December  5, 
1833.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  and  when  eighteen  years  of  age  at- 
tended West  Randolph  Academy.  He  came  to  Iowa  in  1855,  locating  at 
Keosauqua  where  he  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Judge  George 
G.  Weight,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1857.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
Civil  War  he  helped  to  raise  a  military  company  of  which  he  was  chosen  first 
lieutenant.  Later  at  the  request  of  Governor  Kirkwood  Lieutenant  Wright 
organized  a  company  of  State  militia  of  which  he  was  commissioned  cap- 
tain. In  1868  Mr.  Wright  removed  to  Council  Bluffs  where  he  became  a 
law  partner  with  Judge  Caleb  Baldwin;  the  firm  ranked  high  and  became 
attorneys  for  several  railroads.  In  1875  Mr.  Wright  was  elected  to  the 
State  Senate  from  the  district  consisting  of  the  counties  of  Mills  and 
Pottawattamie,  serving  in  the  Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  General  As- 
semblies. In  1879  Mr.  Wright  was  appointed  by  Judge  Dillon  United  States 
Commissioner,  and  later  held  the  same  position  under  Judge  Woolson  for 
the  Southern  District  of  Iowa.  In  1896  he  was  chosen  vice-president  for 
Iowa  of  the  Trans-Mississippi  Exposition  at  Omaha.  Mr.  Wright  was 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  company  which  built  the  bridge  across  tlie 
Missouri  River  between  Council  Bluffs  and  Omaha. 

GEORGE  G.  WRIGHT  was  born  in  Bloomington,  Indiana,  March  24, 
1820.  He  graduated  at  the  State  University  and  studied  law  with  his 
older  brother,  Joseph  A.,  who  became  a  distinguished  statesman.  In  1840 
George  G.  came  to  Iowa  Territory,  locating  at  Keosauqua  where  he  began 
to  practice  his  profession.  In  1846  he  was  chosen  Prosecuting  Attorney 
and  in  1848  was  elected  to  the  State  Senate  for  a  term  of  four  years.  He 
was  nominated  for  Representative  in  Congress  for  the  First  District  by 
the  Whigs  in   1850  but  was  defeated  by  a  small  majority.     In   1855  he 


OF    IOWA  297 


became  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  and  remained  on  the  bench 
for  fifteen  years.  In  1870  he  was  chosen  United  States  Senator,  serving 
six  years.  Mr.  Wright  removed  to  Des  Moines  in  1865  and  was  for  many 
years  president  of  the  State  Agricultural  Society.  In  company  with  Judge 
Cole  he  established  the  Iowa  Law  School  which  after  some  years  was  re- 
moved to  Iowa  City  and  became  the  Law  Department  of  the  State  Univer- 
sity. Judge  Wright  continued  to  be  one  of  the  lecturers  before  the  Law 
Department  of  the  University  as  long  as  he  lived.  After  retiring  from 
law  practice  and  public  life,  Judge  Wright  was  for  many  years  one  of  the 
directors  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad  Company.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  and  president  of  the  Security  Loan  and  Trust 
Company  and  of  the  Polk  County  Savings  Bank.  In  1892  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association,  a  position  he  held  at 
the  time  of  his  death,  January  11,  1896.  It  was  as  a  judge  of  the 
Supreme  Court  that  he  won  enduring  fame.  His  term  of  service  embraced 
a  period  of  important  changes  in  fundamental  judicial  systems  of  the 
State  and  his  opinions  extend  through  thirty  volumes  of  the  State  reports. 
Judge  John  F.  Dillon,  who  was  long  associated  with  him  on  the  bench 
wrote  as  follows  of  his  ability  and  services: 

"  Of  his  learning  as  a  lawyer  and  merits  as  a  judge,  no  difference  of 
opinion,  so  far  as  I  know,  ever  existed  among  the  bar  and  the  people  of 
Iowa.  The  verdict  of  the  bar  on  this  subject  is  that,  take  him  all  in  all, 
he  had  no  equal  among  the  State's  Chief  Justices  or  Judges  in  her  judicial 
history.  Some  may  have  had  in  special  and  exceptional  lines  superior 
gifts,  or  superior  learning,  but  take  him  all  in  all  he  easily  stands  con- 
spicuous and  foremost.  He  was  a  living  digest  of  the  legislation  and  de- 
cisions of  the  State.  He  carried  in  his  memory  every  important  case  that 
had  ever  been  decided,  and  thus  kept  the  lines  of  judicial  decisions  con- 
sistent. As  a  presiding  officer  he  was  without  an  equal.  He  had  remark- 
able executive  ability.  He  presided  with  dignity,  maintained  the  utmost 
decorum  in  his  court,  and  yet  no  member  of  the  bar,  I  believe,  ever  felt  that 
he  was  oppressive  or  that  he  in  any  way  encroached  upon  their  legitimate 
rights  or  privileges.  He  had  almost  in  perfection  what  I  may  call  the 
judicial  temperament.  He  showed  absolute  impartiality,  had  great  patience 
of  research  and  above  all  a  level  headed  judgment  and  strong,  sure  footed 
common  sense. 

Combining  these  merits  and  qualities  with  ample  learning  in  his  pro- 
fession, it  is  no  marvel  that  the  bar  of  Iowa  hold  him  and  his  memory  in 
such  deserved  honor." 

JOSEPH  A.  O.  YEOMAN  was  born  at  Washington  Court  House,  Ohio, 
in  1842.  He  received  a  good  education  and  studied  law.  When  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion  began  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  First  Ohio  Cavalry. 
He  was  a  most  daring  soldier  and  was  soon  promoted  to  the  rank  of 
captain.  His  war  record  was  a  brilliant  one.  He  was  a  dashing  officer, 
shrewd  in  plans  and  prompt  in  action;  a  typical  cavalryman  in  a  war 
where  that  branch  of  the  service  was  a  most  important  factor.  He  was 
selected  to  command  a  picked  body  of  cavalry  in  the  pursuit  of  the  Con- 


298  HISTORY 


federate  President  and  by  skill  and  promptness  was  largely  instrumental 
in  his  capture.  He  received  a  reward  of  $3,000  from  the  Government  for 
his  brilliant  leadership  in  that  affair  and  was  highly  complimented  by 
his  superior  officer.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  graduated  from  the  Al- 
bany, New  York,  Law  School,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1867  and  be- 
came a  resident  of  Fort  Dodge  where  he  began  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession. He  soon  attained  high  rank  as  a  lawyer  and  became  one  of  the 
most  eminent  advocates  in  northwestern  Iowa.  In  war  times  and  during 
the  early  years  of  reconstruction,  Captain  Yeoman  was  an  active  Republi- 
can. He  was  one  of  the  best  campaign  speakers  in  the  State.  But  in 
1874,  he  left  the  party  as  he  could  not  agree  with  its  protective  tariflF 
policy.  He  united  with  the  Democrats  and  in  1879  was  their  candidate  for 
Lieutenant-Governor.  In  1888  he  was  nominated  for  Congress  in  the 
Tenth  District  and  carried  on  a  joint  discussion  with  his  opponent  Hon. 
J.  P.  Dolliver,  which  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  debates  in  the  political 
history  of  Iowa.  He  died  on  the  17th  of  November,  1900,  while  on  a  visit 
to  his  old  home  in  Ohio. 

STEPHEN  P.  YEOMAN  was  born  in  Herkimer  County  New  York, 
January  23,  1822.  His  early  life  was  passed  on  the  farm  and  his  elemen- 
tary education  acquired  in  the  public  schools.  When  fifteen  years  of  age 
he  accompanied  his  parents  to  the  Territory  of  Iowa,  locating  in  Henry 
County  in  1837.  At  the  age  of  twenty  he  began  the  study  of  medicine, 
graduating  from  Rush  Medical  College  in  1854,  and  at  once  entered  upon 
practice  in  Henry  County.  In  1855  he  was  elected  on  the  Democratic 
ticket  to  represent  the  district  consisting  of  Clarke,  Lucas,  Wayne  and  De- 
catur counties  in  the  House  of  the  Fifth  General  Assembly,  serving  at 
the  regular  and  extra  sessions.  In  1858  he  was  appointed  by  President 
Buchanan  Register  of  the  United  States  Land  Office  at  Sioux  City,  where 
he  served  six  years.  In  1863  he  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  in  the 
Seventh  Iowa  Cavalry,  serving  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Upon  retiring 
from  the  army  Dr.  Yeoman  made  his  home  at  Clinton  where  he  practiced 
medicine,  being  for  five  years  pension  examiner.  In  1871  he  entered  the 
Hahnemann  Medical  College  of  Chicago  and  equipped  with  a  knowledge 
of  both  schools  of  medicine  he  removed  to  Charles  City.  Dr.  Yeoman  has 
been  an  active  member  of  the  Pioneer  Lawmakers'  Association,  having 
prepared  and  read  before  that  body  valuable  papers  on  early  Iowa  his- 
tory. 

GEORGE  HENRY  YEWELL  was  born  at  Havre  de  Grace,  Maryland, 
January  20,  1830.  His  early  school  days  were  spent  in  Cincinnati.  One 
of  his  teachers  there  in  the  public  school  was  the  late  Hon.  Theodore  S. 
Parvin  of  Iowa.  His  mother,  with  some  relatives,  went  to  Iowa  City  in 
1841  when  the  old  Capitol  building  was  being  erected.  From  early  youth 
he  gave  indications  of  talent  in  picture  making,  his  first  rude  attempts 


GEORGE  H.    TEWELL.    N.    A. 


OF   IOWA  299 


being  in  caricature.  A  humorous  sketch  called  the  "  Removal  of  the  Capi- 
tol "  from  Iowa  City,  brought  him  before  the  public  and  the  members  of 
the  Legislature  then  in  session  at  Iowa  City.  This  caricature  attracted  the 
attention  of  Judge  Charles  Mason,  who  sought  him  out  and  aided  him  with 
money,  by  which  he  was  able  to  begin  a  course  of  art  study  in  New  York 
in  1851,  entering  the  schools  of  the  National  Academy  of  Design. 

In  1856  he  went  to  Paris  and  became  a  pupil  of  Thomas  Couture,  one 
of  the  great  painters  of  France.  The  panic  of  1857  obliged  him  to  support 
himself  by  making  copies  of  popular  pictures  in  the  galleries  of  Paris.  In 
1860  he  went  to  Holland  and  Belgium  to  study  the  masterpieces  of  the 
Dutch  and  Flemish  painters,  and  returned  to  New  York  in  1861.  His 
most  important  picture  painted  in  France  was  "  Children  on  the  Seashore, 
Normandy,"  commissioned  by  the  late  John  Allen,  Esq.,  of  Saybrook,  Conn. 
In  New  York  in  1866  he  painted  a  portrait  of  his  early  patron,  Charles 
Mason,  an  engraving  from  which  appears  in  this  volume. 

In  1867  he  went  to  Italy,  taking  a  studio  in  Rome,  where  he  lived  until 
1878,  spending  the  summer  months  either  at  Perugia,  Venice  or  the  Vene- 
tian Tyrol.  Of  Italian  subjects  his  principal  pictures  were  "  Entrance  to 
the  Grand  Canal,  Venice,"  owned  by  Senator  Allison  of  Iowa ;  "  Senate 
Chamber  in  the  Doge's  Palace,  Venice,"  painted  for  the  late  George  Kemp, 
Esq.,  of  New  York,  and  "Interior  of  St.  Mark's  Church,  Venice,"  in  the 
Wadsworth  Atheneum,  Hartford,  Connecticut. 

Since  1878,  Mr.  Yewell  has  lived  in  New  York,  spending  his  summers 
at  Lake  George.  Nearly  all  of  these  years  have  been  given  to  portrait 
painting.  Many  of  his  most  important  portraits  are  in  the  Capitol  at 
Des  Moines,  where  may  be  seen  those  of  Ex-Governors  Kirkwood,  Lowe 
and  Chambers,  General  Grenville  M.  Dodge  and  Judges  Mason,  Wright  and 
Dillon. 

In  1880  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  National  Academy  of  De- 
sign. He  is  a  Patron  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art,  a  member  of 
the  Century  Club,  and  for  many  years  has  been  secretary  of  the  Artists' 
Fund  Society  of  the  City  of  New  York. 

LAFAYETTE  YOUNG  was  born  in  Monroe  County,  Iowa,  on  the  10th 
of  May,  1848.  His  early  education  was  acquired  in  the  public  schools 
and  in  printing  offices  at  Albia  and  Des  Moines,  where  he  soon  mastered 
the  printing  and  general  newspaper  business.  His  first  business  enter- 
prise was  the  establishing  of  a  weekly  newspaper  at  Atlantic  which  he 
named  the  Telegraph.  He  was  an  active  Republican  and  in  the  summer 
of  1873,  received  the  nomination  of  that  party  for  State  Senator  for  the 
district  composed  cf  the  counties  of  Adair,  Cass,  Adams  and  Union  and 
was  elected.  In  1877  he  was  reelected  from  the  district  consisting  of 
Madison,  Cass  and  Adair  counties.  In  1885  he  was  again  elected  to  the 
Senate  from  the  Eighteenth  District  composed  of  the  counties  of  Adair, 
Adams  and  Cass  for  the  term  of   four  years,  serving  in  that  body  for 


300  HISTORY 


twelve  years.  In  1890  he  removed  to  Des  Moines  and  purchased  the 
newspaper  establishment  of  the  Iowa  Capital,  which  under  his  manage- 
ment has  become  one  of  the  most  enterprising  daily  papers  in  the  State. 
In  1893  Mr.  Young  was  one  of  the  prominent  candidates  before  the  Repub- 
lican State  Convention  for  Governor.  In  1894  Mr.  Young  was  chosen 
State  Binder,  holding  the  position  by  reelection  until  December  31,  1900. 
When  war  with  Spain  was  declared  he  went  with  the  American  army  to 
the  seat  of  conflict  near  Santiago  as  war  correspondent  and  furnished 
graphic  reports  of  the  campaign  which  resulted  in  the  surrender  of  the 
Spanish  army.  He  is  an  able  public  speaker  as  well  as  a  fluent  writer, 
and  a  successful  journalist. 

CHARLES  BEARDSLEY  was  born  near  Mount  Vernon,  Knox 
County,  Ohio,  on  the  18th  of  February,  1830.  He  prepared  for  college  at 
Granville  Academy  and  Wesleyan  University,  Delaware,  entering  the  Ohio 
Medical  College  at  Cincinnati  and  was  graduated  from  that  institution. 
In  1855  he  came  to  Iowa  and  began  the  practice  of  medicine  at  Musca- 
tine, but  soon  removed  to  Oskaloosa,  where  in  1861  he  became  editor  of 
the  Weekly  Herald.  He  was  an  accomplished  writer  and  his  paper  attained 
wide  influence  in  that  section  of  the  State.  He  was  appointed  postmaster 
of  Oskaloosa,  by  President  Lincoln.  In  1865  he  removed  to  Burlington 
becoming  one  of  the  owners  and  the  chief  editor  of  the  Haiokeye.  In  1869 
he  was  elected  by  the  Republicans  to  the  State  Senate,  serving  four  years 
with  marked  ability.  He  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  taxation  of  cor- 
porate property  on  the  same  basis  as  other  property  and  the  taxation  of 
the  railroad  bridges  across  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  rivers.  He  fa- 
vored the  employment  of  women  in  the  public  service  and  the  extension  to 
them  of  the  right  of  suffrage.  In  1874  he  was  appointed  Librarian  of  the 
War  Department  at  Washington,  with  charge  of  the  records  of  the  Re- 
bellion. In  1879  he  was  appointed  by  President  Hayes  Fourth  Auditor 
of  the  Treasury,  which  position  he  held  until  1885.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  council  called  by  Plymouth  Congregational  church  at  Brooklyn,  New 
York,  which  tried  the  charges  preferred  against  Rev.  Henry  Ward  Beecher 
in  1876.  He  was  a  life-long  and  prominent  member  of  the  Congregational 
church  and  moderator  of  its  fifty-second  annual  meeting  at  Sioux  City 
in  1891.  At  the  celebration  of  the  Semi-Centennial  Anniversary  of  the 
admission  of  Iowa  as  a  State  held  at  Burlington  in  1896,  Dr.  Beardsley 
was  one  of  the  chief  managers.  His  great  ardor  in  the  work  assigned  to 
him  led  to  overexertion  bringing  on  nervous  prostration  from  which  he 
never  rallied.     He  died  at  his  home  December  29,  1896. 

JOHN  DOWNS  ELBERT  was  born  in  Fleming  County,  Kentucky,  May 
16,  1806,  and  was  a  son  of  Dr.  John  Downs  and  Elizabeth  Fieklin  Elbert. 
In  1812  his  father  removed  with  his  family  to  Logan  County,  Ohio.  There 
young  Elbert  spent  his  childhood  and  youth.     His  educational  advantages 


c-^,    A^^n'/aj-^:-    ■ 


■/^^^ 


/l^i>c^^  ^^c 


i 


OF  IOWA  301 


were  very  limited,  but  he  mastered  the  few  books  at  his  command  and 
acquired  a  good  general  education.  He  studied  medicine,  and  in  1829  re- 
ceived a  license  to  practice  from  Dr.  Drake  of  Cincinnati.  In  1840,  Dr. 
Elbert  removed  to  Van  Buren  County,  Iowa,  where  he  lived  until  his  death, 
in  1866,  at  the  age  of  sixty  years.  As  a  surgeon  he  acquired  an  extensive 
practice  in  Southern  Iowa  and  Northern  Missouri,  and  his  reputation  was 
such  that  he  was  given  honorary  degrees  by  the  Universities  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Missouri.  Being  a  man  of  unusual  energy  and  force  he  took  a 
prominent  part  in  the  development  of  the  country  and  was  a  leader  in  pro- 
moting and  forwarding  public  enterprises.  He  took  great  interest  in 
politics  and  was  a  member  and  president  of  the  Territorial  Council  of 
Iowa  in  1842-4.  Few  men  during  his  residence  in  Van  Buren  County  were 
better  or  more  favorably  known.  He  married  Achsa  Hitt,  a  daughter  of 
Rev.  Samuel  Hitt,  a  Methodist  minister,  in  1829.  Several  of  their  sons  be- 
came prominent  men,  one  of  them,  Samuel  Hitt  Elbert,  being  at  one  time 
Governor  of  Colorado,  and  for  many  years  a  judge  of  the  Colorado  Supreme 
Court. 

EDWIN  MANNING,  one  of  the  pioneer  settlers  in  Iowa,  was  born 
February  8,  1810,  at  South  Coventry,  Connecticut.  He  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools,  and  at  the  age  of  sixteen  became  clerk  in  a  store.  In 
1836  he  emigrated  to  the  "Black  Hawk  Purchase,"  first  stopping  at  Fort 
Madison.  In  1837,  with  two  companions,  he  went  up  the  Des  Moines  River 
to  Horse  Shoe  Bend,  where  a  claim  was  made  and  a  town  platted,  which  be- 
came Keosauqua.  In  1839  Mr.  Manning  opened  a  store  in  a  log  cabin  he 
had  erected  in  his  new  town.  In  1842  he  built  the  first  brick  court  house 
in  the  Territory,  which  was  still  standing  in  1900.  He  ran  the  first  loaded 
steamboat  from  St.  Louis  to  Des  Moines  in  1843.  The  next  year  he  built 
the  first  flat  boat  that  floated  down  the  Des  Moines  River.  In  1856  he 
was  appointed  by  the  Governor  Commissioner  of  the  Des  Moines  River 
Improvement,  serving  two  years.  He  was  an  enterprising  business  man, 
and  for  half  a  century  was  closely  identified  with  many  of  the  most  impor- 
tant interests  of  that  part  of  the  State,  accumulating  a  large  fortune. 

ROBERT  SLOAN  is  a  native  of  Ohio,  where  he  was  born  October  21, 
1835.  At  eighteen  years  of  age  he  came  to  Iowa  with  his  parents,  having 
been  reared  on  a  farm.  His  educational  advantages  were  meager,  being 
confined  to  the  district  schools  and  one  year  in  the  New  Lisbon  High 
School.  After  coming  to  Iowa  he  taught  school  until  1860  when  he  entered 
the  law  ofi&ce  of  Judge  George  G.  Wright  at  Keosauqua.  So  rapidly  did  he 
advance  in  his  studies  that  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  the  following 
year.  Mr.  Sloan  %\as  in  1868  chosen  Judge  of  the  Circuit  Court  of  the 
Second  Judicial  District,  serving  twelve  years.  In  1894  he  was  elected 
Judge  of  the  District  Court,  and  has  been  repeatedly  reelected,  still  holding 
that  position. 


302  HISTORY  OF  IOWA 


JOHN  SELBY  TOWNSEND  was  born  in  Morgansfield,  Kentucky,  August 
21,  1824,  being  a  son  of  James  and  Catharine  Davis  Townsend.   In  1830  his 
parents  removed  to  Putnam  County,  Indiana,  where  he  spent  his  boyhood 
and  youth.     His  brother  was  clerk  of  the  courts,  and  in  assisting  him 
young  Townsend  acquired  his  love  for  his  chosen  profession— fhe  law.     He 
came  to  Iowa  in  1850,  locating  first  in  Lucas  County,  but  in  the  spring  of 
1851,  moving  to  Albia,  where  he  resided  for  over  forty  years,  taking  an 
active  part  in  the  public  affairs  of  his  county  and  State.    In  August,  1851, 
he  was  elected  prosecuting  attorney  for  Monroe  County.     In  August,  1852, 
he  was  elected  to  the  Fourth  General  Assembly  and  his  services  as  legislator 
were  very  creditable.     In  1853  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the  District  Court, 
Ninth  Judicial  District,  comprising  the  counties  of  Appanoosa,  Monroe, 
Lucas,  Wayne,  Warren,  Madison,  Union,  Ringgold,  and  Decatur.     At  the 
close  of  his  first  term  he  was  reelected.     When  the  judicial  districts  were 
changed  by  the  new  Constitution  in  1857,  he  was  elected  Judge  of  the 
Second  Judicial  District,  and  served  a  full  term  of  four  years,  making  a 
continuous  record  on  the  bench  of  nearly  ten  years.     In  politics  Judge 
Townsend  was  a  lifelong  Democrat  and  until  his  death  took  an  active  part 
in  the  coimcils  of  his  party.     Upon  retiring  from  the  bench  in   1864,  he 
formed    a    co-partnership    with    T.    B.    Perry,    under    the    firm    name    of 
Perry  &  Townsend,  a  relation  which  continued  for  twenty  years,   when 
Judge  Townsend  retired  from  the  practice  of  the  law.     Judge  Townsend 
was  twice  married,  first  in  1848  to  Mary  E.  Brooks,  who  died  in  1852.     In 
the  autumn  of  1853  he  was  married  to  Annie,  daughter  of  John  D.  Elbert 
of  Van  Buren  County.     Three  sons  survive  this  union.  Judge  J.  E.  Towns- 
end  and  Dr.  Wilber  Townsend,  both  of  El  Paso,  Texas,  and  Fred  Townsend, 
an  attorney  of  Albia.    He  died  April  23,  1892,  at  his  home  in  Albia. 


GENERAL     IND  EX 


Abbott,  Chas.  H.,  II,  304,  305 ;  IV,  1. 

Abercrombie,  John  C,  II,  135,  197,  198, 
207. 

Abernethy,  Alonzo,  IV,  1. 

Acts  of  Congress  concerning  Iowa,  1, 
173,  176,  177,  185,  186,  195,  213,  214,  283. 

Acts  of  General  Assemblies,  I,  1st — 240, 
246;   2d— 257,  258;  3d — 264;  4tli — 270, 
271;  5th— 278,  283;  6th— 286,  351;  7th 
— 355,   356,  357,  358,  366,  367,  368;   II, 
8th — 55,  56,  57,  62;  9th — 65,  75;  10th 
—102,  103,  104;  III,  11th — 6,  7,  8,  9 
12th — 9,   21,   22,    25;    13th — 9,   30,   31 
14th — 48,  49;  15th — 63,  64,  66,  67,  68 
69,  70;  16th— 77;  17th— 93,  94,  95,  96 
18th— 99;    19th— 113,   114;    20th— 131 
21st — 135,  150;  22d — 145,  150,  151,  152 
153;    23d— 161;    24th— 165  ;    25th— ISO, 
181;    26th— 184;    27th— 191,    192,    193 
28th— 201,  202  ;  29th— 210,  211. 

Acts  of  Legislative  Assemblies,  I,  1st — 
189;  2d — 202,  203;  3d— 206,  207;  4th— 
208  ;  5th— 210  ;  6th,  211 ;  7th — 219  ;  8th 
— 220. 

Acts  Michigan  Territorial  Legislature, 
session,  I,  1834 — 173. 

Acts  Wisconsin  Territorial  Legislature, 
session,  I,  1»36 — 174,  175,  177;  1837— 
178,  182.  183;  1838—169;  1839—170; 
1840 — 170,  171. 

Adair  county.  III,  296,  297. 

Adams,  Austin,  IV,  1,  2 ;  Mary  Newbury, 
2,  3. 

Adams  county.  III,  297,  298,  299. 

Adjutant-General,  II,  61;  III,  455;  act 
creating  office  of  assistant,  II,  75 ; 
report  of,  100,  101. 

Admission  of  Iowa,  I,  213,  229. 

Agents,  .see  Indian,  consuls. 

Agricultural  college,  I,  357,  358,  394,  395 ; 
II,  75,  102,  103,  104;  III,  5,  8,  26,  27, 
28,  92,  158,  210,  268,  269,  270,  456 ;  land 
grant,  92. 

Agricultural  society.  III,  280,  281,  282, 
456. 

Agriculture,  Department  of.  State,  III, 
114,  202,  456;  United  States,  528. 

Aids-de-camp  to  governor,  II,  61. 

Ainsworth,  Lucian  L.,  IV,  3. 

Aldrich,  Charles,  III,  284 ;  IV,  3,  4. 

Alford,   Lore,  III,  99. 

Allamakee  county,  III,  299,  300,  301,  302. 

Allatoona  Pass,  II,  357,  358,  359. 

Allen,  Wm.  V.,  IV,  4,  5. 

[Vol.  4] 


Alliance,  State,  III,  107. 

Allison,   Wm.   B.,   I,  259;   II,  42,  61,  78; 

III,  22,  30,  46,  47,  48,  93,  130,  161,  187, 
247;   IV,  5,  6,  7. 

Allouez,  Father  Claude,  I,  26. 
American  Fur  Company,  I,  151,  209. 
Anderson,  Albert  R.,  IV,  7 ;  Daniel,  II, 

370,  371;  IV,  7;  Jeremiah  G.,  I,  375, 

381 ;  II,  1,  2,  3,  6,  7,  9. 
Andersonville,   II,  412,  413,  414,  415,  416, 

417,   418. 
Andreas,  Alfred  T.,  IV,  7,  8. 
Animals,    of    Mississippi    valley,    I,    30; 

prehistoric,  4,  5,  15. 
Antimonopoly    conventions,    III,    1873 — 

60;  1874—69;  1875—72. 
Appanoose,  chief,  I,  88,  93,  162. 
Appanoose  county.  III,  302,  303,  304. 
Arbitration    tribunal    for    settlement    of 

industrial  differences.  III,  135. 
Archer,  Sampson,  M.,  II,  229,  231. 
Arkansas  Post,  II,  284,  285. 
Armstrong,  Robt.  B.,  IV,  8. 
Armstrong,  Fort,  I,  78,  SO,  84,  85,  138,  160. 
Army,  of  Frontier,  II,  240;  of  Potomac, 

66,  71,  72,  73,  77,  78,  79,  80,  96,  97,  98, 

99,  110,   111;   of  Virginia.   80. 
Arrests  of  the  disloyal,  II,  84,  85,  86. 
Artillery    Batteries,    II,    1st — 409;    2d — 

409;    3d — 410;    4th — 410;    III,    5th— 

195;  6th— 195. 
Ashton,  Charles,  IV,  8,  9. 
Assembly,  see  Legislative  Assembly. 
Atkinson.  Henry,  I,  80,  81,  187. 
Atlanta,  II,  207,  208,  217,  221,  222. 
Attorney-General,   III,  454;   creation  of 

office  of,  I,  272. 
Auditor,   Act  creating  office  of,   I,   202; 

of  state.   III,  449,   450;   of  territory, 

441. 
Audubon  county.  III,  304,  305. 
Aunt  Becky  Young,  see  Young. 
Australian  ballot.  III,  165. 

Babb,  Washington  I.,  IV,  9. 
Babbitt,  Lysander  W.,  IV,  9,  10. 
Bailey,  A.  K.,  IV,  10;  Gideon  S.,  II,  86; 

IV,  10,  11. 
Bainbridge,  M.,  I,  205. 
Baird,  Harlan,  II,  393,  394,  395. 

Baker,   James,  II,  37,  139,  227,  228;  IV, 
11 ;  Nathaniel  B.,  II,  55,  61,  63,  64,  90. 

100,  101,  112,  114;  III,  34,  35,  55;  IV, 
11,  12 ;  Thomas,  I,  238 ;  IV,  12,  13. 


304 


HISTOEY 


Baldwin,  Caleb,  I,  222 ;  IV,  13  ;  John  N., 

13. 
Banbury,  Jabez,  II,  15S,  228,  308  ;  IV,  13. 
Bancroft  county,  III,  305,  306. 
Banditti,  I,  331,  332,  333,  334,  335,  336,  337, 

338,  339,  340. 
Bank,    Commissioners   on    state,   I,   356 ; 

examiners.  III,  161  ;  laws  regarding, 

I,  355,  356,  357;  Miners',  I,  174,  175, 
184,   209,   212,   219;    II,  105;    national, 

II,  105 ;  notes,  102 :  prohibition  of,  I, 
227 :  state,  I,  355,  356,  357 ;  II,  32,  33, 
34,  105 :  III,  4,  5. 

Banking  laws,  II,  32,  33 ;  III,  4,  5. 

Banks,  Nath'l  P.,  II,  319;  see  also  De 
Russey,  Pleasant  Hill,  Red  River 
E.xpedition. 

Barbed  wire,  III,  102,  103,  104,  105,  106, 
107. 

Earner,  Horatio  G.,  II,  403,  405. 

Earris,  Willis  H.,  IV,  13,  14. 

Barrows,   Willard,   IV,   14. 

Bashore,  John  L.,  II,  91,  92. 

Eassett,  Geo.  W.,  IV,  15. 

Bates,  John  F..  II,  53 ;  IV,  15. 

Batteries,  sec  artillery. 

Battles,  see  AUatoona  Pass,  Arkansas 
■  Post,  Atlanta,  Belmont,  Black  River 
Bridge,  Blue  Mills,  Champion's  Hill, 
Chattanooga,  Chickasaw  Bayou,  Cor- 
inth, Fort  De  Russey,  Fort  Donelson, 
Hartsville,  Helena,  luka,  Jackson, 
Jenkin's  Ferry,  Mark's  Mills,  Mobile, 
Moscow,  Nashville,  Pea  Ridge,  Pleas- 
ant Hill,  Port  Gibson,  Prairie  Grove, 
Resaca,  Springfield,  Terre  Noir,  Til- 
ton,  Van  Buren*,  Vicksburg,  Wil- 
son's Greek,  White  Stone  Hill,  Win- 
chester.* 

Battles  of  Indians,  see  Black  Hawk  War, 
Delaware,  Fox,  Pottawattamie,  Sac, 
Sioux. 

Battleship   Iowa,   III,  185. 

Beach,  Benjamin,  II,  198. 

Beardshear,  Wm.  M.,  IV,  15,  16. 

Eeardsley,   Charles,  IV,  300. 

Beck,  Joseph  M.,  Ill,  116,  117  ;  IV,  16,  17. 

Beeson,  Byron  A.,  IV,  17. 

Belknap,  Wm.  W.,  I,  367;  II,  207,  215, 
216,  218 ;  IV,  17,  18. 

Belknap  county.  III,  306. 

Belmont,  I,  174,  175,  176;  battle  of,  II, 
168,  169. 

Bemis,  Geo.  W.,  IV,  18 ;  Narcissa  T.,  18. 


Benton,  Thos.  H.,  Jr.,  I,  223,  269,  352, 
353  ;  II,  299,  300,  303,  327 ;  III,  13,  264  ; 
IV,  18,  19. 

Benton  county,  III,  306,  307,  308. 

Boreman,  A.  H.,  II,  407. 

Berry,  Wm.  H.,  IV,  19. 

Berryhill,  Jas.  G.,  Ill,  148,  150,  151 ;  IV, 
19,  20. 

Bessey,  Chas.  E.,  IV,  20. 

Bestow,  Sara'l  L.,  Ill,  164  ;  IV,  20,  21. 

Binders,  State,  III,  456. 

Birdsall,  Benj.  P.,  IV,  21. 

Bishop,  Chas.  A.,  IV,  21. 

Bissell,  Fred'k  E.,  IV,  21,  22. 

Black  Hawk,  chief,  I,  69,  75,  76,  77,  78, 
79,  80,  81,  82,  83,  84,  85,  86,  87,  89,  90, 
97,  99,  100,  135;  purchase,  87,  154,  155, 
157,  162,  220,  221;  tower,  76;  war.  79, 
SO,  81,  82.  83,  84. 

Black  Hawk  county.  III,  309,  310,  311. 

Black  River  Bridge,  Battle  of,  II,  266. 

Blakely.  Fort,  II,  176,  177,  178. 

Blanchard,  Lucian   C,  IV,  22. 

Blind,   College  for.   III,  272,  273. 

Blizzards.  I,  390. 

Block-house  at  Council  Bluffs,  I,  100. 

Bloomer,  Amelia  Jenki5,  IV,  22,  23 ;  Dex- 
ter C,  23. 

Bloomington,  see  Muscatine. 

Blue  Mills,  Battle  of,  II,  141,  142. 

Blunt,  J.  G.,  see  Prairie  Grove,  Van 
Euren. 

Boardman,  Norman,  IV,  23,  24. 

Boards,  see  control,  immigration,  health. 

Boernstein,  Carl,  II,  135,  391,  392. 

Boies,  Horace,  III,  154,  156,  158,  160,  161, 
163,  164,  165,  166,  171,  173,  187  ;  IV,  24. 

Bolter,  Lemuel  R.,  IV,  24. 

Bonds,  Act  authorizing  issue  of  state, 
II,  56  ;  commission  on,  62. 

Bonham,  Smiley  H.,  I,  252. 

Bonney,  Edward,  I,  336. 

Boone,  Nathan,  I,  161,  162;  IV,  25. 

Boone  county.  III,  311,  312,  313. 

Booth,  Caleb  H.,  IV,  25 ;  Edmund,  26 ; 
J.  Wilkes,  II,  23. 

Border,  Act  for  protection  of,  II,  56,  75, 
90  ;  attacks  on,  57,  93,  94  ;  brigade,  90  ; 
rufHan  invasion,  112,  113,  114 ;  war  in 
Davis   county,   93,   94. 

Boulders,  Origin  of,  I,  6. 

Boundary,  Act  defining  county,  I,  184; 
original,  of  Iowa,  212,  213,  215,  216, 
217,  218.  227,  263;  dispute  over  Mis- 
souri, see  also  Missouri. 


OF  IOWA 


305 


Bounties  for  enlistment,  II,  75. 

Bowen.  Dan'l  H..  Ill,  200 ;  IV,  26. 

Bowman,  Thomas,  IV,  26,  27. 

Brackett,  A.  B.,  II,  391,  393. 

Bradley,  Philip  B.,  IV,  27. 

Brainard,  John  M.,  IV,  27,  28;  Nathan 
H.,  II,  62  ;  IV,  28. 

Brandt,  Isaac,  IV,  28. 

Bremer  county.  III,  313,  314. 

Brennan,  John,  IV,  28,  29. 

Brevets,  see  brigadier,  major. 

Bridge,  First  railway,  I,  273. 

Brigadier-Generals,  see  Belknap,  Bus- 
sey.  Corse,  Crocker,  Curtis,  G.  M. 
Dodge,  Edwards,  Elliott,  Gilbert, 
Hatch,  Herron,  Lauman,  Matthies, 
E.  W.  Rice,  S.  A.  Rice,  Reid.  Steele, 
Tuttle,  Vandever,  Warren,  William- 
son ;  brevet  brigadier-r/enerals,  sec 
Benton,  G.  W.  Clark,  W.  T.  Clark, 
Coon,  Drake,  Geddes,  Glasgow, 
Heath,  Hedrick,  Hill,  W.  W.  Lowe, 
McKenney,  A.  H.  Sanders,  G.  A. 
Stone,  Trumbull,  Wever,  Winslow, 
Briggs,  Ansel,  I,  228,  238,  244,  2G3 ; 
HI,  107 ;  IV,  29,  30. 

Brigham,  Johnson,  IV,  30. 

Brown,  Aaron,  II,  143 ;  IV,  30,  31 ;  John, 
I,  374,  375,  376,  377,  378,  379,  380,  381, 
382,  383;  II,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 
10,  12,  13,  16,  19,  23,  24,  25,  26,  27,  28, 
29,  30,  31,  32,  47;  John  L.,  Ill,  132, 
133,  136,  137;  IV,  31;  Timothy,  31; 
W.  W.,  I,  331,  332,  333;  E.  B.,  see 
also    Springfield,    Hartsville. 

Brown  banditti,  I,  331,  332,  333,  334,  335. 

Browne,  Jesse  B.,  I,  188,  238;  IV,  31,  32. 

Buchanan  county.  III,  314,  315. 

Brickner,   Fort,   I,  267. 

Budd,  J.  L.,  IV,  32. 

Buena  Vista  county.  III,  316,  317,  318. 

Bulls,  Henry  C,  III,  45,  48 ;  IV,  32,  33. 

Bunce,  Philip,  II,  93,  94. 

Buncombe  county.  III,  318. 

Burdett,  Sam'l  S.,  IV,  33. 

Burdette,  Rob't  J.,  IV,  33,  34. 

Burdick,  Theo.  W.,  IV,  34. 

Burkholder,  Wm.  E.,  I,  314,  316,  317. 

Burlington,  I,  159,  176,  222,  223  ;  rifle  com- 
pany, II,  52 ;  Zouaves,  52. 

B'lrnside,  Ambrose  E.,  see  Army  of  Po- 
tomac. 

Burrell,  Howard  A.,  IV,  34. 

BuBsey,  Cyrus,  II,  57,  61,  381,  382,  383, 
384,  388 ,  IV,  34,  35. 


Butler,   Jacob,   II,  100;   Pardee,   I,  375; 

Walter  H.,  IV,  35. 
Butler  county.  III,  318,  319. 
Byam,  Eber  C,  II,  269,  273 ;  IV,  ;-,5. 
Byers,  Howard  W.,  Ill,  183 ;  IV,  35,  36 ; 

Melvin   H.,   Ill,   193;   IV,   36;    Sam'l 

H.  M.,  IV,  36. 
Cabinet,  Members  of,  III,  524. 
Caldwell,  Henry  C,  II,  368,  369,  370,  371. 

372,    381,    382,    383,    384;    IV,    36,    37; 

Timothy  J.,  37. 
Calhoun  county,  III,  319,  320,  321. 
Call,  Ambrose  A.,  IV,  37,  38 ;  Asa  C,  38. 
Callanan,  James,  IV,  39 ;  Martha  Coon- 
ley,  38,  39. 
Calvin,  Sam'l,  on  soils,  I,  2,  3,  7,  8,  9 ; 

IV,  39,  40. 
Camanche  tornado,  II,  35,  36,  37,  38,  39. 

40,  41.  42. 

Campbell,  Edward,  IV,  40,  41 ;  Frank  T., 

III,  66,  67,  87,  93,  94,  98,  99,  147,  149, 

IV,  41;  Isaac  R.,  I,  152,  154;  Marga- 
ret W.,  IV,  41,  42. 

Canal,  see  Mississippi  river. 

Capital,  location,  I,  189,  195,  196,  240,  246, 

257,    278 ;    removal,    351 ;    cities,    see 

Belmont,     Burlington,     Des    Moines, 

Iowa  City. 
Capitol  building,  I,  202,  206,  207,  210,  214, 

240,    351,    359,    360;    III,    32,    49,    210; 

commissioners    on,    48,    49,    140,    210 ; 

opening  of,  128,  129. 
Captains   of  Artillery,   see  J.   M.    Coon, 

Fletcher,  Goode,  Griffith,  Hayden,  J. 

A.  Jones,  Reed,  Spoor,  M.  C.  Wright. 
Captives   of    Sioux   at   Spirit   Lake,    see 

women. 
Cardiff  giant.   III,  35,  36,  37,  38,   39,  40, 

41,  42,   43. 
Carlton,   James,  I,  211. 

Carpenter,  Cyrus  C,  I,  313,  314,  319,  367 ; 

III,  12,  45,  48,  60,  63,  181,  237;  IV, 
42;  George  T.,  42,  43;  Wm.  L.,  HI, 
104.  105;  IV,  43,  44. 

Carroll  county,  III,  321,  322. 

Carskaddon,  David,  II,  184,  186.  187. 

Casady,  Phineas  M.,  IV,  44. 

Cass  county.  III,  322.  323. 

Catholic  church,  I,  158. 

Catlin,  George,  I,  166,  167. 

Catt,    Carrie   Lane   Chapman,    III,   261 ; 

IV,  44,  45. 

Cattell,  Jonathan  W.,  IV,  45. 


306 


HISTORY 


Cavalry  regiments,  II,  1st — 367,  368,  369, 
S70,  371,  372;  2d— 372,  373,  374,  375, 
376,  377,  378,  379;  3d— 381,  382,  383, 
384,  385:  4th— 386,  387,  388,  389,  390, 
391;  5th — 391,  392,  393,  394,  395,  396; 
6th— 397,  398,  399,  400,  401;  7th— 401. 
402;  8th— 402,  403,  404,  405;  9th — 405, 
406:   Company  of  Ft.  Dodge,  411. 

Cedar  county.  III,  323,  324,  325. 

Cedar  Creek,  Battle  of,  II,  297,  298. 

Cedar  river  improvement,  I,  237,  240. 

Census,  of  state,  I,  249,  273,  285,  395;  II, 
78;  III,  44,  92,  93,  285,  2S6,  287,  288, 
289,  290 ;  of  territory,  I,  204,  205,  211 ; 
of  Wisconsin  territory,  174,  183,  184, 
185. 

Cerro  Gordo  county.  III,  325,  326. 

Cbambers,  Alexander,  II,  216,  219,  220, 
221;  John,  I,  106,  206,  207,  209,  211, 
212,  218,  219,  224;  IV,  45,  46. 

Champion's  Hill,  Battle  of,  II,  229,  270, 
271. 

Chapman,  John  W.,  IV,  46 ;  Wm.  W.,  I, 
202,  203:  IV,  46,  47. 

Chase,  Dan'l  D.,  IV,  47. 

Chattanooga,  Battle  of,  II,  110,  306,  307. 

Cheme-use,  chief,  I,  94,  290  (Johnny 
Green). 

Cherokee  county.  III,  326,  327,  328. 

Chickamauga,  Battle  of,  II,  110. 

Chickasaw  Bayou,  Battle  of,  II,  147,  148, 

149. 
Chickasaw  county.  III,  328,  329. 
Chickasaw  Indians,  I,  65. 
Chipman,  Norton  P.,  II,  89,  136,  139,  140. 
Chippewa   Indians,   I,  64,   75,  94,   95,   99, 

100,  101,  104. 
Christian,  Geo.  M.,  IV,  47,  48. 
Cholera,  1,  266. 

Cfciputeau,  Auguste,  I,  112,  113,  143. 
Church,  see  Catholic,  Methodist. 
Cigarettes,  Act  to  prohibit.  III,  184. 
Circuit  courts.  Abolition  of.  III,  135. 
Civil  and  criminal  practice.  System  of, 

I,  189. 
Clagett,  Thos.  W.,  I,  359;  IV,  48. 
Claim  laws,  I,  167,  168,  169. 
Claims    of    half-breeds,    see    half-breed 

reservation. 
Clark,  Chas.  A.,  IV,  48,  49;  Ezekiel  ,11, 

54  ;  Geo.  W.,  II,  145,  329,  330,  331,  332, 

334;   IV,  49;    Geo.    R.,   I,  47,   48,   49; 

Jas.   S.,   IV,   49,   50;   Lincoln,   I,  364, 

365,  367 ;  IV,  50 ;  Rush,  II,  61,  65,  67 ; 


IV,  50,  51;  Sam'I  M.,  IV,  51,  J2 ; 
Talton  E.,  51 ;  Wm.  T.,  II,  206. 

Clarke,  James,  I,  202,  219,  224,  228;  IV, 
52;  Wm.  P.,  52,  53. 

Clarke  county.   III,  329,  330. 

Clarkson,  Coker  P.,  IV,  53,  54;  Jas.  S., 
IV,  54,  55 ;  Richard  P.,  IV,  55. 

Clay,  I,  7. 

Clay  county.  III,  330,  331,  332. 

Clayton  county.  III,  332,  333. 

Clerk  and  Reporter  supreme  court,  see 
reporter. 

Cliff  dwellers,  see  mound  builders. 

Climate,  prehistoric,  I,  4,  5,  6,  7;  see 
also  blizzard,  drought,  summer  tor- 
nado, wet  season,  winter. 

Clinton  county,  III,  334,  335. 

Cloud,  David  C,  IV,  55. 

Clute,   Charles,  I,  343,  344. 

Coal  measures,  I,  3. 

Code,  I,  156,  246,  264,  265,  358 ;  revision  of, 
II,  32  ;  III,  49,  53,  181,  188. 

CoflBn,    Lorenzo    S.,    IV,   55,   56. 

Cole,  Chester  C,  IV,  56,  57. 

Collector  of  customs.  III,  528. 

Colonels  of  cavalry,  see  D.  Anderson, 
Barner,  Bussey,  Caldwell,  Dorr,  El- 
liott, Gower,  Hatch,  Heath,  Lowe, 
Noble,  Pollock,  A.  B.  Porter,  Sum- 
mers, Thompson,  Trumbull,  Warren, 
D.  S.  Wilson,  Winslow,  Young. 

Colonels  of  infantry,  see  Abbott,  Jas. 
Baker,  Banbury,  Bates,  Belknap, 
Benton,  Bereman,  Aaron  Brown, 
Byam,  H.  J.  Campbell,  Carskaddon, 
A.  Chambers,  G.  W.  Clark,  Connell, 
Corse,  Crabb,  Crocker,  Cummings, 
Curtis,  Dewey,  G.  M.  Dodge,  Dows, 
Dye,  Eberhart,  John  Edwards,  Gar- 
rett, Geddes,  Gilbert,  Glasgow,  Gra- 
ham, Hall,  Hare,  Hedrick,  Herron, 
D.  B.  Henderson,  S.  H.  Henderson 
Hill,  Hillis,  Howard,  Hughes,  Hum- 
phreys, Jackson,  Kincaid,  Kinsman, 
Kittridge,  Lauman,  Loper,  J.  A. 
McDowell,  Mackay,  Matthies,  Mer- 
rill, W.  E.  Miller,  N.  M.  Mills. 
Purczel,  Rankin,  Reid,  E.  W.  Rice, 
S.  A.  Rice,  Sanford,  Scott,  Shane, 
Wm.  T.  Shaw,  Small,  Milo  Smith, 
Smyth,  Steele,  G.  A.  Stone,  W.  M. 
Stone,  Torrence,  Tuttle,  Vandever, 
Weaver,  Wever,  Wilds,  N.  G.  Wil- 
liams, J.  A.  Williamson,  J.  C.  Wil- 
son,   Woods,    Worthington. 


OF  IOWA 


307 


Colonels  of  militia,  see  Chipman,  Ed- 
wards, Ingham,  S.  A.  Moore,  Mor- 
ledge,  Sawyer,   Sears,  J.  B.  Weaver. 

Colony  in  Humboldt  county,  II,  103. 

Colored  regiment,  II,  366,  367. 

Columbia,  Capture  of,  II,  282. 

Columbian   Exposition,   III,   167. 

Commissaries-General,  III,  455. 

Commissions,  auditing,  II,  56 ;  investiga- 
tion of  auditor,  III,  133;  banks,  I, 
356;  11,  33;  bonds,  II,  62;  capital 
location,  I,  189,  195,  202,  240,  246,  247, 
257 ;  III,  210  ;  capitol.  III,  48,  49  140, 
210;  capitol  location,  I,  202,  359,  360; 
code,  I,  189,  246;  III,  181;  code  re- 
vision, I,  264,  358 ;  II,  32 ;  III,  49,  53, 
181,  188;  Columbian  Exposition,  III, 
167,  168;  county,  I,  189;  Des  Moines 
river  land  claims,  III,  236,  237,  238 ; 
Des  Moines  river  improvement,  I, 
269,  270  ;  drafts,  II,  73  ;  electoral.  III, 
83;  half-breed  titles,  I,  169,  170;  In- 
dia relief.  III,  185;  libraries,  202; 
land  selection,  I,  237;  HI,  215,  216: 
Missouri  boundary,  I,  180,  194,  195 ; 
investigation  of  offices,  II,  16 ;  peni- 
tentiary, III,  96;  railway,  III,  95, 
145,  149,  150,  152,  161,  174,  184 ;  revenue 
laws.  III,  165 ;  river  improvement,  I, 
237,  269,  351 ;  semi-centennial  state 
admission.  III,  185;  Shiloh  monu- 
ments, 184 ;  soldiers'  monument,  184, 
188 ;  Spirit  Lake  monument,  181 ; 
school  laws,  I,  283 ;  state  depart- 
ments, II,  16 ;  state  Institutions,  III, 
188,  191 ;  statute  revision,  49  ;  Trans- 
Mississippi  exposition,  184,  185 ; 
Vicksburg,  202. 

Commissioner  on  Des  Moines  river  land 
claims,  HI,  244,  245,  246. 

Commissioners,  capital  location  at  Iowa 
City,  III,  442;  dairy,  458;  fish,  459; 
fish  and  game,  459 ;  immigration,  30, 
458:  labor,  458;  legal  inquiry,  458; 
pharmacy,  4.'58,  459. 

Commonweal  armies.  III,  177,  178. 

Conger.  Edwin  H.,  Ill,  206;   IV,  57,  58. 

Congress,  Members  of,  see  directory  of 
public   officials. 

Corgressional  districts,  Act  apportion- 
ing state  into  six,  II,  65 ;  act  creat- 
ing additional,  78 ;  division  of  state 
into,  I,  240,  241 ;  act  reapportioning, 
HI,  48,  114. 

Congressmen  toward  Pres.  Johnson, 
Attitude  of,  HI,  11.  22. 


Connell,  John,  II,  294,  296,  298;  IV,  58. 

Connor,  Jas.  P.,  IV,  58. 

Conservative  republican  convention,  HI, 
12,  13. 

Constitutional  amendment,  on  election, 
HI,  191,  202,  203,  211 ;  negro  suffrage, 
1,  4,  7,  25,  32;  on  prohibition,  114, 
115,  116,  117,  123,  124,  130,  131;  on 
slavery,  II,  26. 

Constitutional  conventions,  I,  1844 — 203, 
212,  213  ;  1846 — 220,  227  ;  1857 — 278,  284, 
285;   HI,  448,  449,  468,  469. 

Constitutions,  1,  1844 — 203,  204,  208,  211, 
212,  213,  215,  216,  217,  218,  219;  1S46 — 
220,  227,  284,  285;  1857 — 352,  354,  366, 
393. 

Consuls  to  foreign  cities,  HI,  525,  526. 

Control,  Board  of,  HI,  172,  173,  191,  197, 
201,  276,  458. 

Conventions,  see  anti-monopoly,  con- 
servative republican,  constitutional, 
democratic,  gold  democratic,  green- 
back, labor,  populist,  prohibition, 
republican,  socialist,  soldiers,  tem- 
perance, territorial,  union,  union 
anti-negro  suffrage,  woman  suffrage, 
whig. 

Ccok,  John  C,  IV,  59 ;  John  P.,  IV,  59 ; 
John  E.,  see  Harper's  Ferry. 

Cook  county,  HI,  335. 

Cook  farm  mounds,  I,  17,  18. 

Coon,  Datus  E.,  II,  377,  378,  379;  IV, 
59,  60. 

Cooper,  Sam'!  F.,  II,  362,  365. 

Copperheads,  H,  81,  82,  83,  84. 

Coppoc,  Barclay,  I,  375,  379  ;  H,  1,  2,  3. 
8,  12,  13,  14,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22  ;  Ed- 
win, I,  S79:  II,  1,  2,  3,  8,  9,  10,  11, 
12,  13,  14,  19.  23. 

Corinth,  Battle  of,  II,  226,  227,  228. 

Corkhill,  Geo.  B.,  IV,  60. 

Corner-stone  of  capitol,  Iowa  City,  I, 
202. 

Corse,  John  M.,  II,  44,  160,  161,  162,  163, 
165,  307,  357,  358,  359;  IV,  60,  61. 

Cottle,  Isaac,  H,  202. 

Cotton,  Aylett  R.,  HI,  29;  IV,  61. 

Coulter,  Edward,  H,  136,  175,  199,  201. 

Council  Bluffs,  I,  100,  120,  147,  153,  235. 

Council,  .see  Legislative  Assembly. 

Counterfeiters,  I,  332,  333,  334,  335. 

Counties,  Act  governing  organization, 
HI.  293,  294,  295 ;  naming  of,  295,  296 ; 
brief  history  of  the  several,  see 
names  of  counties. 


308 


HISTORY 


County,  Act  changing  boundaries  of, 
III,  31;  act  governing  boundaries  of, 
294 ;  change  in  name  of,  11?  75 ;  com- 
missioners, act  providing  for,  I,  189 ; 
organization,  166,  175,  183,  211,  212, 
219,  226,  240,  264,  278,  286. 

Court  of  Claims,  see  claim  laws. 

Courts,  Territorial,  I,  186 ;  see  also 
judges,  official  directory. 

Cousins,  Robt.  G.,  IV,  61,  62. 

Cownie,  John.  HI,  197;   IV,  62. 

Cox,  Thomas,  I,  205,  211. 

Crabb,  Benjamin,  II,  235,  239. 

Crapo,  Philip  M.,  IV,  62. 

Cravath,  Sam'l  A.,  IV,  62,  63. 

Cravi^ford  county.  III,  335,  336. 

Crawford,   Fort,   I,  78. 

Crocker,  Marcellus  M.,  II,  136,  137,  140, 
191,    205,    206,    207,    221,    229,    271,    272; 

III,  31;  IV,  63,  64. 
Crocker  county.  III,  336,  337. 

Crops,    Damage    to,    I,    1858 — 369;    III, 

1867—19,    20;    1873 — 55,    56;    1886—175, 

176  ;  report  on,  1901,  1902 — 213. 
Crosby,  J.  O.,  Ill,  167,  187. 
Crosley,  Geo.  W.,  II,  142,  143,  145,  163. 
Culhertson,   J.  C,  II,  62. 
Ciimmings,  Henry  J.  B.,  II,  356 ;  IV,  64. 
Cummins,    Albert   B.,    Ill,   105,   205,   206, 

207,  209,  210;  IV,  64,  65. 
Curator  Historical  Department,  III,  458. 
Currency,  Act  effecting,  II,  106,  107 ;  see 

also  bank-s,  v.'ildcat. 
Curtis,  Geo.  M.,  IV.  65,  66;  Sam'l  R.,  I, 

253,   254,  284 ;    II,  45,   49,   64,   136,   137, 

140,  146,  147,  179,  180,  181,  182,  183.  246. 

382;  IV,  66. 
Curtis  Horse,  II,  391. 
Curtis,  Fort,  II,  326,  327. 
Ourtiss,  Chas.  F.,  IV,  65. 
Custodian  public  buildings.  III,  458. 
Cutts,  Marsena  B.,  Ill,  71 ;  IV,  66,  67. 
Dakota   indians,   I,   64,   94,   101,    102,   103, 

106. 
Dallas  county.  III,  337,  338. 
Dashiell,  Mark  A.,  IV,  67. 
Davenport,   George,   I,  138,  154,   160,  332, 

335,  .336  ;  IV,  67,  68. 
Davenport,  town  of,  I,  160,  222 ;  academy 

of  sciences  in,  15 ;  mounds  near,  17. 
Davis.  Jefferson,  I,  81,  82,  83;  Sam'l  T., 

IV,  68;  Timothy,  IV,  68. 
Davis  county.  III,  338,  339. 
Day,  Jas.  G.,  IV,  68,  69. 


Deaf  and  Dumb,  Act  establishing  asylum 
for.  III,  21 ,  asylum,  I,  278 ;  III,  274. 

Dean,  Amos,  I,  358;  Henry  Clay,  II,  82, 
S3,  84,  119;   IV,  69. 

Death  penalty.  Act  abolishing.  III,  48. 

Decatur  county.   III,  339,  340. 

Deemer,  Horace  E.,  IV,  70. 

Deering,   Nath'l  C,  IV,  70. 

DIbervilic,  I,  41,  42,  43. 

Deignan,  Osborn  W.,  IV,  70,  71. 

Delaware  county.  III,  340,  341. 

Delaware   indians,   I,  104,  75. 

Delegates  in  congress,  III,  44 ;  see  also 
■    elections. 

Democratic  conventions,  I,  1840 — 203, 
204;  1845—216;  1846 — 228;  1848—250; 
1849 — 258,  259;  1850 — 263;  1852 — 270; 
1854—274;  1855—279;  1856—283,  284; 
1857 — 352;  1859 — 370;  II,  1860 — 44; 
1861—62,  63;  1862—78;  1863—96;  1864 
— 117:  1865 — 2;  1866 — 13;  1867—18; 
1868—24;  1869—29;  1870—33;  1871— 
45;  1872—49,  50;  1875—71,  72;  1876— 
79;  1877—89;  1878 — 96;  1879 — 97;  1880 
— 100;  1881—109;  1882—122;  1883- 
125;  1884—132;  1885 — 135;  1886 — 137; 
1887 — 137;  1888—153;  1889 — 154;  1890 
—162;  1891—163;  1892-165;  1893- 
172;  1894 — 179;  1895—183;  1896 — 187; 
1S97— 189;  1898—198;  1899—200;  1900 
— 203;  1901—207;   1902—212. 

Denison,  Jesse  W.,  IV,  71. 

De  Russey,  Fort,  H,  210,  211. 

Des  Moines  county,  I,  173,  174  ;  III,  341, 
342. 

Des  Moines,  Fort,  I,  107,  108,  161. 

Des  Moines  navigation  company,  1,  358  ; 
III,  221,  223,  225,  227,  229,  230,  232,  238, 
240,  241,  242,  243. 

Des  Moines  river,  I,  31 ;  improvement 
of,  237,  253,  254,  264,  269,  270,  273,  286, 
351,  358;  navigation  of, -237,  24S,  249, 
253,  254,  264,  269,  270,  351,  358;  rapids 
in,  152. 

Des  Moines  river  land  grant,  I,  237,  240, 
248,  249,  253,  255,  358;  decisions  of 
courts  concerning.  III,  223,  229,  230, 
232,  233.  234.  243;  decisions  of  attor- 
neys-general, 217,  220,  222;  extent  of, 
92,  215,  216,  217,  220,  221,  222,  224,  227; 
sale  of  lands,  221,  222,  223,  225;  set- 
tlers, 165,  226,  230,  232,  235,  240,  241, 
242,  243;  value  of,  246. 


OF  IOWA 


309 


Des    Moines,    town    of,    location,    I,    108, 

164  :  mounds  near,  19  ;  origin  of  name, 

33 ;  removal  of  capital  to,  351. 
De  Soto,  I,  22,  23,  24,  25.  27,  42. 
Desperadoes  in  Mississippi  valley,  I,  331, 

337,  339,  340. 
Devin,  Michael,  IV,  71,  72. 
Dewey,  William,  II,  265 ;  IV,  72. 
Dey,  Peter  A.,  IV,  72,  73. 
Dickinson  county.  III,  342,  343. 
Dillon.  John  F.,  Ill,  70,  71 ;  IV,  73,  74. 
Directory  of  public  oflBcials,   III,  441  to 

531. 
Discovery  of  Iowa,  I,  SO ;  of  Mississippi 

river.  23,  30. 
Disfranchisement,  Act  of.  III,  7. 
Disloyal,  Acts  of  the,  II,  84,  85,  86,  87,  88, 

89,  90,  91,  92,  113,  114,  116,  120,  123,  124. 
District  attorneys,   territorial,  III,  441 ; 

U.  S.,  525. 
District  judges,   state.   III,  451,   452,  453, 

454:  U.   S.,  525. 
Districts,  sec  congressional,  judicial. 
Dixon.  Jacob  W.,  IV,  75;  John  N.,  IV, 

74,  75. 
Dodge,  Augustus  C,  I,  187,  194,  204,  213, 

215,  216,  219,  238,  239,  252,  258,  262,  370  ; 

IV,  75,  76 ;  Grenville  M.,  II,  140,  145, 

146,  181,  183,  217,  218  ;  III,  22,  74 ;  IV, 

76,  77,  78  ;  Henry,  I,  82,  83,  87,  96,  97. 

174,  267;  Wm.  W.,  IV,  78. 
Dodge,  Fort,  I,  J66,  267. 
Dolliver,  Jonathan  P.,  Ill,  247;  IV,  78, 

79. 
Donelson,    Battle   of   Fort,    II,   137,   138. 

139. 
Donnan,  Wm.  G.,  IV,  79. 
Dorr,  Joseph  B,  II,  402,  403,  404,  405. 
Dows,  Wm.  G.,  Ill,  196;  IV,  79. 
Draft,    Commission    on,    II,    73,    74,    76, 

99.  109,  112,  114,  124 ;  resistance  of,  90, 

91,  92. 
Diainage,  I,  4. 
Drake,  Francis  M.,  II,  345,  346,  347,  348 ; 

III,  183,  184,  189  ;  IV,  80. 

Drive  well,  controversy.  III,  140,  141,  142. 
Drought  of  1886,  1894,  III,  175,  176;  1901 

—212. 
Drummond,  Thomas,  I,  361 ;  II,  386.  387  ; 

IV,  80. 

Dubuque.  Julien,  I,  109,  110,  111,  112.  113. 

114.  116.  127,  129. 
Dubuque  county,  I,  173,  174,  183 ;  III,  343. 
Dubuque  land  grant,  I,  110,  111,  112,  113, 

114. 


Dubuque  lead  mines,  I,  75,  109,  110,  111, 
112,  113,  114,  115,  116,  127,  155,  157. 

Dubuque,  town  of,  I,  157,  158,  223. 

Dubuque  Visitor,  I,  176,  177. 

Duncombe,  John  F.,  I,  311,  317,  320;  IV, 
81. 

Dungan,  Warren  S.,  Ill,  171.  173;  IV, 
81,  82. 

Dunham,  Clark,  IV,  82. 

Dunlap,  Cornelius  W..  II,  251.  252,  254, 
255. 

Dunlavey,   James,  II,  385. 

Dye,  Wm.  McE.,  II,  242,  244,  245,  246, 
249 ;  IV,  82,  83. 

Dysart,  Joseph,  III,  63  ;  IV,  83. 

Eads,  James  D.,  I,  286,  287,  355. 

Early,  David  C.  IV,  83. 

Earthquake  in  Mississippi  valley,  I,  141. 

Eastman,  Enoch  W.,  I,  217,  223;  II,  9G. 
101 ;  III,  1,  2  ;  IV,  84. 

Eaton,  Ariel  K.,  IV,  84,  85 ;  Willard  L., 
Ill,  209;  IV,  85. 

Eberhart,  Gustavus  A..  II,  145,  315,  316. 
318,  323. 

Ebersole,  Ezra  C,  IV,  85. 

Education,  Board  of.  II,  102,  104  ;  prog- 
ress of.  III,  263,  264,  265,  266,  267,  268, 
269,  270,  271,  272;  higher,  I,  396;  see 
also  agricultural  college,  normal 
school,  schools,  university. 

Educational   laws.   III,  263,  264,  265,  266. 

Edwards,  John,  II,  15,  58,  61,  233,  235, 
236,  237 ;  IV,  85,  86. 

Eiboeck,  Joseph,  IV,  86. 

Elbert,  John  D.,  I,  210;  IV.  300. 

Election  laws.  III,  131,  191.  202,  203. 

Elections,  I,  1838—188,  202;  1839 — 201, 
203;  1844 — 212,  218;  1845 — 219;  1S46 — 
220,  227,  228;  1847—243,  244;  1848— 
252;  1849 — 259;  1850 — 263;  1851 — 269; 
1854—275;  1855—279,  280;  1856,  284; 
1857—351.  352;  1858 — 356;  1859 — 371. 
II,  1860 — 45;  1861—64;  1862 — 78,  79; 
1863 — 96;  1864 — 124,  125;  1865 — 4; 
1866 — 14;  1867 — 18;  1868 — 25;  1869 — 
29;  1870 — 33;  1871 — 45;  1872—50,  52; 
1873 — 61;  1874 — 69;  1875 — 74;  1876 — 
80;  1877—90;  1878—97;  1879 — 98;  18S0 
— 100;  1881—109;  1882 — 122;  1883- 
127;  1884 — 132;  1885 — 135;  1886 — ^137; 
1887 — 13S;  1888—153,  154;  1889 — 156; 
1890 — 162;  1891—164;  1892—167;  1893 
— 173;  1894 — 179;  1895 — 183;  1896 — 
188;  1897-191;  1898—198;  1899 — 200; 
1900 — 203;  1901—209;  1902—212;  Act 


310 


HISTORY 


enabling  soldiers  in  field  to  vote  in, 
II,  75 :    acts   governing,   I,  186,   203 ; 
effect  of  granges  on,  III,  57. 
Elections,  U.  S.  Senators,  I,  238,  239,  245, 
252,  270,  271,  276,  277,  278,  286,  364,  367  ; 
II,  102 ;  III,  8,  46,  47,  48,  76,  77,  93,  97, 
130,  152,  153,  161. 
Electoral  commission,  see  McCrary. 
Elliott,  John  A.,  IV,  86 ;  Washington  L., 

II,  372,  373,  374 ;  IV,  87. 
Ellis,  Lyman  A.,  IV,  87. 
Emancipation  proclamation,  see  procla- 
mation. 
Emmet  county,  HI,  343,  344. 
English  in  Mississippi  valley,   I,  44,  45, 

46,  47,  48.  49,  142,  143. 
Enlistment  bounties,  see  bounties. 
Enrollment  act,  II,  109. 
Ericson,  Chas.  J.  A.,  IV,  87,  88. 
Evans,  Sam'l  B.,  IV,  88. 
Examiner  of  claims,  III,  528. 
Explorations  of  Louisiana  purchase,  see 
Boone,  D'Iberville,  De  Sota,  Henne- 
pin, Joliet,  La  Salle,  Lesueur,  Lewis 
and    Clark,    Long,    Marquette,    Nar- 
vaez,  Nunez,  Nicholet,  Pike. 
Expositions,  see  Columbian,  Trans-Mis- 
sissippi, Louisiana  Purchase. 
Extra    sessions   legislature,   see   general 
assemblies,     legislative     assemblies, 
Wisconsin  legislature. 
Fairall,  Sam'l  H.,  IV,  88. 
Fairchild,  David  S.,  IV,  89. 
Fales,  Mrs.  J.  T.,  II,  420. 
Farmers'   Alliance,    III,   107 ;    effects   of 
granges   on,   58 ;    improved   condition 
of,  I,  396,  397;  III,  61,  62;  protective 
association,    104,    105,    106.    107;    co- 
operation of ;   see  also  barbed  wire, 
drivewell,  railroads. 
Farragut,  David  G.,  see  Fort  Gaines. 
Farwell,   Sewell  S.,  IV,  89. 
Faville,  Oran,  I,  354;  II,  15;  IV,  89,  90. 
Fayette  county,  I,  183;   III,  344,  345. 
Federation   of  women's   clubs.    III,   261, 

262. 
Feeble  minded,  asylum.  III,  274. 
Fegan,  Joseph  D.,  IV,  90. 
Fellows,  Liberty  E.,  IV,  90 ;  Stephen  N., 

IV,  91. 
Felt,  Andrew  J.,  IV,  91,  92. 
Fencing  material,  I,  395;  III,  101,  102; 
see  also  barbed  wire. 


Financial  condition,  I,  209,  212,  245,  249, 
252,  253,  264,  269,  275,  276,  286,  354,  355, 
357,  397 ;  II,  15,  65 ;  III,  5.  17,  28,  62, 
85,  139,  140,  154,  173,  174,  201. 
Finkbine,  Robert  S.,  Ill,  140 ;  IV,  92. 

Fisher,  Maturin  L.,  I,  275;  II,  63;  IV, 
92,  93. 

Flandreau,  Chas.  E.,  I,  323,  324,  325. 

Fleming,  Wm.  H.,  IV,  93. 

Fletcher.  Chas.  H.,  II,  409. 

Flick,  Jas.  P.,  IV,  93. 

Flint  Hills,  I,  151,  153,  156,  158 ;  see  also 
Burlington. 

Floyd,  Charles,  I,  121,  122;  John  B.,  II, 
24,  25,  28,  29,  30. 

Floyd  Bluff,  I,  122. 

Floyd  county.  III,  345,  346,  347. 

Floyd   monument.   III,  203,   204. 

Foote,  John  G.,  IV,  94 ;  Andrew  H.,  see 
Donelson. 

Forest  trees.  Damage  to.  III,  176,  199, 
212. 

Fort  Dodge  cavalry  company,  see  cav- 
alry. 

Forts,  see  Armstrong,  Blakely,  Craw- 
ford, Curtis,  De  Russey,  Des  Moines, 
Dodge,  Donelson,  Gaines,  Henry, 
Hill,  Hindman,  Lisa,  Madison,  Mor- 
gan, Pierre,  Powell,  Randall,  Rice, 
Sanford,  Smith,  Spanish,  Sully. 

Foster,  Sidney  A.,  IV,  94;  Suel,  IV,  94, 
95.  , 

Fox  county,  III,  347. 

Fox   Indians,   I,  64,   65,   66,   69,  70,   73  to 
88,  93,  94,  96,  99,  100,  104,  105,  106,  110, 
111,    112,    127,    135,    155,    162,    169,    184,  _ 
208,  209,  283. 

France,  Treaty  with  U.  S.,  I,  55,  56; 
with  Spain,  56. 

Franklin  county.  III,  347,  348. 

Frederick,  Benj.  T.,  IV,  95. 

Fremont  county,  III,  348,  349. 

French,  Alice,  IV,  95. 

French  in  Mississippi  valley,  I,  26,  29, 
30,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,  36,  37,  38,  39,  40, 
41,  42,  44,  45,  46,  47,  51,  55,  59,  109. 

Frontier,  Act  for  protection  of,  II,  75 ; 
defense  of,  69,  70;  guards,  15,  68; 
see  also  Sioux. 

Frontier  guards,  I,  368. 

Fruit  growing.  III,  288 ;  act  encourag- 
ing, 21. 

Fuller,  Mrs.  I.  K.,  II,  420;  Wm.  E.,  IV, 
95,  96. 


OF  IOWA 


311 


Fulton,  Ambrose  C,  IV,  96 ;  Alex.  R., 
96,   97. 

Fund,  emergency  war,  II,  54. 

Fr.nk.  Abraham  B.,  Ill,  181,  190 ;  IV,  97 ; 
Jas.  H.,  Ill,  191 ;  IV,  97,  98. 

Pur  trade,  I,  39,  45,  46,  49,  111,  209. 

Gaines,  Port,  II,  332,  333,  334. 

Galland,  Isaac,  I,  153,  178 ;  Washington, 
IV,  98. 

Gallup,  Wm.  H.,  IV,  98. 

Gardner,  Abbie,  I,  298,  299,  300,  323,  325, 
326 ;  see  also  Sharp. 

Gardner  family,  I,  295,  297,  298,  300,  304. 

Garland,  Hamlin,  IV,  99. 

Garrett,  John  A.,  II,  361,  364,  365,  366; 
IV,  99. 

Gatch,  Conduce  H.,  IV,  99,  100. 

Gear,  John  H.,  Ill,  63,  72,  76,  87,  93,  98, 
99,  108  ;  IV,  100,  101. 

Geddes,  Jas.  L.,  II,  173,  174,  175,  177.  178 ; 
IV,  101,  102. 

General  Assemblies,  1st,  I,  237,  240,  244; 
2d — 252;  3d — 263;  4th— 269  ;  5th — 275; 
6th — ^285:  7th — 354,  366,  367;  8th,  II, 
15,  54,  56 ;  9th — 64,  65,  71,  74,  78 ;  10th 
— 99,  102,  103,  104,  105;  11th— 5,  6,  7, 
S,  9 :  12th— 20,  21,  22,  25 ;  13th — 29,  30, 
31,  32;  14th— ^5,  48,  49,  53;  15th— 63, 
64,  65,  66,  67,  68,  69 ;  16th — 76,  77 ;  17th 
— 93;  18th — 99;  19th — ^113;  20th,  128; 
21st — 135,  150;  22d— 142,  145,  150,  151, 
152;  23d — 157,  161;  24th — 164,  165; 
25th— 173,  180  181;  26th — 183,  188; 
27th — 191,  192,  193;  28th — 200,  201, 
202  ;  29th — 209,  210  ;  Extra  sessions  of, 
I,  244,  283;  II,  8th— 54,  57,  61,  62; 
9th — 71,  73,  74  ;  III,  26th — 188  ;  mem- 
bers of,  459  to  524. 

Generals,  see  brigadier,  major. 

Geological  growth,  I,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8, 
9,  10,  11,  15. 

Geological  Survey,  I,  278 ;  III,  9,  10,  165, 
458. 

Geologists,  State,  III,  458. 

Gettysburg,  Battle  of,  II,  98,  99. 

Giant,  see  Cardiff. 

Giard-Basil,  I,  116,  129. 

Gilbert,  Jas.  I.,  II,  289,  290,  291,  292,  293, 
341;  IV,  102. 

Gilbertson,  Gilbert  S.,  IV,  102. 

Gill,  Geo.  B.,  I,  375,  379,  381 ;  II,  2,  5. 

Gillette,  Edward  H.,  IV,  102. 

Gllman,  Chas.  C.,  IV,  103. 

Given,  Josiah,  IV,  103,  104 ;  Welker,  104. 

Glacial  drift,  see  soile. 


Glaciers,  I,  6,  7,  9. 

Glasgow,  Sam'l  L.,  II,  265,  267,  268;  IV, 
104. 

"  Glimpse  of  Iowa,"  Newhall,  I,  220,  221. 

Godfrey,  Geo.  L.,  IV,  104,  105. 

Gold  democrat  convention.  III,  189. 

Golden  Circle,  see  knights. 

Goode,  Philip  H.,  II,  410. 

Goodrell,  Stewart,  IV,  105,  106. 

Gopher,  value  of,  to  soils,  I,  8. 

Gorrell,  Joseph  R.,  IV,  106. 

Governor,  Acts  concerning,  II,  102. 

Governors,  see  Boies,  Briggs,  C.  C.  Car- 
penter, Chambers,  Jas.  Clarke,  Cum- 
mins, Drake,  Gear,  Grimes,  Hemp- 
stead, Jackson,  Kirkwood,  Larrabee, 
Lowe,  Lucas,  Merrill,  Newbold,  L. 
M.  Shaw,  B.  R.  Sherman,  W.  M. 
Stone. 

Go\ernors,  Council  of  war,  II,  77,  78; 
of  state.  III,  449 ;  of  territory,  441 ; 
messages,  see  also  messages. 

Governor's  Grays,  II,  52. 

Gower,  James  Q.,  II,  368,  371 ;  IV,  106. 

Graham,  Harvey,  11,  260,  262,   263;   IV, 

.      106. 

Grand  Army  of  Republic,  III,  277,  278, 
279,   280,   457. 

Grange,  III,  55,  56,  57,  58,  59,  67,  71,  76, 
90,  107,  148;  law,  66,  68,  70,  77,  93,  94. 

Granger,  Barlow,  IV,  106,  107;  Chas.  T.. 
107 ;  Gorden,  see  Fort  Gaines,  Mo- 
bile. 

Grant,  James,  I,  269 ;  IV,  107,  108 ;  Ulys- 
ses S.  at  Des  Moines,  IH,  74,  75,  76, 
see  also  Belmont,  Champion's  Hill, 
Chattanooga,  Donelson,  Henry,  luka, 
Vicksburg. 

Grants  of  land,  see  land. 

Grasshoppers,  Visitation  of.  III,  19,  20, 
55,  56. 

Graves,  Julius  K.,  IV,  108. 

Gray-beard  regiment,  see  37th  infantry. 

Greenback  party  conventions.  III,  1876 
— 78,  79;  1877—89;  1878 — 96;  1879— 
97,  98;  1880—100;  1881 — 108;  1SS2— 
122;  1883—126;  1885—135;  1886-137- 
1889 — 155. 

Greene,  George,  IV,  108,  109. 

Greene  county.  III,  349,  350. 

Grierson,  Benj.  H.,  II,  389. 

Grierson's  raid,  II,  376,  377,  378. 

Griflath,  Joseph,  II,  260. 

Grimes,  Jas.  W.,  I,  188,  223.  271.  274,  275. 
276,  278,  279.  281,  283,  286,  312,  328.  329, 


312 


HISTORY 


354,  362,  363,  367 ;  II,  49,  79,  102 ;  III, 
23,  24,  29,  225,  264  ;  IV,  109,  110. 

Grimes  county.  III,  350. 

Grinnell,  Josiah  B.,  Ill,  1,  2,  17  ;  IV,  111. 

Grinnell  tornado.  III,  119,  120,  121,  122. 

Grundy  county.  III,  350,  351. 

Gue,  Benj.  F.,  I,  367;  III,  1,  4,  5,  26; 
IV,  111,  112;  David  J.,  II,  26,  29; 
IV,  112,  113. 

Guilbert,  Edward  A.,  IV,  113. 

Guittar,  Francis,  IV,  113,  114. 

Gurley,  Wm.  H.  F.,  IV,  114. 

Guthrie  county.  III,  351,  352. 

Gypsum,  III,  43,  44,  289,  290. 

Haddock,  Geo.  C,  III,  138,  139. 

Hager,  A.  L.,  IV,  114. 

Half-breed  reservation,  I,  78,  154,  169, 
170,  171,  172. 

Hall,  Augustus,  IV,  114,  115  ;  Benton  J., 
115;  James,  III.  10,  36,  37,  40;  Jona- 
than C,  IV,  115,  116. 

Halleok,  Henry  W.,  see  Corinth. 

Ham,  Moses  M.,'  IV,  116. 

Hamilton,    John   T.,   IV,   116;    Wm.   W., 

1,  285,  286;  IV,  117. 
Hamilton  county.  III,  352,  353. 
Hammond,  Wm.   G.,   IV,  117,  118. 
Hancock  county,  III,  353,  354. 
Hanna,  Philip  C,  IV,  118. 
Hardin  county.  III,  354,  355,  356. 
Hare,  Abraham  M.,  II,  195. 

Harlan,  Ann  E.,  II,  420,  421;  James,  I, 
243,  278,  279,  280,  286;   II,  49,  79,  127; 

III,  8.  23,  45,  46.  47,  48,  76,  77,  182,  183, 
190,  225,  236,  264  ;  IV,  118,  119. 

Harper's  Ferry,  Brown's  raid  on,  II,  1, 

2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10,  30,  31 ;  confed- 
erates in  raid,  23 ;  investigation  of 
raid,  23,  24,  25 ;  preparations  for  raid, 
2 ;  Iowa  men  in  raid,  see  J.  G.  An- 
derson, Coppoc,  Gill,  Taylor. 

Harriman,  W.  F.,  IV,  120. 
Harrison  county.  III,  356,  357. 
Hartshorn,  Elden  J.,  IV,  120. 
Hartsville,  Battle  of,  II,  252,  253. 
Hastings,   Serranus  C.,  I,  188,  218,  221; 

IV,  120,  121. 

Hatch,  Edward,  II,  373,  374,  375,  376.  377, 

378;  IV,  121. 
Hatton,  Frank,  IV,  121,  122. 
Haugen,  Gilbert  N.,  IV,  122. 
Hawkeye,  T,  178. 
Hayden,  Mortimer  M.,  II,  410. 
Hayes,  Walter  I.,  IV,  122. 
Hays,  Edward  R.,  IV,  122. 


Hayward,  Wm.  C,  IV,  122. 

Hazlett,   Albert,   see  Harper's  Ferry. 

Head,  Albert,  III,  135 ;  IV,  123. 

Heads  of  U.  S.  departments.  III,  524. 

Health,  Board  of.  III,  459. 

Healy,  Thos.  D.,  IV,  123. 

Heath,  Herman  H.,  II,  401,  402. 

Hebard,  Alfred,  IV,  124. 

Hedge,  Thomas,  IV,  124. 

Hedrick,  John  M.,  II,  215,  216,  218,  219; 

IV,  124,  125. 
Helena,  Battle  of,  II,  325,  326,  327. 
Hemenway,  Herman  C.,  IV,  125. 
Hempstead,  Stephen,  I,  188,  201,  212,  219, 

246,  263,   264,   269,   275;    III,   264;   IV, 
125,  126. 

Hendershott,  Henry  B.,  IV,  126. 
Henderson,   David  B.,   II,   407;   IV,  126, 

127;    Paris   P.,   127;    Stephen   H.,    II, 

407. 
Hendricks,   Joel  B.,   IV,  127. 
Hf.nn,   Bernhart,  IV,  128. 
Hennepin,  Louis,  I,  39,  40,  102. 
Henry  county.  III,  357,  358. 
Henry,  Fort,  II,  137. 
Hepburn,  Wm.  P.,  II,  377,  378;  IV,  128, 

129. 
Herriott,   Isaac  H.,  I,  296,  297,  298,  299; 

John,  III,  207,  209  ;  IV,  129. 
Herron,  Francis  J.,  II,  52,  135,  179,  181, 

183,  184,  188,  239,  240,  241,  242,  243,  244. 

247,  248,  331,  354;  IV,  129,  130. 
Hewett,  Sumner  B.,  IV,  130. 
Hildreth,  Azro  B.  F.,  IV,  130,  131. 
Hill,  Gershom  H.,  IV,  131 ;  Sylvester  G., 

II,  337,  342,  343:   IV,  131. 

Hill,  Fort,  II,  229,  230. 

Hillis,  David  B.,  II,  229;  IV,  131,  132. 

Hilsinger,  John,  IV,  132. 

Hindman,  Fort,  II,  285. 

Hiuton,  Richard  J.,  I,  375. 

Historical  department.  III,  161,  165,  283. 
284,  458;   building,  184. 

Historical  society.  III,  276.  277. 

Hobson,  Alfred  N.,  IV,  132. 

Holmes,  Adoniram  J.,  IV,  132,  133 ;  Wm. 
H.,  133. 

Home  guards,  II,  69. 

Homes  for  soldiers'  orphans,  see  sol- 
diers. 

Homestead  law,  I,  258,  389. 

Homesteaders,  I,  389,  390,  391,  392. 

Hooker,   Joseph,    see   Resaca. 

Hornet's  Nest,  II,  209. 


OF  IOWA 


313 


Horr,  Asa,  IV,  133. 

Horse   thieves,   I,   331,   332,   333,   334,   335, 

340. 
Horticultural   society,   HI,   282,   283,   456. 
Horton,  Chas.  C,  IV,  133,  134. 
Hospers,  Henry,  IV,  134. 
Hough,  Emersou,  IV,  134. 
House  of  Representatives,   see  Legisla- 
tive Assembly. 
Hov.'ard,  Noel  B.,  IV,  135 ;  Oliver  O.,  see 

Chattanooga,   Resaca. 
Howard  county,  III,  358,  359. 
Howe,   Orlando   C,   IV,   135,   136;    Sam'l 

A.,  136. 
Howe  family,  I,  296,  297,  300,  302. 
Howell,  Jas.  B.,  IV,  136,  137. 
Hubbard,  Asahel  W.,  II,  58,  69 ;  III,  22 ; 

IV,  137;   Elbert  H.,  137;   Nath'l   M., 

137,  138. 
Hudson,  Silas  A.,  IV,  13S. 
Hudson's  Bay  company,  I,  45. 
Hughes,  David  H.,    II,   353,   354;    Joseph 

C,  IV,  138,  139. 
Hugo,  Victor,  on  John  Brown,  II.  31. 
Hull,  John  A.  T.,  Ill,  135,  137,  142;  IV, 

139. 
Humboldt  county.  III,  359,  360,  361. 
Humphreys,  W.  B.,  Ill,  196. 
Hunter,  Geo.   D.,   II,  202;   John  D.,   IV, 

139,  140. 
Hurley,  Jas.  S.,  IV,  140. 
Hutchins,  Stilson,  IV,  140,  141. 
Hutchinson,  Jos.  G.,  IV,  141. 
Ida  county.  III,  361,  362. 
Illinois  Indians,  I,  31,  37,  64,  65,  66,  73. 
Illinois  Territory,  I,  141,  182. 
Immigration,  Board  of.  III,  30,  458. 
Impeachment  of  Pres.  Johnson,  attitude 

of  congressmen  on.  III,  22,  23. 
Inaugural   address.   Boles,   III,  160,   161, 

165 ;    Larrabee,    142,    143 ;    Cummins, 

209,  210. 
Indemnity,    to    settlers    on    Des    Moines 

river   land   grant,    HI,   235,   237,   238, 

239,  243,  244,  245,  246,   247;    fund,   see 

Des     Moines     river     lands,     swamp 

lands 
Indian  agencies.  Inspector  of.  III,  529. 
Indian   agents.   III,  529. 
Indian    treaties   with   U.    S.,    Chippewa, 

I,  99;  Delaware,  143;  Fox,  76,  77,  78, 

87,  88,  95,  96,  99,  100,  106,  144,  169,  184, 

208 ;    Iowa,    70,    144 ;    Kickapoo,    144 ; 

Omaha,  144  ;  Osage,  144  ;  Ottawa,  99  ; 

Pottawattamie,  99,  100,  101,  144,  229; 


Sac,  75,  76,  77,  78,  87,  88,  95,  96,  99, 
100,  106,  144,  169,  184,  208;  Sioux,  59, 
95,  96,  104,  144,  184;  Winnebago,  87. 
95,  96,  100;  Wyandot,  143. 

Indian  tribes,  see  Algonquin,  Chicasaw, 
Chippewa,  Dakota,  Delaware,  Fox, 
Illinois,  Iowa,  Iroquois,  Kickapoo, 
Mascoutine,  Miama,  Missouri,  Mus- 
quakie,  Omaha,  Osage,  Ottawa,  Ot- 
toe.  Pawnee,  Pottawattamie,  Sac, 
Sioux,  Sisseton,  Winnebago,  Wyan- 
dot. 

Indiana  Territory,  I,  144,  182. 

Industrial  schools.  III,  139,  202,  275. 

Infantry  regiments,  II,  1st — 53,  54,  131, 
132,  133,  134,  135,  136;  2d — 136,  137, 
138,  139,  140;  3d — 141.  142,  143,  144, 
145;  4th— 145,  146.  147,  148,  149,  150, 
151  ;  5th — 153,  154,  155,  156,  157,  158, 
159;  6th — IfiO,  161,  162,  163,  164,  165; 
7th— 167,  168,  169,  170,  171,  172,  173; 
Sth — 173,  174,  175,  176,  177,  178;  9th — 
179,  180,  181,  182,  183,  184,  185,  186,  187, 
188;  10th— 188,  189,  190,  191,  192,  193, 
194;  nth — 195,  196,  197,  198;  12th— 
199,  200,  201,  202,  203;  13th — 205,  206, 
207,  208;  14th— 208,  209,  210,  211,  212, 
213;  15th — ^215,  216,  217,  218,  219;  16th 
— 219,  220,  221,  222,  223;  17th — 225, 
226,  227,  228,  229,  230,  231,  232;  18th — 
232,  233,  234,  235,  236,  237;  19th— 239, 
240,  241,  242,  243,  244,  245;  20th— 245, 
246,  247,  248,  249,  250;  21st — 251,  252, 
253,  254,  255,  256,  257;  22d— 257,  258, 
259,  260,  261,  262,  263;  23d — 265,  266, 
267,  268,  269;  24th — 269,  270,  271.  272, 
273.  274.  275,  276.  277;  25th — 279,  280, 
£81,  282,  283;  26th — 283,  284,  285,  286, 
2S7:  27th— 289,  290,  291,  292.  293;  28th 
— 293,  294,  295,  296,  297,  298;  29th — 
299,  .300,  301,  302,  303;  30th — 304,  305, 
306,  307,  308,  309;  31st — 311,  312,  313, 
314,  315  ■;  32d — 315,  316,  317,  318,  319, 
320,  321.  322,  323;  33d — 325,  326,  327, 
328,  329;  34th— 329,  330,  331,  332,  333, 
334,  335;  35th — 337,  338,  .339,  340,  341, 
342,  343;  36th — 343,  344,  345,  346,  347, 
348,  349;  37th— 351.  352.  353;  38th — 
353,  354,  355;  o9th — 355,  356,  357,  358. 
359;  40th— 361,  362,  363,  364,  365,  366; 
44th — 407;  45th — 406;  46th — 407;  47th 
— 407.  408;  48th — 408;  Colored  regi- 
ment. 366.  367;  III,  49th— 195 ;  51st 
—194;  52d— 194. 


314 


HISTOEY 


lEgham,  Harvey,  IV,  141,  142 ;  S.  R.,  II, 
71,  75 ;  Wm.  H.,  IV,  142. 

Inheritance  tax,  III,  184. 

Ink-pa-du-tah,  I,  291,  292,  293,  297,  302, 
324,  327. 

In-sane  hospitals.  III,  21,  31,  139,  273,  274. 

Inspector-General,  II,  161;  III,  455. 

Inspectors,  see  Indian  agencies,  oil, 
mine. 

Interest,  Legal  rate  of.  III,  161. 

Investigating  committee  on  State  Treas- 
ury, III,  54,  55 ;  on  Agricultural 
College,  63,  64,  65. 

Investigation  of  Harper's  Ferry  raid, 
.see  Harper's  Ferry. 

Iowa,  Admission  of,  I,  213 ;  Battalion, 
II,  217;  brigades,  152,  196,  197,  198, 
207,  216,  217,  218,  219,  220,  221,  280,  281, 
282,  308,  314;  discovery  of,  30;  Dis- 
trict, 162,  163,  165,  173;  first  white 
settler  in,  109;  Indians,  64,  65,  66, 
67,  68.  69,  70,  71,  94,  104,  120,  148,  151 ; 
men  in  Kansas  war,  376 ;  origin  of 
name,  67 ;  semi-centennial  celebra- 
tion of  admission  of.  III,  184,  185 ; 
treaty   embracing,   75. 

Iowa  City,  I,  196,  197,  198,  206,  207,  210, 
222,  351. 

Iowa  County,  I,  166 ;  III,  362,  363. 

Iowa  river  improvement,  I,  237,  240. 

Iowa  territory,  I,  165,  166,  182,  185,  186, 
213,  220,  221. 

Irish,  John  P.,  IV,  142,  143. 

Iron  Brigade,  II,  210,  211,  212. 

Iroquois  Indians,  I,  64,  65,  73,  74. 

Irwin,  John  N.,  IV,  143. 

Isbell,  Norman  W.,  IV,  143,  144. 

Island  Number  Ten,  II,  189. 

luka,  Battle  of,  II,  155,  156,  157,  220,  225, 
226. 

Ives,  Chas.  J.,  IV,  144. 

Jackson,  D.  V.,  Ill,  194,  196;  Frank  D., 
171,  173,  177,  182  ;  IV,  144,  145. 

Jackson  county,  III,  363,  364,  365. 

Jackson,  Siege  and  battles  of,  II,  162, 
163. 

Jarote,  Dr.,  I,  156. 

Jas^per  county.  III,  365,  366. 

Jefferson  county.  III,  366,  367. 

Jenkin's  Ferry,  Battle  of,  II,  363,  364, 
365. 

Jennings,  Berryman,  I,  153,  158 ;  IV,  145. 

Johnson,  J.  C,  I,  311,  314,  315,  316,  317. 

Johnson  county,  I,  183 ;  III,  367,  368. 


Johnston,   Edward,   I,  169,  201,  204,  221; 

III,  167;  IV,  145,  146. 

Joliet,  Louis,  I,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33.  34,  35, 

36,  37,  38. 
Jones,  George  W.,  I,  173,  178,  182,  248,  252, 

262,  271,  364;   II,  84,  85,  86;   IV,  146, 

147;  Junius  A.,  II,  409. 
Jones  county.  III,  368,  369,  370. 
Joy,  Edmund  L.,  IV,  147;  Wm.  L.,  147, 

148. 
Judge-Advocates-General,  III,  455. 
Judges,   state  courts.   III,   441,   450,    451, 

452,  453,  454;   U.    S.   courts,  524,  525; 

see  also  district,  directory,  supreme, 

United  States. 
Judicial  districts,  I,  241. 
Junkin,    Joseph   M.,    IV,   148;    Wm.   W., 

IV,  148,  149. 

Kagi,  .John  H.,  see  Harper's  Ferry. 
Kamrer,  John  L.,  IV,  149. 
Kanesville,  see  Council  Bluffs. 
Kasson,  John  A.,  II,  16,  42,  43;  III,  32, 

80,  85,  126.  129,  130,  204;  IV,  149,  150, 

151. 
Keables,  Benj.  F.,  IV,  151. 
Kearny,  S.  W.,  I,  161,  162. 
Keatley,  John  H.,  IV,  151,  152. 
Keeler,  Wm.  B.,  II,  337,  338,  343. 
Kellogg,  Racine  D.,  II,  55  ;  IV,  152. 
Kelly,  John  C,  IV,  153. 
Keokuk,  chief,  I,  78,  85,  87,  88,  89,  90,  92. 
Keokuk  county,  I,  183 ;  III,  370.  371. 
Keokuk,  reserve,  I,  87,  90;  town  of,  152, 

153,  222. 
Kerr,  Daniel,  IV,  153. 
Ketchum,  Harriet  A.,  IV,  153. 
Keyes,  Chas.  R.,  IV,  154. 
Kickapoo  Indians,  I,  65,  74. 
Kilburn,  Lucian  M.,  IV,  154. 
Kincaid,  Geo.  W.,  II,  351,  352. 
King,  John,  IV,  155  ;  Wm.  F.,  155,  156. 
Kinne,  La  Vega  G.,  Ill,  109,  113,  165,  197 ; 

IV,  156. 
Kinney,  John  F.,  IV,  156. 
Kinsman,  Wm.  H.,  II,  255,  265,  266;  IV, 

157. 
Kirkwood,  Sam'l  J.,  I,  357,  364,  366,  367, 

370,  371 ;  II,  2,  15,  16,  17,  19,  20,  21,  33, 

34,  49,  50,  51,  52,  53,  54,  55,  58,  61,  62. 

63,  64,  65,  67,  71,  73,  74,  77,  78,  87,  94, 

100,  101;  III,  8,  72,  73,  76,  77,  85,  86. 

108,  113 ;  IV,  157,  158. 
Kishkekosh,  chief,  I,  92,  93. 
Kishkekosh  county.  III,  371,  872. 


OF  IOWA 


315 


Kittridge,  Chas.  W.,  II,  327,  344,  345,  346, 
348;  IV,  15S,  159. 

Krapp,  Joseph  C,  IV,  159. 

Knights  of  Golden  Circle,  II,  84,  86,  87. 
91.  116. 

Knoepfler,  John  B.,  IV,  159. 

Knoll.  Fred'k  M..  IV,  159,  160. 

Kossuth  county.   III,  372,  373. 

Labor  party  conventions.  III,  1887 — 137 ; 
1888—153;  1889—155;  1890—162. 

Lacey.  John  F..  II,  178 ;  IV,  160. 

Ladd,  Scott  M.,  IV,  160,  161. 

Lake,  Jed,  II,  292,  293  ;  III,  141 ;  IV,  161. 

Land  grant,  see  Agricultural  college, 
Chouteau,  Des  Moines  river,  Du- 
buque, Giard.  railroad,  river  im- 
provement, schools,  state  univer- 
sity. Tesson. 

Land  office.  State,  I,  278 ;  III,  450 ;  of 
United  States,  441,  442.  527,  528. 

Lands,  Half-breed,  see  half-breed  reser- 
vation. 

Lane,  Jas.  T.,  IV,  161,  162;  Joseph  R., 
162. 

Langworthy,  James  L.,  I,  155,  156.  157 ; 
IV,  162.  163;  Lucius  H..  I,  155.  157; 
IV,  162,  163. 

Larrabee,  Wm.,  Ill,  95,  135,  137,  142,  143, 
144,  145.  147.  149.  158.  159.  160.  161.  197 ; 
IV,  163. 

La  Salle.  Cavalier  de.  I,  39,  40.  41.  42. 

Lathrop,  Henry  W.,  IV,  163,  164. 

Lauman.  Jacob  G..  II,  138,  162,  163,  167, 
168,  169,  170;  IV,  164. 

Ijawraakers,  see  directory,   pioneer. 

Laws,  see  claim,  acts  general  assem- 
blies, grange,  women. 

Lea,  Albert  M.,  I,  161.  162,  163,  164,  165, 
195  ;  IV,  164,  165. 

Lead  mines,  see  Dubuque. 

Leake,  Joseph  B.,  II,  242.  243.  245,  246, 
248,  249,  332 ;  IV,  165,  166. 

Le  Claire,  Antoine,  I,  67,  160 ;  IV,  166. 

Lee,  Henry  W.,  IV,  166,  167;  Robt.  E., 
see  Army  of  Potomac. 

Lee  county.  III,  373,  374,  375. 

Leffingwell  .Wm.  E..  I,  269. 

Leffler,  Shephard.  I,  212.  217;  IV,  167. 

Legislative  Assembly.  I,  186,  1st — 188. 
189,  190.  191,  192;  2d — 201,  202,  203; 
3d— 205,  206;  4th— 208  ;  5th— 210  ;  6th 
— 211;  7th— 218;  8th — 219;  III,  442, 
443,  444,  445,  446,  447 ;  extra  session  of, 
I,  203,  211. 


Legislative  Assembly,   Michigan,   I,  173. 
Legislative  Assembly,  Wisconsin,  I,  169, 

170,  174,  176,  177,  178,  182.  183;  extra 

sessions,  184. 
Legislative  control  of  corporations,  III, 

209,  210 ;  see  also  barbed  wire,  drive 

wells,  railroads. 
Legislature,  see  legislative  and  general 

assemblies. 
Legislature,  First,  I,  155,  156. 
Lesueur,  I,  42,  109. 
Letcher,  Governor,  II,  17.  21,  23. 
Letter  of  Kirkwood  to  peace  convention, 

II,  49,  50. 

Letter  of  warning,  II,  2,  24,  25.  26.  27.  28. 

29,  30. 
Leverett,  Frank,  IV,  167;  168. 
Lewelling,  Lorenzo  D.,  IV,  168. 
Lewis,  Warner,  IV,  168,  169;  W.  R.,  169; 

Meriweather,    see    Lewis    and    Clark 

expedition. 
Lewis  and  Clark  expedition,  I,  103.  118, 

119,  120,  121,  122,  123,  124. 
Librarians  of  state.  III,  457,  458 :  of  ter- 
ritory, 442. 

Libraries,  Act  to  tax  for  support  of.  III, 

48  ;  public,  202. 
Library,  I,  257 ;  commission  on,  III,  202 ; 

state,  202. 
License  law.  Ill,  160.  161. 
Lieatenant-General.    Act    creating    rank 

of.  II,  111. 
Lieutenant-Governor,  Origin  of  office,  I, 

354. 
Lieutenant-Governors,  III,  449  ;  see  also 

Bestow,  Bulls,  F.  T.  Campbell,  Dun- 

gan,  Dysart,  Eastman.  Faville,  B.  F. 

Gue,    J.     Herriott,    Hull,     Manning, 

Milliman,    Needham,    Newbold,    Par- 

rott,  Poyneer,  Rusch.  Scott,  Walden. 
Lincoln,  Abraham,  I,  81 ;   II,  43,  48,  50, 

51,  52,  71,  77,  78,  SO,  84,  92,  97,  115,  118, 

120,  122,  124,  125,  126,  127,  172  ;  Jas.  R., 

III,  194  ;  IV,  169. 
Llnderman.  Charles,  IV,  169,  170. 
Linn  county.  III,  375,  376,  377. 

Liquor  traffic,  I,  177,  243,  279;  see  also 
prohibitory,  mulct. 

Lisa.  Fort,  I,  147. 

Little  Rock,  II,  370,  371. 

Loan  and  savings  companies,  III,  184. 

Local  option,  see  license. 

Location  of  capital,  see  capital,  commis- 
sion. 

Loess,  I,  8 ;  see  also  soils. 


316 


HISTORY 


Logan,    John    A.,    see    Champion's    Hill, 

Resaca,  Vicksburg. 
Long,  Major  S.  H.,  I,  146,  147,  148,  149. 
Lookout  Mountain,  Battle  of,  II,  150. 
Loper,  John  C,  IH,  196. 
Loras,  Mathias,  IV,  170. 
Lott,  Henry,  I,  2S9,  290,  291,  292. 
Loughridge,  Wm.,  HI,  22 ;  IV,  170. 
Louisa  county.  III,  377,  37S. 
Louisiana    purchase.    Acquisition    of,    I, 

55,  56 ;  extent,  56,  57,  59 ;  exposition, 

III,  210;  French  in,  I,  26,  59; 
Spanish  in,  21,  25,  51,  55 ;  states  in- 
cluded in,  56 ;  value  of,  57 ;  explora- 
tions of,  see  also  explorations. 

Louisiana  Territory,  I,  40,  41,  43,  44,  55, 

56,  117,  118.  133,  142. 
Love,  Jas.  M.,  IV,  170,  171. 

Lowe,  Enos,  I,  227,  263;  IV,  171;  Ralph 
P.,  I,  212,  216,  221,  252,  355 ;  II,  15,  62  ; 

IV,  171,  172;  Wm.  W.,  II,  391,  392, 
393. 

Lowry,  Robert,  I,  281. 

Lucas,   Robert,  I,  187,  188,  189,  190,  191, 

192,  194,  197,  201,  202,  205,  206,  207,  212, 

232,  236 ;  IV,  172. 
Lucas  county.  III,  378,  379. 
Lyman,  Joseph,  IV,  172. 
Lynchings,  I,  340,  341,  342,  343,  344,  345, 

346,  347,  348. 
Lyon,   Orlo  H.,  II,  410;   Nathaniel,   see 

Wilson's  Creek. 
Lyon  county.  III,  379,  380. 
McArthur,  Wm.  C,  IV,  173. 
McCarthy,  Cornelius  G.,  IV,  173. 
McClain,  Emil,  IV,  173,  174. 
McCleary,  Geo.  W.,  I,  219. 
McClellan,  Geo.  B.,  II,  120,  122,  124. 
McClernand,  John  A.,  see  Arkansas  Post, 

Black  River  Bridge,  Donelson,  Vicks- 
burg. 
McCoid,  Moses  A.,  IV,  174. 
McCollough,  Canada,  I,  349,  350. 
McCrary,  Geo.  W.,  I,  360,  366,  367;  III, 

76,  81,  82,  85,  98,  109,  110 ;  IV,  174,  175. 
McDill,    James   W.,    II.   6,    7;    HI,   108, 

113  ;  IV,  175,  176. 
McDowell,  John  A.,  II,  160,  161,  162. 
McParland,  Sam'l,  I,  286. 
McGee,  W.  J.,  IV,  176. 
McJunkin,  John  F.,  IV,  176,  177. 
McKean,    John,    IV,  177. 
McMillan,  Horace  G.,  IV,  177. 
McNutt,  Samuel,  IV,  178. 


McPherson,  Smith,  IV,  178  ;  Jas.  B.,  see 

Champion's  Hill,  Resaca. 
McVey,  Alfred  H.,  IV,  178,  179. 
Mackay,  Cyrus  H.,  II,  325,  327,  328,  363; 

IV,  179. 
Madison  county.  III,  380,  381,  382. 
Madison,  Fort,  I,  77,  85,  91,  135,  136,  137, 

153;  town  of,  158,  221. 
Ma  goon,  Geo.  F.,  IV,  179. 
Mahaska,  chief,  I,  68,  69,  70,  71. 
Mahaska  county,  III,  382,  383. 
Mahin,  John,  IV,  179,  180. 
Mahoney,  Dennis  A.,  II,  86  ;  IV,  180,  181. 
Major-General,  see  Curtis,  G.  M.  Dodge, 
Herron,    Steele ;    Vrevet    major-gen- 
eral, see  Belknap,  Corse,  W.  L.  El- 
liott, Hatch,  Vandever. 
Maliory,  Smith  H.,  Ill,  185 ;  IV,  181. 
Manning,   Edwin,   IV,  301;   Orlando   H., 

Ill,  109,  113,  126,  128  ;  IV,  181. 
Manufactures,  III,  289. 
Mcrais,  Chevalier,  I,  151. 
Marble,    Mrs.    Margaret   A.,    I,   301,    302, 

323,  324,  325. 
Marble  family,  I,  296,  301. 
Marion  county.  III,  383,  384. 
Markham,    Morris,    I,   296,   302,    303,   304, 

306,  309,  312. 
Mark's  Mills,  Battle  of,  II,  346,  347,  348. 
Marquette,  Jacques,   I,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33, 

34,  35,  36,  37 ;  IV,  181,  182,  183. 
Marshall  county.  III,  384,  385,  386. 
Marshals,   U.    S.   of   territory.    III,   441; 

state,  525. 
Martin,  Wm.  B.,  IV,  183. 
Mascoutines  Indians,  I,  65,  66,  94,  106. 
Mason,  Charles,  I,  172,  199,  243,  246;  II, 
62,  64;  IV,  183,  184;  Edward  R.,  184; 
W^m.  E.,  185. 
Massacre,    see    Minnesota,    Spirit   Lake, 

Springfield. 
Matson,  Sylvester  G.,  IV,  185. 
Matthies,   Chas.  L.,  II,  52,  153,  154,  156, 

157,  192,  193,  307 ;  IV,  185,  186. 
Mattocks  family,  I,  296,  297,  298,  299. 
Maxson,  Wra.,  I,  377. 
IVfaxwell,  J.  N.,  I,  313,  314,  316 ;  Sara  B.. 

IV,  186. 
Meade,   Geo.  G.,  see  Gettysburg. 
Meadows,  River  of,  see  Mississippi. 
Melendy,  Peter,  IV,  186,  187. 
Merrill,   Nath'l  A.,   IV,  187;   Sam'l,   II, 
251,  252.  253,  255,  256;  III,  17,  21,  26, 
29,  34;  IV,  187,  188. 


OF  IOWA 


317 


Merritt,  William  H.,  II,  53,  63,  132 ;  IV, 
188. 

Merry,   John  F.,  IV,  189. 

MesEsippi,   see  Mississippi. 

Meservey,  Stillman  T.,  IV,  189. 

Messages  of  governors,  Boies,  III,  173 ; 
Briggs,  I,  244,  263;  Carpenter,  III, 
63 ;  Chambers,  I,  206,  211 ;  Clarke, 
219,  220;  Grimes,  286,  328,  329,  354, 
362,  363;  Hempstead,  269,  275;  Kirk- 
wood,  II,  20,  55,  56,  65,  74,  100;  Lar- 
rabee.  III,  144,  158,  159,  160 ;  Lucas,  I, 
188,  189,  201,  202;  Shaw,  III,  201; 
Sherman,  130;  Stone,  5,  20. 

Methodist  church,  I,  158. 

Metzgar,  George,  IV,  189,  190. 

Mexican  War,  Iowa  in,  I,  224,  225,  226. 

Meyer,  John,  IV,  190. 

Meyers,  J.  Fred.,  IV,  190,  191. 

Miami  Indians,  I,  65,  74. 

Micliigan  Territory,  I,  144,  173,  182. 

Miles,  Lewis,  IV,  191. 

Military  expenditure,  III,  5. 

Military  officers.  III,  455. 

Military  secretaries  to  governor.  III,  455. 

Militia,  II,  57,  58,  75,  76,  89,  94,  112,  113, 
114,  115;  law,  56,  75,  102;  officers  of, 
sec  colonels. 

Millard,  A.  J.,  II.  69,  76. 

Miller,  Dan'l  F.,  I,  221,  251,  252,  259,  260  ; 
IV,  191;  Sam'l  F.,  I,  351;  IV,  191, 
192 ;  Wm.  E.,  II,  294  ;  IV,  192,  193. 

Mllliman,  Jas.  C,  III,  190,  191,  201 ;  IV, 
193. 

Mills.  Fred'k  D.,  I,  217,  224,  225;  IV, 
193,  194;  Noah  W.,  194;  Oliver,  194, 
195. 

Mills  county,  III,  386,  387. 

Mine  inspectors.  III,  458 ;  act  creating 
olflce  of,  135. 

Mineral  resources,  III,  289,  290. 

Miners'  Bank,  sec  bank. 

Miners'  Express,  see  Dubuque  Visitor. 

Mines  of  Spain,  see  Dubuque  lead  mines. 

Ministers  to  foreign  countries.  III,  525. 

Minnesota  Massacre,  II,  69,  70,  71. 

.Mississippi  river,  canal,  I,  253 ;  III,  85  : 
discovery  of,  I,  23,  30 ;  navigation  of. 
49,  51,  52,  53,  54,  55,  141,  112,  144; 
origin  of  name,  26,  27 ;  prehistoric,  4 ; 
various  names  of,  23,  40,  41 ;  see  also 
explorations. 

Mississippi  valley,  settlements  in,  I,  42, 
43,  44,  51,  52,  53. 


Missouri,   boundary  dispute,   I,  145,  146, 

178,  180,  193,  194,  195,  203,  265;   slope, 

acquisition  of,  184. 
Missouri  Indians,  I.  64,  120,  147,  148. 
Missouri   river,   I,   4,   41 ;    navigation  of 

146,    147 ;    exploration    of,    see    also 

Lewis  and  Clark. 
Missouri  Territory,  I,  144,  145,  155. 
Mitchell,   Thos.,   IV,  195;   Wm.   O..   Ill, 

165 ;  IV,  195. 
Mitchell  county.  III,  387,  388,  389. 
Mobile,  Capture  of,  II,  176,  177,  178. 
Moffett,  Chas.  P.,  I,  375. 
Moningona  River,  see  also  Des  Moines. 
Monona  county.  III,  389,  390. 
Monopolies,   Legislative    control   of,    see 

drive  well,  barbed  wire,  railroads. 
Monroe  City,  I,  246,  257. 
Monroe  county.   III,  390. 
Montgomery  county.  III,  390,  391. 
Monuments,  see  Floyd,  Shiloh,  Soldiers', 

Spirit  Lake,  Vicksburg. 
Moore,  Sam'l  A.,  II,  94 ;  IV,  195,  196. 
Morgan,  James  M.,  I,  210,  218. 
Morgan,  Fort,  II,  333,  334. 
Morledge,  John  R.,  II,  57,  58. 
Mormon  colonies,  I,  230,  232,  233,  234,  235, 

236,  237. 
Mormons  in  Iowa,  I,  231,  232,  233,  234,  235, 

236,  237. 
Moscow,  Battle  near,  II,  236. 
Mound  builders,  I,  16,  17,  18,  19.  20. 
Mounds,  prehistoric,  I,  15,  16,  17,  18,  19. 
Mount  Pleasant  Greys,  II,  52. 
Mowry,  Welcome,  IV,  196. 
Mulct  law,  III,  180. 
Mullan,  Chas.  W.,  IV,  197. 
Murdock,  Samuel,  IV,  197. 
Murphey,   Jeremiah  H.,  IV,  197,  1!)8. 
Murphy,   John  S.,   IV,  198. 
Mufcatine  county.  III,  391,  392,  393. 
Muscatine,  tovi^n  of,  see  Bloomington. 
Musquakie  Indians,  I,  73,  93,  94,  104,  105, 

290. 
Naming  of  Iowa,  I,  165,  166. 
Narvaez,  Panfilo,  I,  20,  21,  22. 
Nash,  John  A.,  IV,  198. 
Nashville,  Battle  of,  II,  339,  340,  341,  342, 

343. 
National  banks,  see  bank. 
National  guards,  III,  193. 
Navigation  convention.  III,  28. 
Navigation,     see     Cedar,     Des     Moines, 
Iowa,    Mississippi,    Missouri,    Skunk, 
river  improvement. 


318 


HISTORY 


Needham,  John  R.,  II,  62,  64,  65,  99 ;  IV, 
199. 

Negroes,  Act  concerning  free,  II,  102  ;  act 
prohibiting  settlement  of,  I,  189,  190, 
264 ;  decision  concerning,  99 ;  escape 
through  Iowa,  381,  382,  383;  in  re- 
bellion, II,  366,  367 ;  suffrage  of,  III, 
1,  2,  3,  4,  7,  15,  25. 

Nestlerode,  C.  C,  IV,  199. 

Neutral  grounds,  I,  95,  96,  105,  164. 

Newbold,  Joshua  G.,  HI,  73,  76,  87.  93; 
IV,  199,  200. 

Newhall,  J.  B.,  I,  220,  221. 

Nicholet,  Jean,  I,  26,  33. 

Noble,  John  W.,  II,  383,  384,  385 ;  IV,  200, 
201;  Lydia,  I,  301,  323,  324,  325;  Reu- 
ben, 275 ;  IV,  201. 

Noble  family,  I,  300,  302. 

Normal  school.  III,  270,  271,  456. 

North,  Ada  E.,  IV,  201,  202. 

Northwest  fur  company,  I,  49,  130. 

Northwest  Territory,  I,  60,  61,  144. 

Nourse,  Chas.  C,  IV,  202,  203. 

Nowlin,  Hardin,  IV,  202. 

Nunez,  Alvar,  I,  21,  22. 

O'Brien  county,  III,  393,  394. 

O'Connell,  Maurice  D.,  IV,  203. 

O'Connor,  Henry,  III,  1;  IV,  203,  204. 

Officers  of  artillery,  II,  1st — 409;  2d — 
409,  410;  3d — 410;  4th — 410. 

Officers  of  cavalry  regiments,  II,  1st — 
367;  2d— 372;  3d— 381 ;  4th — 386;  5th 
—391;  6th— 397;  7th — 401;  8th — 403; 
9th — 405 ;  Ft.  Dodge  company,  411. 

Officers  of  infantry  regiments,  II,  1st — 
53;  2d — 136;  3d — 141;  4th — ^145;  5th 
— ^153;  6th— 160;  7th — 167;  8th — 173; 
9th— 179;  10th— 188;  11th— 195  ;  12th 
— ^199;  13th — 205;  14th — ^209;  15th — 
215;  16th— 219;  17th— 225  ;  18th — 233; 
19th — 239;  20th — 245;  21st — 251;  22d 
— 257:  23d — 265;  24th — 269;  25th — 
279;  26th— 283;  27th— 289  ;  28th— 294  ; 
29th— 299;  30th— 304  ;  31st — 311;  32d 
— 315;  33d — 325;  34th — 329;  35th — 
337;  36th— 344;  37th — 351;  38th — 353; 
39th— 356;  40th— 361,  362;  44th — 407; 
45th — 406  ;  46th — 407  ;  47th — 407 ; 
48th — 408;  colored  regiment,  366,  367. 
Officials,  Removal  of  Federal,  III,~lI; 
directory  of  public,  440  to  531 ;  see- 
also  elections. 
Oil  Inspectors,  HI,  459. 
Okoboji  lakes,  I,  102,  103,  105,  293,  295.  296. 


Oliver,  Addison,  IV,  204. 

Omaha  Indians.  I,  64,  70,  102,  120,  121. 

One  hundred  days  men,  see  I,  44th,  46th, 

47th,  49th  infantry  regiments. 
Orchards,  Damage  to.  III,  128,  176,  198, 

212. 
Ord,  Edward,  O.  C,  see  luka. 
Ordinance  of,  1787,  I,  60. 
Organization  act  of  counties,  I,  183;  of 

Iowa  Territory,  18-5,  186. 
Orleans,  see  Louisiana. 
Orphans'  homes,  see  Soldiers'. 
Orr,  Jackson,  III,  34,  236,  238,  239,  240; 

IV,  204,  205. 
Osage  Indians,  I,  64,  68. 
Osborne,  Herbert,  IV,  205,  206. 
Osceola  county,  HI,  394,  395. 
Ossawatomie  Brown,  see  John  Brown. 
O&terhaus,    Peter    J.,    see    Black    River 

Bridge,  Pea  Ridge,  Port  Gibson. 
Ottawa  indians,  I,  73,  74,  75,  94,  95,  99. 

100,  101. 
Ottoe  indians,  I,  64,  102,  120,  121,  147,  148. 
Packard,    Stephen    B.,    Ill,   87,   88;    IV, 

206. 
Page,  Alonzo,  I,  341,  342. 
Page  county,  III,  395,  396,  397. 
Palmer,  David  J.,  IV,  206,  207;  Francis 

^y.,  207. 
Palo  Alto  county,  HI,  397,  398. 
Pardon,  Conditional,  HI,  86. 
Parker,   Jonathan   W.,   I,   208 ;    IV,  207. 

208 ;  Leonard  F..  208. 
Parrott,   James   C,   IV,   208,   209;    Matt. 

HI,  183,  184,  190 ;  IV,  209. 
Parvin,  John  A.,  IV,  209,  210;  Theo.  S., 

I,  67,  187,  217,  221;  IV,  210,  211. 
Pash-e-pa-ho,  chief,  I,  69,  87,  91,  92,  104. 
Patrons  of  Husbandry,  see  grange. 
Patterson,  Lemuel  B.,  I,  258;  'William, 

IV,  211. 
Pawnee  indians,  I,  120,  148. 
Paymasters-General,  HI,  455. 
Peace,  Attempts  to  secure,  H,  126;  con- 
ventions, 48,  49,  50,  123. 
Pea   Ridge,   Battle   of,    H,  180,   181,   182, 

183. 
Peck,  Mrs.  Maria  on  Black  Hawk,  I,  86. 
Penitentiaries,  HI,  139,  272. 
Penitentiary,   Act   locating,    I,   189 ;    act 

establishing  at  Anamosa,  HI,  49. 
Penrose,  Emlen  G.,  IV,  211,  212. 
Pension  agents,  HI,  526,  527. 
Perkins,  Chas.  E.,  IV,  212 ;  Geo.  D.,  HI, 

203;  IV,  212,  213. 


OF  IOWA 


319 


Perrin,  Wm.  B.,  IV,  213. 

Perrot,  Nicholas,  I,  109. 

Perry,  Theo.  B.,  IV,  213. 

Pickard,  Josiah  L.,  IV,  213,  214. 

Pierre,  Fort,  II,  398. 

Pike,  Zebulon  M.,  I,  75.  103,  114,  125,  126, 

127,  128,  129,  130,  134. 
Pioneer  conditions,   I,  386,  387,  388,   389, 

390,  391,  392,  S93,  395,  396. 
Pioneer  lawmakers'  association.  III,  284, 

285,   457. 
Pisgah,  Mount,  I,  234,  235. 
Plains,  treeless,  see  prairies. 
Platforms  of  parties,  see  names  of  par- 
ties. 
Pleasant  Hill,  Battle  of,  II,  319,  320,  321. 

322. 
Plymouth  county.  III,  398,  399. 
Pocahontas  county.  III,  399,  400,  401. 
Political  parties,  see  conventions. 
Polk  county.  III,  401,  402. 
Pollock,  Sam'l  M.,  II,  397,  399,  400. 
Pomeroy,  Charles,  IV,  214. 
Poineroy  tornado.  III,  168.  169,  170. 
Pomutz,  George,  II,  215,  216,  217,  218. 
Pope.  John,  see  Army  of  Potomac. 
Population  of  cities,  1870,  III,  44. 
Populist  Party.  Ill,  1891 — 163  ;  1892 — 166  ; 

1893 — 172;    1894 — 179;    1895 — 182;    1896 

— 187;    1897 — 189;    1898 — 197;    1899 — 

200  ;  1900 — 203  ;  1901—207. 
Porter,  Asbury  B.,   II,  53,  386,  387;   IV, 

214 ;    David    D.,    see    Arliansas    Post, 

Chickasaw  Bayou,  De  Russey. 
Port  Gibson,  II,  254,  255. 
Pottawattamie  county,   I,  101,   106;   III, 

402. 
Pottawattamie  Indians,  I,  64,  73.  75,  93, 

94,  95,  99,  100,  101,  105,  106,  229,  289. 
Powell,  Fort,  II,  333. 
Powers,  Joseph  B.,  IV,  214.  215. 
Poweshiek,  chief.  I,  91.  154. 
Poweshiek,  county.  Ill,  404.  405. 
Poyneer.    Alfred   N.,    Ill,   154,   156;    IV, 

215. 
Prairie  du  Chien,  I,  74,  110.  115,  128,  129, 

156. 
Prairie  du  Sac,  I.  74. 
Prairie  firos.  I,  390.  391. 
Prairie  Grove.  Battle  of,  II,  240,  241,  242, 

243. 
?wiiries,  I,  5,  9,  10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  132,  133, 

148.  149. 
Pratt.  Henry  O..  IV,  215. 


Pray,  Gilbert  B.,  IV,  215. 

Preemption,  Right  of,  I,  178,  179,  180. 

Prehistoric  animals,  I,  3,  4 ;  climate,  3, 
4 ;  customs,  16,  19 ;  dwellings,  16,  19 , 
implements  15,  16,  17 ;  Iowa,  2 ; 
mound  builders,  16  ;  races,  15  ;  rivers. 
4 ;  skulls,  15 ;  vegetation,  3,  4. 

Presidents  of  council,  see  M.  Bainbridge, 
J.  B.  Browne,  T.  Cox,  J.  D.  Elbert, 
S.  C.  Hastings,  S.  Hempstead,  J.  W. 
Parker. 

Presidents  of  senate,  see  T.  Baker,  M. 
L.  Fisher,  W.  W.  Hamilton,  W.  E. 
Lefflngwell,  E.  Lowe,  J.  J.  Selman ; 
see  also  lieutenant-governors. 

Preston.  Isaac  M..  IV,  216. 

Price,  Hiram.  I,  222.  272,  279,  281,  282, 
357  ;  II,  54,  61,  78,  131 ;  III,  1,  2,  22, 
76 ;  IV,  216,  217. 

Printers,  State,  III,  455,  456. 

Prisoners,  buried  at  Andersonville,  II, 
414,  415,  416,  417,  418;  see  also  An- 
dersonville. 

Privates,   see  volunteers. 

Probate  courts,  Act  governing,  I,  189. 

Proclamation,  of  emancipation,  II,  77, 
78,  118 ;  of  Kirkwood,  73,  74  ;  of  mar- 
tial law,  77;  of  Stone,  109,  112. 

Prohibition,  III,  173,  181. 

Prohibition  conventions.  III,  1883 — 123; 
1885 — 135;  1886 — 137;  1887 — 138;  1888 
—153;  1889—155;  1890—162;  1891— 
163;  1892 — 166;  1893 — 171;  1894 — 178; 
1895 — 182;  1896 — 188;  1897—189;  1898 
—197;  1899 — 199;  1900 — 202;  1901— 
204;   1902—211. 

Prohibitory  liquor  law,  I,  278.  286 ;  III, 
48,  72,  96,  114.  115,  116,  124,  125,  131,  135. 
144.  145,  153,  159,  160.  161.  172,  173. 

Protective  Association,  see  farmers. 

Prouty,  Solomon  F.,  IV,  217. 

Public  buildings.  Act  creating  offlct  of 
Superintendent  of,  I,  206. 

Public  feeling  in.  II,  1861 — 53.  54,  55,  57, 
62;  in  1862 — 66,  79,  85,  86.  87,  88,  89, 
90,  91,  92;  1863—96,  97,  98,  99;  1864— 
123,  124. 

Public  Instruction,  Superintendent  of, 
Act  creating  office  of,  I,  206 ;  Act 
effecting,  II,  102  ;  report  of,  I,  257 ; 
misuse  of  funds  of,  286,  287. 

Public  Instruction,  Superintendents  of, 
state.  III,  450 ;  territory,  441. 


320 


HISTORY 


Public  lands,  method  of  survey  and  sale 

of,  I,  60. 
Public  libraries,  see  libraries. 
Public  works,   Board  of,  I,  240,  243,  244, 

253,  264. 
Purchase  of  Louisiana  by  U.  S.,  I,  56 ;  of 

war  supplies,  II,  56. 
Purczel,  Nicholas,  II,  188,  190. 
Pu.-,ey,  Wm.  H.  M.,  IV,  217,  218. 
Quartermasters-General,  III,  455. 
Raid,  see  Grieraon,  Wilson,  Rousseau. 
Railroad,  commission.    III,   95,   145,    149, 

150,  151,  152,  161,  174;  commissioners, 

450 ;   extensions,  62,  174 ;   land  grant, 

I,  249,  253,  255,  271,  274,  283,  358;  II, 
103;  III,  21,  25,  58,  92,  174,  219.  221, 
226,  227,  229;  laws,  158,  159;  passes, 
113,  114,  150,  152;  rates,  56,  66,  68,  70, 
110,  152 ;  taxation  of,  191,  210 ;  wrecks, 
91,  92,  185,  186 ;  see  also  underground. 

Railroads,  I,  248,  271,  272,  273,  285,  286, 
358;  gross  earnings  of,  1869,  III,  27, 
174;  legislative  control  of,  25,  26,  30, 
31,  48,  56,  58,  59,  66,  67,  68,  70,  71,  77. 
93,  94,  95,  142,  143,  144,  146,  147,  148, 
149,  150,  151,  152. 

Ralph,  case  of  negro,  I,  198,  199. 

Randall,  Fort,  II,  397. 

Rankin,  John  W.,  II,  225,  226 ;  IV,  218 ; 
Sam'l  E.,  Ill,  53,  54,  64,  65. 

Raymond,  Levi  B.,  IV,  218,  219. 

Realf,  Richard,  I,  377,  379,  381. 

Reaser,  Wilbur  A.,  IV,  219. 

Rebellion,  Progress  of,  II,  51  to  129. 

Record  of  regiments.  Act  providing  for, 

II,  103. 

Redfield.  James,  II,  356,  357,  359. 
Redman,  W.  H.,  Ill,  142. 
Red  River  expedition,  II,  273,  319. 
Reed,  Joseph  R.,  II,  409 ;  IV,  219. 
Reform  school.  Act  establishing.  III,  21. 
Regiment  in  Mexican  war,  I,  224. 
Regiments,  see  cavalry,  infantry,  troops. 
Registers  of  state  land  office.  III,  450. 
Regulators,  suppression,  I,  347,  348,  349, 

350 ;  see  also  vigilance  committee. 
Reid,  Hugh  T.,  I,  171.  172,  221;   II,  215, 

216;  IV,  219,  220. 
Relnlger,  Robt.  G.,  IV,  220. 
Relief,  see  commission  on   India,   Spirit 

Lake  Expedition. 
Remley,  Milton,  IV,  220,  221. 
Removal    of   capital    to    Des    Moines,    1, 

351. 


Reporter  and  clerk  supreme  court.  III, 
454,  455 ;  act  making  offices  elec- 
tive, 9. 

Reports  of  Geological  Survey,  III,  9. 

Representatives  in  congress.  III,  530. 
531. 

Republican  conventions,  I,  281.  352,  370; 
II,  1860 — 44  ;  1861 — 62  ;  1862 — 78  ;  1863 
— 94,  95,  96  ;  1864 — 117,  118  ;  III,  1865— 
1;  1866 — 12;  1867—17;  1868—24;  1869 
— 28,  29  ;  1870 — 33  ;  1871 — 45  ;  1872 — 49, 
50;  1873 — 59;  1874 — 69;  1875 — 72,  73; 
1876 — 79;  1877 — 87;  1878 — 96;  1879 — 
98;  1880 — 100:  1881—109;  1882—122; 
1883—125,  126;  1884 — 132;  1885 — 135; 
1886 — 137;  1887—137;  1888-153;  1889 
—154;  1890 — 161;  1891 — 164;  1892— 
165;  1893—171;  1894—178;  1895—182. 
183;  1896—187;  1897—189,  190,  191; 
1898 — 197,  198;  1899 — 200;  1900 — 202; 
1901—206,  207  ;  1902 — 2U. 

Republican  party,  organization  of,  I, 
2S1. 

Requisition  for  Coppoc.  II,  19,  20,  21. 

Eesaca,  Battle  of,  II,  231,  232,  312,  313,  314. 

Resolutions,  of  inquiry  as  to  Kirkwood, 
II,  19,  20 ;  on  negro  suffrage.  III,  2 ; 
on  regulation  of  railroads,  66,  67 ;  on 
slavery,  I,  364,  365 ;  on  supporting 
administration,  II,  55 ;  on  Tilden- 
Hayes,  see  McCrary ;  of  political 
parties,  see  conventions. 

Response  to  call  for  volunteers,  II,  52, 
53. 

Reunion,  Army  of  Tennessee.  Ill,  74; 
see  also  soldiers. 

Revenue  laws.  II,  32  ;  III,  165  ;  act  form- 
ing, I,  189,  206,  240. 

Revenue,  Supervisors  of  internal.  III, 
528,  529. 

Rice,  Elliott  W.,  II,  140,  170,  171,  172,  228, 
314;  IV,  221;  Sam'l  A.,  II,  237,  300, 
301,  302,  303,  325,  327,  328,  364 ;  IV,  221. 

Rice,  Fort,  II,  400,  401. 

Richards,  Chas.  B.,  I,  311,  317,  318,  319. 

Richardson,  A.  P.,  IV,  221,  222;  David 
N.,  222,  223. 

Richman,  Jacob  S.,  IV,  223. 

Rigby,  Wm.  T.,  II,  274. 

Ringgold,  county.  III,  405,  406. 

RiEley,   county.   III,  406,   407. 

River  Improvements,  boards,  commis- 
sioners, registers,  III,  457 ;  see  also 
Cedar,  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  Skunk. 

Riviere  des  Moins,  La,  see  Des  Moines. 


OF   IOWA 


321 


Roberts.   Benj.    S.,   I,  225,   226.  257;    IV, 

223 ;  Geo.  E..  223.  224. 
Robinson.  Gifford  S..  IV,  224. 
Rockingham,  I,  160. 
Rosecrans.    Wm.    S.,    see    Chattanooga, 

Chickamauga,   Corinth,   luka. 
Ross,  Lewis  W.,  IV,  225. 
Rousseau's  raid,  II,  393,  394. 
Ruddick.  Geo.  W.,  IV,  225. 
Rumple,  John  N.  W.,  IV,  225,  226. 
Rusch,  Nicholas  J.,  I,  370;  II,  15;   IV, 

226. 
Russell,  Edward,  II,  1,  2;   IV,  226,  227; 

John,  II,  20,  26,  72 ;  IV,  227,  228. 
Ryan,  David,  IV,  228. 
Sabin,  Henry,  IV,  228. 
Sac  county.  III,  407,  408. 
Sac  Indians,  I,  64,  65,  66,  69,  70,  73,  74,  75, 

76,  77,  78,  79,  80,  81,  82,  86,  87,  88,  93,  94, 

96,  99,  100,  104,  106,  125,  126.  135.  152. 

155,  162,  169,  184,  209,  283. 
Safford,  Mary  A.,  IV,  228,  229. 
Salaries  of  State  officers.  I,  240,  286 ;  III, 

211. 
Salter,  Wil'iam,  IV,  229.  230. 
Sampson,  Bzekiel  S.,  IV,  230. 
Sanders,  Addison  H.,  II,  61,  219.  220,  221. 

222.  223 ;  IV,  230.  231 ;  Alfred,  I,  222, 

281 ;  IV,  231,  232 ;  Jas.  H.,  232. 
Sauford,  James  P.,  II,  407 ;  IV,  232,  233. 
Sanford,  Fort,  I,  107,  108,  209. 
Sanitary  agent.  II,  421 ;  association,  421, 

422 ;  convention,  421 ;  fairs,  421. 
Sapp.  Wm.  F.,  IV,  233. 
Sarpy,  Peter  A.,  I,  100,  152. 
Saunders,  Alvin,  IV,  233. 
Schaffer,  Cha?.  A.,  IV,  233.  234. 
Schmidt.  Wm.  O.,  IV,  234,  235. 
Scholte,  Henry  P.,  IV,  235. 
School,   buildings,   I,  394;   fund,  61,  286. 

287.    394:    land   grant,    203,   229;    III, 

92  ;  laws,  I,  283  ;  support,  203,  220,  286 ; 

system,  189,  240,  358,  392,  393,  394. 
Schoolcraft,   Henry   R.,    I,   114,   115,   116, 

166. 
Schools,  Act  to  tax  for  support  of.  III, 

48 ;  development  of,  263,  264,  265,  266 ; 

financial     condition     of,     140;     Gen. 

Grant  on,  see  Grant. 
Scott,  .Tohn,  II,  141,  142,  143,  145,  315,  317, 

318,  321,  322,  323;  III,  17.  21,  26;  IV, 

235,  236  :  Wm.  A..  236,  237. 
ficott  county.  III.  408,  409. 
Secession  movement,  II,  48,  49,  50,  51. 
Secor,  Eugene,  IV,  237. 


Secretaries,  board  of  education,  III,  450  ; 
of  state,  449  ;  of  territory,  441 ;  of  ag- 
ricultural, interior,  war,  524. 

Secretary  Dakota  Territory,  III,  528. 

Seeds,  Edward  P.,  IV,  237. 

Seerley,  Homer  H.,  IV,  238 ;  John  J., 
238. 

Seevers,  Wm.  H.,  IV,  238. 

Sells,  Cato,  IV,  238,  239;  Elijah.  II,  94, 
95 ;  IV,  239. 

Selman.  .John  J..  I,  252. 

Semicentennial    of    admission    of    state, 

III,  184,  185. 

Senators,  United  States,  III,  529,  530 ; 
see  also  Allison,  A.  C.  Dodge,  Dolli- 
ver.  Gear,  Grimes,  Harlan,  Howell, 
Jones,  Kirkwood,  McDill,  J.  F.  Wil- 
son, G.  G.  Wright. 

Settlements,  in  Black  Hawk  Purchase,  I, 
151,  156,  160,  165;  in  Iowa,  109,  110, 
111 ;  in  Missouri  valley,  147,  149 ;  in 
Northwest  Territory,  61 ;  in  Missis- 
sippi valley,  see  English.  French. 
Spanish. 

Settlers,  Expulsion  of,  I,  156,  159.  209. 

Severe  winter  of  1842-3,  I,  210;  1856-7, 
293. 

Shaffer,  Joshua  M.,  IV,  239,  240. 

Shambaugh,  Benj.  F.,  IV,  240. 

Shane,  John,  II,  205,  206.  207.  208;  III, 
66 ;  IV,  240.  241. 

Sharp,  Abbie  Gardner,  III,  181 ;  see  also 
Gardner. 

Shaw,  Albert,  IV,  241 ;  Leslie  M.,  Ill, 
190.  191.  201;  IV,  241,  242;  Wm.  T., 
II,  209,  210,  211,  212,  213,  296,  319,  320, 
321,  322,  323  ;  III,  8  ;  IV,  242. 

Shelby  county.  III,  409,  410,  411. 

Shelledy,  Stephen  B.,  I,  354;  IV,  242. 
243. 

Shelly,  Kate,  III,  110,  111,  112. 

Sheridan,  Philip,  II,  374,  375. 

Sherman,  Buren  R.,  Ill,  69,  79,  109,  113, 
123,  126.  128,  132,  133;  IV,  243;  Hoyt. 

IV,  243,  244  ;  Wm.  T.,  see  Allatoona, 
Arkansas  Post,  Atlanta,  Champion's 
Hill,  Chattanooga,  Chickasaw  Bayou, 
Jackson,  Resaca.  Rousseau  Raid. 
Vicksburg. 

Sherwin,  John  C,  IV,  244. 

Shields,  James  H.,  IV,  244 ;  John  O.,  244, 

245. 
Shiloh  monuments,  III,  202. 
Shiras,  Oliver  P..  IV,  245. 


322 


HISTORY 


Si-dom-i-na-do-ta,  chief,  1,  105,  28S,  289, 
290,  291. 

Sieges,  see  Jackson,  Mobile,  Vlcksburg. 

Sioux  City,  I,  122. 

Sioux  county,  HI,  411,  412. 

Sioux  indians,  I,  59,  68,  69,  79,  95,  96,  102, 
103,  104,  105,  106,  266,  267,  288,  289,  290, 
292,  293,  294,  297,  298,  300,  305,  321,  322, 
323,  324,  325,  327  ;  II,  57,  68,  69,  70,  71, 
76,  397,  398,  399,  400. 

"  Sketches  of  Iowa,"  by  Newhall,  I,  220, 
221. 

Skulls  of  prehistoric  man,  I,  15. 

Skunk  river  navigation,  I,  240,  257,  273. 

Slagle,  Christian  W.,  IV,  245. 

Slaughter  county.  III,  412. 

Slavery,  sec  emancipation  proclamation, 
constitutional  amendment. 

Sloan,  Robert,  IV,  301. 

Smith,  Hiram  Y.,  IV,  245,  246 ;  Lewis  H., 
246;  Milo,  II,  283,  285,  286;  IV,  246; 
Roderick  A.,  246,  247  ;  Walter  I.,  247  ; 
Wm.  R.,  247,  248;  Andrew  J.,  see  De 
Russey,  Mobile,  Nashville,  Pleasant 
Hill,  Vicksburg ;  Chas.  H.,  see 
Donelson,  Red  River. 

Smith,  Fort,  II,  235. 

Smyth,  Robert,  IV,  248;  Wm..  II,  311, 
314 ;  IV,  248. 

Snyder,  Carl,  I,  297,  298,  299. 

Socialist  conventions.  III,  1898 — 198 ; 
1900 — 202;  1901—208;  1902— 2U. 

Social  life  of  farmers.  III,  58. 

Sod  house,  I,  389,  390. 

Soils,  I,  7,  8,  9,  10. 

Soldiers,  conventions.  III,  2,  3 ;  home, 
1.35,  139,  275;  orphans*  home,  II,  421, 
422,  423 :  III,  8,  9,  62,  85,  139,  275 ;  re- 
union, 34,  35 ;   see  also  volunteers. 

Sons  of  Liberty,  II,  113,  116. 

Spain,  Treaty  of  U.  S.  with,  I,  55; 
France,  56. 

Spanish-American  war.  III,  193,  194,  195, 
196. 

Spanish  Fort,  II,  176,  177,  178. 

Spanish  in  Mississippi  valley,  I,  51,  52, 
53,  54,  55. 

Speakers  of  House  of  Representatives, 
see  general  assemblies. 

Special  election,  I,  260,  356. 

Special  message  of  Kirkwood,  II,  20. 

Spirit  Lake,  I,  102,  103,  105,  228;  first 
settlers  at,  293,  295,  296 ;  massacre  at, 
297,  298,  299,  300,  301,  302,  327;  monu- 
ment, III,  181,  182;  relief  expedition. 


I,  309,  311,  312,  313,  314,  315,  316,  317, 
318,  327,  328. 

Spoor,  Nelson  T.,  II,  409. 

Springer,  Francis,  I,  284 ;  IV,  248,  249 ; 
Frank,  249,  250. 

Springfield,  Battle  of,  II,  233,  234,  235; 
massacre,  I,  304,  305,  306,  307,  308,  309. 

Staff  officers  of  governor.  Act  providing 
for,  II,  56. 

Stanton,  Edgar  W.,  IV,  250;  Thaddeus 
H.,  250. 

State  bank,  see  bank. 

State  House,  see  capitol. 

State  institutions,  Financial  condition 
of.  III,  174 ;  see  also  agricultural 
college,  blind  asylum,  deaf  and 
dumb  asylum,  feeble-minded  asylum, 
industrial  schools,  insane  hospitals, 
normal  school,  penitentiaries,  sol- 
diers' home,  soldiers'  orphans'  home, 
university. 

State  Legislature,  see  General  Assembly. 

State  library,  see  library. 

State  militia,  see  militia. 

State  officers.  III,  449  to  531 ;  see  also 
elections,  general  assemblies. 

State  university,  see  university. 

Statute  revision.  III,  49. 

Steele,  Fred'k,  II,  173,  362,  363;  see  also 
Little  Rock,  Mobile,  Moscow. 

Stevens,  John  L.,  IV,  251 ;  Aaron  D.,  sec 
Harper's  Ferry. 

Stibbs,  John  H.,  II,  135,  136,  201,  2027  203, 
342. 

Stiles,  Edward  H.,  IV,  251. 

Stockton,  Lacon  D.,  IV,  251. 

Stone,  Geo.  A.,  II.  279,  280,  281,  282,  283; 
IV,  252;    Henry,   III,   173;    John   Y., 

111,  93  ;  IV,  252  ;  Joseph  C,  IV,  252, 
253;  Wm.  M.,  II,  42,  94,  95,  101,  109, 

112,  117,  127,  141,  143,  145.  187,  254,  255, 
257,  260,  262  ;  III,  1,  4,  5,  20,  64 ;  IV, 
253. 

Stone  axe,  I,  15,  16,  17. 

Story  county.  III,  412,  413. 

Stout,  Henry  L.,  IV,  253,  254. 

Street,  Joseph  M.,  IV,  254. 

Struble,  Geo.  R.,  IV,  254;  I.saac  S.,  IV, 

254,  255. 
Stubbs,  Daniel  P.,  IV,  255. 
Sully,  Alfred,  II,  398,  399,  400. 
Sully  Fort,  II,  399,  400. 
Summer   of  1901,   Heat  of,   III,  212;   of 

1902,  212. 


OF   IOWA 


323 


Summers,    Sam'l   W.,   II,   401,   402;    IV, 

255. 
Supervisors    of    Internal    Revenue,    III, 

528,  529. 
Supreme  court,  clerks  of.  III,  454,  455 ; 

reporters  of,  455 ;  important  decision 

of  Territorial,  I,  198,  199. 
Supreme  judges,  of  state,  III,  450,  451 ; 

of  territory,  441 ;  act  increasing  num- 
ber of,  II,  102. 
Surgeons-General,  III,  465. 
Survey,   of   Des   Moines   river   lands,    I, 

253 ;    system    of    land,    60 ;    see    also 

Missouri  boundary. 
Surveyors-General,  III,  441,  526. 
Swain,  Adeline  M.,  Ill,  108,  109  ;  IV,  256. 
Swalm,  Albert  W.,  IV,  256,  257 ;  Pauline 

Given,  IV,  257. 
Swamp  land  indemnity  fund.  III,  5,  6,  7 ; 

land  grant,  92. 
Sweney,  Joseph  H.,  IV,  257. 
Sylvester,  Richard  H.,  IV,  257,  258. 
Tabor,  Stephen  J.  W.,  IV,  258. 
Tabor,   John   Brown  at  town  of,   I,  373, 

377,  381. 
Tally  war,  II,  88,  89. 
Tama  county.  III,  414,  415. 
Tamiah,  chief,  I,  93. 
Taxation,    Acts    regulating.    III,    21,    30, 

31,  48,  131,  184,  201,  210;   of  corpora- 
tions, 200. 
Taxes,  Acts  concerning,  II,  65. 
Taylor,  Steward,  I,  379 ;  II,  1,  2,  5,  6,  9. 
Taylor,  Hawkins,  IV,  259. 
Taylor  county.  III,  415,  416. 
Tedford,  Wm.  H.,  IV,  259. 
Teesdale,  John,  IV,  259,  260. 
Temperance  Alliance,  1,  279. 
Temperance  conventions.   III,   1875 — 73  ; 

1876—78  ;  1877—89,  90  ;  1879 — 98. 
Temple,  Edward  A.,  IV,  260;  George,  1, 

263;  Marcellus  L..  IV,  260. 
Terre  Noir,  II,  301,  302. 
Territorial    courts,    I,    186;    territorial 

legislature,  see  legislative  assembly. 
Territorial  officers,  III,  441,  442,  443,  444, 

445.  446,  447,  448,  449. 
Territories,   see  Illinois,   Indiana,   Iowa, 

Louisiana,  Michigan,  Missouri,  Wis- 
consin. 
Tesson,  Louis  H.,  I,  117,  152. 
Thatcher,  Mrs.  Elizabeth,  I,  301,  321,  322, 

323. 
Thatcher  family,  I,  296,  302. 
Thayer,  Edward  H.,  IV,  261. 


Thomas,  J.  W.  (Comequick),  1,  338,  339, 
340 ;  Lot,  IV,  261 ;  Geo.  H.,  see  Chat- 
tanooga, Chicamauga,  Nashville. 

Thomas  house,  Fight  at,  I,  304,  305,  306  ; 
flight  from,  307,  308,  309,  310. 

Thompson,  James,  K.  P.,  IV,  2G1,  262; 
Wm.,  I,  252,  259,  260;  II,  372;  IV, 
262;  Wm.  G.,  262,  263. 

Thorington,  James,  I,  222,  280,  283;  IV, 
263,  264. 

Tidd,  Charles  P.,  see  Harper's  Ferry. 

Tilton,  Battle  at,  II,  231. 

Timber  planting.  Act  encouraging.  111, 
21. 

Tirrill,  Rodney  W.,  IV,  264. 

Titus,  Geo.  M.,  IV,  264,  265. 

Todd,  Andrew,  I,  111,  112. 

Tcdhunter,  Lewis,  IV,  265. 

Tornados,  see  Camanche,  Grinnell,  Pom- 
eroy. 

Torrence,  Wm.  M.  G.,  II,  304,  305,  367, 
368 ;  IV,  265,  266. 

Towner,  Horace  M.,  IV,  266. 

Townsend,  John  S.,  IV,  302. 

Tract,  Half-breed,  sec  half-breed  reser- 
vation. 

Trader's  Point,  I,  152,  153 ;  see  also 
Council  Bluffs. 

Trading  posts,  1,  46,  109,  111,  117,  151,  152, 
153,  154,  165. 

Trans-Mississippi  exhibition.   III,  184. 

Transportation,  Improved,  111,  288,  289 : 
see  also  navigation,  railroads. 

Traverse,  Henry  C,  IV,  266. 

Treasurers  of  state.  111,  450 ;  of  terri- 
tory, 441 ;  act  creating  office  of,  I, 
202. 

Treaties  of  U.  S.,  see  France,  Indian, 
Spain,  Virginia. 

Trewin,  Jas.  H.,  IV,  266,  267. 

Trimble,  Henry  H.,  IV,  267,  268. 

Troops,  Act  providing  for  raising  of,  II, 
56 ;  in  field  at  close  of  1861 — 64  ;  1862 
—80;  1863—101. 

Trumbull,  Mathew  M.,  II,  143,  145,  406; 
IV,  268. 

Trusts,  Act  '.o  prevent  formation  of.  III, 
161. 

Tufts,  John  Q.,  IV,  268. 

Tullis,  James,  11,  143,  144. 

Turner,  Asa.  IV,  268,  269. 

Tuttle,  James  M.,  11,  96,  136.  137.  138.  139. 
140.  170.  175.  209  ;  IV,  269,  270. 

Twombly,  Voltaire  P.,  II,  139,  140;  IV, 
270.  271. 


324 


HISTORY 


Udell,  Nathan,  IV,  271. 

Underground  railroad,  I,  373,  374,  381, 
382 ;  II,  2. 

Union  anti-negro  suffrage  party  con- 
vention, III,  3. 

Union,  brigade,  II,  175,  201,  228;  guards, 
52  ;  league,  116  ;  party  convention,  63. 

Union  county,  III,  416,  417,  418. 

United  States  courts,  Alabama  claims, 
III,  525;  circuit,  524;  district,  525; 
private  land  claims,  525 ;  supreme, 
524. 

University,  State,  I,  219,  241,  S94 ;  III, 
31,  158,  210,  267,  268,  456. 

Updegraff,  Thomas,   IV,  271. 

Van  Buren,  Capture  of,  II,  368,  369. 

Van  Buren  county.  III,  418,  419. 

Vandever,  Wm.,  II,  49,  179,  180,  181,  183, 
188 ;  IV,  271,  272. 

Van  Home,  George,  IV,  272. 

Varga,  Francis,  IV,  272,  273. 

Vegetation,  prehistoric,  I,  4,  6 ;  of 
prairies,  10.  11.  12.  13. 

Veto  power.  Contest  over,  I,  190,  191,  192, 
201. 

Vicksburg,  Assault  on,  II,  258,  259,  260  ; 
commission  on  monuments  at.  III, 
202.  210 ;  siege  of,  II,  229.  230,  258,  259, 
260,  261,  262 :  surrender  of,  98.  99. 

Viele,  Philip,  IV,  273. 

Vigilance  committee,  I,  336,  337,  338,  341, 
342,  343,  344,  345,  346,  347,  348,  349,  350. 

Virginia,  treaty  with  U.  S.,  I,  59. 

Vollmer.  Henry,  IV,  273. 

Volunteer  regiments,  see  artillery,  caval- 
ry, infantry. 

Volunteers,  Act  to  prevent  sale  of  prop- 
erty of,  II,  65 ;  aid  to  families  of,  56 
calls   for,   52,  53,   64,   73,   80,   99,   109 
civil   suits   against,   56 ;    pay  of,   56 
relief   of   disabled,    65,    75 ;    relief   of 
families  of,  75,  102,  114. 

Voters,  Act  requiring  registry  of.  III,  21. 

Wachsmuth,  Charles,  IV,  273,  274. 

Wade,  Martin  J.,  IV,  275. 

Wahkaw  county,  HI,  419,  420. 

Waite,  John  L.,  IV,  275. 

Wakefield,  Geo.  W..  IV,  275. 

Walden,  Madison  M..  Ill,  29 ;  IV,  275. 
276. 

Walker,  Wm.  W..  IV,  276. 

Wallace,  John  H.,  IV,  276,  277,  278 ;  Wm. 
H.,  I,  188 ;  Lew,  sec  Donelson. 

Wapello,  chief,  I,  88,  91,  92,  152. 

Wapello  county.  III,  420.  421,  422. 


War  with  Spain,  see  Spanish-American 

War. 
Warning,  Letter  of,  see  letter. 
Warren,    Bennett,    I,   344,   345,   346;    Fltz 

Henry,   251,  258;   II,  94,   95.   251,   252, 

253,    262,   268.   367,   368,   371;    IV,   278, 

279. 
Warren  county.  III,  422,  423. 
Washington  county.  III,  423,  424,  425. 
Washington  Light  Guards,  II,  52. 
Waterman,  Chas.  M.,  IV,  279. 
Waukon-Decorah,  chief,  II,  97. 
Wayne  county.  III,  425,  426. 
Weaver,  James  B.,  II,  94,  139,  140 ;  III, 

72,  99,  100,  126 ;  IV,  279,  280 ;  Silas  M.. 

IV,  281. 
Webster  county,  III,  426,  427,  428,  429. 
Welch,   Andonijah  S.,   Ill,  26;   IV,.  281. 

282;  Mary  B.,  282,  283. 
Weller,   Luman  H.,   IV,  283. 
Wells,  D.  Franklin,  IV,  283. 
Wells,  see  drive. 
Western  Division  of  Iowa,  II,  58. 
Wet  season,  1851,   I,  265,  266;   185S — 368, 

369. 
Wever,   Clark  R.,  II,  228.  229.  231.  232; 

IV,  283,  284. 
Wheeler,  Loring,  IV,  284. 
Whig   convention,    I,    204,    216,    228,    249, 

250,  259,  263,  270,  274,  279. 
White,  Andrew  D.,  Ill,  40,  41,  42  ;  Chas. 

A.,   I,   12;   III,  9.   10;    IV.   284,   285; 

Fred'k  E.,  285. 
White  Stone  Hill,  Battle  of,  II,  398,  399. 
Whiting,  Chas.  E.,  IV,  285,  286. 
Whitney,  Leonard,  IV,  286. 
Wildcat   currency,    I,    353,    354 ;    II,    105, 

106,  107. 
Wilds,  John  Q.,  II,  270,  273,  277. 
Wilkinson,  James,  I,  53.  118,  133,  134. 
Williams,   Elias  H..   IV,   286;    Jesse.   I, 

202,  205,  206,  219 ;  Joseph,  I,  171 ;  IV, 

287;  J.  Wilson,  287;  Wm.,  I,  291,  292, 

299,  309,  311,  313,  314,  315,  317,  327,  328, 

368  :  IV,  287,  288 ;  V/ilson  G.,  II,  141, 

143;  IV,  288. 
Williamson,    Jas.    A.,    II,    146,    149,    150, 

151,  185,  186,  280,  308,  314  ;  IV,  288,  289. 
Wilmot  proviso.  Attitude  of  Iowa  toward, 

I,  262. 
Wilson,  Barthol'w  W.,  II,  296.  297,  298; 

David  S.,  397,   400;   IV,  289;   James, 

HI,  48,  191 ;  IV,  289 ;  Jas.  C,  II,  208 ; 

James  F.,  I,  366,  367;  HI,  22,  23,  48, 

47.  48.  49.  93.  108.  113,   152,   241;   IV, 


OF  IOWA 


325 


290;    Thos.    S.,   I,   169,   171,   199:    IV, 

290,  291 ;  Walter  C,  IV,  291 ;  Wm.  D., 

Ill,  58. 
W'Uson's   Creek,   Battle  of,   II,  132,   133, 

134. 
Wilson's  raid,  II,  385,  386. 
Winchester,  Battle  of,  II,  274,  275. 
Winnebago  county,  lU,  429,  430. 
Winnebago  indians,  I,  64,  77,  79,  80,  94, 

95,  96,  97,  98,  99,  100,  128. 
Winneshiek,  chief,  I,  96,  97. 
Winneshiek  county.  III,  430,  431,  432. 
Winslow,    Edward   F.,    II,   387,   388.    389, 

390 ;  IV,  291 ;  see  also  Wilson's  raid. 
Winter  1882,  III,  3 ;  damage  to  fruit,  127, 

128;  1898-99 — 198,  199. 
Wisconsin    Legislature,    see    legislative 

assembly. 
Wisconsin  river.  Explorations  of,  I,  30, 

128. 
Wisconsin  Territory,  I,  173,  174,  175,  176, 

177,  178,  180,  181,  182,  184,  185. 
Wise,  Henry  A.,  II,  11,  12,  23. 
Withrow,  Thos.  F.,  IV,  292. 
Wittenmyer,  Annie  T.,  II,  421;  IV,  292, 

293. 
Wolfe,  Wm.  P.,  Ill,  128;  IV,  293,  294. 
Woman   suffrage.   III,  49,  60,  61.  66,  69, 

77,  90,  114,  131,  252,  253,  254,  255,  259, 

260,  261. 


Women,  Act  relating  to,  I,  220 ;  in  busi- 
ness, III,  258  ;  in  clubs,  261,  262  ;  laws 
relating  to,  258,  259;  as  officers,  255, 
256,  257  ;  in  professions,  260,  261 ;  in 
Rebellion,  II,  418,  419,  420,  421,  422; 
captives  of  Sioux,  see  Gardner,  Mar- 
ble, Noble,  Thatcher. 

Woodbury  county.  III,  432,  433,  434. 

Woodruff,  Marcus  C,  IV,  294. 

Woods,  Joseph  J.,  II,  199,  200,  201,  203, 
217,  218 ;  IV,  294,  295. 

Woodward,  Wm.  G.,  I,  277;  IV,  295. 

Woolson,  John  S.,  IV,  295. 

World's  Columbian  exposition.  III,  165, 
167,  168. 

Worth  county.  III,  434,  435,  436. 

Worthington,  Wm.  H.,  II,  153,  154. 

Wright,  Ed,  I,  367 ;  III,  5 ;  IV,  295,  296 ; 
Geo.  F.,  IV,  296 ;  Geo.  G.,  I,  222,  277 ; 
III,  4,  30;  IV,  296.  297;  Melville  C, 
II,  410. 

Wright  county,  HI,  436,  437,  438. 

Yankton  indians,  I,  102,  103. 

Yell  county.  III,  438. 

Yeoman,  Joseph  A.  O.,  IV,  297,  298; 
Stephen  P..  298. 

Yewell,  Geo.  H.,  IV,  298,  299. 

Young,  "  Aunt  Becky,"  II,  421 ;  C.  M., 
II,  385 ;  John  M.,  394,  395,  396 ;  Lafay- 
ette, III,  68 ;  IV,  299,  300. 


4. 


AUG  2  0  1936 


K